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Potential Role of Bioactive Proteins and Peptides Derived from Legumes towards Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245271. [PMID: 36558429 PMCID: PMC9782127 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes have been widely consumed and used to isolate bioactive compounds, mainly proteins. The aim of this study was to review the beneficial actions of different legumes proteins and peptides updating the main findings that correlate legumes consumption and the effects on non-transmissible chronic diseases, specifically metabolic syndrome. An exhaustive revision of five relevant bioactivities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic -all of them linked to metabolic syndrome- and antitumoral) of proteins and peptides from legumes focused on isolation and purification, enzymatic hydrolysis and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was carried out. The promising potential of bioactive hydrolysates and peptides from pulses has been demonstrated by in vitro tests. However, only a few studies validated these biological activities using animal models. No clinical trials have been carried out yet; so further research is required to elucidate their effective health implications.
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Cid-Gallegos MS, Corzo-Ríos LJ, Jiménez-Martínez C, Sánchez-Chino XM. Protease Inhibitors from Plants as Therapeutic Agents- A Review. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:20-29. [PMID: 35000105 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based diets are a great source of protease inhibitors (PIs). Two of the most well-known families of PIs are Bowman-Birk inhibitors (BBI) and Kunitz-type inhibitors (KTI). The first group acts mainly on trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase; the second is on serine, cysteine, and aspartic proteases. PIs can retard or inhibit the catalytic action of enzymes; therefore, they are considered non-nutritional compounds; nevertheless, animal studies and cell line experiments showed promising results of PIs in treating human illnesses such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory processes, and different types of cancer (gastric, colorectal, breast, and lung cancer). Anticarcinogenic activity's proposed mechanisms of action comprise several inhibitory effects at different molecular levels, i.e., transcription, post-transcription, translation, post-translation, and secretion of cancer cells. This work reviews the potential therapeutic applications of PIs as anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory agents in human diseases and the mechanisms by which they exert these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Cid-Gallegos
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Miguel Stampa s/n, México City, C.P. 07738, México
| | - L J Corzo-Ríos
- Departamento de Bioprocesos, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Acueducto S/N, Barrio La Laguna, Col. Ticomán, México City, C.P. 07340, México
| | - C Jiménez-Martínez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Miguel Stampa s/n, México City, C.P. 07738, México
| | - X M Sánchez-Chino
- CONACYT, Departamento de Salud, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur-Villahermosa, Tabasco, México.
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3
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Lucena SV, Rufino FP, de Dantas Moura GED, Rabêlo LMA, Monteiro NKV, Ferreira AT, Perales JEA, Uchôa AF, Justo GZ, de Oliveira CFR, Migliolo L, Nader HB, Santos EA, Oliveira AS. The Kunitz chymotrypsin inhibitor from Erythrina velutina seeds displays activity against HeLa cells through arrest in cell cycle. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:19. [PMID: 34926123 PMCID: PMC8674401 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrina velutina is a species of arboreal leguminous that occurs spontaneously in the northeastern states of Brazil. Leguminous seeds represent an abundant source of peptidase inhibitors, which play an important role in controlling peptidases involved in essential biological processes. The aim of this study was to purify and characterize a novel Kunitz-type peptidase inhibitor from Erythrina velutina seeds and evaluate its anti-proliferative effects against cancer cell lines. The Kunitz-type chymotrypsin inhibitor was purified from Erythrina velutina seeds (EvCI) by ammonium sulphate fractionation, trypsin- and chymotrypsin-sepharose affinity chromatographies and Resource Q anion-exchange column. The purified EvCI has a molecular mass of 18 kDa with homology to a Kunitz-type inhibitor. Inhibition assays revealed that EvCI is a competitive inhibitor of chymotrypsin (with K i of 4 × 10-8 M), with weak inhibitory activity against human elastase and without inhibition against trypsin, elastase, bromelain or papain. In addition, the inhibitory activity of EvCI was stable over a wide range of pH and temperature. Disulfide bridges are involved in stabilization of the reactive site in EvCI, since the reduction of disulfide bridges with DTT 100 mM abolished ~ 50% of its inhibitory activity. The inhibitor exhibited selective anti-proliferative properties against HeLa cells. The incubation of EvCI with HeLa cells triggered arrest in the cell cycle, suggesting that apoptosis is the mechanism of death induced by the inhibitor. EvCI constitutes an interesting anti-carcinogenic candidate for conventional cervical cancer treatments employed currently. The EvCI cytostatic effect on Hela cells indicates a promised compound to be used as anti-carcinogenic complement for conventional cervical treatments employed currently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyla V. Lucena
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil ,Instituto Federal de Ciências e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso-IFMT, Cuiabá, MT Brazil
| | - Fabíola P. Rufino
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | | | - Luciana M. A. Rabêlo
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | - Norberto K. V. Monteiro
