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Schmidt KE, Höving AL, Nowak K, an Mey N, Kiani Zahrani S, Nemeita B, Riedel L, Majewski A, Kaltschmidt B, Knabbe C, Kaltschmidt C. Serum Induces the Subunit-Specific Activation of NF-κB in Proliferating Human Cardiac Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3593. [PMID: 38612406 PMCID: PMC11012129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are often linked to ageing and are the major cause of death worldwide. The declined proliferation of adult stem cells in the heart often impedes its regenerative potential. Thus, an investigation of the proliferative potential of adult human cardiac stem cells (hCSCs) might be of great interest for improving cell-based treatments of cardiovascular diseases. The application of human blood serum was already shown to enhance hCSC proliferation and reduce senescence. Here, the underlying signalling pathways of serum-mediated hCSC proliferation were studied. We are the first to demonstrate the involvement of the transcription factor NF-κB in the serum-mediated proliferative response of hCSCs by utilizing the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) revealed ATF6B, COX5B, and TNFRSF14 as potential targets of NF-κB that are involved in serum-induced hCSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko E. Schmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
- Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Medical Faculty Ostwestfalen-Lippe, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anna L. Höving
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
- Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Medical Faculty Ostwestfalen-Lippe, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Katja Nowak
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
- Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Medical Faculty Ostwestfalen-Lippe, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nike an Mey
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Sina Kiani Zahrani
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Britta Nemeita
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Lena Riedel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Agnes Majewski
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- AG Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Medical Faculty Ostwestfalen-Lippe, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
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Sun Y, Jing P, Gan H, Wang X, Zhu X, Fan J, Li H, Zhang Z, Lin JCJ, Gu Z. Evaluation of an ex vivo fibrogenesis model using human lung slices prepared from small tissues. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:143. [PMID: 36998092 PMCID: PMC10061769 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, there have been breakthroughs in the preclinical research of respiratory diseases, such as organoids and organ tissue chip models, but they still cannot provide insight into human respiratory diseases well. Human lung slices model provides a promising in vitro model for the study of respiratory diseases because of its preservation of lung structure and major cell types. METHODS Human lung slices were manually prepared from small pieces of lung tissues obtained from lung cancer patients subjected to lung surgery. To evaluate the suitability of this model for lung fibrosis research, lung slices were treated with CdCl2 (30 μM), TGF-β1 (1 ng/ml) or CdCl2 plus TGF-β1 for 3 days followed by toxicity assessment, gene expression analysis and histopathological observations. RESULTS CdCl2 treatment resulted in a concentration-dependent toxicity profile evidenced by MTT assay as well as histopathological observations. In comparison with the untreated group, CdCl2 and TGF-β1 significantly induces MMP2 and MMP9 gene expression but not MMP1. Interestingly, CdCl2 plus TGF-β1 significantly induces the expression of MMP1 but not MMP2, MMP7 or MMP9. Microscopic observations reveal the pathogenesis of interstitial lung fibrosis in the lung slices of all groups; however, CdCl2 plus TGF-β1 treatment leads to a greater alveolar septa thickness and the formation of fibroblast foci-like pathological features. The lung slice model is in short of blood supply and the inflammatory/immune-responses are considered minimal. CONCLUSIONS The results are in favor of the hypothesis that idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is mediated by tissue damage and abnormal repair. Induction of MMP1 gene expression and fibroblast foci-like pathogenesis suggest that this model might represent an early stage of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Pengyu Jing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Helina Gan
- Fibroscience LLC, 8037 Glengarriff Rd., Clemmons, NC, 27012, USA
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Ximing Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jiangjiang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Haichao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhipei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | | | - Zhongping Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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3
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Eptaminitaki GC, Zaravinos A, Stellas D, Panagopoulou M, Karaliota S, Baltsavia I, Iliopoulos I, Chatzaki E, Iliopoulos D, Baritaki S. Genome-Wide Analysis of lncRNA-mRNA Co-Expression Networks in CD133+/CD44+ Stem-like PDAC Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041053. [PMID: 36831395 PMCID: PMC9954787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the second most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy and the most common type of pancreatic cancer is linked with poor prognosis and, eventually, with high mortality rates. Early detection is seldom, while tumor heterogeneity and microarchitectural alterations benefit PDAC resistance to conventional therapeutics. Although emerging evidence suggest the core role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in PDAC aggressiveness, unique stem signatures are poorly available, thus limiting the efforts of anti-CSC-targeted therapy. Herein, we report the findings of the first genome-wide analyses of mRNA/lncRNA transcriptome profiling and co-expression networks in PDAC cell line-derived CD133+/CD44+ cells, which were shown to bear a CSC-like phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Compared to CD133-/CD44- cells, the CD133+/CD44+ population demonstrated significant expression differences in both transcript pools. Using emerging bioinformatic tools, we performed lncRNA target coding gene prediction analysis, which revealed significant Gene Ontology (GO), pathway, and network enrichments in many dyregulated lncRNA nearby (cis or trans) mRNAs, with reported involvement in the regulation of CSC phenotype and functions. In this context, the construction of lncRNA/mRNA networks by ingenuity platforms identified the lncRNAs ATF2, CHEK1, DCAF8, and PAX8 to interact with "hub" SC-associated mRNAs. In addition, the expressions of the above lncRNAs retrieved by TCGA-normalized RNAseq gene expression data of PAAD were significantly correlated with clinicopathological features of PDAC, including tumor grade and stage, nodal metastasis, and overall survival. Overall, our findings shed light on the identification of CSC-specific lncRNA signatures with potential prognostic and therapeutic significance in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giasemi C. Eptaminitaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Cancer Genetics, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Panagopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sevasti Karaliota
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ismini Baltsavia
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Division of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioannis Iliopoulos
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Division of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Chatzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Stavroula Baritaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-281-039-4727
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Liu YH, Yuan M, Xu BX, Gao R, You YJ, Wang ZX, Zhang YC, Guo M, Chen ZY, Yu BF, Wang QW, Wang HL, Pang M. ANKRD49 promotes the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma via a P38/ATF-2 signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4401-4415. [PMID: 35775112 PMCID: PMC9357638 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most challenging neoplasm to treat in clinical practice. Ankyrin repeat domain 49 protein (ANKRD49) is highly expressed in several carcinomas; however, its pattern of expression and role in LUAD are not known. Tissue microarrays, immunohistochemistry, χ2 test, Spearman correlation analysis, Kaplan–Meier, log‐rank test, and Cox's proportional hazard model were used to analyse the clinical cases. The effect of ANKRD49 on the LUAD was investigated using CCK‐8, clonal formation, would healing, transwell assays, and nude mice experiment. Expressions of ANKRD49 and its associated downstream protein molecules were verified by real‐time PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and/or immunofluorescence analyses. ANKRD49 expression was highly elevated in LUAD. The survival rate and Cox's modelling analysis indicated that there may be an independent prognostic indicator for LUAD patients. We also found that ANKRD49 promoted the invasion and migration in both in in vitro and in vivo assays, through upregulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9 activities via the P38/ATF‐2 signalling pathway Our findings suggest that ANKRD49 is a latent biomarker for evaluating LUAD prognosis and promotes the metastasis of A549 cells via upregulation of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in a P38/ATF‐2 pathway‐dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hua Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Science Center, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University-Affiliated Honghui Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Science Center, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Bai-Xue Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Science Center, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu-Jie You
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Science Center, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Science Center, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yong-Cai Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Animal Model of Human Disease, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Animal Model of Human Disease, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bao-Feng Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Science Center, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qi-Wei Wang
- Class ZT011907, The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Science Center, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Min Pang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Taiyuan, China
