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Donmez HG, Beksac MS. Comparison of cytological and immunocytochemical methods for detecting apoptotic epithelial cells in cervicovaginal smears. Diagn Cytopathol 2019; 47:1277-1282. [PMID: 31576675 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several methods have been applied to detect death cells in tissue, cell culture, and fluid samples. We aimed to compare the cytological and immunocytochemical methods for detecting apoptotic cells in cervicovaginal smears. METHODS Cervicovaginal smears were taken from 102 women for various gynecological complaints. The slides were stained using the Papanicolaou (Pap)-staining method for cytological evaluation. Cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) antibody was used to detect apoptosis by immunocytochemically, and H-Score was used for the evaluation. In Pap-stained smears, apoptosis was detected and evaluated using our new scoring system by the examination of morphological changes of epithelial cells such as apoptotic bodies, blebbing, karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. We used Kappa analysis to understand whether there is an agreement between cytological and immunocytochemical methods for detecting apoptotic cells. RESULTS Cytological and immunocytochemical methods showed similarities at a moderate level (κ = 0.482, P < .001). The cytological and immunocytochemical scores were also similar to each other at a fair level (κ = 0.373, P < .001). Pap smears had a sensitivity of 64.40% (95% CI: 50.12-76.01), specificity of 86.04% (95% CI: 72.65-94.83), positive likelihood ratio of 4.62, negative likelihood ratio of 0.41, positive predictive value of 86.36%, negative predictive value of 63.79%, and overall probability of 73.53% compared to immunocytochemical staining. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that Pap smear and cytological scores alone were not good enough to identify apoptosis compared to the immunocytochemical studies. However, because of its high specificity, it may still be an adequate method to detect apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Guler Donmez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sinan Beksac
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Galani V, Varouktsi A, Papadatos SS, Mitselou A, Sainis I, Constantopoulos S, Dalavanga Y. The role of apoptosis defects in malignant mesothelioma pathogenesis with an impact on prognosis and treatment. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:241-253. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cerruti F, Jocollè G, Salio C, Oliva L, Paglietti L, Alessandria B, Mioletti S, Donati G, Numico G, Cenci S, Cascio P. Proteasome stress sensitizes malignant pleural mesothelioma cells to bortezomib-induced apoptosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17626. [PMID: 29247244 PMCID: PMC5732203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on promising results in preclinical models, clinical trials have been performed to evaluate the efficacy of the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor bortezomib towards malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), an aggressive cancer arising from the mesothelium of the serous cavities following exposure to asbestos. Unexpectedly, only minimal therapeutic benefits were observed, thus implicating that MPM harbors inherent resistance mechanisms. Identifying the molecular bases of this primary resistance is crucial to develop novel pharmacologic strategies aimed at increasing the vulnerability of MPM to bortezomib. Therefore, we assessed a panel of four human MPM lines with different sensitivity to bortezomib, for functional proteasome activity and levels of free and polymerized ubiquitin. We found that highly sensitive MPM lines display lower proteasome activity than more bortezomib-resistant clones, suggesting that reduced proteasomal capacity might contribute to the intrinsic susceptibility of mesothelioma cells to proteasome inhibitors-induced apoptosis. Moreover, MPM equipped with fewer active proteasomes accumulated polyubiquitinated proteins, at the expense of free ubiquitin, a condition known as proteasome stress, which lowers the cellular apoptotic threshold and sensitizes mesothelioma cells to bortezomib-induced toxicity as shown herein. Taken together, our data suggest that an unfavorable load-versus-capacity balance represents a critical determinant of primary apoptotic sensitivity to bortezomib in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvia Cerruti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Genny Jocollè
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale U. Parini, Viale Ginevra 3, 11100, Aosta, Italy
| | - Chiara Salio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Oliva
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Paglietti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Beatrice Alessandria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Mioletti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Donati
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Ospedale U. Parini, Viale Ginevra 3, 11100, Aosta, Italy
| | - Gianmauro Numico
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e C Arrigo, Via Venezia 16, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Simone Cenci
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Cascio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