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | - André T. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | - Jonas E. Aguilar Perales
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacodinâmica, do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Adriana F. Uchôa
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil ,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil ,Laboratório de Proteômica, Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | - Giselle Z. Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil ,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UNIFESP, Diadema, SP Brazil
| | - Caio F. R. de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900 Brazil
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil ,S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Avenida Tamandaré, 6000, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900 Brazil
| | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Elizeu A. Santos
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil ,Laboratório de Proteômica, Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | - Adeliana S. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
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4
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Conti MV, Guzzetti L, Panzeri D, De Giuseppe R, Coccetti P, Labra M, Cena H. Bioactive compounds in legumes: Implications for sustainable nutrition and health in the elderly population. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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5
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Sato A, da Fonseca IIM, Nagamine MK, de Toledo GF, Olio R, Hernandez-Blazquez FJ, Yano T, Yeh ES, Dagli MLZ. Effects of Alpha-Connexin Carboxyl-Terminal Peptide (aCT1) and Bowman-Birk Protease Inhibitor (BBI) on Canine Oral Mucosal Melanoma (OMM) Cells. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:670451. [PMID: 34179163 PMCID: PMC8222509 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.670451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral mucosal melanomas (OMM) are aggressive cancers in dogs, and are good models for human OMM. Gap junctions are composed of connexin units, which may have altered expression patterns and/or subcellular localization in cancer cells. Cell-to-cell communication by gap junctions is often impaired in cancer cells, including in melanomas. Meanwhile, the upregulated expression of the gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) inhibits melanoma progression. The α-connexin carboxyl-terminal (aCT1) peptide reportedly maintains Cx43 expression and cell-cell communication in human mammary cells and increases the communication activity through gap junctions in functional assays, therefore causing decreased cell proliferation. The Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI), a component of soybeans, induces Cx43 expression in several tumor cells as a trypsin–chymotrypsin inhibition function, with antineoplastic effects. This study investigated the effect of aCT1 peptide and BBI treatment, alone or in combination, on TLM1 canine melanoma cell viability. Cell viability after treatment with aCT1, the reverse sequence peptide (R-pep), and/or BBI for 5 days was analyzed by PrestoBlue assay. Immunofluorescence was used to observe Cx43 localization and expression. aCT1 (200 μM) alone did not significantly decrease cell viability in TLM1 cells, whereas BBI (400 μg/ml) alone significantly decreased the TLM1 viability. Combined treatment with both aCT1 (200 μM) and BBI (400 μg/ml) significantly decreased cell viability in TLM1 cells. Cx43 expression, as identified by immunostainings in TLM1 cells, was increased in the cell membrane after the combination treatment with BBI and aCT1. This dual treatment can be combined to achieve the anticancer activity, possibly by increasing Cx 43 expression and affecting Cx43 migration to the cell membrane. In conclusion, a treatment strategy targeting Cx43 with BBI and aCT1 may possibly lead to new effective therapies for canine OMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Sato
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Márcia Kazumi Nagamine
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rennan Olio
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tomohiro Yano
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Shinmay Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Gitlin-Domagalska A, Maciejewska A, Dębowski D. Bowman-Birk Inhibitors: Insights into Family of Multifunctional Proteins and Peptides with Potential Therapeutical Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E421. [PMID: 33255583 PMCID: PMC7760496 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bowman-Birk inhibitors (BBIs) are found primarily in seeds of legumes and in cereal grains. These canonical inhibitors share a highly conserved nine-amino acids binding loop motif CTP1SXPPXC (where P1 is the inhibitory active site, while X stands for various amino acids). They are natural controllers of plants' endogenous proteases, but they are also inhibitors of exogenous proteases present in microbials and insects. They are considered as plants' protective agents, as their elevated levels are observed during injury, presence of pathogens, or abiotic stress, i.a. Similar properties are observed for peptides isolated from amphibians' skin containing 11-amino acids disulfide-bridged loop CWTP1SXPPXPC. They are classified as Bowman-Birk like trypsin inhibitors (BBLTIs). These inhibitors are resistant to proteolysis and not toxic, and they are reported to be beneficial in the treatment of various pathological states. In this review, we summarize up-to-date research results regarding BBIs' and BBLTIs' inhibitory activity, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity, antimicrobial and insecticidal strength, as well as chemopreventive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dawid Dębowski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.G.-D.); (A.M.)