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Vignet P, Coquet J, Auber S, Boudet M, Siegel A, Théret N. Discrete modeling for integration and analysis of large-scale signaling networks. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010175. [PMID: 35696426 PMCID: PMC9232147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most biological processes are orchestrated by large-scale molecular networks which are described in large-scale model repositories and whose dynamics are extremely complex. An observed phenotype is a state of this system that results from control mechanisms whose identification is key to its understanding. The Biological Pathway Exchange (BioPAX) format is widely used to standardize the biological information relative to regulatory processes. However, few modeling approaches developed so far enable for computing the events that control a phenotype in large-scale networks. Here we developed an integrated approach to build large-scale dynamic networks from BioPAX knowledge databases in order to analyse trajectories and to identify sets of biological entities that control a phenotype. The Cadbiom approach relies on the guarded transitions formalism, a discrete modeling approach which models a system dynamics by taking into account competition and cooperation events in chains of reactions. The method can be applied to every BioPAX (large-scale) model thanks to a specific package which automatically generates Cadbiom models from BioPAX files. The Cadbiom framework was applied to the BioPAX version of two resources (PID, KEGG) of the Pathway Commons database and to the Atlas of Cancer Signalling Network (ACSN). As a case-study, it was used to characterize sets of biological entities implicated in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Our results highlight the similarities between the PID and ACSN resources in terms of biological content, and underline the heterogeneity of usage of the BioPAX semantics limiting the fusion of models that require curation. Causality analyses demonstrate the smart complementarity of the databases in terms of combinatorics of controllers that explain a phenotype. From a biological perspective, our results show the specificity of controllers for epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes that are consistent with the literature and identify a novel signature for intermediate states. The computation of sets of biological entities implicated in phenotypes is hampered by the complex nature of controllers acting in competitive or cooperative combinations. These biological mechanisms are underlied by chains of reactions involving interactions between biomolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, complexes, etc.), all of which form complex networks. Hence, the identification of controllers relies on computational methods for dynamical systems, which require the biological information about the interactions to be translated into a formal language. The BioPAX standard is a reference ontology associated with a description language to describe biological mechanisms, which satisfies the Linked Open Data initiative recommendations for data interoperability. Although it has been widely adopted by the community to describe biological pathways, no computational method is able of studying the dynamics of the networks described in the BioPAX large-scale resources. To solve this issue, our Cadbiom framework was designed to automatically transcribe the biological systems knowledge of large-scale BioPAX networks into discrete models. The framework then identifies the trajectories that explain a biological phenotype (e.g., all the biomolecules that are activated to induce the expression of a gene). Here, we created Cadbiom models from three biological pathway databases (KEGG, PID and ACSN). The comparative analysis of these models highlighted the diversity of molecules in sets of biological entities that can explain a same phenotype. The application of our framework to the search of biomolecules regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition not only confirmed known pathways in the control of epithelial or mesenchymal cell markers but also highlighted new pathways for transient states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Vignet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR S1085, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, UMR 6074, Rennes, France
| | - Jean Coquet
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, UMR 6074, Rennes, France
| | - Sébastien Auber
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR S1085, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, UMR 6074, Rennes, France
| | - Matéo Boudet
- IGEPP, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Anne Siegel
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, UMR 6074, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (AS); (NT)
| | - Nathalie Théret
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR S1085, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (AS); (NT)
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Kou L, Jiang X, Lin X, Huang H, Wang J, Yao Q, Chen R. Matrix Metalloproteinase Inspired Therapeutic Strategies for Bone Diseases. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:451-467. [PMID: 32603279 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200630140735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), as a family of zinc-containing enzymes, show the function of decomposing Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and participate in the physiological processes of cell migration, growth, inflammation, and metabolism. Clinical and experimental studies have indicated that MMPs play an essential role in tissue injury and repair as well as tumor diagnosis, metastasis, and prognosis. An increasing number of researchers have paid attention to their functions and mechanisms in bone health and diseases. The present review focuses on MMPs-inspired therapeutic strategies for the treatment of bone-related diseases. We introduce the role of MMPs in bone diseases, highlight the MMPs-inspired therapeutic options, and posit MMPs as a trigger for smart cell/drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfa Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinlu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huirong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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7
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Bao JM, Dang Q, Lin CJ, Lo UG, Feldkoren B, Dang A, Hernandez E, Li F, Panwar V, Lee CF, Cen JJ, Guan B, Margulis V, Kapur P, Brekken RA, Luo JH, Hsieh JT, Tan WL. SPARC is a key mediator of TGF-β-induced renal cancer metastasis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:1926-1938. [PMID: 32780451 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression by inducing cancer metastasis. However, the downstream effector(s) in TGF-β signaling pathway is not fully characterized. In the present study, the elevation of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) as a TGF-β regulated gene in RCC was identified by applying differentially expressed gene analysis and microarray analysis, we further confirmed this result in several RCC cell lines. Clinically, the expression of these two genes is positively correlated in RCC patient specimens. Furthermore, elevated SPARC expression is found in all the subtypes of RCC and positively correlated with the RCC stage and grade. In contrast, SPARC expression is inversely correlated with overall and disease-free survival of patients with RCC, suggesting SPARC as a potent prognostic marker of RCC patient survival. Knocking down SPARC significantly inhibits RCC cell invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, in vitro cell invasion can be diminished by using a specific monoclonal antibody. Mechanistically, SPARC activates protein kinase B (AKT) pathway leading to elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 that can facilitate RCC invasion. Altogether, our data support that SPARC is a critical role of TGF-β signaling network underlying RCC progression and a potential therapeutic target as well as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ming Bao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Qiang Dang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - U-Ging Lo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Boris Feldkoren
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Andrew Dang
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Elizabeth Hernandez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vandana Panwar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Cheng-Fan Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jun-Jie Cen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Guan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Vitaly Margulis
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery and Pharmacology, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jun-Hang Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Wan-Long Tan
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Nabi R, Alvi SS, Shah A, Chaturvedi CP, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Ahmad S, Khan MS. Ezetimibe attenuates experimental diabetes and renal pathologies via targeting the advanced glycation, oxidative stress and AGE-RAGE signalling in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021:1-16. [PMID: 33508970 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1874996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The current in-vivo study was premeditated to uncover the protective role of ezetimibe (EZ) against advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)-related pathologies in experimental diabetes. Our results showed that EZ markedly improved the altered biochemical markers of diabetes mellitus (DM) (FBG, HbA1c, insulin, microalbumin, and creatinine) and cardiovascular disease (in-vivo lipid/lipoprotein level and hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity) along with diminished plasma carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and renal fluorescent AGEs level. Gene expression study revealed that EZ significantly down-regulated the renal AGEs-receptor (RAGE), nuclear factor-κB (NFκB-2), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA expression, however, the neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) mRNA expression was up-regulated. In addition, EZ also maintained the redox status via decreasing the lipid peroxidation and protein-bound carbonyl content (CC) and increasing the activity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated-paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and renal antioxidant enzymes as well as also protected renal histopathological features. We conclude that EZ exhibits antidiabetic and reno-protective properties in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Nabi
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sahir Sultan Alvi
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Arunim Shah
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Chandra P Chaturvedi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - M Salman Khan
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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9
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Usman M, Khan RA, Khan MR, Abul Farah M, BinSharfan II, Alharbi W, Shaik JP, Parine NR, Alsalme A, Tabassum S. A novel biocompatible formate bridged 1D-Cu(ii) coordination polymer induces apoptosis selectively in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2253-2267. [PMID: 33506238 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03782f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Copper compounds are promising candidates for next-generation metal anticancer drugs. Therefore, we synthesized and characterized a formate bridged 1D coordination polymer [Cu(L)(HCOO)2]n, (L = 2-methoxy-6-methyl-3-((quinolin-8-ylimino)methyl)chroman-4-ol), PCU1, wherein the Cu(ii) center adopts a square pyramidal coordination environment with adjacent CuCu distances of 5.28 Å. Primarily, in vitro DNA interaction studies revealed a metallopolymer which possesses high DNA binding propensity and cleaves DNA via the oxidative pathway. We further analysed its potential on cancerous cells MCF-7, HeLa, A549, and two non-tumorigenic cells HEK293 and HBE. The selective cytotoxicity potential of PCU1 against A549 cells driven us to examine the mechanistic pathways comprehensively by carrying out various assays viz, cell cycle arrest, Annexin V-FTIC/PI assay, autophagy, intercellular localization, mitochondrial membrane potential 'MMP', antiproliferative assay, and gene expression of TGF-β and MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India.
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10
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Inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis by targeting TGF-β-Smad-MMP2 pathway with Asiatic acid and Naringenin. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 20:277-289. [PMID: 33614911 PMCID: PMC7873580 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has been shown to promote tumor invasion and metastasis by activating the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); however, signaling mechanisms remain controversial and therapies targeting MMPs are still suboptimal. In the present study, we found that combined therapy with Asiatic acid (AA), a Smad7 agonist, and Naringenin (NG), a Smad3 inhibitor, effectively retrieved the balance between Smad3 and Smad7 signaling in the TGF-β-rich tumor microenvironment and thus significantly suppressed tumor invasion and metastasis in mouse models of melanoma and lung carcinoma. Mechanistically, we unraveled that Smad3 acted as a transcriptional activator of MMP2 and as a transcriptional suppressor of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP2) via binding to 5′ UTR of MMP2 and 3′ UTR of TIMP2, respectively. Treatment with NG inhibited Smad3-mediated MMP2 transcription while increasing TIMP, whereas treatment with AA enhanced Smad7 to suppress TGF-β/Smad3 signaling, as well as the activation of MMP2 by targeting the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-membrane-type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP) axis. Therefore, the combination of AA and NG additively suppressed invasion and metastasis of melanoma and lung carcinoma by targeting TGF-β/Smad-dependent MMP2 transcription, post-translational activation, and function.