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Apoptosis by [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] requires PKC-δ mediated p53 activation in malignant pleural mesothelioma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181114. [PMID: 28704484 PMCID: PMC5507537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma cancer cells have epithelioid or sarcomatoid morphology. The worst prognosis is associated with sarcomatoid phenotype and resistance to therapy is affected by cells heterogeneity. We recently showed that in ZL55 mesothelioma cell line of epithelioid origin [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] (Ptac2S) has an antiproliferative effect in vitro and in vivo. Aim of this work was to extend the study on the effects of Ptac2S on ZL34 cell line, representative of sarcomatoid mesothelioma. ZL34 cells were used to assay the antitumor activity of Ptac2S in a mouse xenograft model in vivo. Then, both ZL34 and ZL55 cells were used in order to assess the involvement of p53 protein in (a) the processes underlying the sensitivity to chemotherapy and (b) the activation of various transduction proteins involved in apoptosis/survival processes. Ptac2S increases ZL34 cell death in vivo compared with cisplatin and, in vitro, Ptac2S was more efficacious than cisplatin in inducing apoptosis. In Ptac2S-treated ZL34 and ZL55 cells, p53 regulated gene products of apoptotic BAX and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins via transcriptional activation. Ptac2S activated PKC-δ and PKC-ε; their inhibition by PKC-siRNA decreased the apoptotic death of cells. PKC-δ was responsible for JNK1/2 activation that has a role in p53 activation. In addition, PKC-ε activation provoked phosphorylation of p38MAPK, concurring to apoptosis. In ZL34 cells, Ptac2S also activated PKC-α thus provoking ERK1/2 activation; inhibition of PKC-α, or ERK1/2, increased Ptac2S cytotoxicity. Results confirm that Ptac2S is a promising therapeutic agent for malignant mesothelioma, giving a substantial starting point for its further validation.
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Nabavi N, Bennewith KL, Churg A, Wang Y, Collins CC, Mutti L. Switching off malignant mesothelioma: exploiting the hypoxic microenvironment. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:340-354. [PMID: 28191281 PMCID: PMC5302036 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesotheliomas are aggressive, asbestos-related cancers with poor patient prognosis, typically arising in the mesothelial surfaces of tissues in pleural and peritoneal cavity. The relative unspecific symptoms of mesotheliomas, misdiagnoses, and lack of precise targeted therapies call for a more critical assessment of this disease. In the present review, we categorize commonly identified genomic aberrations of mesotheliomas into their canonical pathways and discuss targeting these pathways in the context of tumor hypoxia, a hallmark of cancer known to render solid tumors more resistant to radiation and most chemo-therapy. We then explore the concept that the intrinsic hypoxic microenvironment of mesotheliomas can be Achilles' heel for targeted, multimodal therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Nabavi
- Laboratory for Advanced Genome Analysis, Vancouver Prostate Centre, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin L. Bennewith
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Churg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, BC, Canada
| | - Colin C. Collins
- Laboratory for Advanced Genome Analysis, Vancouver Prostate Centre, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Luciano Mutti
- Italian Group for Research and Therapy for Mesothelioma (GIMe) & School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Robles AI, Olsen KS, Tsui DWT, Georgoulias V, Creaney J, Dobra K, Vyberg M, Minato N, Anders RA, Børresen-Dale AL, Zhou J, Sætrom P, Nielsen BS, Kirschner MB, Krokan HE, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Tsamardinos I, Røe OD. Excerpts from the 1st international NTNU symposium on current and future clinical biomarkers of cancer: innovation and implementation, June 16th and 17th 2016, Trondheim, Norway. J Transl Med 2016; 14:295. [PMID: 27756323 PMCID: PMC5069785 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of biomarker research is to identify clinically valid markers. Despite decades of research there has been disappointingly few molecules or techniques that are in use today. The “1st International NTNU Symposium on Current and Future Clinical Biomarkers of Cancer: Innovation and Implementation”, was held June 16th and 17th 2016, at the Knowledge Center of the St. Olavs Hospital in Trondheim, Norway, under the auspices of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the HUNT biobank and research center. The Symposium attracted approximately 100 attendees and invited speakers from 12 countries and 4 continents. In this Symposium original research and overviews on diagnostic, predictive and prognostic cancer biomarkers in serum, plasma, urine, pleural fluid and tumor, circulating tumor cells and bioinformatics as well as how to implement biomarkers in clinical trials were presented. Senior researchers and young investigators presented, reviewed and vividly discussed important new developments in the field of clinical biomarkers of cancer, with the goal of accelerating biomarker research and implementation. The excerpts of this symposium aim to give a cutting-edge overview and insight on some highly important aspects of clinical cancer biomarkers to-date to connect molecular innovation with clinical implementation to eventually improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Robles