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7
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Kaneko S, Yamazaki T, Kohno K, Sato A, Kato K, Yano T. Combination Effect of Bowman-Birk Inhibitor and α-Tocopheryl Succinate on Prostate Cancer Stem-Like Cells. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 65:272-277. [PMID: 31257268 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The reoccurrence of androgen-dependent prostate cancer after anti-androgen therapy mainly depends on prostate cancer stem-like cells. To reduce the risk, it is important to delete the cancer stem-like cells. Furthermore, to induce differentiation of cancer stem-like cells is critical to abrogate stemness of the cells. Therefore, we tried to investigate a possibility on the establishment of a new effective therapy to eradicate the cancer stem-like cells via the induction of differentiation in this study. Prostate cancer stem-like cells from an androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP cell) had severe resistance against an anti-androgen therapeutic agent. We selected Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) from soybeans reported as a chemopreventive agent in prostate cancer to differentiate the caner stem-like cells and α-tocopheryl succinate (TOS) known as a mitocan to induce effectively cytotoxic effect against the cancer stem-like cells. In fact, only TOS treatment had cytotoxic effect against the cancer stem-like cells, but the addition of BBI treatment to the cells treated with TOS reinforced TOS-mediated cytotoxicity in the cancer stem-like cells. This reinforcement coincided with the combination-enhanced apoptosis in the stem-like cells. Also, we confirmed caspase9-caspase3 cascade mainly contributed to the enhancement of the cytotoxicity in the stem-like cells caused by the combination, indicating that the reinforcement of BBI on TOS-mediated apoptosis via mitochondria related to the enhancing cytotoxic effect of the combination on the prostate cancer stem-like cells. Overall, it seems that the combination is an effective new approach to reduce the reoccurrence of prostate cancer targeting prostate cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Kaneko
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University
| | | | - Kakeru Kohno
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University.,Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University
| | - Ayami Sato
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University
| | - Kazunori Kato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineerin, Toyo University
| | - Tomohiro Yano
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University.,Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University
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8
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Zhang C, Liu CF, Chen AB, Yao Z, Li WG, Xu SJ, Ma XY. Prognostic and Clinic Pathological Value of Cx43 Expression in Glioma: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1209. [PMID: 31781504 PMCID: PMC6861382 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) composed of connexin proteins is considered vital to cancer onset and progression since 50 years ago based on Lowenstein and Kano's works, however altered expression of connexins is still a lesser known “hallmark” of cancer. Although many studies support the hypothesis that connexins are tumor suppressors, recent evidence indicates that, in some tumor types including glioma, they may play contradictory role in some specific stages of tumor progression. We thus conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic role of Cx43 in glioma for the unanswered questions that whether Cx43 is a beneficial or insalubrity factor for glioma. Eight studies with 1,706 patients were included for meta-analysis. The results showed that Cx43 expression was a clearly negative factor with tumor grades (I2 = 34%, P < 0.001) and beneficial for OS (n = 3, HR 2.62, 95%CI 1.47–4.68; P = 0.001). Subgroup analysis also found that Cx43 had different expression in Asian young patients vs. other groups. In conclusion, this article summarize the prognostic value of Cx43 and offer a clinical evidence for the notion that Cx43 is generally a tumor suppressor and beneficial for the patients' survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng-Fen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - An-Bin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhong Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shu-Jun Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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9
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ÇAKIR Ö, UÇARLI C, TARHAN Ç, PEKMEZ M, TURGUT-KARA N. Nutritional and health benefits of legumes and their distinctive genomic properties. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.42117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Li X, Long J, Hua Y, Chen Y, Kong X, Zhang C. Protein Separation Coacervation with Carboxymethyl Cellulose of Different Substitution Degree: Noninteracting Behavior of Bowman-Birk Chymotrypsin Inhibitor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4439-4448. [PMID: 29565587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We first observed that protein/polysaccharide interaction exhibited noninteracting behavior which makes Bowman-Birk chymotrypsin inhibitor (BBI) always free of complexation, being separated from another protein with similar isoelectric points, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI). Turbidity titrations showed that the electrostatic attractions were much stronger between KTI/BBI (KBi) and carboxymethyl cellulose of higher substitution degree. Unchanged chymotrypsin inhibitory activity (CIA) indicated that BBI had negligible contribution to protein recovery and trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA). Tricine-SDS-PAGE revealed that, at r = 20:1-2:1, unbound BBI was left in the supernatant when bound KTI transferred into precipitates, even if there was excess negative charge. Thus, purified KTI or BBI was achieved easily at the given conditions. The noninteracting behavior of BBI was further confirmed by ITC, where the binding enthalpy of BBI to CMC was negligible compared with the high binding affinity ( Kb) of KTI. This work will be beneficial to protein purification based on protein-polysaccharide coacervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Long
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yeming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Caimeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
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11
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Conflicting Roles of Connexin43 in Tumor Invasion and Growth in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041159. [PMID: 29641478 PMCID: PMC5979343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is known to have increased levels of cytokines and metabolites, such as glutamate, due to their release from the surrounding cells. A normal cell around the tumor that responds to the inflammatory environment is likely to be subsequently altered. We discuss how these abnormalities will support tumor survival via the actions of gap junctions (GJs) and hemichannels (HCs) which are composed of hexamer of connexin43 (Cx43) protein. In particular, we discuss how GJ intercellular communication (GJIC) in glioma cells, the primary brain tumor, is a regulatory factor and its attenuation leads to tumor invasion. In contrast, the astrocytes, which are normal cells around the glioma, are “hijacked” by tumor cells, either by receiving the transmission of malignant substances from the cancer cells via GJIC, or perhaps via astrocytic HC activity through the paracrine signaling which enable the delivery of these substances to the distal astrocytes. This astrocytic signaling would promote tumor expansion in the brain. In addition, brain metastasis from peripheral tissues has also been known to be facilitated by GJs formed between cerebral vascular endothelial cells and cancer cells. Astrocytes and microglia are generally thought to eliminate cancer cells at the blood–brain barrier. In contrast, some reports suggest they facilitate tumor progression as tumor cells take advantage of the normal functions of astrocytes that support the survival of the neurons by exchanging nutrients and metabolites. In summary, GJIC is essential for the normal physiological function of growth and allowing the diffusion of physiological substances. Therefore, whether GJIC is cancer promoting or suppressing may be dependent on what permeates through GJs, when it is active, and to which cells. The nature of GJs, which has been ambiguous in brain tumor progression, needs to be revisited and understood together with new findings on Cx proteins and HC activities.