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11
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Wei TH, Hsieh CL. Effect of Acupuncture on the p38 Signaling Pathway in Several Nervous System Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4693. [PMID: 32630156 PMCID: PMC7370084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is clinically used to treat various diseases and exerts positive local and systemic effects in several nervous system diseases. Advanced molecular and clinical studies have continually attempted to decipher the mechanisms underlying these effects of acupuncture. While a growing understanding of the pathophysiology underlying several nervous system diseases shows it to be related to inflammation and impair cell regeneration after ischemic events, the relationship between the therapeutic mechanism of acupuncture and the p38 MAPK signal pathway has yet to be elucidated. This review discusses the latest advancements in the identification of the effect of acupuncture on the p38 signaling pathway in several nervous system diseases. We electronically searched databases including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from their inception to April 2020, using the following keywords alone or in various combinations: "acupuncture", "p38 MAPK pathway", "signaling", "stress response", "inflammation", "immune", "pain", "analgesic", "cerebral ischemic injury", "epilepsy", "Alzheimer's disease", "Parkinson's disease", "dementia", "degenerative", and "homeostasis". Manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture confer positive therapeutic effects by regulating proinflammatory cytokines, ion channels, scaffold proteins, and transcription factors including TRPV1/4, Nav, BDNF, and NADMR1; consequently, p38 regulates various phenomena including cell communication, remodeling, regeneration, and gene expression. In this review article, we found the most common acupoints for the relief of nervous system disorders including GV20, GV14, ST36, ST37, and LI4. Acupuncture exhibits dual regulatory functions of activating or inhibiting different p38 MAPK pathways, contributing to an overall improvement of clinical symptoms and function in several nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsuan Wei
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan;
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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12
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Yin Y, Shelke GV, Lässer C, Brismar H, Lötvall J. Extracellular vesicles from mast cells induce mesenchymal transition in airway epithelial cells. Respir Res 2020; 21:101. [PMID: 32357878 PMCID: PMC7193353 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the airways, mast cells are present in close vicinity to epithelial cells, and they can interact with each other via multiple factors, including extracellular vesicles (EVs). Mast cell-derived EVs have a large repertoire of cargos, including proteins and RNA, as well as surface DNA. In this study, we hypothesized that these EVs can induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in airway epithelial cells. Methods In this in-vitro study we systematically determined the effects of mast cell-derived EVs on epithelial A549 cells. We determined the changes that are induced by EVs on A549 cells at both the RNA and protein levels. Moreover, we also analyzed the rapid changes in phosphorylation events in EV-recipient A549 cells using a phosphorylated protein microarray. Some of the phosphorylation-associated events associated with EMT were validated using immunoblotting. Results Morphological and transcript analysis of epithelial A549 cells indicated that an EMT-like phenotype was induced by the EVs. Transcript analysis indicated the upregulation of genes involved in EMT, including TWIST1, MMP9, TGFB1, and BMP-7. This was accompanied by downregulation of proteins such as E-cadherin and upregulation of Slug-Snail and matrix metalloproteinases. Additionally, our phosphorylated-protein microarray analysis revealed proteins associated with the EMT cascade that were upregulated after EV treatment. We also found that transforming growth factor beta-1, a well-known EMT inducer, is associated with EVs and mediates the EMT cascade induced in the A549 cells. Conclusion Mast cell-derived EVs mediate the induction of EMT in epithelial cells, and our evidence suggests that this is triggered through the induction of protein phosphorylation cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yin
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,The Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Brismar
- Science for Life Laboratory, Dept. of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, PO Box 1031, 17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Sharma P, Gupta S, Chaudhary M, Mitra S, Chawla B, Khursheed MA, Saran NK, Ramachandran R. Biphasic Role of Tgf-β Signaling during Müller Glia Reprogramming and Retinal Regeneration in Zebrafish. iScience 2020; 23:100817. [PMID: 32004993 PMCID: PMC6994856 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tgf-β signaling is a major antiproliferative pathway governing different biological functions, including cellular reprogramming. Upon injury, Müller glial cells of zebrafish retina reprogram to form progenitors (MGPCs) essential for regeneration. Here, the significance of Tgf-β signaling for inducing MGPCs is explored. Notably, Tgf-β signaling not only performs a pro-proliferative function but also is necessary for the expression of several regeneration-associated, essential transcription factor genes such as ascl1a, lin28a, oct4, sox2, and zebs and various microRNAs, namely, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-143, and miR-145 during different phases of retinal regeneration. This study also found the indispensable role played by Mmp2/Mmp9 in the efficacy of Tgf-β signaling. Furthermore, the Tgf-β signaling is essential to cause cell cycle exit of MGPCs towards later phases of regeneration. Finally, the Delta-Notch signaling in collaboration with Tgf-β signaling regulates the critical factor, Her4.1. This study provides novel insights into the biphasic roles of Tgf-β signaling in zebrafish during retinal regeneration. Tgf-β signaling is essential for retinal progenitor proliferation and cell cycle exit pSmad3 binds to 5GC and TIE elements to cause gene activations and repressions Tgf-β signaling regulates Zebs and various miRNAs for cellular reprograming Translation of Tgf-β signaling requires Mmp2/Mmp9 activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Shivangi Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Mansi Chaudhary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Soumitra Mitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Bindia Chawla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Mohammad Anwar Khursheed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Navnoor Kaur Saran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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14
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Abstract
Mutations in extracellular matrix and smooth muscle cell contractile proteins predispose to thoracic aortic aneurysms in Marfan syndrome (MFS) and related disorders. These genetic alterations lead to a compromised extracellular matrix-smooth muscle cell contractile unit. The abnormal aortic tissue responds with defective mechanosensing under hemodynamic stress. Aberrant mechanosensing is associated with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) hyperactivity, enhanced angiotensin-II (Ang-II) signaling, and perturbation of other cellular signaling pathways. The downstream consequences include enhanced proteolytic activity, expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, infiltration of inflammatory cells in the aortic wall, vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, and medial degeneration. Mouse models highlight aortic inflammation as a contributing factor in the development of aortic aneurysms. Anti-inflammatory drugs and antioxidants can reduce aortic oxidative stress that prevents aggravation of aortic disease in MFS mice. Targeting TGF-β and Ang-II downstream signaling pathways such as ERK1/2, mTOR, PI3/Akt, P38/MAPK, and Rho kinase signaling attenuates disease pathogenesis. Aortic extracellular matrix degradation and medial degeneration were reduced upon inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, but the latter lack specificity. Treating inflammation associated with aortic aneurysms in MFS and related disorders could prove to be beneficial in limiting disease pathogenesis.
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15
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Ayala-Domínguez L, Olmedo-Nieva L, Muñoz-Bello JO, Contreras-Paredes A, Manzo-Merino J, Martínez-Ramírez I, Lizano M. Mechanisms of Vasculogenic Mimicry in Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:998. [PMID: 31612116 PMCID: PMC6776917 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors carry out the formation of new vessels providing blood supply for growth, tumor maintenance, and metastasis. Several processes take place during tumor vascularization. In angiogenesis, new vessels are derived from endothelial cells of pre-existing vessels; while in vasculogenesis, new vessels are formed de novo from endothelial progenitor cells, creating an abnormal, immature, and disorganized vascular network. Moreover, highly aggressive tumor cells form structures similar to vessels, providing a pathway for perfusion; this process is named vasculogenic mimicry (VM), where vessel-like channels mimic the function of vessels and transport plasma and blood cells. VM is developed by numerous types of aggressive tumors, including ovarian carcinoma which is the second most common cause of death among gynecological cancers. VM has been associated with poor patient outcome and survival in ovarian cancer, although the involved mechanisms are still under investigation. Several signaling molecules have an important role in VM in ovarian cancer, by regulating the expression of genes related to vascular, embryogenic, and hypoxic signaling pathways. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the signaling molecules involved in the promotion and regulation of VM in ovarian cancer. The clinical implications and the potential benefit of identification and targeting of VM related molecules for ovarian cancer treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lízbeth Ayala-Domínguez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leslie Olmedo-Nieva
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Omar Muñoz-Bello
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Contreras-Paredes
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Imelda Martínez-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Amer S, Alsayegh F, Mashaal Z, Mohamed S, Shawa N, Rajan K, Ahmed SBM. Role of TGF‑β in the motility of ShcD‑overexpressing 293 cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2667-2674. [PMID: 31524262 PMCID: PMC6691231 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly identified Src homology and collagen (Shc) family member ShcD was observed to be upregulated in 50% of vertical growth phase and metastatic melanomas. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which ShcD mediates cell motility. 293 cell lines were altered to stably express GFP (GF) or GFP‑ShcD (G5). Treatment of the cells with transforming growth factor (TGF)β2 promoted extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and, to a lesser extent, Smad2 phosphorylation in GFP‑ShcD‑expressing cells but not in GFP‑overexpressing cells. GFP‑ShcD‑expressing cells exhibited upregulated expression of certain epithelial‑mesenchymal transition‑related genes, such as snail family transcriptional repressor 1 and SLUG, than GFP‑expressing cells. Higher levels of ERK were found in the nuclear fraction of GFP‑ShcD‑expressing cells than that of GFP‑expressing cells. Overall, GFP‑ShcD‑expressing cells demonstrated enhanced migration compared with GFP‑expressing cells. A slight increase in cell migration was observed in both cell lines (GF and G5) when the cells were allowed to migrate towards conditioned medium derived from TGFβ2‑treated GFP‑ShcD expressing cells. Collectively, ShcD upregulation was proposed to induce cell migration by affecting the expression of certain epithelial‑mesenchymal transition‑related genes. Thus, our findings may improve understanding of the role of ShcD in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Amer
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fadi Alsayegh
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zeina Mashaal
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salma Mohamed
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Shawa
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Keerthi Rajan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samrein B M Ahmed
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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17
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Das V, Bhattacharya S, Chikkaputtaiah C, Hazra S, Pal M. The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT): A study from a structure, dynamics, and functional perspective. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14535-14555. [PMID: 30723913 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key step in transdifferentiation process in solid cancer development. Forthcoming evidence suggest that the stratified program transforms polarized, immotile epithelial cells to migratory mesenchymal cells associated with enhancement of breast cancer stemness, metastasis, and drug resistance. It involves primarily several signaling pathways, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), cadherin, notch, plasminogen activator protein inhibitor, urokinase plasminogen activator, and WNT/beta catenin pathways. However, current understanding on the crosstalk of multisignaling pathways and assemblies of key transcription factors remain to be explored. In this review, we focus on the crosstalk of signal transduction pathways linked to the current therapeutic and drug development strategies. We have also performed the computational modeling on indepth the structure and conformational dynamic studies of regulatory proteins and analyze molecular interactions with their associate factors to understand the complicated process of EMT in breast cancer progression and metastasis. Electrostatic potential surfaces have been analyzed that help in optimization of electrostatic interactions between the protein and its ligand. Therefore, understanding the biological implications underlying the EMT process through molecular biology with biocomputation and structural biology approaches will enable the development of new therapeutic strategies to sensitize tumors to conventional therapy and suppress their metastatic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Das
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division (Biotechnology Group), CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Sourya Bhattacharya
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division (Biotechnology Group), CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Saugata Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mintu Pal
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division (Biotechnology Group), CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jorhat, Assam, India
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Eosinophils are short-lived granulocytes that contain a variety of proteins and lipids traditionally associated with host defense against parasites. The primary goal of this review is to examine more recent evidence that challenged this rather outdated role of eosinophils in the context of pulmonary infections with helminths, viruses, and bacteria. RECENT FINDINGS While eosinophil mechanisms that counter parasites, viruses, and bacteria are similar, the kinetics and impact may differ by pathogen type. Major antiparasitic responses include direct killing and immunoregulation, as well as some mechanisms by which parasite survival/growth is supported. Antiviral defenses may be as unembellished as granule protein-induced direct killing or more urbane as serving as a conduit for better adaptive immune responses to the invading virus. Although sacrificial, eosinophil DNA emitted in response to bacteria helps trap bacteria to limit dissemination. Herein, we discuss the current research redefining eosinophils as multifunctional cells that are active participants in host defense against lung pathogens. Eosinophils recognize and differentially respond to invading pathogens, allowing them to deploy innate defense mechanisms to contain and clear the infection, or modulate the immune response. Modern technology and animal models have unraveled hitherto unknown capabilities of this surreptitious cell that indubitably has more functions awaiting discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S LeMessurier
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy - Immunology, and Sleep, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Amali E Samarasinghe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy - Immunology, and Sleep, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA.
