1
|
Tugizov S. Virus-associated disruption of mucosal epithelial tight junctions and its role in viral transmission and spread. Tissue Barriers 2021; 9:1943274. [PMID: 34241579 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.19432749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal, airway, intestinal, and genital mucosal epithelia are the main portals of entry for the majority of human pathogenic viruses. To initiate systemic infection, viruses must first be transmitted across the mucosal epithelium and then spread across the body. However, mucosal epithelia have well-developed tight junctions, which have a strong barrier function that plays a critical role in preventing the spread and dissemination of viral pathogens. Viruses can overcome these barriers by disrupting the tight junctions of mucosal epithelia, which facilitate paracellular viral penetration and initiate systemic disease. Disruption of tight and adherens junctions may also release the sequestered viral receptors within the junctional areas, and liberation of hidden receptors may facilitate viral infection of mucosal epithelia. This review focuses on possible molecular mechanisms of virus-associated disruption of mucosal epithelial junctions and its role in transmucosal viral transmission and spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharof Tugizov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tugizov S. Virus-associated disruption of mucosal epithelial tight junctions and its role in viral transmission and spread. Tissue Barriers 2021; 9:1943274. [PMID: 34241579 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1943274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal, airway, intestinal, and genital mucosal epithelia are the main portals of entry for the majority of human pathogenic viruses. To initiate systemic infection, viruses must first be transmitted across the mucosal epithelium and then spread across the body. However, mucosal epithelia have well-developed tight junctions, which have a strong barrier function that plays a critical role in preventing the spread and dissemination of viral pathogens. Viruses can overcome these barriers by disrupting the tight junctions of mucosal epithelia, which facilitate paracellular viral penetration and initiate systemic disease. Disruption of tight and adherens junctions may also release the sequestered viral receptors within the junctional areas, and liberation of hidden receptors may facilitate viral infection of mucosal epithelia. This review focuses on possible molecular mechanisms of virus-associated disruption of mucosal epithelial junctions and its role in transmucosal viral transmission and spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharof Tugizov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bostan M, Petrică-Matei GG, Ion G, Radu N, Mihăilă M, Hainăroşie R, Braşoveanu LI, Roman V, Constantin C, Neagu MT. Cisplatin effect on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells is modulated by ERK1/2 protein kinases. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:5041-5051. [PMID: 31798724 PMCID: PMC6880449 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) are key transducers of the extracellular signals into intracellular responses and represent major molecular players in tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to determine how curcumin (CRM) used as an adjuvant supports the apoptotic process induced by a single chemical agent treatment (cisplatin-CisPT) on two head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (FaDu and PE/CA-PJ49) and the involvement of ERK1/2 and/or p53 activation in this process. Data have shown that the CisPt effect is potentiated by CRM. CRM induced an increase of p53 protein phosphorylation in both cell lines. CisPt decreased p53 protein phosphorylation in FaDu cells, but increased it in PE/CA-PJ49 cells. Data showed that the constitutive expression of activated ERK1/2 protein-kinase was different in the two analyzed tumor cell lines. ERK1/2 activation status was essential for both cell processes, proliferation and apoptosis induced by CisPt and/or CRM treatment on squamous cell carcinoma cells. Our data suggest that p53 phosphorylation in the apoptotic process induced by CRM treatment might require the involvement of ERK1/2. In this regard the CisPt treatment suggested that p53 phosphorylation is ERK1/2 independent in FaDu cells having a p53 gene deletion and ERK1/2 dependent in PE/CA-PJ49 cells having a p53 gene amplification. Moreover, in both tumor cell lines our results support the involvement of p53 phosphorylation-ERK1/2 activation-dependent in the apoptosis induced by combined treatments (CisPt and CRM). The use of CRM as adjuvant could increase the efficiency of chemotherapy by modulating cellular activation processes of ERK1/2 signaling pathways. In conclusion, the particular mode of intervention by which ERK1/2 might influence cell proliferation and/or apoptosis processes depends on the type of therapeutic agent, the cells' particularities, and the activation status of the ERK1/2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marinela Bostan
- ‘Stefan S. Nicolau’ Institute of Virology, Center of Immunology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Immunology, ‘Victor Babeș’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Gabriela Ion
- ‘Stefan S. Nicolau’ Institute of Virology, Center of Immunology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Radu
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Βucharest, Romania
- Biotechnology Department and National Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry R&D of Bucharest, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirela Mihăilă