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Cicero AFG, Fogacci F, Colletti A. Potential role of bioactive peptides in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases: a narrative review. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1378-1394. [PMID: 27572703 PMCID: PMC5429326 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, increasing interest has been directed to bioactive peptides of animal and plant origin: in particular, researchers have focused their attention on their mechanisms of action and potential role in the prevention and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular and infective diseases. We have developed a search strategy to identify these studies in PubMed (January 1980 to May 2016); particularly those papers presenting comprehensive reviews or meta-analyses, plus in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials on those bioactive peptides that affect cardiovascular diseases, immunity or cancer, or have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. In this review we have mostly focused on evidence-based healthy properties of bioactive peptides from different sources. Bioactive peptides derived from fish, milk, meat and plants have demonstrated significant antihypertensive and lipid-lowering activity in clinical trials. Many bioactive peptides show selective cytotoxic activity against a wide range of cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo, whereas others have immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects. Furthermore, some peptides exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, which could aid in the prevention of chronic diseases. However, clinical evidence is at an early stage, and there is a need for solid pharmacokinetic data and for standardized extraction procedures. Further studies on animals and randomized clinical trials are required to confirm these effects, and enable these peptides to be used as preventive or therapeutic treatments. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Medicine and Surgery DeptartmentAlma Mater Studiorum, University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Medicine and Surgery DeptartmentAlma Mater Studiorum, University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Medicine and Surgery DeptartmentAlma Mater Studiorum, University of BolognaBolognaItaly
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13
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Anti-angiogenic potential of trypsin inhibitor purified from Cucumis melo seeds: Homology modeling and molecular docking perspective. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:118-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Dębowski D, Cichorek M, Lubos M, Wójcik S, Łęgowska A, Rolka K. Noncovalent inhibitors of human 20S and 26S proteasome based on trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1. Biopolymers 2017; 106:685-96. [PMID: 27258473 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower trypsin inhibitor (SFTI-1) is recognized as an attractive scaffold to designed potent inhibitors of various proteases. We have recently found that its analogues inhibit noncovalently both human and yeast 20S proteasomes. Here, a set of novel and more potent in vitro inhibitors is presented. The inhibitory potency of the peptides was assessed with human 20S proteasome in the presence or absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and with human 26 proteasome. Their antiproliferative action against tumor (human melanoma cells A375) and normal cells (46 BR.1N human fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes) was determined. The selected fluoresceine-labeled inhibitors were able to internalize into A375 cells and were sometimes present as foci in the cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 685-696, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Dębowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | | | - Marta Lubos
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wójcik
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Łęgowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rolka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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15
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Hernández-Ledesma B, Hsieh CC. Chemopreventive role of food-derived proteins and peptides: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2358-2376. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1057632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Chia-Chien Hsieh
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies (Nutritional Science and Education), National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Aasen T. Connexins: junctional and non-junctional modulators of proliferation. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 360:685-99. [PMID: 25547217 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that dysregulation of gap junctions and their structural subunits-connexins-often occurs in, and sometimes causes, a variety of proliferative disorders, including cancer. Connexin-mediated regulation of cell proliferation is complex and may involve modulation of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC), hemichannel signalling, or gap junction-independent paths. However, the exact mechanisms linking connexins to proliferation remain poorly defined and a number of contradictory studies report both pro- and anti-proliferative effects, effects that often depend on the cell or tissue type or the microenvironment. The present review covers junctional and non-junctional regulation of proliferation by connexins, with a particular emphasis on their association with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond Aasen
- Molecular Pathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, 08035, Spain,
