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Han L, Ma F, He P, Zhou Q, Li Z, Sun S. Multi-spectroscopic characterization of organic salt components in medicinal plant. Food Chem 2024; 450:139195. [PMID: 38615525 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The characterization of structure of organic salts in complex mixtures has been a difficult problem in analytical chemistry. In the analysis of Scutellariae Radix (SR), the pharmacopoeia of many countries stipulates that the quality control component is baicalin (≥9% by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)). The component with highest response in SR was also baicalin detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). However, in the attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the carbonyl peak of glucuronic acid of baicalin did not appear in SR. The results of element analysis, time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance all supported the existence of baicalin magnesium salt. Based on this, this study proposes an analysis strategy guided by infrared spectroscopy and combined with multi-spectroscopy techniques to analyze the structure of organic salt components in medicinal plant. It is meaningful for the research of mechanisms, development of new drugs, and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fang Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zhanping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Suqin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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2
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Wang X, Wang Y, Chen J, Wang Q, Liu Z, Yin Y, Yang T, Shen T, Sa Y. On the mechanism of wogonin against acute monocytic leukemia using network pharmacology and experimental validation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10114. [PMID: 38698063 PMCID: PMC11065882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Wogonin is a natural flavone compound from the plant Scutellaria baicalensis, which has a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-virus, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulation. However, the potential mechanism of wogonin remains unknown. This study was to confirm the molecular mechanism of wogonin for acute monocytic leukemia treatment, known as AML-M5. The potential action targets between wogonin and acute monocytic leukemia were predicted from databases. The compound-target-pathway network and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) were constructed. The enrichment analysis of related targets and molecular docking were performed. The network pharmacological results of wogonin for AML-M5 treatment were verified using the THP-1 cell line. 71 target genes of wogonin associated with AML-M5 were found. The key genes TP53, SRC, AKT1, RELA, HSP90AA1, JUN, PIK3R1, and CCND1 were preliminarily found to be the potential central targets of wogonin for AML-M5 treatment. The PPI network analysis, GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was the significant pathway in the wogonin for AML-M5 treatment. The antiproliferative effects of wogonin on THP-1 cells of AML-M5 presented a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, inducing apoptosis, blocking the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, decreasing the expressions of CCND1, CDK2, and CyclinA2 mRNA, as well as AKT and p-AKT proteins. The mechanisms of wogonin on AML-M5 treatment may be associated with inhibiting cell proliferation and regulating the cell cycle via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Wang
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, 650032, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, 650032, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, 650032, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qinyao Wang
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, 650032, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhongjian Liu
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yijie Yin
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, 650032, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yalian Sa
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, 650032, China.
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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3
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Jiang L, Gao Y, Han L, Zhang W, Fan P. Designing plant flavonoids: harnessing transcriptional regulation and enzyme variation to enhance yield and diversity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1220062. [PMID: 37575923 PMCID: PMC10420081 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1220062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology has emerged as a powerful and promising approach to enhance the production of value-added metabolites in plants. Flavonoids, a class of plant secondary metabolites, offer numerous health benefits and have attracted attention for their potential use in plant-based products. However, achieving high yields of specific flavonoids remains challenging due to the complex and diverse metabolic pathways involved in their biosynthesis. In recent years, synthetic biology approaches leveraging transcription factors and enzyme diversity have demonstrated promise in enhancing flavonoid yields and expanding their production repertoire. This review delves into the latest research progress in flavonoid metabolic engineering, encompassing the identification and manipulation of transcription factors and enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, as well as the deployment of synthetic biology tools for designing metabolic pathways. This review underscores the importance of employing carefully-selected transcription factors to boost plant flavonoid production and harnessing enzyme promiscuity to broaden flavonoid diversity or streamline the biosynthetic steps required for effective metabolic engineering. By harnessing the power of synthetic biology and a deeper understanding of flavonoid biosynthesis, future researchers can potentially transform the landscape of plant-based product development across the food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, ultimately benefiting consumers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leiqin Han
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengxiang Fan
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Geng D, Wang R, Zhang Y, Lu H, Dong H, Liu W, Guo L, Wang X. A 13-LOX participates in the biosynthesis of JAs and is related to the accumulation of baicalein and wogonin in Scutellaria baicalensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1204616. [PMID: 37521913 PMCID: PMC10373884 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1204616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Although baicalein and wogonin contents in Scutellaria baicalensis, a traditional Chinese herb, are known to be regulated by jasmonic acid, the exact mechanism by which jasmonic acid regulates the accumulation of baicalein and wogonin remains unclear. In this study, we discovered SbLOX3, a gene encoding 13-lipoxygenase from the roots of S. baicalensis, which plays an important role in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid. The contents of methyl jasmonate, baicalin, wogonin, and three metabolic intermediates of methyl jasmonate, 13-HPOT, OPDA, and OPC-8, were downregulated in the hair roots of the SbLOX3 RNAi lines. We confirmed that SbLOX3 was induced by drought stress simulated by PEG and Fusarium oxysporum, which subsequently led to changes in the content of MeJA, baicalin, and wogonin. Taken together, our results indicate that a 13-LOX is involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid, and regulates the accumulation of baicalein and wogonin in S. baicalensis roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Geng
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Rongyu Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Heng Lu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Hongjing Dong
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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5
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Geng D, Jiang M, Dong H, Wang R, Lu H, Liu W, Guo L, Huang L, Xiao W. MeJA regulates the accumulation of baicalein and other 4'-hydroxyflavones during the hollowed root development in Scutellaria baicalensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1067847. [PMID: 36684750 PMCID: PMC9853287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1067847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis are important traditional Chinese medicine used to treat liver and lung inflammation. An anomalous structure, hollowed root, was discovered in perennial cultivated Scutellaria baicalensis. The presence of the hollow may change the contents of bioactive metabolites, such as baicalein, and other 4'-hydroxyflavones in Scutellaria baicalensis roots, but the relationship between the hollowed root and bioactive metabolite contents is poorly understood. In this study, we identified the anatomical structure of the hollowed root and detected differentially accumulating flavonoid metabolites and enzymes related to 4'-hydroxyflavone biosynthesis in 3-year-old roots with a hollow. We confirmed that methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induced the accumulation of 4'-hydroxyflavones and the expression of enzymes related to 4'-hydroxyflavone biosynthesis in hydroponically cultured Scutellaria baicalensis roots. The development of the hollowed root were divided into 4 stages. The 4'-hydroxyflavone contents and expression of enzymes related to 4'-hydroxyflavone biosynthesis increased synchronously with the content of MeJA during the development of hollowed root. Pathogen and programed-cell-death related genes were induced during hollowed root development. Taken together, our results provide novel insight into the importance of MeJA in the development of hollowed root and the accumulation of 4'-hydroxyflavones in Scutellaria baicalensis roots. Our results suggest that a pathogen and senescence are the two major causes for the development of hollowed root in Scutellaria baicalensis roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Geng
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Hongjing Dong
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Rongyu Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Heng Lu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Xiao
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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6
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Wang D, Li Y. Pharmacological effects of baicalin in lung diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1188202. [PMID: 37168996 PMCID: PMC10164968 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1188202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavonoids baicalin and baicalein were discovered in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and are primarily used in traditional Chinese medicine, herbal supplements and healthcare. Recently, accumulated investigations have demonstrated the therapeutic benefits of baicalin in treating various lung diseases due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, anticancer, and antiviral effects. In this review, the PubMed database and ClinicalTrials website were searched with the search string "baicalin" and "lung" for articles published between September 1970 and March 2023. We summarized the therapeutic role that baicalin plays in a variety of lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary infections, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, and lung cancer. We also discussed the underlying mechanisms of baicalin targeting in these lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoning Wang
- Chengdu Hi-tech Nanxili Jiuzheng Clinic, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Chengdu Hi-tech Nanxili Jiuzheng Clinic, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Li, /
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7
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Wang D, Chen MW, Wei YJ, Geng WB, Hu Y, Luo Z, Cai KY. Construction of Wogonin Nanoparticle-Containing Strontium-Doped Nanoporous Structure on Titanium Surface to Promote Osteoporosis Fracture Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201405. [PMID: 36048734 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
