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Meneses-Sagrero SE, Rascón-Valenzuela LA, Arellano-García ME, Toledano-Magaña Y, García-Ramos JC. Natural compounds combined with imatinib as promising antileukemic therapy: An updated review. Fitoterapia 2024; 178:106185. [PMID: 39142530 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Natural products (NP) have been an alternative therapy for several diseases for centuries, and they also serve as an essential source of bioactive molecules, enhancing our drug discovery capacity. Among these NP, some phytochemicals have shown multiple biological effects, including anticancer activity, with higher effectiveness and less toxicity than actual treatments, suggesting their possible use on resilient human malignancies such as leukemia. Imatinib mesylate (Im) is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor widely used as an anticancer drug, the gold standard to attend chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Nevertheless, resistance to this drug in patients with CML renders it insufficient to eliminate cells with Philadelphia chromosome (BCR/ABL+). Moreover, recent studies show that imatinib can induce genotoxic and chromosomic damage in some in vitro and in vivo models. These facts urge finding new therapeutic alternatives to increase the effectiveness of antileukemic treatment. Recent research has shown that the combined effects of phytochemicals with imatinib can improve the cytotoxicity or resensitized the resistant cells to this drug in diverse leukemia cell lines. Independent mechanisms of action among phytochemicals and imatinib include BCR/ABL regulation, downregulation of transcription factors, inhibition of anti-apoptotic and activation of pro-apoptotic proteins, apoptosis induction dependent- and independent of ROS-overproduction, membrane functions disruption, induction of cell cycle arrest, and cell death. This review summarizes and discusses the synergic effect of some phytochemicals combined with imatinib on leukemia cells and the mechanism of action proposed for these combinations, looking to contribute to developing new effective alternatives for leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Alondra Rascón-Valenzuela
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - María Evarista Arellano-García
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ctra. Transpeninsular No. 3917, Col. Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Yanis Toledano-Magaña
- Instituto Tecnológico de Ensenada, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Blvd. Tecnológico #150, Ex Ejido Chapultepec, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico; Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Industrial y de Servicios No. 41. Dirección General de Educación Tecnológica Industrial y de Servicios, Carr. Transpeninsular km 115, Ex-Ejido Chapultepec, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Juan Carlos García-Ramos
- Instituto Tecnológico de Ensenada, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Blvd. Tecnológico #150, Ex Ejido Chapultepec, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico; Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Industrial y de Servicios No. 41. Dirección General de Educación Tecnológica Industrial y de Servicios, Carr. Transpeninsular km 115, Ex-Ejido Chapultepec, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
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Raza W, Meena A, Luqman S. THF induces apoptosis by downregulating initiation, promotion, and progression phase biomarkers in skin and lung carcinoma. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23838. [PMID: 39243196 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one (THF) possesses a diverse range of pharmacological activities. Evidence suggests that THF exerts anticancer activity by distinct mechanisms of action. This study explores the anticancer potential of THF in human lung (A549) and skin (A431) cancer cells by employing different antiproliferative assays. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, neutral red uptake, sulphorhodamine B, and cell motility assays were used to confirm the anticancer potential of THF. Cell target-based and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays were used to explore the effect of THF on the initiation, promotion and progression phase biomarkers of carcinogenesis. THF suppresses the activity of lipoxygenase-5 up to ~40% in both A549 and A431 cells and up to ~50% hyaluronidase activity in A549 cells. qRT-PCR assay reveals that THF inhibits the activity of phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin in both cell lines, which is responsible for the initiation of cancer. It also arrests the G2/M phase of the cell cycle in A431 cells and increases the sub-diploid population in both A549 and A431 cell lines which leads to cell death. Annexin V-FITC assay confirmed that THF induces apoptosis and necrosis in A431 and A549 cell lines. Further investigation revealed that THF not only enhances reactive oxygen species production but also modulates mitochondrial membrane potential in both cell lines. It significantly inhibits S-180 tumour formation at 5 and 10 mg/kg bw, i.p. dose. An acute skin toxicity study on mice showed that erythema and edema scores are within the acceptable range, besides acceptable drug-likeness properties and non-toxic effects on human erythrocytes. Conclusively, THF showed potent anticancer activity on skin and lung carcinoma cell lines, suppressed the level of the biomarkers and inhibited tumour growth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Raza