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Malaguti M, Dinelli G, Leoncini E, Bregola V, Bosi S, Cicero AFG, Hrelia S. Bioactive peptides in cereals and legumes: agronomical, biochemical and clinical aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21120-35. [PMID: 25405741 PMCID: PMC4264216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151121120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereals and legumes are key components of a healthy and balanced diet. Accordingly, many national nutritional guidelines emphasize their health promoting properties by placing them at the base of nutritional food pyramids. This concept is further validated by the observed correlation between a lower risk and occurrence of chronic diseases and the adherence to dietary patterns, like the Mediterranean diet, in which cereal grains, legumes and derived products represent a staple food. In the search for a dietary approach to control/prevent chronic degenerative diseases, protein derived bioactive peptides may represent one such source of health-enhancing components. These peptides may already be present in foods as natural components or may derive from hydrolysis by chemical or enzymatic treatments (digestion, hydrolysis or fermentation). Many reports are present in the literature regarding the bioactivity of peptides in vitro and a wide range of activities has been described, including antimicrobial properties, blood pressure-lowering (ACE inhibitory) effects, cholesterol-lowering ability, antithrombotic and antioxidant activities, enhancement of mineral absorption/bioavailability, cyto- or immunomodulatory effects, and opioid-like activities. However it is difficult to translate these observed effects to human. In fact, the active peptide may be degraded during digestion, or may not be absorbed or reach the target tissues at a concentration necessary to exert its function. This review will focus on bioactive peptides identified in cereals and legumes, from an agronomical and biochemical point of view, including considerations about requirements for the design of appropriate clinical trials necessary for the assessment of their nutraceutical effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Dinelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Leoncini
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
| | - Valeria Bregola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sara Bosi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
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Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor from Vigna unguiculata seeds enhances the action of bradykinin-related peptides. Molecules 2014; 19:17536-58. [PMID: 25361421 PMCID: PMC6271500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191117536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrolysis of bradykinin (Bk) by different classes of proteases in plasma and tissues leads to a decrease in its half-life. Here, Bk actions on smooth muscle and in vivo cardiovascular assays in association with a protease inhibitor, Black eyed-pea trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor (BTCI) and also under the effect of trypsin and chymotrypsin were evaluated. Two synthetic Bk-related peptides, Bk1 and Bk2, were used to investigate the importance of additional C-terminal amino acid residues on serine protease activity. BTCI forms complexes with Bk and analogues at pH 5.0, 7.4 and 9.0, presenting binding constants ranging from 103 to 104 M−1. Formation of BTCI-Bk complexes is probably driven by hydrophobic forces, coupled with slight conformational changes in BTCI. In vitro assays using guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) ileum showed that Bk retains the ability to induce smooth muscle contraction in the presence of BTCI. Moreover, no alteration in the inhibitory activity of BTCI in complex with Bk and analogous was observed. When the BTCI and BTCI-Bk complexes were tested in vivo, a decrease of vascular resistance and consequent hypotension and potentiating renal and aortic vasodilatation induced by Bk and Bk2 infusions was observed. These results indicate that BTCI-Bk complexes may be a reliable strategy to act as a carrier and protective approach for Bk-related peptides against plasma serine proteases cleavage, leading to an increase in their half-life. These findings also indicate that BTCI could remain stable in some tissues to inhibit chymotrypsin or trypsin-like enzymes that cleave and inactivate bradykinin in situ.
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Clemente A, Arques MDC. Bowman-Birk inhibitors from legumes as colorectal chemopreventive agents. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10305-10315. [PMID: 25132747 PMCID: PMC4130838 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant functioning of serine proteases in inflammatory and carcinogenic processes within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has prompted scientists to investigate the potential of serine protease inhibitors, both natural and synthetic, as modulators of their proteolytic activities. Protease inhibitors of the Bowman-Birk type, a major protease inhibitor family in legume seeds, which inhibit potently and specifically trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteases, are currently being investigated as colorectal chemopreventive agents. Physiologically relevant amounts of Bowman-Birk inhibitors (BBI) can reach the large intestine in active form due to their extraordinary resistance to extreme conditions within the GIT. Studies in animal models have proven that dietary BBI from several legume sources, including soybean, pea, lentil and chickpea, can prevent or suppress carcinogenic and inflammatory processes within the GIT. Although the therapeutic targets and the action mechanism of BBI have not yet been elucidated, the emerging evidence suggests that BBI exert their preventive properties via protease inhibition; in this sense, serine proteases should be considered as primary targets in early stages of carcinogenesis. The validation of candidate serine proteases as therapeutic targets together with the identification, within the wide array of natural BBI variants, of the most potent and specific protease inhibitors, are necessary to better understand the potential of this protein family as colorectal chemopreventive agents.