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Karina Standahl Olsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dana W T Tsui
- Department of Pathology and Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Vassilis Georgoulias
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of MedicineUniversity of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jenette Creaney
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Disease, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Katalin Dobra
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mogens Vyberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Robert A Anders
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Cancer Center School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pål Sætrom
- Department of Computer and Information Science, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Hans E Krokan
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Oluf D Røe
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway. .,Cancer Clinic, Department of SurgeryLevanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
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7
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Szulkin A, Szatmári T, Hjerpe A, Dobra K. Chemosensitivity and resistance testing in malignant effusions with focus on primary malignant mesothelioma and metastatic adenocarcinoma. Pleura Peritoneum 2016; 1:119-133. [PMID: 30911616 DOI: 10.1515/pp-2016-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell based chemosensitivity and resistance testing is an attractive approach that offers functional measurement of drug response ex vivo with the ultimate goal to guide the choice of chemotherapy for various cancers. Thus, it has a great potential to select patients for the optimal treatment option, thereby offering a tool for personalized cancer therapy. Despite several decades of intensive scientific efforts ex-vivo tests are still not incorporated in the standard of care. Limited access to fresh tumor tissue, unsatisfactory models and single readout as endpoint constitute major hindrance. Thus, establishing and validating clinically useful and reliable model systems still remains a major challenge. Here we present malignant effusions as valuable sources for ex-vivo chemosensitivity and resistance testing. Accumulation of a malignant effusion in the pleura, peritoneum or pericardium is often the first diagnostic material for both primary malignant mesothelioma and a broad spectrum of metastatic adenocarcinoma originating from lung-, breast-, ovary- and gastro-intestinal organs as well as lymphoma. In contrast to biopsies, in these effusions malignant cells are easily accessible and often abundant. Effusion derived cells can occur dissociated or forming three-dimensional papillary structures that authentically recapitulate the biology of the corresponding tumor tissue and offer models for ex vivo testing. In addition, effusions have the advantage of being available prior to or concurrent with the pathological review, thus constituting an excellent source of viable cells for simultaneous molecular profiling, biomarker analysis and for establishing primary cells for studying tumor biology and resistance mechanisms. For a reliable test, however, a careful validation is needed, taking into account the inherited heterogeneity of malignant tumors, but also the complex interplay between malignant and benign cells, which are always present in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Szulkin
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tünde Szatmári
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hjerpe
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katalin Dobra
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Røe OD, Stella GM. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: history, controversy and future of a manmade epidemic. Eur Respir Rev 2015; 24:115-31. [PMID: 25726562 PMCID: PMC9487774 DOI: 10.1183/09059180.00007014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Asbestos is the term for a family of naturally occurring minerals that have been used on a small scale since ancient times. Industrialisation demanded increased mining and refining in the 20th century, and in 1960, Wagner, Sleggs and Marchand from South Africa linked asbestos to mesothelioma, paving the way to the current knowledge of the aetiology, epidemiology and biology of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Pleural mesothelioma is one of the most lethal cancers, with increasing incidence worldwide. This review will give some snapshots of the history of pleural mesothelioma discovery, and the body of epidemiological and biological research, including some of the controversies and unresolved questions. Translational research is currently unravelling novel circulating biomarkers for earlier diagnosis and novel treatment targets. Current breakthrough discoveries of clinically promising noninvasive biomarkers, such as the 13-protein signature, microRNAs and the BAP1 mesothelioma/cancer syndrome, are highlighted. The asbestos history is a lesson to not be repeated, but here we also review recent in vivo and in vitro studies showing that manmade carbon nanofibres could pose a similar danger to human health. This should be taken seriously by regulatory bodies to ensure thorough testing of novel materials before release in the society. Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a cancer with increasing death tolls due to the past and present use of asbestoshttp://ow.ly/DhA2y