M2 polarization of macrophage is an important immunomodulatory event that attenuates inflammation. To regulate the immune microenvironment in osteoporotic conditions for enhancing bone healing, strontium-doped nano-structure is fabricated on the surface of titanium implant via microarc oxidation and electrochemical deposition technology, followed by the addition of multiplayer coatings embedded with silk fibroin-based wogonin nanoparticles (Ti-MAO/Sr/LBLWNP ) by layer-by-layer self-assembly technique (LBL). It is found that Ti-MAO/Sr/LBLWNP can release wogonin and Sr2+ in a sustainable manner for more than 7 and 21 days. In vitro studies show that Ti-MAO/Sr/LBLWNP significantly upregulates the expression of CD206 while reducing the expression of CD86. Meanwhile, Ti-MAO/Sr/LBLWNP can promote the expression level of M2 macrophage anti-inflammatory factor (TGF-β1, Arg-1), which improves the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts through paracrine signaling. Compared to bare titanium, Ti-MAO/Sr/LBLWNP significantly inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors around the implant and effectively promotes new bone formation at pre-implant interface after implantation for 4 weeks. This study provides a simple and effective method to develop functional titanium alloy materials for osteoporotic fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Bo Geng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Yong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
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8
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Costine B, Zhang M, Chhajed S, Pearson B, Chen S, Nadakuduti SS. Exploring native Scutellaria species provides insight into differential accumulation of flavones with medicinal properties. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13201. [PMID: 35915209 PMCID: PMC9343603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis is a well-studied medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, prized for the unique 4′-deoxyflavones produced in its roots. In this study, three native species to the Americas, S. lateriflora, S. arenicola, and S. integrifolia were identified by DNA barcoding, and phylogenetic relationships were established with other economically important Lamiaceae members. Furthermore, flavone profiles of native species were explored. 4′-deoxyflavones including baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, wogonoside, chrysin and 4′-hydroxyflavones, scutellarein, scutellarin, and apigenin, were quantified from leaves, stems, and roots. Qualitative, and quantitative differences were identified in their flavone profiles along with characteristic tissue-specific accumulation. 4′-deoxyflavones accumulated in relatively high concentrations in root tissues compared to aerial tissues in all species except S. lateriflora. Baicalin, the most abundant 4′-deoxyflavone detected, was localized in the roots of S. baicalensis and leaves of S. lateriflora, indicating differential accumulation patterns between the species. S. arenicola and S. integrifolia are phylogenetically closely related with similar flavone profiles and distribution patterns. Additionally, the S. arenicola leaf flavone profile was dominated by two major unknown peaks, identified using LC–MS/MS to most likely be luteolin-7-O-glucuronide and 5,7,2′-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone 7-O-glucuronide. Collectively, results presented in this study suggest an evolutionary divergence of flavonoid metabolic pathway in the Scutellaria genus of Lamiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Costine
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mengzi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, USA
| | - Shweta Chhajed
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian Pearson
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Satya Swathi Nadakuduti
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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9
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Han L, Yuan Y, Chen X, Huang J, Wang G, Zhou C, Dong J, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Yin H, Jiang Y. A Candidate Drug Screen Strategy: The Discovery of Oroxylin A in Scutellariae Radix Against Sepsis via the Correlation Analysis Between Plant Metabolomics and Pharmacodynamics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:861105. [PMID: 35662699 PMCID: PMC9160923 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.861105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an acute systemic infectious disease with high mortality, which urgently needs more effective treatment. Scutellariae radix (SR), a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for clearing heat and detoxification, contains rich natural products possessing anti-inflammatory activity. In previous studies, it was found that the anti-inflammatory activities of SR extracts from different ecological conditions varied wildly. Based on this, in the present study, a screening strategy of antisepsis active components from SR based on correlation analysis between plant metabolomics and pharmacodynamics was established, and the mechanism was explored. First of all, a mass spectrum database of SR (above 240 components) was established to lay the foundation for the identification of plant metabolomics by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Through the correlation analysis between plant metabolomics and anti-inflammatory activity of SR from different ecology regions, 10 potential components with high correlation coefficients were preliminarily screened out. After the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity and toxicity at the cellular level, the pharmacodynamic evaluation in vivo found that oroxylin A had the potentiality of antisepsis both in LPS- and CLP-induced endotoxemia mice. Network pharmacology and Western blot (WB) results indicated that oroxylin A significantly inhibited the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway, which was further confirmed by secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) assay. Moreover, the molecular docking analysis indicated that oroxylin A might competitively inhibit LPS binding to myeloid differentiation 2 (MD-2) to block the activation of TLR4. The study provided a feasible research strategy for the screening and discovery of antisepsis candidate drugs from TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Chinese Materia Medica, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Chinese Materia Medica, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Chinese Materia Medica, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Guan Wang
- Beijing Huisheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Waters Technologies (Shanghai) Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jianjian Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Chinese Materia Medica, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Chinese Materia Medica, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Chinese Materia Medica, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Chinese Materia Medica, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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10
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Banik K, Khatoon E, Harsha C, Rana V, Parama D, Thakur KK, Bishayee A, Kunnumakkara AB. Wogonin and its analogs for the prevention and treatment of cancer: A systematic review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1854-1883. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Elina Khatoon
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Krishan Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic medicine Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine Bradenton Florida USA
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
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11
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Gu Y, Yu J, Ding C, Zhou Y, Yang J, Yu W, Zhang X, Huang H. Flavonoid GL-V9 suppresses invasion and migration of human colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting PI3K/Akt and MMP-2/9 signaling. J Cancer 2021; 12:4542-4551. [PMID: 34149918 PMCID: PMC8210567 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor distant metastasis is the primary cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. GL-V9 is a newly synthesized flavonoid derivative with several beneficial biological functions including anti-tumor and anti-inflammation. However, the anti-metastatic effect of GL-V9 and related mechanisms in CRC remains unknown. In this study, the anti-invasive and anti-migratory activities of GL-V9 were investigated in CRC cells. Using MTT assay, cell wound healing assay, and transwell migration assay, we showed that GL-V9 suppressed CRC cell viability, migration, and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the protein expression levels as well as activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were significantly reduced after GL-V9 treatment. Further analysis of the underlying mechanism revealed that GL-V9 inhibited PI3K/Akt signaling pathway upstream of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that GL-V9 could suppress CRC cell invasion and migration through PI3K/Ak and MMP-2/9 axis. Therefore, GL-V9 might be a potential novel therapeutic agent against CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical school of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jiejie Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China
| | - Cong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China
| | - Jiangfeng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China
| | - WeiPing Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical school of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China
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12
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Sirong S, Yang C, Taoran T, Songhang L, Shiyu L, Yuxin Z, Xiaoru S, Tao Z, Yunfeng L, Xiaoxiao C. Effects of tetrahedral framework nucleic acid/wogonin complexes on osteoarthritis. Bone Res 2020; 8:6. [PMID: 32047705 PMCID: PMC7010777 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, a disorder characterized by articular cartilage deterioration, varying degrees of inflammation, and chondrocyte apoptosis, is the most common chronic joint disease. To slow or reverse its progression, inflammation should be inhibited, and chondrocyte proliferation should be promoted. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids can be internalized by chondrocytes (even inflammatory chondrocytes) and can enhance their proliferation and migration. Wogonin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, suppresses oxidative stress and inhibits inflammation. In this study, tetrahedral framework nucleic acids were successfully self-assembled and used to load wogonin. We confirmed the effective formation of tetrahedral framework nucleic acid/wogonin complexes by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectrophotometry. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids, wogonin, and especially tetrahedral framework nucleic acid/wogonin complexes effectively alleviated inflammation in vitro and in vivo and prevented cartilage destruction. In addition, these materials remarkably downregulated the expression of inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases, upregulated chondrogenic markers, and promoted tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and B-cell lymphoma 2 expression. In vivo, after treatment with tetrahedral framework nucleic acid/wogonin complexes, the bone mineral density in regenerated tissues was much higher than that found in the untreated groups. Histologically, the complexes enhanced new tissue regeneration, significantly suppressed chondrocyte apoptosis, and promoted chondrogenic marker expression. They also inhibited cell apoptosis, increased chondrogenic marker expression, and suppressed the expression of inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis. Therefore, we believe that tetrahedral framework nucleic acid/wogonin complexes can be used as an injectable form of therapy for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Sirong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hosptial of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Tian Taoran