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Fereidunian A, Sadeghalvad M, Oscoie MO, Mostafaie A. Soybean Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI): identification of the mechanisms of BBI suppressive effect on growth of two adenocarcinoma cell lines: AGS and HT29. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:455-61. [PMID: 25014623 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) has been well known to suppress the emergence and progression of different cancers. In the present study, the mechanisms by which BBI alters cancers have been addressed. To reach this goal, the effects of BBI on proliferation of and VEGF secretion by two cell lines (AGS: gastric adenocarcinoma and HT-29: colorectal adenocarcinoma) and also BBI effect on MMP-2 and 9 synthesis/secretion by AGS cells was evaluated. METHODS ELISA method was used to assess VEGF concentration and gelatin zymography was used to address MMP-2 and 9 production/excretion. RESULTS BBI had powerful inhibitory effect on proliferation and VEGF secretion by both cell lines. In addition, inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 secreted by AGS cells suggests BBI as a potent inhibitor of gastric cancer progression. On the other hand, the results indicated that inhibition of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF secretion is one of the mechanisms of anti-angiogenic effect of BBI. CONCLUSION BBI expresses powerful suppressive effect on tumor progression of two prevalent cancers: gastric adenocarcinoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Fereidunian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mona Sadeghalvad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Omidi Oscoie
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Mostafaie
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Inhibition of human and yeast 20S proteasome by analogues of trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89465. [PMID: 24586798 PMCID: PMC3934894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from the primary structure of sunflower trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1, we designed novel non-covalent inhibitors of human and yeast 20S proteasomes. Peptides with Arg residue in P1 position and two basic amino acid residues (Lys or/and Arg) in P2′ and P3′ positions strongly inhibited chymotrypsin-like and caspase-like activities, while trypsin-like activity was poorly modified. We found that some SFTI-1 analogues up-regulated exclusively the chymotrypsin-like activity of latent yeast 20S proteasome.
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22
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de Paula Carli A, de Abreu Vieira PM, Silva KTS, de Sá Cota RG, Carneiro CM, Castro-Borges W, de Andrade MHG. Bowman-Birk inhibitors, proteasome peptidase activities and colorectal pre neoplasias induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in Swiss mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1405-12. [PMID: 22326805 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bowman-Birk inhibitors (BBIs) are protein molecules containing two inhibitory domains for enzymes similar to trypsin and chymotrypsin. Interest in these inhibitors arose from their properties against the cancer chemically induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). In this study the effect of two BBI preparations (from Glycine max and Macrotyloma axillare) were evaluated for the prevention of colorectal neoplasia induced by intraperitoneal injections of DMH, given at a dose of 30 mg/kg, during 12 weeks. Mice treated with DMH presented histopathological alterations consistent with tumor development, augmented CD44 expression and increased proteasome peptidase activities. Lysosomal fractions, obtained from the intestines, were chromatographed in a Sepharose-BBI column and increased activity for trypsin and chymotrypsin-like proteases recovered from DMH-treated animals. In parallel, mice treated for eight weeks with BBIs showed a decrease in the chymotrypsin and trypsin-like proteasome activities compared to animals fed on normal diet. For the groups receiving simultaneous treatment with DMH and BBIs, dysplasic lesions were not observed and proteasome peptidase activities were similar to the control group after the 24th week. These results suggest that the mechanism by which BBIs could prevent the appearance of pre neoplastic lesions is associated with inhibition of both the lysosomal and proteasome-dependent proteolytic pathways.
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23
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Effect of AATI, a Bowman-Birk type inhibitor from Apios americana, on proliferation of cancer cell lines. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kashiwagi K, Virgona N, Yamada J, Sato A, Ota M, Yazawa T, Yano T. Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor from soybeans enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in human mesothelioma cells. Exp Ther Med 2011; 2:719-724. [PMID: 22977565 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive cancer with no effective treatment options. Enforced expression of the gap junction (GJ) component connexin 43 (Cx43) increases the sensitivity of MM cells to cisplatin. Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) induces the restoration of Cx43 in several types of tumor cells. In this study, we examined the capability of BBI to enhance the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in MM cells via the induction of Cx43. Human MM H28 cells were used. Cell viability was evaluated by a WST-1 assay and proteasomal activity was determined by fluorometric analysis. Protein and mRNA levels were determined by immunoblot analysis and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. GJ function mediated by Cx43 was evaluated using the scrape-loading method. BBI effectively inhibited H28 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner (200-400 μg/ml). In parallel with the growth inhibition, Cx43 levels (mRNA and protein) and GJ function were elevated by BBI treatment. Knockdown of BBI-induced Cx43 by an antisense nucleotide treatment almost cancelled the growth inhibition. BBI enhanced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in H28 cells, and down-regulation of Cx43 by the antisense nucleotide treatment abrogated the enhancing effect of BBI. The induction of Cx43 by BBI contributed to Src inactivation and subsequent induction of Bax. Furthermore, an Src inhibitor (SU6656) also enhanced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in H28 cells. These results suggest that BBI improves the cytotoxic efficacy of cisplatin in H28 cells via the inhibition of Src signaling.