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19
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Smith LC, Moreno S, Robertson L, Robinson S, Gant K, Bryant AJ, Sabo-Attwood T. Transforming growth factor beta1 targets estrogen receptor signaling in bronchial epithelial cells. Respir Res 2018; 19:160. [PMID: 30165855 PMCID: PMC6117929 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sex differences in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) suggest a protective role for estrogen (E2); however, mechanistic studies in animal models have produced mixed results. Reports using cell lines have investigated molecular interactions between transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) and estrogen receptor (ESR) pathways in breast, prostate, and skin cells, but no such interactions have been described in human lung cells. To address this gap in the literature, we investigated a role for E2 in modulating TGF-β1-induced signaling mechanisms and identified novel pathways impacted by estrogen in bronchial epithelial cells. Methods We investigated a role for E2 in modulating TGF-β1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2Bs) and characterized the effect of TGF-β1 on ESR mRNA and protein expression in BEAS-2Bs. We also quantified mRNA expression of ESRs in lung tissue from individuals with IPF and identified potential downstream targets of E2 signaling in BEAS-2Bs using RNA-Seq and gene set enrichment analysis. Results E2 negligibly modulated TGF-β1-induced EMT; however, we report the novel observation that TGF-β1 repressed ESR expression, most notably estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1). Results of the RNA-Seq analysis showed that TGF-β1 and E2 inversely modulated the expression of several genes involved in processes such as extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, airway smooth muscle cell contraction, and calcium flux regulation. We also report that E2 specifically modulated the expression of genes involved in chromatin remodeling pathways and that this regulation was absent in the presence of TGF-β1. Conclusions Collectively, these results suggest that E2 influences unexplored pathways that may be relevant to pulmonary disease and highlights potential roles for E2 in the lung that may contribute to sex-specific differences. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0861-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cody Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lauren Robertson
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Box 110885, 2187 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Sarah Robinson
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Box 110885, 2187 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kristal Gant
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Box 110885, 2187 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Andrew J Bryant
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Box 110885, 2187 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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20
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Kucharczyk M, Kurek A, Pomierny B, Detka J, Papp M, Tota K, Budziszewska B. The reduced level of growth factors in an animal model of depression is accompanied by regulated necrosis in the frontal cortex but not in the hippocampus. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 94:121-133. [PMID: 29775875 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we asked if the different types of stress alter neuronal plasticity markers distinctively in the frontal cortex (FCx) and in the hippocampus (Hp). To do so, we implemented various stress regimens to analyze changes evoked in these rat brain structures. We utilized several molecular techniques, including western blot, ELISA, quantitative RT-PCR, and various biochemical assays, to examine a range of proteins and subjected rats to behavioral tests to evaluate potential maladaptive alterations. A decrease in the level of growth factors in the FCx was accompanied by changes suggesting damage of this structure in the manner of regulated necrosis, while the Hp appeared to be protected. The observed changes in the brain region-specific alterations in neurotrophin processing may also depend on the period of life, in which an animal experiences stress and the duration of the stressful stimuli. We conclude that chronic stress during pregnancy can result in serious alterations in the functioning of the FCx of the progeny, facilitating the development of depressive behavior later in life. We also suggest that the altered energy metabolism may redirect pro-NGF/p75NTR/ATF2 signaling in the cortical neurons towards cellular death resembling regulated necrosis, rather than apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kucharczyk
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Kurek
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz Pomierny
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Detka
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Papp
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tota
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogusława Budziszewska
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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21
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Jin Y, Weinstein DC. Pitx1 regulates cement gland development in Xenopus laevis through activation of transcriptional targets and inhibition of BMP signaling. Dev Biol 2018. [PMID: 29530451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cement gland in Xenopus laevis has long been used as a model to study the interplay of cell signaling and transcription factors during embryogenesis. It has been shown that an intermediate level of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling is essential for cement gland formation. In addition, several transcription factors have been linked to cement gland development. One of these, the homeodomain-containing protein Pitx1, can generate ectopic cement gland formation; however, the mechanisms underlying this process remain obscure. We report here, for the first time, a requirement for Pitx proteins in cement gland formation, in vivo: knockdown of both pitx1 and the closely related pitx2c inhibit endogenous cement gland formation. Pitx1 transcriptionally activates cement gland differentiation genes through both direct and indirect mechanisms, and functions as a transcriptional activator to inhibit BMP signaling. This inhibition, required for the expression of pitx genes, is partially mediated by Pitx1-dependent follistatin expression. Complete suppression of BMP signaling inhibits induction of cement gland markers by Pitx1; furthermore, we find that Pitx1 physically interacts with Smad1, an intracellular transducer of BMP signaling. We propose a model of cement gland formation in which Pitx1 limits local BMP signaling within the cement gland primordium, and recruits Smad1 to activate direct downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin
- Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel C Weinstein
- Department of Biology, Queens College, The City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Queens, NY 11367, USA.
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22
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Dahal S, Broekelman T, Mecham RP, Ramamurthi A. Maintaining Elastogenicity of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Smooth Muscle Cells in Two-Dimensional Culture. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:979-989. [PMID: 29264957 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are localized expansions of the abdominal aorta that grow slowly to rupture. AAA growth is driven by irreversible elastic matrix breakdown in the aorta wall by chronically upregulated matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). Since adult vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) poorly regenerate elastic matrix, we previously explored utility of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and SMCs derived therefrom (BM-SMCs) for this purpose. One specific differentiated phenotype (cBM-SMCs) generated on a fibronectin substrate in presence of exogenous transforming growth factor-β and platelet-derived growth factor exhibited superior elastogenicity versus other phenotypes, and usefully provided proelastogenic and antiproteolytic stimuli to aneurysmal SMCs. Since in vivo cell therapy demands large cell inoculates, these derived SMCs must be propagated in vitro while maintaining their superior elastogenic, proelastogenic, and antiproteolytic characteristics. In this work, we thus investigated the culture conditions that must be provided to this propagation phase, which ensure that the differentiated SMCs maintain their phenotype and matrix regenerative benefits. Our results indicate that our BM-SMCs retain their phenotype in long-term culture even in the absence of differentiation growth factors and fibronectin substrate, but these conditions must be continued to be provided during postdifferentiation propagation if they are to maintain their superior elastic matrix deposition, crosslinking, and fiber formation properties. Our study, however, showed that cells propagated under these conditions exhibit higher expression of MMP-2, but favorably, no expression of elastolytic MMP-9. Hence, the study outcomes provide crucial guidelines to maintain phenotypic stability of cBM-SMCs during their propagation in two-dimensional culture before their delivery to the AAA wall for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shataakshi Dahal
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Thomas Broekelman
- 2 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University at St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert P Mecham
- 2 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University at St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anand Ramamurthi
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio.,3 Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
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23
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CR6-interacting factor 1 inhibits invasiveness by suppressing TGF-β-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94759-94768. [PMID: 29212264 PMCID: PMC5706910 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CR6-interacting factor 1 (CRIF1) regulates cell cycle progression and the DNA damage response. Here, we show that CRIF1 expression is decreased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and positively correlates with patients’ survival. In vitro, down-regulation of CRIF1 promotes HCC cell proliferation and invasiveness, while over-expression has the opposite effect. in vivo, CRIF1 knockdown enhances growth of HCC xenografts. Analysis of mRNA microarrays showed that CRIF1 knockdown activates genes involved in TGF-β RI/Smad2/3 signaling, leading to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) expression. However, cell invasion and EMT are abrogated in HCC cells treated with SB525334, a specific TGF-β RI inhibitor, which indicates the inhibitory effect of CRIF1 on HCC tumor growth is mediated by TGF-β signaling. These results demonstrate that CRIF1 benefits patient survival by inhibiting HCC cell invasiveness through suppression of TGF-β-mediated EMT and MMP3 expression. This suggests CRIF1 may serve as a novel target for inhibiting HCC metastasis.