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hosptial of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Li Songhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hosptial of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Lin Shiyu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hosptial of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Zhang Yuxin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hosptial of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Shao Xiaoru
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hosptial of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Zhang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hosptial of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Lin Yunfeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hosptial of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Cai Xiaoxiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hosptial of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
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13
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Huang TH, Wu TH, Guo YH, Li TL, Chan YL, Wu CJ. The concurrent treatment of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi enhances the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin but also attenuates chemotherapy-induced cachexia and acute kidney injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 243:112075. [PMID: 31291609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cisplatin is an important chemotherapy to lung cancer, but it usually induces severe cachexia and acute kidney injury in patients. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SB), commonly known as a skullcap, is a popular Chinese herbal medicine mainly used to treat inflammation, infection, and malignancy. In this study, we report the synergic effect of SB and cisplatin to Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells, and the ameliorative effect of SB to cisplatin-induced cachexia and acute kidney injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract of SB was applied by water boiling and lyophilization. The MTS assay was used to exam the in-vitro effects of SB and cisplatin on the LLC viability. In the animal experiment, male C57BL/6J mice were inoculated with LLC cells, and then treated by cisplatin intraperitoneally and the SB extract orally. Tumor volume, weights of tumor, murine body, white adipose tissue and gastrocnemius muscle, as well as serum levels of BUN and creatinine were measured during the experiment. Murine kidney sample was observed after the H&E and annexin V staining. RESULTS SB provided an enhancement of cisplatin action to inhibit tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. In the animal experiment, SB improved the loss of murine body weight and gastrocnemius muscle, the elevating BUN level, and the apoptosis of renal tubular cells in mice receiving cisplatin therapy. Meanwhile, the current treatment of SB did not further interfere with the blood cell counts of mice receiving chemotherapy. CONCLUSION SB can enhance the anti-cancer effect of cisplatin. It also attenuates cisplatin-induced cachexia and acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, 20401, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, 11219, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Wu
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan; Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Guo
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11114, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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14
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Zuk M, Szperlik J, Hnitecka A, Szopa J. Temporal biosynthesis of flavone constituents in flax growth stages. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:234-245. [PMID: 31323536 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that chalcone synthase (chs) silencing in flax (Linum usitatisimum) induces a signal transduction cascade that leads to extensive modification of plant metabolism. Result presented in the current study, performed on field grown flax plants - (across the whole vegetation period) demonstrates that, in addition to its role in tannin and lignin biosynthesis, the chs gene also participates in the regulation of flavone biosynthesis during plant growth. Apigenin and luteolin glycosides constitute the flavones, the major group of flavonoids in flax. Alterations in their levels correlate with plant growth, peaking at the flower initiation stage. Suppression of chs gene expression causes significant changes in the ratio of flavone constituents at the early stage of flax growth. A significant correlation between flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) gene expression and accumulation of luteolin glycosides has been found, indicating that flavone biosynthesis during flax growth and development is regulated by temporal expression of this gene. The lack of such a correlation between the flavone synthase (FNS) gene and flavone accumulation in the course of plant growth suggests that the main route of flavone biosynthesis is mediated by eriodictyol. This is the first report indicating the ratio of flavone constituents as a potent marker of flax growth stages and temporal expression of F3'H, the key gene of their biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland; Linum Foundation, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jakub Szperlik
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Hnitecka
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Linum Foundation, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363, Wroclaw, Poland
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15
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Kim HI, Hong SH, Ku JM, Lim YS, Lee SJ, Song J, Kim TY, Cheon C, Ko SG. Scutellaria Radix Promotes Apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells via Induction of AMPK-Dependent Autophagy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:691-705. [PMID: 30974965 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Scutellaria Radix (SR) is an herb traditionally used in Asian countries to treat inflammatory diseases. Recent studies report that SR exhibits anticancer activities in various types of tumors. In this study, we investigated the apoptotic and autophagic effect of SR in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the leading cause of cancer-associated death. Treatment of SR in two NSCLC cell lines, H358 and H2087 cells resulted in suppressed cell viability. Western blot assays showed increased expressions of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), key factors of apoptosis. Co-treatment of SR with a caspase inhibitor Z-VAD led to nullification of the antiproliferative effect, suggesting the role of apoptosis in the action mechanism of SR. Further experiments revealed autophagy was involved in the effect of SR. SR-treated NSCLC cells expressed increased ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-II/LC3-I. When chloroquine was co-treated with SR, this ratio was further increased, indicating SR treatment induced autophagy in NSCLC cells. Interestingly, loss of autophagy by 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) co-treatment suppressed SR-induced apoptosis. We then evaluated the relevance of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the autophagic/apoptotic process in NSCLC by SR treatment. Immunoblot assays showed increased phosphorylation of AMPK α and P70-S6 kinase in SR-treated H358 and H2087 cells. Under AMPK-inhibited conditions by compound C, SR treatment failed to induce both autophagy and apoptosis. Taken together, this study identifies the positive effect of SR in H358 and H2087 cells by inducing apoptosis via AMPK-dependent autophagy. Thus, our results suggest the potential use of SR as a novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo In Kim
- * Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,† Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyang Hong
- * Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Mo Ku
- * Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Seul Lim
- * Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,† Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Ji Lee
- * Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,† Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungbin Song
- ‡ Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Young Kim
- * Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunhoo Cheon
- * Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- * Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kim EH, Jang H, Shin D, Baek SH, Roh JL. Targeting Nrf2 with wogonin overcomes cisplatin resistance in head and neck cancer. Apoptosis 2018; 21:1265-1278. [PMID: 27544755 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A principal limitation to the clinical use of cisplatin is the high incidence of chemoresistance to this drug. Combination treatments with other drugs may help to circumvent this problem. Wogonin, one of the major natural flavonoids, is known to reverse multidrug resistance in several types of cancers. We investigated the ability of wogonin to overcome cisplatin resistance in head and neck cancer (HNC) cells and further clarified its molecular mechanisms of action. Two cisplatin-resistant HNC cell lines (AMC-HN4R and -HN9R) and their parental and other human HNC cell lines were used. The effects of wogonin, either alone or in combination with cisplatin, were assessed in HNC cells and normal cells using cell cycle and death assays and by measuring cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and protein expression, and in tumor xenograft mouse models. Wogonin selectively killed HNC cells but spared normal cells. It inhibited nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and glutathione S-transferase P in cisplatin-resistant HNC cells, resulting in increased ROS accumulation in HNC cells, an effect that could be blocked by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Wogonin also induced selective cell death by targeting the antioxidant defense mechanisms enhanced in the resistant HNC cells and activating cell death pathways involving PUMA and PARP. Hence, wogonin significantly sensitized resistant HNC cells to cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. Wogonin is a promising anticancer candidate that induces ROS accumulation and selective cytotoxicity in HNC cells and can help to overcome cisplatin-resistance in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Daiha Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Lyel Roh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Influence of Culture Medium Composition and Light Conditions on the Accumulation of Bioactive Compounds in Shoot Cultures of Scutellaria lateriflora L. (American Skullcap) Grown In Vitro. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:1414-1425. [PMID: 28573603 PMCID: PMC5698381 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Methanolic extracts from in vitro grown Scutellaria lateriflora shoots cultured on five Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium variants supplemented with different combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) under different light conditions (monochromatic light, white light and no light) were analysed by HPLC for three groups of metabolites: flavonoids (26 compounds), phenolic acids and their precursors (19+2) and phenylethanoid glycosides (2). The analyses revealed the presence of baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, wogonoside, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and verbascoside. There was clear evidence of the influence of plant growth regulators and light conditions on the accumulation of the analysed groups of secondary metabolites. The amounts of the compounds changed within a wide range—for the total flavonoid content, 30.2-fold (max. 1204.3 mg·100 g−1 dry weight (DW)); for 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 5.5-fold (max. 33.56 mg·100 g−1 DW); and for verbascoside, 1.5-fold (169.15 max. mg·100 g−1 DW). The best medium for the production of most of the compounds was the Murashige and Skoog variant with 1 mg l−1 BAP and 1 mg l−1 NAA. For verbascoside, the best ‘productive’ medium was the MS variant supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 BAP and 2 mg l−1 NAA. The accumulation of the metabolites was stimulated to the greatest extent by blue light, under which the extracts were found to contain the highest total amount of flavonoids and the highest amounts of flavonoid glucuronides, baicalin and wogonoside, as well as of verbascoside. Their amounts were, respectively, 1.54-, 1.49-, 2.05- and 1.86-fold higher than under the control white light.