- ‘Stefan S. Nicolau’ Institute of Virology, Center of Immunology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Răzvan Hainăroşie
- ‘Prof. Dr. Dorin Hociotă’ Institute of Phonoaudiology and Functional ENT Surgery, 061344 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Viviana Roman
- ‘Stefan S. Nicolau’ Institute of Virology, Center of Immunology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Department of Immunology, ‘Victor Babeș’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Teodora Neagu
- Department of Immunology, ‘Victor Babeș’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Cui N, Zheng PS, Yang WT. BMX/Etk promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenicity of cervical cancer cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3 pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49238-49252. [PMID: 28514765 PMCID: PMC5564764 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow X-linked kinase (BMX, also known as Etk) has been reported to be involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in several types of tumors, but its role in cervical carcinoma remains poorly understood. In this study, we showed that BMX expression exhibits a gradually increasing trend from normal cervical tissue to cervical cancer in situ and then to invasive cervical cancer tissue. Through BMX-IN-1, a potent and irreversible BMX kinase inhibitor, inhibited the expression of BMX, the cell proliferation was significantly decreased. Knockdown of BMX in HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cell lines using two different silencing technologies, TALEN and shRNA, inhibited cell growth in vitro and suppressed xenograft tumor formation in vivo, whereas overexpression of BMX in the cell line C-33A significantly increased cell proliferation. Furthermore, a mechanism study showed that silencing BMX blocked cell cycle transit from G0/G1 to S or G2/M phase, and knockdown of BMX inhibited the expression of p-AKT and p-STAT3. These results suggested that BMX can promote cell proliferation through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3 signaling pathways in cervical cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Cui
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,Section of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of The People's Republic of China, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ting Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin W, Feng M, Chen G, Zhou Z, Li J, Ye Y. Characterization of the microRNA profile in early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma by next-generation sequencing. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1477-1486. [PMID: 28098890 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is histologically the most prominent type of cervical cancer. There is accumulating evidence suggesting that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in the biological processes of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Deciphering the miRNA regulatory network in CSCC could deepen our understanding at the molecular level of CSCC initiation and progression. In the present study, we performed next‑generation sequencing (NGS) to profile miRNA expression in 3 pairs of early-stage CSCC samples. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify primary findings in another 20 pairs of CSCC samples. We identified 37 known miRNAs that exhibited significant alterations in expression (2-fold change or greater), among which 8 miRNAs were upregulated and 29 miRNAs were downregulated. Nine of these miRNAs were selected for further qRT-PCR validation. A novel miRNA candidate was also reported for the first time in the present study to be upregulated. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that its target genes were involved in MAPK, calcium and adherent junction signaling pathways. The present study systematically characterized the miRNA expression variation in early-stage CSCC and provides novel biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment as well as an opportunity for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and development of CSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wansong Lin
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Mei Feng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Guilin Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Jieyu Li
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Yunbin Ye
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma T, Zhang WN, Yang L, Zhang C, Lin R, Shan SM, Zhu MD, Luo JG, Kong LY. Cytotoxic withanolides from Physalis angulata var. villosa and the apoptosis-inducing effect via ROS generation and the activation of MAPK in human osteosarcoma cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08574a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physagulide I induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via ROS generation and the activation of MAPK in human osteosarcoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Ming Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Di Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Zheng Y, Fan Q, Zhang X, Shi Y. siRNA blocking the RAS signalling pathway and inhibits the growth of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in nude mice. Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 32:625-9. [PMID: 25430959 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Wang
- Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Department; First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan China 450052