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9
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Nishikawa S, Tanaka A, Matsuda A, Oida K, Jang H, Jung K, Amagai Y, Ahn G, Okamoto N, Ishizaka S, Matsuda H. A molecular targeting against nuclear factor-κB, as a chemotherapeutic approach for human malignant mesothelioma. Cancer Med 2014; 3:416-25. [PMID: 24510578 PMCID: PMC3987091 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation due to the absorption of asbestos is an important cause of mesothelioma. Although the increased prevalence of mesothelioma is a serious problem, the development of effective chemotherapeutic agents remains incomplete. As the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway contributes to malignant transformation of various types of cells, we explored NF-κB activity in three different pathological types of malignant mesothelioma cells, and evaluated the therapeutic potential of a recently reported NF-κB inhibitor, IMD-0354. NF-κB was constantly activated in MSTO-211H, NCI-H28, and NCI-H2052 cells, and the proliferation of these cell lines was inhibited by IMD-0354. D-type cyclins were effectively suppressed in mixed tissue type MSTO-211H, leading to cell cycle arrest at sub G1/G1 phase. IMD-0354 reduced cyclin D3 in both epithelial tissue type NCI-H28 and sarcomatoid tissue type NCI-H2052. In a sphere formation assay, IMD-0354 effectively decreased the number and diameter of MSTO-211H spheres. Preincubation of MSTO-211H cells with IMD-0354 delayed tumor formation in transplanted immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, administration of IMD-0354 markedly rescued the survival rate of mice that received intrathoracic injections of MSTO-211H cells. These results indicate that a targeted drug against NF-κB might have therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of human malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Nishikawa
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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Darai-Ramqvist E, Nilsonne G, Flores-Staino C, Hjerpe A, Dobra K. Microenvironment-Dependent Phenotypic Changes in a SCID Mouse Model for Malignant Mesothelioma. Front Oncol 2013; 3:203. [PMID: 23951555 PMCID: PMC3739415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive, therapy-resistant tumor. Mesothelioma cells may assume an epithelioid or a sarcomatoid phenotype, and presence of sarcomatoid cells predicts poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated differentiation of mesothelioma cells in a xenograft model, where mesothelioma cells of both phenotypes were induced to form tumors in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Methods: Xenografts were established and thoroughly characterized using a comprehensive immunohistochemical panel, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) of chromosome 3, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and electron microscopy. Results: Epithelioid and sarcomatoid cells gave rise to xenografts of similar epithelioid morphology. While sarcomatoid-derived xenografts had higher growth rates, the morphology and expression of differentiation-related markers was similar between xenografts derived from both phenotypes. aCGH showed a convergent genotype for both xenografts, resembling the original aggressive sarcomatoid cell sub-line. Conclusion: Human mesothelioma xenografts from sarcomatoid and epithelioid phenotypes converged to a similar differentiation state, and genetic analyses suggested that clonal selection in the mouse microenvironment was a major contributing factor. This thoroughly characterized animal model can be used for further studies of molecular events underlying tumor cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Darai-Ramqvist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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11
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Szulkin A, Nilsonne G, Mundt F, Wasik AM, Souri P, Hjerpe A, Dobra K. Variation in drug sensitivity of malignant mesothelioma cell lines with substantial effects of selenite and bortezomib, highlights need for individualized therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65903. [PMID: 23840376 PMCID: PMC3688685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant mesothelioma cells have an epithelioid or sarcomatoid morphology, both of which may be present in the same tumor. The sarcomatoid phenotype is associated with worse prognosis and heterogeneity of mesothelioma cells may contribute to therapy resistance, which is often seen in mesothelioma. This study aimed to investigate differences in sensitivity between mesothelioma cell lines to anti-cancer drugs. We studied two novel drugs, selenite and bortezomib and compared their effect to four conventional drugs. We also investigated the immunoreactivity of potential predictive markers for drug sensitivity; Pgp, MRP-1, ERCC1, RRM1, TS, xCT and proteasome 20S subunit. Materials and methods We treated six mesothelioma cell lines with selenite, bortezomib, carboplatin, pemetrexed, doxorubicin or gemcitabine as single agents and in combinations. Viability was measured after 24 and 48 hours. Immunocytochemistry