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18
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Zhou RT, He M, Yu Z, Liang Y, Nie Y, Tai S, Teng CB. Baicalein inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and invasion via suppression of NEDD9 expression and its downstream Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56351-56363. [PMID: 28915595 PMCID: PMC5593566 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a flavone ingredient of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is a promising anti-cancer agent. However, its potential anti-pancreatic cancer effects and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we showed that Baicalein not only induced apoptosis, but also suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion of two pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC-3 and PANC-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Notably, Baicalein exhibited low toxicity to normal human liver or kidney cells. We further discovered that Baicalein suppressed BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cell proliferation and invasion through targeting the expression of NEDD9, a Cas scaffolding protein, to decrease Akt and ERK activities. Especially, Baicalein decreased Akt phosphorylation at T-308 via lowering NEDD9-dependent PDK1 expression. Overexpression of NEDD9 effectively rescued proliferation and invasion of BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells dampened by Baicalein. Taken together, our findings suggest that Baicalein is a potent remedy applied to pancreatic cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Tao Zhou
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mei He
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ze Yu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuzhe Nie
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Sheng Tai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chun-Bo Teng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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19
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Anti-tumor activity of wogonin, an extract from Scutellaria baicalensis, through regulating different signaling pathways. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:15-40. [PMID: 28259249 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wogonin is a plant flavonoid compound extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis (Huang-Qin or Chinese skullcap) and has been studied thoroughly by many researchers till date for its anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-cancerous and neuro-protective properties. Numerous experiments conducted in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated wogonin's excellent tumor inhibitory properties. The anti-cancer mechanism of wogonin has been ascribed to modulation of various cell signaling pathways, including serine-threonine kinase Akt (also known as protein kinase B) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, p53-dependent/independent apoptosis, and inhibition of telomerase activity. Furthermore, wogonin also decreases DNA adduct formation with a carcinogenic compound 2-Aminofluorene and inhibits growth of drug resistant malignant cells and their migration and metastasis, without any side effects. Recently, newly synthesized wogonin derivatives have been developed with impressive anti-tumor activity. This review is the succinct appraisal of the pertinent articles on the mechanisms of anti-tumor properties of wogonin. We also summarize the potential of wogonin and its derivatives used alone or as an adjunct therapy for cancer treatment. Furthermore, pharmacokinetics and side effects of wogonin and its analogues have also been discussed.
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Sak K, Everaus H. Established Human Cell Lines as Models to Study Anti-leukemic Effects of Flavonoids. Curr Genomics 2016; 18:3-26. [PMID: 28503087 PMCID: PMC5321770 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803165447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive work on pathological mechanisms and some recent advances in the treatment of different hematological malignancies, leukemia continues to present a significant challenge being frequently considered as incurable disease. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic agents with high efficacy and low toxicity is urgently needed to improve the overall survival rate of patients. In this comprehensive review article, the current knowledge about the anticancer activities of flavonoids as plant secondary polyphenolic metabolites in the most commonly used human established leukemia cell lines (HL-60, NB4, KG1a, U937, THP-1, K562, Jurkat, CCRF- CEM, MOLT-3, and MOLT-4) is compiled, revealing clear anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, cell cycle arresting, and differentiation inducing effects for certain compounds. Considering the low toxicity of these substances in normal blood cells, the presented data show a great potential of flavonoids to be developed into novel anti-leukemia agents applicable also in the malignant cells resistant to the current conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hele Everaus
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Lu X, Qiu H, Yang L, Zhang J, Ma S, Zhen L. Anti-proliferation effects, efficacy of cyasterone in vitro and in vivo and its mechanism. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:330-339. [PMID: 27668532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyasterone was demonstrated potential inhibition effect in mouse skin carcinoma cells in published report. However, the molecular mechanisms of the cyasterone on cells remain unknown. Herein, we investigated the effects of cyasterone-induced apoptosis in A549 and MGC823 cells in vitro. MTT assay showed that cyasterone caused a significantly decreasing of the proliferation of A549 and MGC823 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 38.50±3.73μg/mL on A549 cells and 32.96±1.24μg/mL on MGC823 cells at 48h, respectively. Hoechst staining and TUNEL staining results indicated the quintessential apoptosis features in immunofluorescence image. Apoptosis and cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry. Cyasterone treatment triggered inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor- phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (EGFR-AKT) signaling pathways and activation of P38 pathways. Furthermore, cyasterone inhibited MGC823 cells xenografted tumor growth in vivo with few changes in body weights. In conclusion, our findings provide the evidence that cyasterone inhibits growth of A549 and MGC823 cells, via regulating EGFR signaling pathway. Our results indicated that cyasterone, a natural EGFR inhibitor, maybe a promising anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinGang Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, PR China.
| | - HongFu Qiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Oncology, BaoShan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, PR China
| | - JieYing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, PuTuo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200063, PR China
| | - ShuJie Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Lan Zhen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, RuiJin Hospital, JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China, PR China
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Liu X, Tian S, Liu M, Jian L, Zhao L. Wogonin inhibits the proliferation and invasion, and induces the apoptosis of HepG2 and Bel7402 HCC cells through NF‑κB/Bcl-2, EGFR and EGFR downstream ERK/AKT signaling. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1250-6. [PMID: 27499272 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer effects of the natural flavonoid, wogonin, have been reported. However, its molecular mechanisms of action have not yet been fully explored. In the present study, we aimed to examine the molecular mechanisms of action of wogonin and its effects on the biological behavior of the HepG2 and Bel7402 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. We also examined the effects of wogonin on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/Bcl-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, as well as on downstream pathways of EGFR, namely extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/AKT signaling. We found that treatment with wogonin inhibited the proliferation and invasion, and induced the apoptosis of the HepG2 and Bel7402 cells. In addition, treatment with wogonin decreased cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK4/6, Bcl-2 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression, and promoted the cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in a concentration-dependent manner. Further experiments revealed that wogonin inhibited NF-κB/Bcl-2 signaling by decreasing the IκB and p65 phosphorylation levels. Wogonin also inhibited the activation of the EGFR (Tyr845) signaling pathway, and that of downstream pathways of EGFR, namely ERK/AKT/MMP2 signaling. The depletion of EGFR by siRNA partly abolished the inhibitory effects of wogonin on cyclin D1, MMP2 expression. On the whole, our our findings demonstrate that wogonin effectively suppresses the proliferation, invasion and survival of HCC cells through the modulation of the NF-κB and EGFR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Tian
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lingyan Jian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Lu X, Yang L, Chen J, Zhou J, Tang X, Zhu Y, Qiu H, Shen J. The action and mechanism of myrislignan on A549 cells in vitro and in vivo. J Nat Med 2016; 71:76-85. [PMID: 27491743 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myrislignan is a natural compound with little pharmacological study. In our investigation, we investigated the effect of myrislignan in the induction of apoptosis in A549 cells in vitro and in vivo. Myrislignan inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner assayed by MTT. In addition, Hoechst flow cytometry showed that myrislignan significantly induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in A549 cells. The apoptosis and anti-cell proliferation was mediated by the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and the inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signal pathway, change of mitochondrial membrane potential, the releasing of c-Myc, the downregulation of the level of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and the upregulation of the level of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. In conclusion, those results reveal a potential mechanism for the anti-cancer effect of myrislignan on human lung cancer, while suggesting that myrislignan may be a promising compound for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinGang Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Tumor, BaoShan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, People's Republic of China
| | - JingXian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, RuiJin Hospital, JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - JiAn Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoDan Tang
- Department of Pulmonary, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - YingGang Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - HongFu Qiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University, No. 221, West YanAn Rd, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang F, Li M, Wang J, Liang X, Su Y, Wang W. Finding New Tricks for Old Drugs: Tumoricidal Activity of Non-Traditional Antitumor Drugs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:539-52. [PMID: 27032934 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, a traditional method, plays an important role in tumor therapy. Currently, common clinical antitumor drugs have several defects like poor efficacy, side effects, etc. Furthermore, developing new antitumor drugs takes a long time and requires many resources. Recent studies have found that oldies are newbies for the oncologist, such as flavonoid, metformin, aspirin, etc. These non-traditional antitumor drugs (NTADs) are widely used in management of non-cancer diseases, which gained FDA approval for treatment of patients. Increasingly, studies about antitumor action of NTADs have attracted many researchers' interests. A giant amount of studies showed a decrease in cancer incidence in NTAD-treated patients. Several reports outlined a direct inhibitory effect of NTADs on cancer cell growth and antitumoral actions. This review summarized the research progress on antitumor effects of ten NTADs. Retrospective and meta-analyses of trials also showed that these NTADs had preventive effects against cancer in vitro and in vivo. These drugs represent a promising option for cancer treatment, which have clear benefits including clinical safety, obvious curative effect, and saving medical and health resources. Judged from previous reports, future studies will yield valuable data about the profitable effects of these drugs. With a better understanding of its mechanisms of antitumor activity, NTADs may become available for combination with chemotherapy or targeted therapy in clinic.