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24
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Santibanez JF, Obradović H, Kukolj T, Krstić J. Transforming growth factor-β, matrix metalloproteinases, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator interaction in the cancer epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:382-395. [PMID: 28722327 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic factor that acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages, while it exerts tumor promoting activities in advanced stages of cancer development. One of the hallmarks of cancer progression is the capacity of cancer cells to migrate and invade surrounding tissues with subsequent metastasis to different organs. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) together with urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR), whose main original function described is the proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix, play key cellular roles in the enhancement of cell malignancy during cancer progression. TGF-β tightly regulates the expression of several MMPs and uPA/uPAR in cancer cells, which in return can participate in TGF-β activation, thus contributing to tumor malignancy. TGF-β is one of the master factors in the induction of cancer-associated epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and recently both MMPs and uPA/uPAR have also been shown to be implicated in the cancer-associated EMT process. In this review, we analyze the main molecular mechanisms underlying MMPs and uPA/uPAR regulation by TGF-β, as well as their mutual implication in the development of EMT in cancer cells. Developmental Dynamics 247:382-395, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Santibanez
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.,Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hristina Obradović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Tamara Kukolj
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Jelena Krstić
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.,Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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25
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Noncanonical Decapentaplegic Signaling Activates Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 To Restrict Hedgehog Activity and Limit Ectopic Eye Differentiation in Drosophila. Genetics 2017; 207:197-213. [PMID: 28696218 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.201053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the pertinent issues associated with cellular plasticity is to understand how the delicate balance between the determined state of cells and the extent to which they can transdetermine is maintained. Employing the well-established model of generating ectopic eyes in developing wing discs of Drosophila by ectopic eyeless expression, we provide evidence for the genetic basis of this mechanism. By both loss-of-function and gain-of-function genetic analyses, we demonstrate that Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (Mmp1) plays an important role in regulating the extent of ectopic ommatidial differentiation. Transcriptional activation of ectopic Mmp1 by the morphogen Decapentaplegic (Dpp) is not triggered by its canonical signaling pathway which involves Mad. Rather, Dpp activates an alternate cascade involving dTak1 and JNK, to induce ectopic Mmp1 expression. Mutational analyses reveal that Mmp1 negatively regulates ectopic eye differentiation by restricting the rate of proliferation and the levels of expression of retinal-determining genes dachshund and eyes absent This is primarily achieved by restricting the range of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Importantly, the increase in proliferation and upregulation of target retinal-determining genes, as observed upon attenuating Mmp1 activity, gets significantly rescued when ectopic eyes are generated in wing discs of hh heterozygous mutants. In conjunction with the previously established instructive and permissive roles of Dpp in facilitating ectopic eye differentiation in wing discs, the outcome of this study sheds light on a mechanism by which Dpp plays a dual role in modulating the delicate balance between the determined state of cells and the extent they can transdetermine.
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26
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Liu S, Wang F, Liu J, Jin P, Wang X, Yang L, Xi S. ATF2 partly mediated the expressions of proliferative factors and inhibited pro-inflammatory factors' secretion in arsenite-treated human uroepithelial cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:468-476. [PMID: 30090515 PMCID: PMC6062379 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00407e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) could induce the expression of activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2) in the human urinary bladder epithelial cell line (SV-HUC-1 cells). ATF2, as a member of the bZIP transcription factor family, has been implicated in a transcriptional response leading to cell growth, migration and malignant tumor progression. However, little is known about the effects of ATF2 on proliferative factors in iAs treated human urothelial cells. In this study, ATF2 siRNA was employed to investigate the relationship between ATF2 activation and the expressions of proliferative factors, such as BCL2, cyclin D1, COX-2, MMP1 and PCNA, and pro-inflammatory factors (TNFα, TGFα and IL-8) in SV-HUC-1 cells. The results showed that low concentration arsenite increased the expressions of proliferative factors BCL2, cyclin D1, COX-2, MMP1 and PCNA in SV-HUC-1 cells, and ATF2 siRNA partly decreased the expressions of BCL2, cyclin D1, and COX-2. A neutralizing antibody of IL-8 was used for attenuating the levels of IL-8 and neutralizing antibody of IL-8 did not relieve the expressions of ATF2 and proliferative factors induced by arsenite in SV-HUC-1 cells. In addition, ATF2 knockdown did not decrease the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by arsenite in SV-HUC-1 cells, but dramatically increased mRNA expressions of TNFα, TGFα and IL-8 under arsenite and non-arsenite conditions. In conclusion, our present study indicated that ATF2, but not IL-8, played a partial role in the expressions of proliferative factors induced by arsenite in human uroepithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , School of Public Health , China Medical University , No. 77 Puhe Road , Shenyang North New Area , Shenyang , Liaoning Province 110122 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , School of Public Health , China Medical University , No. 77 Puhe Road , Shenyang North New Area , Shenyang , Liaoning Province 110122 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , School of Public Health , China Medical University , No. 77 Puhe Road , Shenyang North New Area , Shenyang , Liaoning Province 110122 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Peiyu Jin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , School of Public Health , China Medical University , No. 77 Puhe Road , Shenyang North New Area , Shenyang , Liaoning Province 110122 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , School of Public Health , China Medical University , No. 77 Puhe Road , Shenyang North New Area , Shenyang , Liaoning Province 110122 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , School of Public Health , China Medical University , No. 77 Puhe Road , Shenyang North New Area , Shenyang , Liaoning Province 110122 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , School of Public Health , China Medical University , No. 77 Puhe Road , Shenyang North New Area , Shenyang , Liaoning Province 110122 , People's Republic of China .
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27
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TGF-β induces phosphorylation of phosphatase and tensin homolog: implications for fibrosis of the trabecular meshwork tissue in glaucoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:812. [PMID: 28400560 PMCID: PMC5429747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fundamental cell signaling mechanisms that regulate dynamic remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in mechanically loaded tissues are not yet clearly understood. Trabecular meshwork (TM) tissue in the eye is under constant mechanical stress and continuous remodeling of ECM is crucial to maintain normal aqueous humor drainage and intraocular pressure (IOP). However, excessive ECM remodeling can cause fibrosis of the TM as in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, and is characterized by increased resistance to aqueous humor drainage, elevated IOP, optic nerve degeneration and blindness. Increased levels of active transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) in the aqueous humor is the main cause of fibrosis of TM in POAG patients. Herein, we report a novel finding that, in TM cells, TGF-β-induced increase in collagen expression is associated with phosphorylation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) at residues Ser380/Thr382/383. Exogenous overexpression of a mutated form of PTEN with enhanced phosphatase activity prevented the TGF-β-induced collagen expression by TM cells. We propose that rapid alteration of PTEN activity through changes in its phosphorylation status could uniquely regulate the continuous remodeling of ECM in the normal TM. Modulating PTEN activity may have high therapeutic potential to alleviating the fibrosis of TM in POAG patients.