was used to detect predictive markers. Results As a single agent, selenite was effective on four out of six cell lines, and in combination with bortezomib yielded the greatest response in the studied mesothelioma cell lines. Cells with an epithelioid phenotype were generally more sensitive to the different drugs than the sarcomatoid cells. Extensive S-phase arrest was seen in pemetrexed-sensitive cell lines. MRP-1 predicted sensitivity of cell lines to treatment with carboplatin and xCT predicted pemetrexed effect. Conclusions The observed heterogeneity in sensitivity of mesothelioma cell lines with different morphology highlights the need for more individualized therapy, requiring development of methods to predict drug sensitivity of individual tumors. Selenite and bortezomib showed a superior effect compared to conventional drugs, motivating clinical testing of these agents as future treatment regime components for patients with malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Szulkin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Gustav Nilsonne
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm University, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip Mundt
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agata M. Wasik
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pega Souri
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hjerpe
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katalin Dobra
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Jean D, Daubriac J, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Galateau-Salle F, Jaurand MC. Molecular changes in mesothelioma with an impact on prognosis and treatment. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2012; 136:277-93. [PMID: 22372904 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0215-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In recent decades, research on malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has been developed to improve patients' outcomes by increasing the level of confidence in MPM diagnosis and prognosis. OBJECTIVE To summarize data on genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in MPM that may be of interest for a better management of patients with MPM. DATA SOURCES Data were obtained from scientific publications on genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in MPM by studying gene mutations, DNA methylation, and gene and microRNA expression profiling. CONCLUSIONS Molecular changes in MPM consist in altered expression and in activation or inactivation of critical genes in oncogenesis, especially tumor suppressor genes at the INK4 and NF2 loci. Activation of membrane receptor tyrosine kinases and deregulation of signaling pathways related to differentiation, survival, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle control, metabolism, migration, and invasion have been demonstrated. Alterations that could be targeted at a global level (methylation) have been recently reported. Experimental research has succeeded especially in abolishing proliferation and triggering apoptosis in MPM cells. So far, targeted clinical approaches focusing on receptor tyrosine kinases have had limited success. Molecular analyses of series of MPM cases have shown that defined alterations are present in MPM subsets, consistent with interindividual variations of molecular alterations, and suggesting that identification of patient subgroups will be essential to develop more specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Jean
- INSERM, U, Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S, Paris, France
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13
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Proteasome Inhibitor MG132 Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Invasion of Human Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells. Transl Oncol 2011; 1:129-40. [PMID: 18795123 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.08133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy tightly associated with asbestos exposure. The increasing incidence of MPM and its resistance to all therapeutic modalities necessitate an urgent development of new treatments for MPM. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) have emerged as promising agents for treating human cancers that are refractory to current chemotherapies. In this study, we characterized MG132, a commonly used PI, for its proapoptotic and anti-invasion activities in NCI-H2452 and NCI-H2052 human thoracic MPM cell lines to determine the therapeutic effect of PIs on MPM. We found that as low as 0.5 microM MG132 caused a significant apoptosis in both cell lines as evidenced by DNA damage, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase and caspases 3, 7, and 9, and mitochondrial release of Smac/DIABLO and Cytochrome c. Mitochondrial caspase activation was found to be the underlying mechanism of the MG132-induced apoptosis. Mcl-1, among the Bcl-2 and IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis protein) antiapoptotic family proteins tested, was proved to be a major inhibitor of the MG132-induced apoptosis in MPM cells. Meanwhile, subapoptotic doses of MG132 inhibited the invasion of both MPM cell lines through reducing Rac1 activity. These observations demonstrate that MG132 possesses proapoptotic and anti-invasion activities in human MPM cells, therefore encouraging further investigations on the value of PIs for treating MPM.