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Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Wang G, Hill L, Weng JK, Chen XY, Xue H, Martin C. A specialized flavone biosynthetic pathway has evolved in the medicinal plant, Scutellaria baicalensis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501780. [PMID: 27152350 PMCID: PMC4846459 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Wogonin and baicalein are bioactive flavones in the popular Chinese herbal remedy Huang-Qin (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi). These specialized flavones lack a 4'-hydroxyl group on the B ring (4'-deoxyflavones) and induce apoptosis in a wide spectrum of human tumor cells in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in vivo in different mouse tumor models. Root-specific flavones (RSFs) from Scutellaria have a variety of reported additional beneficial effects including antioxidant and antiviral properties. We describe the characterization of a new pathway for the synthesis of these compounds, in which pinocembrin (a 4'-deoxyflavanone) serves as a key intermediate. Although two genes encoding flavone synthase II (FNSII) are expressed in the roots of S. baicalensis, FNSII-1 has broad specificity for flavanones as substrates, whereas FNSII-2 is specific for pinocembrin. FNSII-2 is responsible for the synthesis of 4'-deoxyRSFs, such as chrysin and wogonin, wogonoside, baicalein, and baicalin, which are synthesized from chrysin. A gene encoding a cinnamic acid-specific coenzyme A ligase (SbCLL-7), which is highly expressed in roots, is required for the synthesis of RSFs by FNSII-2, as demonstrated by gene silencing. A specific isoform of chalcone synthase (SbCHS-2) that is highly expressed in roots producing RSFs is also required for the synthesis of chrysin. Our studies reveal a recently evolved pathway for biosynthesis of specific, bioactive 4'-deoxyflavones in the roots of S. baicalensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre (JIC), Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences, 300 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre (JIC), Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lionel Hill
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre (JIC), Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences, 300 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Hongwei Xue
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences, 300 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cathie Martin
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre (JIC), Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences, 300 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Natural products against hematological malignancies and identification of their targets. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:1191-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Determination of cytotoxicity of traditional Chinese medicine herbs, Rhizoma coptidis, Radix scutellariae, and Cortex phellodendri, by three methods. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2015; 39:128-32. [PMID: 26421730 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many herbs are used in traditional Chinese medicine TCM) for treatment of infections but their properties, in particular, their effects on normal cells have received little attention. This study investigated the cytotoxic properties of three TCM herbs with potential use in prevention and treatment of ocular infections, including Acanthamoeba keratitis. METHOD The study investigated cytotoxic effects of the herbal extracts of Rhizoma coptidis, Radix scutellariae, and Cortex phellodendri on human corneal epithelial cells using trypan blue staining, MTT production, and flow cytometry. Differences between herbs were determined using repeated measures one-way analysis of variance, followed by paired t-tests where appropriate. RESULTS These three herbs appeared to lack cytotoxicity when tested with trypan blue and MTT, but flow cytometry revealed that R. coptidis led to cell membrane damage. CONCLUSION Lack of cytotoxicity of R. scutellariae and C. phellodendri extracts suggest that these are potentially suitable for use in ocular preparations. Only flow cytometry was able to accurately predict cytotoxic effects of extracts of TCM herbs on HCEC, demonstrating the importance of using a sensitive method of detection of cytotoxicity.
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Baicalein inhibits MMP-2 expression in human ovarian cancer cells by suppressing the p38 MAPK-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 26:649-56. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang X, Luo W, Zhao W, Lu J, Chen X. Isocryptotanshinone Induced Apoptosis and Activated MAPK Signaling in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells. J Breast Cancer 2015; 18:112-8. [PMID: 26155286 PMCID: PMC4490259 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2015.18.2.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Isocryptotanshinone (ICTS) is a natural bioactive product that is isolated from the roots of the widely used medical herb Salvia miltiorrhiza. However, few reports exist on the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of ICTS. Here, we report that ICTS has anticancer activity and describe the mechanism underlying this effect. Methods The antiproliferative effect of ICTS was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and clonogenic assays. The effect of ICTS on the cell cycle was measured using flow cytometry. Apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33342 staining, DNA fragmentation assays, and Western blotting for apoptotic proteins. Finally, the effect of ICTS on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was determined by Western blotting. Results ICTS significantly inhibited proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, HepG2 human liver cancer cells, and A549 human lung cancer cells in vitro. Among the tested cell lines, MCF-7 cells showed the highest sensitivity to ICTS. ICTS significantly inhibited colony formation by MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, exposure of MCF-7 cells to ICTS induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Hoechst 33342 staining and Western blot analysis for apoptotic proteins suggested that ICTS induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. In addition, ICTS activated MAPK signaling in MCF-7 cells by inducing time- and concentration-dependent phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPK. Conclusion Our results suggest that ICTS inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and activating MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuenong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Weiwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jinjian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Abbasi P, Shamsasenjan K, Movassaghpour Akbari AA, Akbarzadehlaleh P, Dehdilani N, Ejtehadifar M. The Effect of Baicalin as A PPAR Activator on Erythroid Differentiation of CD133(+)Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Umbilical Cord Blood. CELL JOURNAL 2015; 17:15-26. [PMID: 25870831 PMCID: PMC4393663 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2015.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nu- clear receptor proteins whose functions as transcription factors regulate gene expres- sions. PPARs play essential roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation, development, and metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid, protein), and tumorigenesis of higher organisms. This study attempts to determine the effect of baicalin, a PPARγ activator, on erythroid differentiation of cluster of differentiation 133(+)(CD133(+)) cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, in order to investigate the effects of the PPARγ agonists baicalin and troglitazone on erythropoiesis, we isolated CD133(+) cells from human umbilical cord blood using the MACS method. Isolated cells were cultured in erythroid-inducing medium with or without various amounts of the two PPARγ activa- tors (baicalin and troglitazone). Erythroid differentiation of CD133(+)cord blood HSCs were assessed using microscopic morphology analysis, flow cytometric analysis of erythroid surface markers transferrin receptor (TfR) and glycophorin A (GPA) and bycolony forming assay. RESULTS Microscopic and flow cytometric analysis revealed the erythroid differentiation of CD133(+)cord blood HSCs under applied erythroid inducing conditions. Our flow cytometric data showed that the TfR and GPA positive cell population diminished significantly in the presence of either troglitazone or baicalin. The suppression of erythroid differentiation in response to PPARγ agonists was dose-dependent. Erythroid colony-forming ability of HSC decreased significantly after treatment with both PPARγ agonists but troglitazone had a markedly greater effect. CONCLUSION Our results have demonstrated that PPARγ agonists modulate erythroid dif- ferentiation of CD133(+)HSCs, and therefore play an important role in regulation of normal erythropoiesis under physiologic conditions. Thus, considering the availability and applica- tion of this herbal remedy for treatment of a wide range of diseases, the inhibitory effect of baicalin on erythropoiesis should be noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Abbasi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parvin Akbarzadehlaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Dehdilani
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ejtehadifar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Liu Y, Wang H, Cai X. Optimization of the extraction of total flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi using the response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:2336-43. [PMID: 25829617 PMCID: PMC4375232 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the conditions for total flavonoid extraction from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The influences of the ethanol concentration, extraction time, temperature, and the liquid-solid ratio on flavonoid yield were investigated. Based on ANOVA results, a second-order quadratic polynomial model could be applied to characterize the extraction process. The following optimal extraction conditions were identified: ethanol concentration, 52.98 %; extraction time, 2.12 h; extraction temperature, 62.46 °C; and liquid-solid ratio, 35.23. The predicted extraction yield was 19.437 mg/g when these optimal conditions were used. The proposed method was successfully employed to extract flavonoids from S. baicalensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- />School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061 China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- />School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061 China
| | - Xuan Cai
- />Zhaoqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine, Zhaoqing, 526062 China
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New sesquiterpenoids from Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Molecules 2015; 20:4450-9. [PMID: 25764487 PMCID: PMC6272762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new pseudoguaianolide 1 and two new guaiane-type sesquiterpene glucosides 2 and 3, were isolated from the aerial parts of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L together with two known sesquiterpene dilactones 4 and 5. The new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods to be 3β-acetoxy-4β-hydroxy-1α,7α, 10β,11αH-pseudoguaia-12,8β-olide (1), 1β,7β,9β,10β,13αH-guaia-4(5)-en-12,6β-olide 9-O-β-d-glucoside (2) and 4β-hydroxy-1α,5α,7α,9αH-guaia-10(14),11(13)-dien-12-acid 9-O-β-d-glucoside (3). The isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell lines in vitro, but were all inactive.