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28
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Pap D, Sziksz E, Kiss Z, Rokonay R, Veres-Székely A, Lippai R, Takács IM, Kis É, Fekete A, Reusz G, Szabó AJ, Vannay A. Microarray Analysis Reveals Increased Expression of Matrix Metalloproteases and Cytokines of Interleukin-20 Subfamily in the Kidneys of Neonate Rats Underwent Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction: A Potential Role of IL-24 in the Regulation of Inflammation and Tissue Remodeling. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:16-32. [PMID: 28253513 DOI: 10.1159/000464317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Congenital obstructive nephropathy (CON) is the main cause of pediatric chronic kidney diseases leading to renal fibrosis. High morbidity and limited treatment opportunities of CON urge the better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS To identify the differentially expressed genes, microarray analysis was performed on the kidney samples of neonatal rats underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Microarray results were then validated by real-time RT-PCR and bioinformatics analysis was carried out to identify the relevant genes, functional groups and pathways involved in the pathomechanism of CON. Renal expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 and interleukin (IL)-24 were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR, flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analysis. Effect of the main profibrotic factors on the expression of MMP-12 and IL-24 was investigated on HK-2 and HEK-293 cell lines. Finally, the effect of IL-24 treatment on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMPs were tested in vitro. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed 880 transcripts showing >2.0-fold change following UUO, enriched mainly in immune response related processes. The most up-regulated genes were MMPs and members of IL-20 cytokine subfamily, including MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-12, IL-19 and IL-24. We found that while TGF-β treatment inhibits the expression of MMP-12 and IL-24, H2O2 or PDGF-B treatment induce the epithelial expression of MMP-12. We demonstrated that IL-24 treatment decreases the expression of IL-6 and MMP-3 in the renal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an extensive view of UUO induced changes in the gene expression profile of the developing kidney and describes novel molecules, which may play significant role in the pathomechanism of CON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domonkos Pap
- MTA-SE, Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erna Sziksz
- MTA-SE, Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kiss
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Rokonay
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Apor Veres-Székely
- MTA-SE, Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Lippai
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Éva Kis
- MTA-SE, Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Fekete
- MTA-SE, Lendület Diabetes Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Reusz
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila J Szabó
- MTA-SE, Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam Vannay
- MTA-SE, Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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29
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CUG-binding protein 1 regulates HSC activation and liver fibrogenesis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13498. [PMID: 27853137 PMCID: PMC5118555 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a key step in liver fibrogenesis. Here we report that CUG-binding protein 1 (CUGBP1) expression is elevated in HSCs and positively correlates with liver fibrosis severity in human liver biopsies. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) selectively increases CUGBP1 expression in cultured HSCs in a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent manner. Knockdown of CUGBP1 inhibits alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and promotes interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production in HSCs in vitro. We further show that CUGBP1 specifically binds to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of human IFN-γ mRNA and promotes its decay. In mice, knockdown of CUGBP1 alleviates, whereas its overexpression exacerbates, bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, CUGBP1-mediated IFN-γ mRNA decay is a key event for profibrotic TGF-β-dependent activation of HSCs, and inhibiting CUGBP1 to promote IFN-γ signalling in activated HSCs could be a novel strategy to treat liver fibrosis. Activation of hepatic stellate cells is a critical event in the development of fibrosis, which is driven by TGF-beta and inhibited by IFN-gamma. Here Wu et al. show that the RNA binding protein CUGBP1 is increased by TGF-beta signalling and promotes IFN-gamma mRNA degradation.
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30
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Yang J, Lu Y, Lin YY, Zheng ZY, Fang JH, He S, Zhuang SM. Vascular mimicry formation is promoted by paracrine TGF-β and SDF1 of cancer-associated fibroblasts and inhibited by miR-101 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 383:18-27. [PMID: 27693460 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular mimicry (VM) describes the phenomenon that tumor cells but not endothelial cells form vascular-like channels, which provide blood perfusion for tumor tissues. VM is associated with tumor growth, metastasis and worse survival of different cancers. The mechanisms of VM formation remain largely unknown. We showed that the conditioned medium of cancer-associated fibroblast (CM-CAF) promoted tumor cells to form capillary-like structure in vitro. Consistently, co-implantation of CAFs with tumor cells significantly enhanced VM formation in mouse xenografts, and higher amount of CAFs was found in VM+ human HCC tissues compared to VM- ones. However, the CM-CAF-promoted VM formation was attenuated when TGF-β or SDF1 signaling was abrogated. Similar to CM-CAF, recombinant TGF-β1 and SDF1 induced VM formation. We further disclosed that the CAF-secreted TGF-β and SDF1 enhanced the expression of VE-cadherin, MMP2 and laminin5γ2 via TGF-βR1 and CXCR4 in tumor cells, thereby promoted VM formation. Moreover, tumor cells with high activity of self-sustaining TGF-β signaling displayed strong capability of VM formation. Subsequent investigations showed that miR-101, which was down-regulated in both tumor cells and CAFs, suppressed the CAF-promoted VM formation in vitro and in vivo. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses revealed that miR-101 attenuated TGF-β signaling transduction by targeting TGF-βR1 and Smad2 in tumor cells, and simultaneously abrogated SDF1 signaling by suppressing SDF1 expression in CAFs and inhibiting VE-cadherin expression in tumor cells. Our findings suggest that the miR-101-TGF-β/SDF1-VE-cadherin/MMP2/LAMC2 networks regulate VM formation and represent the potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jine Yang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai He
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Mei Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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31
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Lieberman NAP, Moyes KW, Crane CA. Developing immunotherapeutic strategies to target brain tumors. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 16:775-88. [PMID: 27253692 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2016.1192470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent years have seen rapid growth in cancer treatments that enhance the anti-tumor activities of the immune system. Collectively known as immunotherapy, modulation of the immune system has shown success treating some hematological malignancies, but has yet to be successfully applied to the treatment of patients with brain tumors. AREAS COVERED This review highlights mechanistic insights from murine studies and compiled recent clinical trial data, focusing on the most aggressive brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM). The field has recently accumulated a critical mass of data, and we discuss past treatment failures in the context of newly developed approaches now entering clinical trials. This article provides an overview of the immunotherapeutic armamentarium currently in development for the treatment of patients with GBM, who are in dire need of safe and effective therapies. Expert commentary: Themes that emerge include the importance of mitigating the effects of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the potential for innate immune cell activation to enhance cytotoxic anti-tumor activity. Consideration of these studies as a collective may inform the design of new immunotherapies, as well as the immune monitoring protocols for patients participating in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A P Lieberman
- a Seattle Children's Research Institute, Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Kara White Moyes
- a Seattle Children's Research Institute, Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Courtney A Crane
- a Seattle Children's Research Institute, Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Neurological Surgery , University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle , WA , USA
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32
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Zeng YE, Yao XH, Yan ZP, Liu JX, Liu XH. Potential signaling pathway involved in sphingosine-1-phosphate-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:379-382. [PMID: 27347154 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs when epithelial cells acquire invasive mesenchymal cell characteristics, and the activation of this process has been indicated to be involved in tumor progression. EMT could be induced by growth factors, cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a biologically-active lipid that plays an important role in cancer metastasis. S1P also contributes to the activation of EMT. However, the mechanism underlying S1P-induced EMT is unclear. Increased evidence has demonstrated that the cell surface glycocalyx is closed associated with S1P and plays an important role in tumor progression, suggesting that S1P-induced EMT could be Snail-MMP signaling-dependent. Thus, we hypothesize that an S1P-glycocalyx-Snail-MMP signaling axis mediates S1P-induced EMT. This is an essential step towards improved understanding of the underlying mechanism involved in S1P-regulted EMT, and the development of novel diagnostic and anticancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y E Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ping Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Heng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Nie XH, Ou-yang J, Xing Y, Li DY, Liu RE, Xu RX. Calycosin inhibits migration and invasion through modulation of transforming growth factor beta-mediated mesenchymal properties in U87 and U251 cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:767-79. [PMID: 26955262 PMCID: PMC4769008 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s90457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the potential anticancer effects of calycosin against human glioblastoma cells, including the impacts on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution. We further studied its inhibitory activity on migration and invasion in U87 and U251 cells. Furthermore, transforming growth factor beta-mediated reductions of mesenchymal-associated genes/activators, matrix metalloproteinases-2, and -9 were detected in this process. Administration of calycosin in a glioblastoma xenograft model showed that calycosin could not only reduce tumor volume but also suppress transforming growth factor beta as well as its downstream molecules. These results revealed calycosin as a potential antitumor agent in human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-hu Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ou-yang
- Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 98th Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-yan Li
- Spleen & Stomach Institute, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-en Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-xiang Xu
- Bayi Brain Hospital, The Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Reciprocal activation between MMP-8 and TGF-β1 stimulates EMT and malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 374:85-95. [PMID: 26872724 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of surgery in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited due to metastasis and recurrence, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that MMP-8 and TGF-β1 accumulate in highly invasive HCC cell lines and invasive HCC patient tissues. Upregulation of MMP-8 and TGF-β1 correlated with changes in cellular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes and HCC migration and invasion. The expression of TGF-β1 was markedly restored by MMP-8 overexpression in TGF-β1-depleted HCC cells mainly via the activation of PI3K/Akt/Rac1 pathway. Similarly, the expression of MMP-8 was restored by TGF-β1 treatment in MMP-8-depleted HCC cells mainly through the activation of the same PI3K/Akt/Rac1 pathway. MMP-8 expression was significantly related to TGF-β1 expression in HCC patient tissues, and high expression of MMP-8 or TGF-β1 was significantly associated with TNM stage and HCC metastasis. Specifically, patients with high co-expression of MMP-8 and TGF-β1 had a shorter time-to-recurrence than those with low co-expression. Therefore, the reciprocal positive interplay between MMP-8 and TGF-β1 contributes to HCC invasion and metastasis by inducing EMT mainly through the PI3K/Akt/Rac1 pathway.