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Zucali PA, Ceresoli GL, De Vincenzo F, Simonelli M, Lorenzi E, Gianoncelli L, Santoro A. Advances in the biology of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cancer Treat Rev 2011; 37:543-58. [PMID: 21288646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a highly aggressive cancer with a very poor prognosis. Although the mechanism of carcinogenesis is not fully understood, approximately 80% of malignant pleural mesothelioma can be attributed to asbestos fiber exposure. This disease is largely unresponsive to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and most patients die within 10-17 months of their first symptoms. Currently, malignant pleural mesothelioma therapy is guided by clinical stage and patient characteristics rather than by the histological or molecular features of the tumor. Several molecular pathways involved in malignant pleural mesothelioma have been identified; these include cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, growth factor pathways, and angiogenesis. Unfortunately, several agents targeting these processes, including erlotinib, gefitinib, and imatinib, have proven ineffective in clinical trials. A greater understanding of the molecular pathways involved in malignant pleural mesothelioma is needed to develop better diagnostics, therapeutics, and preventative measures. Moreover, understanding the biological basis of mesothelioma progression may facilitate personalized treatment approaches, and early identification of poor prognostic indicators may help reduce the heterogeneity of the clinical response. This paper reviews advances in the molecular biology of malignant pleural mesothelioma in terms of pathogenesis, the major molecular pathways and the associated therapeutic strategies, and the roles of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Zucali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean A Fennell
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Wu WKK, Cho CH, Lee CW, Wu K, Fan D, Yu J, Sung JJY. Proteasome inhibition: a new therapeutic strategy to cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 2010; 293:15-22. [PMID: 20133049 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a major pathway for protein degradation. Targeting this pathway using proteasome inhibitors represents a novel approach for the treatment of cancer. Proteasome inhibitors lower cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in solid and hematologic malignancies through multiple mechanisms, including stabilization of cell cycle regulators and pro-apoptotic factors, stimulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling, inhibition of protein translation, and sensitization to ligand-induced apoptosis. In this connection, proteasome inhibition activates macroautophagy, a compensatory protein degradation system, as well as other pro-survival signaling pathways. Inhibition of these auto-protective responses sensitizes cancer cells to the anti-proliferative effects of proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ka Kei Wu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Menges CW, Altomare DA, Testa JR. FAS-associated factor 1 (FAF1): diverse functions and implications for oncogenesis. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:2528-34. [PMID: 19597341 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.16.9280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
FAS-associated factor 1, FAF1, is an evolutionarily conserved protein that has several protein interaction domains. Although FAF1 was initially identified as a member of the FAS death-inducing signaling complex, subsequent work has revealed that FAF1 functions in diverse biological processes. FAF1 has been shown to play an important role in normal development and neuronal cell survival, whereas FAF1 downregulation may contribute to multiple aspects of tumorigenesis. In particular, there is compelling evidence implicating FAF1 as a tumor suppressor involved in the regulation of apoptosis and NFkappaB activity, as well as in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Here, we highlight FAF1's role in NFkappaB signaling and postulate that this pathway has critical connotations for the pathogenesis and treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig W Menges