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Lee KJ, Jung PM, Oh YC, Song NY, Kim T, Ma JY. Extraction and Bioactivity Analysis of Major Flavones Compounds from Scutellaria baicalensis Using In Vitro Assay and Online Screening HPLC-ABTS System. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:563702. [PMID: 25258697 PMCID: PMC4166446 DOI: 10.1155/2014/563702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The extraction efficiency of a number of solvent compositions for the improvement of bioactive compounds yield from S. baicalensis has been investigated. Also, free radical scavengers in the glycoside baicalin (BG), wogonoside (WG), aglycon baicalein (B), and wogonin (W) compounds of S. baicalensis were screened, identified, and quantified using coupled offline ABTS and online screening HPLC-ABTS assay. Increasing ethanol content fractions resulted in decreased extract yield of bioactive compounds. In this case, the best yield of 37.01 mg/g in BG, WG, B, and W compounds was obtained by a dipping method with an extraction time of 4 h. In addition, the yield (43.05%) and IC50 (34.04 μg/mL) determined through ABTS assay of the 60% aqueous ethanol extract were the most satisfactory of all solvent solutions tested. This result shows that an online screening HPLC-ABTS assay can be a powerful technique for the rapid characterization of bioactivity compounds in plant extracts. Moreover, their anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated via analyzed inhibitory effect on NO and inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, WG and W exhibited the strong inhibitory effects on inflammatory mediator production including NO, IL-6, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Jin Lee
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Mun Jung
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Chang Oh
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Song
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Sak K. Cytotoxicity of dietary flavonoids on different human cancer types. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 8:122-46. [PMID: 25125885 PMCID: PMC4127821 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.134247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are ubiquitous in nature. They are also in food, providing an essential link between diet and prevention of chronic diseases including cancer. Anticancer effects of these polyphenols depend on several factors: Their chemical structure and concentration, and also on the type of cancer. Malignant cells from different tissues reveal somewhat different sensitivity toward flavonoids and, therefore, the preferences of the most common dietary flavonoids to various human cancer types are analyzed in this review. While luteolin and kaempferol can be considered as promising candidate agents for treatment of gastric and ovarian cancers, respectively, apigenin, chrysin, and luteolin have good perspectives as potent antitumor agents for cervical cancer; cells from main sites of flavonoid metabolism (colon and liver) reveal rather large fluctuations in anticancer activity probably due to exposure to various metabolites with different activities. Anticancer effect of flavonoids toward blood cancer cells depend on their myeloid, lymphoid, or erythroid origin; cytotoxic effects of flavonoids on breast and prostate cancer cells are highly related to the expression of hormone receptors. Different flavonoids are often preferentially present in certain food items, and knowledge about the malignant tissue-specific anticancer effects of flavonoids could be purposely applied both in chemoprevention as well as in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- Non Government Organization Praeventio, Tartu, Estonia
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Chen H, Gao Y, Wu J, Chen Y, Chen B, Hu J, Zhou J. Exploring therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein for hematological malignancies. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:5-11. [PMID: 25128647 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous advances in the targeted therapy for various types of hematological malignancies with successful improvements in the survival rates, emerging resistance issues are startlingly high and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In addition, chemoprevention is currently becoming an elusive goal. Plant-derived natural products have garnered considerable attention in recent years due to the potential dual functions as chemotherapeutics and dietary chemoprevention. One of the particularly ubiquitous families is the polyphenolic flavonoids. Among them, baicalin and its aglycone baicalein have been widely investigated in hematological malignancies because both of them exhibit remarkable pharmacological properties. This review focuses on the recent achievements in drug discovery research associated with baicalin and baicalein for hematological malignancy therapies. The promising anticancer activities of these two flavonoids targeting diverse signaling pathways and their potential biological mechanisms in different types of hematological malignancies, as well as the combination strategy with baicalin or baicalein as chemotherapeutic adjuvants for recent therapies in these intractable diseases are discussed. Meanwhile, the biotransformation of baicalin and baicalein and the relevant approaches to improve their bioavailability are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jianlei Wu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Buyuan Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Jianda Hu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA.