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Zhang W, Zhang ZZ, Tang LY, Lin Y, Su FX, Xie XM, Su XF, Ren ZF. Genetic variants in EBV reactivation-related genes and the risk and survival of breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8337-47. [PMID: 26729199 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) have been suggested to involve in the reactivation of EBV which has implications in the development and progression of breast cancer. Therefore, the polymorphisms of TSG101 and ATF2 may associate with breast cancer risk and prognosis. A case-control study with 1551 breast cancer cases and 1605 age-matched controls were conducted in Guangzhou, China. We have also successfully followed up 1168 cases until December 31, 2014. The variant allele of TSG101 rs2292179 was associated with a non-significant reduced risk of breast cancer, particularly among women with BMI < 24 (kg/m(2)) (P for interaction <0.05). For ATF2 rs3845744, the variant allele was also associated with a significantly reduced breast cancer risk [odds ratio (OR) (95 % confidence interval (CI)) 0.86 (0.74∼1.00)], and the association occurred among only postmenopausal women [OR (95 % CI) 0.69 (0.54∼0.88)] (P for interaction <0.05). Breast cancer risk was further reduced with the increasing numbers of the variant G alleles of the two polymorphisms (P for trend <0.05). We did not find an overall association of the two loci with breast cancer prognosis, while the hazard ratios of the two loci (AG/GG vs. AA) were significantly higher among postmenopausal women than premenopausal women (P = 0.046, 0.016 for TSG101 rs2292179 and ATF2 rs3845744, respectively). In summary, the variant alleles of TSG101 rs2292179 and ATF2 rs3845744 were associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, particularly for subjects with BMI <24 (kg/m(2)) and postmenopausal women, respectively. The two SNPs and menopausal status may have a significant interaction on breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- The School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Zhang
- The School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Aviation Hygiene Management Division, China Southern Airlines Company Limited, 9/F, Kangda Building, 278 Airport Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Ying Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ying Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Feng-Xi Su
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xie
- The Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xue-Fen Su
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ze-Fang Ren
- The School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Jayavelu ND, Aasgaard LS, Bar N. Iterative sub-network component analysis enables reconstruction of large scale genetic networks. BMC Bioinformatics 2015; 16:366. [PMID: 26537518 PMCID: PMC4634733 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Network component analysis (NCA) became a popular tool to understand complex regulatory networks. The method uses high-throughput gene expression data and a priori topology to reconstruct transcription factor activity profiles. Current NCA algorithms are constrained by several conditions posed on the network topology, to guarantee unique reconstruction (termed compliancy). However, the restrictions these conditions pose are not necessarily true from biological perspective and they force network size reduction, pruning potentially important components. Results To address this, we developed a novel, Iterative Sub-Network Component Analysis (ISNCA) for reconstructing networks at any size. By dividing the initial network into smaller, compliant subnetworks, the algorithm first predicts the reconstruction of each subntework using standard NCA algorithms. It then subtracts from the reconstruction the contribution of the shared components from the other subnetwork. We tested the ISNCA on real, large datasets using various NCA algorithms. The size of the networks we tested and the accuracy of the reconstruction increased significantly. Importantly, FOXA1, ATF2, ATF3 and many other known key regulators in breast cancer could not be incorporated by any NCA algorithm because of the necessary conditions. However, their temporal activities could be reconstructed by our algorithm, and therefore their involvement in breast cancer could be analyzed. Conclusions Our framework enables reconstruction of large gene expression data networks, without reducing their size or pruning potentially important components, and at the same time rendering the results more biological plausible. Our ISNCA method is not only suitable for prediction of key regulators in cancer studies, but it can be applied to any high-throughput gene expression data. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0768-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Doni Jayavelu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sem Salandsvei 4, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lasse S Aasgaard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sem Salandsvei 4, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Nadav Bar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sem Salandsvei 4, Trondheim, Norway.
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FAN ZHIGANG, DUAN XIAOYI, CAI HUI, WANG LI, LI MIN, QU JINGKUN, LI WANJUN, WANG YONGHENG, WANG JIANSHENG. Curcumin inhibits the invasion of lung cancer cells by modulating the PKCα/Nox-2/ROS/ATF-2/MMP-9 signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:691-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Glioblastoma vasculogenic mimicry: signaling pathways progression and potential anti-angiogenesis targets. Biomark Res 2015; 3:8. [PMID: 26085929 PMCID: PMC4469398 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-015-0034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly angiogenic malignancy that is resistant to standard therapy; neo-formed vessels of this aggressive malignancy are thought to arise by sprouting of pre-existing brain capillaries. However, the conventional anti-angiogenic therapy, which seemed promising initially, shows transitory and incomplete efficacy. The discovery of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) has offered a new horizon for understanding tumor vascularization. VM is a tumor cell-constituted, matrix-embedded fluid-conducting meshwork that is independent of endothelial cells and is positively correlated with poor prognosis. Therefore, a better understanding of GBM vasculature is needed to optimize anti-angiogenic therapy. This review focuses on the signaling molecules and cascades involved in VM in relation to ongoing glioma research, as well as the clinical translational advances in GBM that have been offered by the development of optimized anti-angiogenesis treatment modalities.
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miR-622 suppresses proliferation, invasion and migration by directly targeting activating transcription factor 2 in glioma cells. J Neurooncol 2014; 121:63-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Changes of TGF-β2, MMP-2, and TIMP-2 levels in the vitreous of patients with high myopia. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 252:1763-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2768-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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41
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GWEON EUNJEONG, KIM SONGJA. Resveratrol attenuates matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2- regulated differentiation of HTB94 chondrosarcoma cells through the p38 kinase and JNK pathways. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:71-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Krstic J, Santibanez JF. Transforming growth factor-beta and matrix metalloproteinases: functional interactions in tumor stroma-infiltrating myeloid cells. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:521754. [PMID: 24578639 PMCID: PMC3918721 DOI: 10.1155/2014/521754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic factor with several different roles in health and disease. In tumorigenesis, it may act as a protumorigenic factor and have a profound impact on the regulation of the immune system response. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family that comprises more than 25 members, which have recently been proposed as important regulators acting in tumor stroma by regulating the response of noncellular and cellular microenvironment. Tumor stroma consists of several types of resident cells and infiltrating cells derived from bone marrow, which together play crucial roles in the promotion of tumor growth and metastasis. In cancer cells, TGF-β regulates MMPs expression, while MMPs, produced by either cancer cells or residents' stroma cells, activate latent TGF-β in the extracellular matrix, together facilitating the enhancement of tumor progression. In this review we will focus on the compartment of myeloid stroma cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic and mast cells, which are potently regulated by TGF-β and produce large amounts of MMPs. Their interplay and mutual implications in the generation of pro-tumorigenic cancer microenvironment will be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Krstic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan F. Santibanez
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
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43
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Monaghan M, Browne S, Schenke-Layland K, Pandit A. A collagen-based scaffold delivering exogenous microrna-29B to modulate extracellular matrix remodeling. Mol Ther 2014; 22:786-96. [PMID: 24402185 PMCID: PMC3983959 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Directing appropriate extracellular matrix remodeling is a key aim of regenerative medicine strategies. Thus, antifibrotic interfering RNA (RNAi) therapy with exogenous microRNA (miR)-29B was proposed as a method to modulate extracellular matrix remodeling following cutaneous injury. It was hypothesized that delivery of miR-29B from a collagen scaffold will efficiently modulate the extracellular matrix remodeling response and reduce maladaptive remodeling such as aggressive deposition of collagen type I after injury. The release of RNA from the scaffold was assessed and its ability to silence collagen type I and collagen type III expression was evaluated in vitro. When primary fibroblasts were cultured with scaffolds doped with miR-29B, reduced levels of collagen type I and collagen type III mRNA expression were observed for up to 2 weeks of culture. When the scaffolds were applied to full thickness wounds in vivo, reduced wound contraction, improved collagen type III/I ratios and a significantly higher matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 ratio were detected when the scaffolds were functionalized with miR-29B. Furthermore, these effects were significantly influenced by the dose of miR-29B in the collagen scaffold (0.5 versus 5 μg). This study shows a potential of combining exogenous miRs with collagen scaffolds to improve extracellular matrix remodeling following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Monaghan
- 1] Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland [2] Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany [3] University Women's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shane Browne
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- 1] Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany [2] University Women's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany [3] Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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44
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The role of microglia and matrix metalloproteinases involvement in neuroinflammation and gliomas. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:914104. [PMID: 24023566 PMCID: PMC3759277 DOI: 10.1155/2013/914104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases (such as multiple sclerosis) as well as in the expansion of malignant gliomas because they facilitate penetration of anatomical barriers (such as the glia limitans) and migration within the neuropil. This review elucidates pathomechanisms and summarizes the current knowledge of the involvement of MMPs in neuroinflammation and glioma, invasion highlighting microglia as major sources of MMPs. The induction of expression, suppression, and multiple pathways of function of MMPs in these scenarios will also be discussed. Understanding the induction and action of MMPs might provide valuable information and reveal attractive targets for future therapeutic strategies.