- Human Genetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Sahni SK, Rydkina E, Sahni A. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 induces nuclear translocation of erythroid transcription factor Nrf2 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human vascular endothelial cells. Thromb Res 2008; 122:820-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Malignant Mesothelioma presents with a characteristic heterogeneous growth pattern. Response to treatment is often only partial, which may be related to tumor cell heterogeneity. Molecular screening methods have revealed profound differences in the driving mechanisms of the variously differentiated mesothelioma cells. Characterization of these differences has made it possible to identify novel drug targets which are effective for both phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Dobra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Sartore-Bianchi A, Gasparri F, Galvani A, Nici L, Darnowski JW, Barbone D, Fennell DA, Gaudino G, Porta C, Mutti L. Bortezomib inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB dependent survival and has potent in vivo activity in mesothelioma. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:5942-51. [PMID: 17908991 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Purpose of this study has been the assessment of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) as a survival factor in human mesothelial cells (HMC), transformed HMC and malignant mesothelioma (MMe) cells. We aimed at verifying whether the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib could abrogate NF-kappaB activity in MMe cells, leading to tumor cell death and may be established as a novel treatment for this aggressive neoplasm. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In HMC and MMe cells, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and DNA binding were studied by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, following treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The IKK inhibitor Bay11-7082 was also tested to evaluate its effects on HMC, transformed HMC, and MMe cell viability upon exposure to asbestos fibers. Following Bortezomib treatment, cytotoxicity of MMe cells was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, whereas apoptosis and cell-cycle blockade were investigated by high-content analysis. Bortezomib was also given to mice bearing i.p. xenografts of MMe cells, and its effects on tumor growth were evaluated. RESULTS Here, we show that NF-kappaB activity is a constitutive survival factor in transformed HMC, MMe cells, and acts as a survival factor in HMC exposed to asbestos fibers. Bortezomib inhibits NF-kappaB activity in MMe cells and induces cell cycle blockade and apoptosis in vitro as well as tumor growth inhibition in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of NF-kappaB constitutive activation in MMe cells by Bortezomib resulted in in vitro cytotoxicity along with apoptosis and in vivo tumor regression. Our results support the use of Bortezomib in the treatment of MMe and has led to a phase II clinical trial currently enrolling in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sartore-Bianchi
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo University Hospital, 1-27100 Pavia [corrected] Italy
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CEP-18770: A novel, orally active proteasome inhibitor with a tumor-selective pharmacologic profile competitive with bortezomib. Blood 2007; 111:2765-75. [PMID: 18057228 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-07-100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulating protein ubiquitination via proteasome inhibition represents a promising target for cancer therapy, because of the higher sensitivity of cancer cells to the cytotoxic effects of proteasome inhibition. Here we show that CEP-18770 is a novel orally-active inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome that down-modulates the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity and the expression of several NF-kappaB downstream effectors. CEP-18770 induces apoptotic cell death in multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines and in primary purified CD138-positive explant cultures from untreated and bortezomib-treated MM patients. In vitro, CEP-18770 has a strong antiangiogenic activity and potently represses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Importantly, CEP-18770 exhibits a favorable cytotoxicity profile toward normal human epithelial cells, bone marrow progenitors, and bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Intravenous and oral administration of CEP-18770 resulted in a more sustained pharmacodynamic inhibition of proteasome activity in tumors relative to normal tissues, complete tumor regression of MM xenografts and improved overall median survival in a systemic model of human MM. Collectively, these findings provide evidence for the utility of CEP-18770 as a novel orally active proteasome inhibitor with a favorable tumor selectivity profile for the treatment of MM and other malignancies responsive to proteasome inhibition.