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Huang P, Tan S, Zhang YX, Li JS, Chai C, Li JJ, Cai BC. The effects of wine-processing on ascending and descending: The distribution of flavonoids in rat tissues after oral administration of crude and wine-processed Radix scutellariae. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:649-664. [PMID: 24930356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ascending and descending theory is a core principle of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories. It plays an essential role in TCM clinical applications. Some TCM medicine has specific properties, which could alter the inclination and direction of their actions. The properties of the ascending and floating process of one herbal medicine are affected by means of herb processing. Wine-processing, which is sautéing with rice wine, is one of the most popular technologies of herb processing. Wine-processing increases the inclination and direction of its actions, thereby producing or strengthening their efficacy in cleaning the upper-energizer heat. Radix scutellariae, the dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is a well-known TCM used for the treatment of inflammation, pyrexia, jaundice, etc. Recently, wine-processed Radix scutellariae was normally applied in clinical studies for the treatment of upper-energizer syndrome. In order to investigate the effects of wine-processing on ascending and descending of Radix scutellariae, the comparative study of distribution of flavonoids in rat tissues of triple energizers (SanJiao-upper, middle, lower jiao) after oral administration of crude and wine-processed Radix scutellariae aqueous extracts was carried out. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were randomly assigned to two groups and orally administered with crude and wine-processed Radix scutellariae aqueous extracts, respectively. At different pre-determined time points after administration, the concentrations of compounds in rat tissue homogenate were determined, and the main tissue pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated. Tissue pharmacokinetic parameters including AUC0-t, t1/2, Tmax and Cmax were calculated using DAS 2.0. An unpaired Student t-test was used to compare the differences in tissue pharmacokinetic parameters between the two groups. All the results were expressed as arithmetic mean±S.D. RESULTS The parameters of Cmax and AUC0-t of some flavonoids in wine-processed Radix scutellariae were remarkably increased (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001) in the rat upper-energizer tissues (lung and heart) compared with those of the crude group. However, in the rat middle- and lower-energizer tissues (spleen, liver and kidney), the Cmax and AUC0-t of some flavonoids were significantly decreased (p<0.05, p<0.01) compared with the crude group. The main explanation for these differences seems to the effects of wine-processing on ascending and descending theory. CONCLUSIONS All of these differences in the distribution of triple energizers after oral administration of crude and wine-processed Radix scutellariae aqueous extracts may lead to the increase of efficacy on the upper-energizer tissues and were in compliance with the ascending and descending theory. Therefore, wine-processing was recommended when Radix scutellariae was used for cleaning the upper-energizer heat and humidity. The obtained knowledge can be used to evaluate the impact of these differences on the efficacy of both the drugs in clinical applications and might be helpful in explaining the effects of wine-processing on ascending and descending theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , PR China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shanzhong Tan
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, 1-1 Zhongfu Road, Nanjing 210003, PR China
| | - Yong-xin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , PR China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jun-song Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , PR China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Chuan Chai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Jin-ji Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , PR China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Bao-chang Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Lin LT, Wu SJ, Lin CC. The Anticancer Properties and Apoptosis-inducing Mechanisms of Cinnamaldehyde and the Herbal Prescription Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang ( Huáng Lián Jiě Dú Tang) in Human Hepatoma Cells. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 3:227-33. [PMID: 24716182 PMCID: PMC3924998 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.119732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has long been one of the most important causes of cancer mortality in the world. Many natural products and traditional herbal medicines have been used to treat HCC in Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and China. The present review aims to describe the anticancer properties and apoptotic mechanisms of cinnamaldehyde, the bioactive ingredient isolated from cinnamon trees, and the herbal prescription Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (黃連解毒湯 Huáng Lián Jiě Dú Tang; HLJDT) against human hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Implication of their treatment for the development of targeted therapy against HCC is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jing Wu
- Department of Nutritional Health, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Ho YC, Lee SS, Yang SF, Yu CC, Chang YC. Inhibitory effects of wogonin on invasion by human oral cancer cells by decreasing the activity of matrix metalloproteinases and urokinase-plasminogen activator. J Dent Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2013.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, excretion and plasma protein binding studies of wogonin in rats. Molecules 2014; 19:5538-49. [PMID: 24786691 PMCID: PMC6270787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19055538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wogonin is a natural anticancer candidate. The purpose of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetic profiles, tissue distribution, excretion and plasma protein binding of wogonin in Sprague—Dawley rats. A rapid, sensitive, and specific LC-MS/MS method has been developed for the determination of wogonin in different rat biological samples. After i.v. dosing of wogonin at different levels (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) the elimination half-life was approximately 14 min, the AUC0-∞ increased in a dose disproportional manner from 112.13 mg/L·min for 10 mg/kg to 758.19 mg/L·min for 40 mg/kg, indicating a non linear pharmacokinetic profile. After i.g. dosing at 100 mg/kg, plasma levels of wogonin peaked at 28 min with a Cmax value of 300 ng/mL and a very low oral bioavailability (1.10%). Following i.v. single dose (20 mg/kg), wogonin was detected in all examined tissues (including testis) with the highest levels in kidney and liver. Approximately 21% of the administered dose was excreted as unchanged drug (mainly via non-biliairy fecal route (16.33%). Equilibrium dialysis was used to evaluate plasma protein binding of wogonin at three concentrations (0.1, 0.5 and 2 µg/mL). Results indicated a very high protein binding degree (over 90%), reducing substantially the free fraction of the compound.
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Fu Y, Luo J, Jia Z, Zhen W, Zhou K, Gilbert E, Liu D. Baicalein Protects against Type 2 Diabetes via Promoting Islet β-Cell Function in Obese Diabetic Mice. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:846742. [PMID: 25147566 PMCID: PMC4132321 DOI: 10.1155/2014/846742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), the deterioration of glycemic control over time is primarily caused by an inadequate mass and progressive dysfunction of β-cell, leading to the impaired insulin secretion. Here, we show that dietary supplementation of baicalein, a flavone isolated from the roots of Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis, improved glucose tolerance and enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in high-fat diet (HFD-) induced middle-aged obese mice. Baicalein had no effect on food intake, body weight gain, circulating lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Using another mouse model of type 2 diabetes generated by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and low doses of streptozotocin injection, we found that baicalein treatment significantly improved hyperglycemia, glucose tolerance, and blood insulin levels in these middle-aged obese diabetic mice, which are associated with the improved islet β-cell survival and mass. In the in vitro studies, baicalein significantly augmented GSIS and promoted viability of insulin-secreting cells and human islets cultured either in the basal medium or under chronic hyperlipidemic condition. These results demonstrate that baicalein may be a naturally occurring antidiabetic agent by directly modulating pancreatic β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods & Exercises, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods & Exercises, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Wei Zhen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods & Exercises, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Kequan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit , MI 48202, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gilbert
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods & Exercises, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods & Exercises, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- *Dongmin Liu:
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Wang T, Gao J, Yu J, Shen L. Synergistic inhibitory effect of wogonin and low-dose paclitaxel on gastric cancer cells and tumor xenografts. Chin J Cancer Res 2013; 25:505-13. [PMID: 24255573 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2013.08.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the synergistic inhibitory effects of wogonin (WOG) and chemotherapeutic drugs on growth of gastric cancer cells and tumor xenografts. METHODS The IC50 values of WOG, cisplatin (CDDP) and paclitaxel (PTX) in four gastric cancer cell lines were determined by MTS assay. Hoechst staining and the median effect method of Chou-Talalay were used to assess the apoptosis of cells and the interaction of two drugs, respectively. BGC-823-derived xenografts in nude mice were established to investigate the effects of WOG combined with chemotherapeutic drugs in vivo. RESULTS WOG, CDDP and PTX inhibited the growth of BGC-823, MGC-803, MKN-45 and HGC-27 gastric cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. WOG combined with CDDP or PTX synergistically inhibited the growth of all gastric cancer cell lines in vitro. In BGC-823, MGC-803, HGC-27 and MKN-45 cell lines, synergisms between WOG and PTX were shown when the fraction affected (Fa) values were <0.45, <0.90, <0.85 and <0.60. While WOG and CDDP had a synergistic inhibitory effect when the Fa values were >0, >0, >0.65 and >0.10. From the results of in vivo experiments using tumor xenografts, WOG and low-dose PTX showed better efficacy than either drug alone. The inhibitory percentages of tumor weight were 61.58%, 20.29%, and 22.28% for the combination, WOG-alone, and low-dose PTX-alone groups, respectively. Notably, WOG combined with CDDP displayed very high toxicity. CONCLUSIONS A synergistic inhibitory effect on growth was observed when WOG was combined with low-dose PTX in gastric cancer cells and tumor xenografts. These findings provide evidence for the design of a clinical trial to test the combination of WOG with low-dose PTX in human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Tian J, Wang L, Wang L, Ke X. A wogonin-loaded glycyrrhetinic acid-modified liposome for hepatic targeting with anti-tumor effects. Drug Deliv 2013; 21:553-9. [PMID: 24215357 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.853850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer has become one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide, with morbidity rates increasing each year. Wogonin (WG) is an attractive candidate for the development of new anti-cancer drugs. In this study, a novel glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)-modified WG liposome was developed for use in targeted anti-cancer therapy. Three types of WG preparations were investigated: free wogonin in solution (WG), passively targeted wogonin liposomes (WG-Lip) and GA-modified wogonin liposomes (GA-WG-Lip). The entrapment efficiency, size and zeta potential were measured. Cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, in vivo bio-distribution and anti-tumor efficacy were also investigated. Addition of GA to the liposomes did not diminish the high entrapment efficiency observed in the liposomes without GA. GA-WG-Lip showed the greatest uptake and had an IC50 value 1.46 times higher than that of WG-Lip. The GA-modified liposomes rapidly accumulated in the liver with a long retention time, and also displayed a better tumor inhibitory ratio than that of the unmodified liposomes. Overall, the data indicated that use of the GA-modified WG liposomes conferred improvements in bio-distribution, accumulation at the tumor and therapeutic efficacy, perhaps due to increased receptor-mediated uptake of liposomes by liver-targeted cells. Together, these data show that GA-WG-Lip is a promising means of targeted therapy for liver cancer.