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Sengupta S, Jana S, Biswas S, Mandal PK, Bhattacharyya A. Cooperative involvement of NFAT and SnoN mediates transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induced EMT in metastatic breast cancer (MDA-MB 231) cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2013; 30:1019-31. [PMID: 23832742 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-013-9600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a secondary phenomenon concomitantly associated with the tumor progression. The regulatory signals and mechanistic details of EMT are not fully elucidated. Here, we shared a TGF-β mediated mechanism of EMT in breast cancer (MDA-MB 231) cells. Initial exposure of TGF-β for 48 h, enhanced the rate of cell proliferation and associated with EMT of MDA-MB 231 cells. The EMT was characterized by observing the increased N-cadherin, fibronectin, Snail expression and associated with the morphological change with a reduced E-cadherin expression. NFAT, a transcription factor, alters tumor suppressive function of TGF-β towards tumor progression. Up regulation of NFAT, coupled with a foremost translocation of one oncogenic protein SnoN from cytoplasm to nucleus was noticed during this TGF-β mediated EMT. Silencing of NFAT also showed the inhibition of TGF-β mediated EMT characterized by down regulation of N-cadherin and associated with reduced expression of SnoN. In addition, it was also observed that NFAT sequestering the Smad3 prevents the proteasome mediated degradation of SnoN and this SnoN has a role on the regulation of MMP-2, MMP-9 activity. Increased Smad3-SnoN interaction and proteasome mediated degradation of SnoN were detected after silencing of NFAT with a reduced MMP-2, MMP-9 activity. All of these observations provide a fresh mechanism in which by a twofold involvement of NFAT and SnoN plays a crucial role in TGF-β mediated EMT by recruiting the effector molecules N-cadherin and MMP-2, MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Sengupta
- Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
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Leight JL, Alge DL, Maier AJ, Anseth KS. Direct measurement of matrix metalloproteinase activity in 3D cellular microenvironments using a fluorogenic peptide substrate. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7344-52. [PMID: 23830581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of degradable moieties into synthetic hydrogels has greatly increased the utility of these three-dimensional matrices for in vitro cell culture as well as tissue engineering applications. A common method for introducing degradability is the inclusion of oligopeptides sensitive to cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enabling cell-mediated remodeling and migration within the material. While this strategy has been effective, characterization and measurement of cell-mediated degradation in these materials has remained challenging. There are 20+ MMP family members whose activity is regulated in space and time by a number of biochemical and biophysical cues. Thus, the typical approach of characterizing cleavage of degradable moieties in solution with recombinant enzymes does not easily translate to three-dimensional cell-mediated matrix remodeling. To address this challenge, we report here the synthesis of a cell-laden hydrogel matrix functionalized with a fluorogenic peptide substrate to provide real-time, quantitative monitoring of global MMP activity. Using this system, stimulation of MMP activity was observed with growth factor treatment in mammary epithelial cells and compared to classical zymography results. Further, the effect of biophysical cues on MMP activity of human mesenchymal stem cells was also investigated where more rigid hydrogels were observed to increase MMP activity. The regulation of MMP activity by these biochemical and biophysical cues highlights the need for in situ, real-time measurement of hydrogel degradation, and use of these functionalized hydrogels will aid in future rational design of degradable synthetic hydrogels for in vitro cell studies and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Leight
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Moe KT, Naylynn TM, Yin NO, Khairunnisa K, Allen JC, Wong MC, Chin-Dusting J, Wong P. Tumor necrosis factor-α induces aortic intima-media thickening via perivascular adipose tissue inflammation. J Vasc Res 2013; 50:228-37. [PMID: 23711955 DOI: 10.1159/000350542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Neointimal thickening results from inflammation in association with vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. We studied the role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) on VSMC proliferation and intima-media thickening (IMT) in a rodent model of chronic inflammation. METHODS The abdominal aorta and surrounding PVAT of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-injected mice were examined 28 days after administration. Plasma and PVAT cytokines were measured with Milliplex™ assays. Inflammatory cells were examined with immunofluorescence. Expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and MMP-12 was examined with immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and zymography. IMT was determined. Cell proliferation and TGF-β1 mRNA levels were examined after treating VSMC with PVAT homogenates ± MMP-2 inhibitors (batimastat, ARP 100 or TIMP-2) and SB-431542, a selective inhibitor of the TGF-β-type 1 receptor. RESULTS Significant increases in CD3, CD68, neutrophils, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and MMP-2 in PVAT, and TGF-β1 and IMT of the aorta of TNF-α-injected mice were observed. PVAT of TNF-α-injected mice significantly up-regulated TGF-β1 and increased cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and was attenuated by SB-431542, batimastat, ARP 100 and TIMP-2. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that chronic PVAT inflammation leads to MMP-mediated increase in TGF-β1 and hence VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyaw Thu Moe
- Research and Development Unit, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.
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Crosstalk between breast cancer stem cells and metastatic niche: emerging molecular metastasis pathway? Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2019-30. [PMID: 23686802 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic colonization represents the final step of metastasis, and is the major cause of cancer mortality. Metastasis as an "inefficient" process requires the right population of tumor cells in a suitable microenvironment to form secondary tumors. Cancer stem cells are the only capable population of tumor cells to progress to overt metastasis. On the other hand, the occurrence of appropriate microenvironmental conditions within the target tissue would be critical for metastasis formation. Metastatic niche seems to be the specialized microenvironment to support tumor initiating cells at the distant organ. Master regulators not only determine cancer stem cell state, but also may have regulatory roles in metastatic niche elements. Meanwhile, both cancer stem cell and metastatic niche may function like two sides of the metastatic coin. Hypoxia inducible factors have multiple roles in regulation of both sides of this coin. TGF-β superfamily, also, have been considered as master regulators of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and metastasis and may play crucial roles in regulation of metastatic niche as well. In this regard, we hypothesize the presence of a possible emerging molecular pathway in the biological process of breast cancer metastasis. In this process, non-Smad TGF-β-induced metastasis connects cancer stem cell and metastatic niche formation through a central path, "Metastasis Pathway".
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Groschwitz KR, Wu D, Osterfeld H, Ahrens R, Hogan SP. Chymase-mediated intestinal epithelial permeability is regulated by a protease-activating receptor/matrix metalloproteinase-2-dependent mechanism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 304:G479-89. [PMID: 23306080 PMCID: PMC3602679 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00186.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells regulate intestinal barrier function during disease and homeostasis. Secretion of the mast cell-specific serine protease chymase regulates homeostasis. In the present study, we employ in vitro model systems to delineate the molecular pathways involved in chymase-mediated intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. Chymase stimulation of intestinal epithelial (Caco-2 BBe) cell monolayers induced a significant reduction in transepithelial resistance, indicating decreased intestinal epithelial barrier function. The chymase-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction was characterized by chymase-induced protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 activation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression and activation. Consistent with this observation, in vitro analysis revealed chymase-induced PAR-2 activation and increased MAPK activity and MMP-2 expression. Pharmacological and small interfering RNA-mediated antagonism of PAR-2 and MMP-2 significantly attenuated chymase-stimulated barrier dysfunction. Additionally, the chymase/MMP-2-mediated intestinal epithelial dysfunction was associated with a significant reduction in the tight junction protein claudin-5, which was partially restored by MMP-2 inhibition. Finally, incubation of Caco-2 BBe cells with chymase-sufficient, but not chymase-deficient, bone marrow-derived mast cells decreased barrier function, which was attenuated by the chymase inhibitor chymostatin. Collectively, these results suggest that mast cell/chymase-mediated intestinal epithelial barrier function is mediated by PAR-2/MMP-2-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Groschwitz
- 1Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and ,2Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David Wu
- 1Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Heather Osterfeld
- 1Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Richard Ahrens
- 1Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Simon P. Hogan
- 1Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
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Bailey JR, Bland PW, Tarlton JF, Peters I, Moorghen M, Sylvester PA, Probert CSJ, Whiting CV. IL-13 promotes collagen accumulation in Crohn's disease fibrosis by down-regulation of fibroblast MMP synthesis: a role for innate lymphoid cells? PLoS One 2012; 7:e52332. [PMID: 23300643 PMCID: PMC3534115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrosis is a serious consequence of Crohn’s disease (CD), often necessitating surgical resection. We examined the hypothesis that IL-13 may promote collagen accumulation within the CD muscle microenvironment. Methods Factors potentially modulating collagen deposition were examined in intestinal tissue samples from fibrotic (f) CD and compared with cancer control (C), ulcerative colitis (UC) and uninvolved (u) CD. Mechanisms attributable to IL-13 were analysed using cell lines derived from uninvolved muscle tissue and tissue explants. Results In fCD muscle extracts, collagen synthesis was significantly increased compared to other groups, but MMP-2 was not co-ordinately increased. IL-13 transcripts were highest in fCD muscle compared to muscle from other groups. IL-13 receptor (R) α1 was expressed by intestinal muscle smooth muscle, nerve and KIR+ cells. Fibroblasts from intestinal muscle expressed Rα1, phosphorylated STAT6 in response to IL-13, and subsequently down-regulated MMP-2 and TNF-α-induced MMP-1 and MMP-9 synthesis. Cells with the phenotype KIR+CD45+CD56+/−CD3− were significantly increased in fCD muscle compared to all other groups, expressed Rα1 and membrane IL-13, and transcribed high levels of IL-13. In explanted CD muscle, these cells did not phosphorylate STAT6 in response to exogenous IL-13. Conclusions The data indicate that in fibrotic intestinal muscle of Crohn’s patients, the IL-13 pathway is stimulated, involving a novel population of infiltrating IL-13Rα1+, KIR+ innate lymphoid cells, producing IL-13 which inhibits fibroblast MMP synthesis. Consequently, matrix degradation is down-regulated and this leads to excessive collagen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Bailey
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W. Bland
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John F. Tarlton
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Iain Peters
- Molecular Testing, Innovation Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul A. Sylvester
- Department of Surgery, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
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