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Connexin 43 is a potential prognostic biomarker for ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Sarcoma 2011; 2011:971050. [PMID: 21647307 PMCID: PMC3103998 DOI: 10.1155/2011/971050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cxs) are building unit proteins of gap junctions (GJs) that are prognostic markers in carcinomas. To investigate the role of Cx in Ewing sarcoma (EWS)/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), we examined the expression of Cx43 and Cx26 in 36 EWS/PNETs and found (1) cytoplasmic Cx43 reactivity in 28/36 (78%) cases. (2) Cx43 score was significantly correlated with overall survival (P = .025). The average scores for patients alive and dead at 3 years are 46.08 and 96.98 (P = .004) at 5 years are 46.06 and 96.42 (P = .002). (3) Metastasis had a significant effect on the overall survival (P = .003). (4) Cytoplasmic Cx26 reactivity was detected in 2 of 36 (6%) patients who died with metastasis. Our results suggest a possible oncogenic and prognostic role for Cx43 and Cx26 in EWS/PNET. The lack of membranous immunoreactivity suggests that the effect of Cx in EWS/PNET is via a GJ function-independent mechanism.
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The role of nutraceutical proteins and peptides in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer cells. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010; 29:511-28. [PMID: 20714786 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The process of carcinogenesis is complex and not easy to eliminate. It includes the initial occurrence of genetic alterations which can lead to the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes and further accumulation of genetic alterations during tumor progression. Looking for food and food components with biological properties, collectively called nutraceuticals, that can hinder such alterations and prevent the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes is a very promising area for cancer prevention. Proteins and peptides are one group of nutraceuticals that show potential results in preventing the different stages of cancer including initiation, promotion, and progression. In this review, we summarized current knowledge on the use of nutraceutical proteins and peptides in cancer prevention and treatment. We focused on the role of plant protease inhibitors, lactoferrin and lactoferricin, shark cartilage, plant lectins, and lunasin in the apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer cells. Also included are studies on bioavailability and clinical trials conducted on these promising proteins and peptides.
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Losso JN, Truax RE, Richard G. trans-resveratrol inhibits hyperglycemia-induced inflammation and connexin downregulation in retinal pigment epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8246-8252. [PMID: 20578705 DOI: 10.1021/jf1012067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory activity of trans-resveratrol against hyperglycemia-induced inflammation and degradation of gap junction intercellular communication in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Retinal (ARPE-19) cells were incubated with 5.5 mM glucose, 5.5 mM glucose and 10 microM resveratrol, 33 mM glucose, or 33 mM glucose and 0-10 microM trans-resveratrol at 37 degrees C and 5% CO(2) for 9 days. Cell viability was determined by the crystal violet assay. The levels of low-grade inflammation biomarkers interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 (IL-6 and IL-8), angiogenic factors, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) was determined by the scrape-load/dye transfer method. The expression levels of protein kinase Cbeta (PKCbeta), connexin 43 (Cx43), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were determined by Western blot. Incubation of retinal cells with 10 microM trans-resveratrol in the presence of 5.5 mM glucose did not affect any of the biomarkers investigated. Incubation of ARPE-19 cells with 33 mM glucose for 9 days significantly induced the accumulation of VEGF, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-beta, and COX-2, activation of PKCbeta, and reduction of Cx43 and GJIC. Incubation of ARPE-19 cells with 33 mM glucose in the presence of 0-10 microM trans-resveratrol dose-dependently inhibited VEGF, TGF-beta1, COX-2, IL-6, and IL-8 accumulation, PKCbeta activation, and Cx43 degradation and enhanced GJIC. These data suggest that trans-resveratrol can protect the retinal pigment epithelial cells against hyperglycemia-induced low-grade inflammation and GJIC degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack N Losso
- Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Apoptosis and lysosome membrane permeabilization induction on breast cancer cells by an anticarcinogenic Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor from Vigna unguiculata seeds. Cancer Lett 2010; 293:73-81. [PMID: 20133052 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the effects of a Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor, the Black-Eyed Pea Trypsin/Chymotrypsin Inhibitor - BTCI, purified from Vigna unguiculata seeds, on the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The treatment of MCF-7 with 200microM BTCI for 72h induced significant reduction of the cell viability and proliferation (arrest in S and G2/M phase). These cytostatic effects were accompanied by acute morphological modifications including the alteration of the nuclear morphology, plasma membrane fragmentation, cytoplasm disorganization, presence of double-membrane vesicles, mitochondrial swelling, and an increase in the size of lysosomes. Significative DNA fragmentation, annexin-V(+) cell number increase, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and cytoplasm acidification were also detected. All together, these cytostatic and cytotoxic results point out to BTCI-induced apoptosis cell death associated with severe cell morphological alterations and lysosome membrane permeabilization. Our study confirms the anticarcinogenic potential of Bowman-Birk protease inhibitors and identifies BTCI as a promising tool for drug developments aimed at the treatment of breast cancer.