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Wogonin induced G1 cell cycle arrest by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and inactivating CDK8 in human colorectal cancer carcinoma cells. Toxicology 2013; 312:36-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Kim MS, Bak Y, Park YS, Lee DH, Kim JH, Kang JW, Song HH, Oh SR, Yoon DY. Wogonin induces apoptosis by suppressing E6 and E7 expressions and activating intrinsic signaling pathways in HPV-16 cervical cancer cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 29:259-72. [PMID: 23955116 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Wogonin is a flavonoid compound extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis and is well known as a benzodiazepine receptor ligand with anxiolytic effects. Many recent studies have demonstrated that wogonin modulates angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and tumor progress in various cancer tissues. We further explored the mechanism of action of wogonin on cervical cancer cells that contain or lack human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. Wogonin was cytotoxic to HPV 16 (+) cervical cancer cells, SiHa and CaSki, but not to HPV-negative cells. We demonstrated that wogonin induced apoptosis by suppressing the expressions of the E6 and E7 viral oncogenes in HPV-infected cervical cancer CaSki and SiHa cells. The modulation of p53 and protein retinoblastoma (pRb) were also triggered by the suppression of E6 and E7 expressions. However, p53 was not altered in HPV-negative cervical cancer C33A cells. Moreover, wogonin modulated the mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors such as Bax and Bcl-2. Wogonin also provoked the cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly ADP ribose polymerase. After transfection of siRNAs to target E6 and E7, additional restoration of p53 and pRb was not induced, but processing of caspases and PARP was increased compared with wogonin treatment alone. Together, our findings demonstrated that wogonin effectively promotes apoptosis by downregulating E6 and E7 expressions and promoting intrinsic apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Sub Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Baicalein, Ethyl Acetate, and Chloroform Extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis Inhibit the Neuraminidase Activity of Pandemic 2009 H1N1 and Seasonal Influenza A Viruses. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:750803. [PMID: 23864896 PMCID: PMC3705751 DOI: 10.1155/2013/750803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study rated antiviral activity of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (S. baicalensis) extracts against influenza A virus subtypes, for example, pandemic 2009 H1N1, seasonal H1N1 and H3N2. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and chloroform extracts inhibited in vitro neuraminidase (NA) enzymatic activity and viral replication more than methanol (MeOH) extract. EtOAc extract demonstrated NA inhibition IC50 values ranging from 73.16 to 487.40 μg/mL and plaque reduction IC50 values ranging from 23.7 to 27.4 μg/mL. Chloroform extract showed antiviral activities with plaque reduction IC50 values ranging from 14.16 to 41.49 μg/mL Time-of-addition assay indicated that EtOAc and chloroform extracts also significantly inhibited virus yields after infection. HPLC analysis demonstrated that baicalin was dominant in the MeOH extract; baicalein and chrysin were rich in the EtOAc and chloroform extracts. Molecular simulation revealed baicalein hydrogen bonding with Glu277 as well as hydrophobic and Van der Waals interactions with Ile222, Arg224, Ser246, and Tyr347 in NA1 active sites of NA1. Baicalein inhibited in vitro replication of influenza A viruses pandemic 2009 H1N1 (IC50 = 0.018 μM) and seasonal 2007 H1N1 using plaque reduction assays. A combination of low-dose baicalein with other anti-influenza agents could be applicable for development of alternative remedies treating influenza A virus infection.
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Lombardo E, Sabellico C, Hájek J, Staňková V, Filipský T, Balducci V, De Vito P, Leone S, Bavavea EI, Silvestri IP, Righi G, Luly P, Saso L, Bovicelli P, Pedersen JZ, Incerpi S. Protection of cells against oxidative stress by nanomolar levels of hydroxyflavones indicates a new type of intracellular antioxidant mechanism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60796. [PMID: 23637768 PMCID: PMC3630532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural polyphenol compounds are often good antioxidants, but they also cause damage to cells through more or less specific interactions with proteins. To distinguish antioxidant activity from cytotoxic effects we have tested four structurally related hydroxyflavones (baicalein, mosloflavone, negletein, and 5,6-dihydroxyflavone) at very low and physiologically relevant levels, using two different cell lines, L-6 myoblasts and THP-1 monocytes. Measurements using intracellular fluorescent probes and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with cytotoxicity assays showed strong antioxidant activities for baicalein and 5,6-dihydroxyflavone at picomolar concentrations, while 10 nM partially protected monocytes against the strong oxidative stress induced by 200 µM cumene hydroperoxide. Wide range dose-dependence curves were introduced to characterize and distinguish the mechanism and targets of different flavone antioxidants, and identify cytotoxic effects which only became detectable at micromolar concentrations. Analysis of these dose-dependence curves made it possible to exclude a protein-mediated antioxidant response, as well as a mechanism based on the simple stoichiometric scavenging of radicals. The results demonstrate that these flavones do not act on the same radicals as the flavonol quercetin. Considering the normal concentrations of all the endogenous antioxidants in cells, the addition of picomolar or nanomolar levels of these flavones should not be expected to produce any detectable increase in the total cellular antioxidant capacity. The significant intracellular antioxidant activity observed with 1 pM baicalein means that it must be scavenging radicals that for some reason are not eliminated by the endogenous antioxidants. The strong antioxidant effects found suggest these flavones, as well as quercetin and similar polyphenolic antioxidants, at physiologically relevant concentrations act as redox mediators to enable endogenous antioxidants to reach and scavenge different pools of otherwise inaccessible radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Hájek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Staňková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Filipský
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Paolo De Vito
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Leone
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia I. Bavavea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Giuliana Righi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Luly
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Bovicelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Jens Z. Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Incerpi
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Anti-Bladder-Tumor Effect of Baicalein from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Its Application In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:579751. [PMID: 23573134 PMCID: PMC3613056 DOI: 10.1155/2013/579751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Some phytochemicals with the characteristics of cytotoxicity and/or antimetastasis have generated intense interest among the anticancer studies. In this study, a natural flavonoid baicalein was evaluated in bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo. Baicalein inhibits 5637 cell proliferation. It arrests cells in G1 phase at 100 μ M and in S phase below 75 μ M. The protein expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 is reduced by baicalein. Baicalein-induced p-ERK plays a minor role in cyclin B1 reduction. Baicalein-inhibited p65NF- κ B results in reduction of cell growth. Baicalein-induced pGSK(ser9) has a little effect in increasing cyclin B1/D1 expression instead. The translation inhibitor cycloheximide blocks baicalein-reduced cyclin B1, suggesting that the reduction is caused by protein synthesis inhibition. On the other hand, neither cycloheximide nor proteasome inhibitor MG132 completely blocks baicalein-reduced cyclin D1, suggesting that baicalein reduces cyclin D1 through protein synthesis inhibition and proteasomal degradation activation. In addition, baicalein also inhibits cell invasion by inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression and activity. In mouse orthotopic bladder tumor model, baicalein slightly reduces tumor size but with some hepatic toxicity. In summary, these results demonstrate the anti-bladder-tumor properties of the natural compound baicalein which shows a slight anti-bladder-tumor effect in vivo.
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Havermann S, Rohrig R, Chovolou Y, Humpf HU, Wätjen W. Molecular effects of baicalein in Hct116 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans : activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway and prolongation of lifespan. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2158-2164. [PMID: 23339711 DOI: 10.1021/jf304553g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Baicalein is a major compound of extracts derived from Scutellaria baicalensis Lamiaceae, which are used as food supplements. Baicalein possesses a high radical scavenging activity and decreases intracellular reactive oxygen species in Hct116 human colon carcinoma cells and in Caenorhabditis elegans . It activates Nrf2, a key transcription factor that binds to the antioxidant responsive element (ARE): Baicalein causes a nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, increases ARE-dependent luciferase activity, and enhances the expression of heme oxygenase-1 in Hct116 cells. Additionally, accumulation of the Nrf2 homologue SKN-1 in nuclei of intestinal cells of C. elegans was observed. Lifespan analysis revealed that baicalein extends the mean, median, and maximum lifespans of the nematode by 45, 57 and 24%, respectively. Because SKN-1 activation is associated with prolongation of lifespan, the results suggest that baicalein increases the lifespan of C. elegans by activation of the Nrf2/SKN-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Havermann
- Institute of Toxicology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität , P.O. Box 101007, 40001 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Effects of baicalein on apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 53:325-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yang B, Zhao YL, Yang X, Liao XL, Yang J, Zhang JH, Gao CZ. Scutellarin-cyclodextrin conjugates: Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:1308-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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