| | - Yuling Zheng
- Department of Oncology; First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan China 450052
| | - Qingxia Fan
- Department of Oncology; First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan China 450052
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Oncology; First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan China 450052
| | - Yonggang Shi
- Department of Radiotherapy; First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan China 450052
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The activation of p38 and JNK by ROS, contribute to OLO-2-mediated intrinsic apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 63:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
9
|
Li D, Wen X, Ghali L, Al-Shalabi FM, Docherty SM, Purkis P, Iles RK. hCG beta expression by cervical squamous carcinoma--in vivo histological association with tumour invasion and apoptosis. Histopathology 2008; 53:147-55. [PMID: 18752498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2008.03082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the correlation of beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG beta) expression by cervical carcinomas with measures of tumour apoptosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty-nine cervical carcinoma patients' samples were subject to hCG beta immunohistochemistry and scored with respect to intensity of immunopositivity and percentage of positive cells. Apoptosis was evaluated by three independent parameters: morphological characteristics [haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)], terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) immunopositivity. Of the 12 adenocarcinomas, only one (8%) was hCG beta+. However, 87% (61/70) of the squamous cell and 100% (7/7) of adenosquamous cell carcinomas were hCG beta+. hCG beta reactivity and intensity was predominantly confined to peripheral tumour cells at the stromal-epithelial interface. Correlation analysis showed that H&E and PARP apoptotic immunopositivity negatively correlated with hCG beta expression (P < 0.001 and P = 0.028 respectively), whereas TUNEL did not (P = 0.12). However, immunopositivity for apoptotic cells by TUNEL was significantly less in tumours where hCG beta expression was greater (scoring >or= 6) and vice versa. hCG beta immunopositivity was also observed in newly formed blood vessels, as well as tumour cells within lymphatic vessels. When tumour vascularization was taken into account, samples with noted vascularization positively correlated with hCG beta scoring. CONCLUSIONS hCG beta expression correlates with reduced tumour cell apoptosis and may be involved in tumour vascularization and dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Li
- Biomedical Science, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Health and Social Science, Middlesex University, Enfield, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Henkens R, Delvenne P, Arafa M, Moutschen M, Zeddou M, Tautz L, Boniver J, Mustelin T, Rahmouni S. Cervix carcinoma is associated with an up-regulation and nuclear localization of the dual-specificity protein phosphatase VHR. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:147. [PMID: 18505570 PMCID: PMC2413255 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 21-kDa Vaccinia virus VH1-related (VHR) dual-specific protein phosphatase (encoded by the DUSP3 gene) plays a critical role in cell cycle progression and is itself regulated during the cell cycle. We have previously demonstrated using RNA interference that cells lacking VHR arrest in the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle and show signs of beginning of cell senescence. Methods In this report, we evaluated successfully the expression levels of VHR protein in 62 hysterectomy or conization specimens showing the various (pre) neoplastic cervical epithelial lesions and 35 additional cases of hysterectomy performed for non-cervical pathologies, from patients under 50 years of age. We used a tissue microarray and IHC technique to evaluate the expression of the VHR phosphatase. Immunofluorescence staining under confocal microscopy, Western blotting and RT-PCR methods were used to investigate the localization and expression levels of VHR. Results We report that VHR is upregulated in (pre) neoplastic lesions (squamous intraepithelial lesions; SILs) of the uterine cervix mainly in high grade SIL (H-SIL) compared to normal exocervix. In the invasive cancer, VHR is also highly expressed with nuclear localization in the majority of cells compared to normal tissue where VHR is always in the cytoplasm. We also report that this phosphatase is highly expressed in several cervix cancer cell lines such as HeLa, SiHa, CaSki, C33 and HT3 compared to primary keratinocytes. The immunofluorescence technique under confocal microscopy shows that VHR has a cytoplasmic localization in primary keratinocytes, while it localizes in both cytoplasm and nucleus of the cancer cell lines investigated. We report that the up-regulation of this phosphatase is mainly due to its post-translational stabilization in the cancer cell lines compared to primary keratinocytes rather than increases in the transcription of DUSP3 locus. Conclusion These results together suggest that VHR can be considered as a new marker for cancer progression in cervix carcinoma and potential new target for anticancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Henkens
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-R, Liège University, Liège, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|