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Naiki-Ito A, Asamoto M, Naiki T, Ogawa K, Takahashi S, Sato S, Shirai T. Gap junction dysfunction reduces acetaminophen hepatotoxicity with impact on apoptotic signaling and connexin 43 protein induction in rat. Toxicol Pathol 2010; 38:280-6. [PMID: 20097795 DOI: 10.1177/0192623309357951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic agent. However, overdosing and sometimes even a recommended dose can lead to serious and conceivably fatal liver toxicity. Therefore, it is important to clarify understand mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by APAP. Gap junctions, formed by connexin, have important roles in maintenance of tissue homeostasis and control of cell growth and differentiation. In the liver, Cx32 is a major gap junction protein whose expression is known to gradually decrease with chronic liver disease progression. In the present study, acute hepatotoxic effects of APAP were found to be reduced in Cx32 dominant negative transgenic rats lacking normal gap junctional intercellular communication in the liver. In littermate wild-type rats, the injured centrilobular hepatocytes were positive for TUNEL staining and featured elevated expre ssion of cleaved caspase-3 and Cx43, which is not expressed in normal hepatocytes. These results suggest that APAP hepatotoxicity involves apoptosis, and induction of Cx43 expression may play an important role in the apoptotic signaling. Moreover, gap junctional functions of Cx32 can play important roles in removing damaged hepatocytes by apoptosis for liver tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan. ayaito@-med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
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30
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Tang M, Asamoto M, Ogawa K, Naiki-Ito A, Sato S, Takahashi S, Shirai T. Induction of apoptosis in the LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cell line and prostate adenocarcinomas of SV40T antigen transgenic rats by the Bowman-Birk inhibitor. Pathol Int 2010; 59:790-6. [PMID: 19883429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2009.02445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The soybean-derived serine protease inhibitor, Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI), has been reported as a potent chemoprevention agent against several types of tumors. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of BBI on androgen-sensitive/dependent prostate cancers using a human prostate cancer cell (LNCaP) and the transgenic rats developing adenocarcinoma of the prostate (TRAP) model. Treatment of LNCaP prostate cancer cells with 500 microg/mL BBI resulted in inhibition of viability measured on WST-1 assays, with induction of connexin 43 (Cx43) and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression. Feeding of 3% roughly prepared BBI (BBIC) to TRAP from the age 3 weeks to 13 weeks resulted in significant reduction of the relative epithelial areas within the acinus and multiplicity of the adenocarcinomas in the lateral prostate lobes. Cx43- and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin end labeling of fragmented DNA (TUNEL)-positive apoptotic cancer cells were more frequently observed in the lateral prostates treated with BBIC than in the controls. These in vivo and in vitro results suggest that BBI possesses chemopreventive activity associated with induction of Cx43 expression and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingXi Tang
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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31
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Sanches DS, Pires CG, Fukumasu H, Cogliati B, Matsuzaki P, Chaible LM, Torres LN, Ferrigno CRA, Dagli MLZ. Expression of connexins in normal and neoplastic canine bone tissue. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:846-59. [PMID: 19429987 DOI: 10.1354/vp.08-vp-0263-s-fl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that intercellular communication by gap junctions has a role in bone formation. The main connexin involved in the development, differentiation, and regulation of bone tissue is connexin (Cx) 43. In addition, Cx46 is also expressed, mostly localized within the trans-Golgi region. Alterations in the expression pattern and aberrant location of these connexins are associated with oncogenesis, demonstrating a deficient gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) capacity in neoplastic tissues. In this study, we evaluated normal and neoplastic bone tissues regarding the expression of Cx43 and Cx46 by immunofluorescence, gene expression of these connexins by real-time PCR, and their correlation with cell proliferation index and deposition of collagen. Fourteen neoplastic bone lesions, including 13 osteosarcomas and 1 multilobular tumor of bone, were studied. The mRNA levels of Cx43 were similar between normal and neoplastic bone tissue. In normal bone tissue, the Cx43 protein was found mainly in the intercellular membranes. However, in all bone tumors studied here, the Cx43 was present in both cell membranes and also aberrantly in the cytoplasm. Regarding only tumor samples, we determined a possible inverse correlation between Cx43 expression and cellular proliferation, although a positive correlation between Cx43 expression and collagen deposition was also noted. In contrast, Cx46 had lower levels of expression in neoplastic bone tissues when compared with normal bone and was found retained in the perinuclear region. Even though there are differences between these two connexins regarding expression in neoplastic versus normal tissues, we concluded that there are differences regarding the subcellular location of these connexins in normal and neoplastic dog bone tissues and suggest a possible correlation between these findings and some aspects of cellular proliferation and possibly differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Sanches
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87-Cidade Universitária-CEP, 05508-900, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
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Design and synthesis of enediyne-peptide conjugates and their inhibiting activity against chymotrypsin. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3900-8. [PMID: 19428261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel enediyne-amino acid conjugates 1-4 have been synthesized. All of these effectively target the enzyme chymotrypsin inhibiting its proteolytic activity. The conjugate with a directly linked phenyl alanine is the most effective inhibitor with a K(i) of 3 microM. The mode of inhibition is mostly competitive or of a mixed type depending on the nature of the inhibitor.
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