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Margery J, Ruffié P. [Malignant pleural mesothelioma: interrogations and hopes concerning the expected epidemic]. REVUE DE PNEUMOLOGIE CLINIQUE 2007; 63:354-364. [PMID: 18166941 DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8417(07)78422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare incurable tumor. Interest in MPM has increased in recent years due to a steadily increasing incidence subsequent to the intensive use of asbestosis, the main causal agent, but also due to better awareness in the political and scientific communities faced with a serious public health issue. Our knowledge of MPM has improved regularly in terms of pathologic diagnosis and the mechanisms underlying the mesothelial carcinogenesis. MPM is also the subject of many technological innovations as illustrated by the recent identification of new biological markers, access to metabolic imaging, and clinical research on targeted treatments. Proper management implies the participation of the general population since the implementation of administrative procedures for social indemnities. In 2007, a more aggressive therapeutic approach is becoming common practice with the use of radiotherapy and the emergence of the concept of multimodal care centered on wide pleuropneumonectomy. These advances create real hope for improvement, but also many interrogations since no standard treatment protocol has been clearly identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Margery
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, 92140 Clamart.
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Gordon GJ, Mani M, Maulik G, Mukhopadhyay L, Yeap BY, Kindler HL, Salgia R, Sugarbaker DJ, Bueno R. Preclinical studies of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 61:549-58. [PMID: 17522864 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly lethal neoplasm that is resistant to chemotherapy. Bortezomib is an FDA-approved proteasome inhibitor that is currently under clinical investigation in multiple neoplasms but has not been studied extensively in MPM. In this report, we determine the biological and molecular response of cultured MPM cells to bortezomib alone and in combination with cisplatin or pemetrexed. We used four MPM cell lines (MS589, H28, H2052, JMN), a normal mesothelial cell line (HM3), and a lung cancer cell line (H23) in survival studies utilizing bortezomib, cisplatin, and pemetrexed alone and in combination by administering concurrently or by varying the order of administration. We determined the effect of bortezomib on the cell cycle, apoptosis, and on the expression of cell cycle proteins p21/WAF1 and p27/KIP1 and on apoptosis-related proteins IAP-1, IAP-2, survivin, and XIAP. Bortezomib was highly cytotoxic to MPM cells and induced both G(2)/M and G(1)/S cell cycle arrest. Apoptosis increased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in 3 of 4 MPM cell lines. Bortezomib stabilized or increased protein levels of p21/WAF1 and IAP-1 and to a lesser degree p27/KIP1, IAP-2, XIAP, and survivin. In combination studies with cisplatin, bortezomib was generally synergistic at high concentrations and antagonistic at low concentrations. Bortezomib increased the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and pemetrexed in a concentration-dependent manner when administered prior to either. Bortezomib may improve outcome in MPM patients alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy but the order of administration is likely to be important. This study justifies further evaluation of bortezomib in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J Gordon
- The Thoracic Surgery Oncology Laboratory and the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Zucali PA, Giaccone G. Biology and management of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42:2706-14. [PMID: 16989994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive tumour, with a poor prognosis and an increasing incidence as a result of widespread exposure to asbestos. The results of the treatments available are poor. Surgery and radiotherapy have a limited role in highly selected patients and systemic therapy is the only potential treatment option for the majority of patients. Despite some definite activity of the novel antifolates such as pemetrexed and raltitrexed, the results, even in combination with platinating agents, are still modest, with a median survival of approximately one year. The better understanding of the biology of mesothelioma makes the assessment of a number of targeted agents particularly interesting. Unfortunately, the targeted agents imatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib and thalidomide have been shown to be ineffective in unselected patients. Studies with anti-angiogenesis agents are ongoing. An improvement of the knowledge of major molecular pathways involved in malignant mesothelioma is needed in order to define proper targets for the systemic treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo A Zucali
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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