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Li X, Zhou M, Chen W, Sun J, Zhao Y, Wang G, Wang B, Pan Y, Zhang J, Xu J. Integrating network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and experimental validation to unveil the molecular targets and mechanisms of galangin for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:208. [PMID: 38816744 PMCID: PMC11137903 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galangin, a flavonoid compound, is derived from Alpinia officinarum Hance. Previous studies have shown that galangin can inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its mechanism is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of galangin on HCC through network pharmacology, bioinformatics, molecular docking, and experimental in vitro validation. METHODS In this study, network pharmacology was used to investigate the targets and mechanisms of galangin in the treatment of HCC. AutoDockTools software was used to simulate and calculate the binding of galangin to its core targets. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted in the DAVID database to explore the main biological functions and signaling pathways impacted by galangin intervention. In addition, bioinformatics was applied to examine the correlation between the differential expressions of the anti-HCC core targets of galangin and the survival of patients with HCC. Finally, the findings obtained from network pharmacology and bioinformatics were verified in cell experiments. RESULTS A total of 67 overlapping target genes of galangin and HCC were identified. Through the analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, 10 hub genes with the highest degree of freedom were identified, including SRC, ESR1, MMP9, CDK4, CCNB1, MMP2, CDK2, CDK1, CHK1, and PLK1. These genes were found to be closely related to the degradation of the extracellular matrix, signal transduction, and the cell cycle. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that galangin exerts an anti-HCC role by affecting various signaling pathways, including the cell cycle, pathways in cancer, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The results of molecular docking indicated a significant interaction between galangin and CCNB1, CDK4, CDK1, and PLK1. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that CCNB1, CDK4, CDK1, and PLK1 were upregulated in the liver of patients with HCC at both the mRNA and protein levels. Flow cytometry analysis showed that galangin induced G0/G1 phase arrest and cell apoptosis in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Additionally, galangin suppressed the expression of key proteins and mRNAs involved in the cell cycle pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that galangin inhibits the growth of HCC cells by arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation of Ministry of Education & International Joint Research Center of Human-Machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development on Tropical Herbs & Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Mingyan Zhou
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 368 Yehai Road, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 368 Yehai Road, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, China
| | - Jiangbo Sun
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 368 Yehai Road, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, China
| | - Yihang Zhao
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 368 Yehai Road, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, China
| | - Gaoan Wang
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 368 Yehai Road, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, China
| | - Bingshu Wang
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 368 Yehai Road, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, China
| | - Yipeng Pan
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 368 Yehai Road, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, China.
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 368 Yehai Road, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation of Ministry of Education & International Joint Research Center of Human-Machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development on Tropical Herbs & Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, 571199, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 368 Yehai Road, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, China.
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Sharma V, Arora A, Bansal S, Semwal A, Sharma M, Aggarwal A. Role of bio-flavonols and their derivatives in improving mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with pancreatic tumorigenesis. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3920. [PMID: 38269510 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, a cellular metabolic center, efficiently fulfill cellular energy needs and regulate crucial metabolic processes, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Alteration in the mitochondrial functions leads to metabolic imbalances and altered extracellular matrix dynamics in the host, utilized by solid tumors like pancreatic cancer (PC) to get energy benefits for fast-growing cancer cells. PC is highly heterogeneous and remains unidentified for a longer time because of its complex pathophysiology, retroperitoneal position, and lack of efficient diagnostic approaches, which is the foremost reason for accounting for the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. PC cells often respond poorly to current therapeutics because of dense stromal barriers in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, which limit the drug delivery and distribution of antitumor immune cell populations. As an alternative approach, various natural compounds like flavonoids are reported to possess potent antioxidant and anticancerous properties and are less toxic than current chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the pharmacological properties of flavonols in PC in this review from the perspective of mitigating mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with cancer cells. Our literature survey indicates that flavonols efficiently regulate cellular metabolism by scavenging reactive oxygen species, mitigating inflammation, and arresting the cell cycle to promote apoptosis in tumor cells via intrinsic mitochondrial pathways. In particular, flavonols proficiently inhibit the cancer-associated proliferation and inflammatory pathways such as EGFR/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and nuclear factor κB in PC. Overall, this review provides in-depth evidence about the therapeutic potential of flavonols for future anticancer strategies against PC; still, more multidisciplinary human interventional studies are required to dissect their pharmacological effect accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Arora
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sakshi Bansal
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Semwal
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Mayank Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anjali Aggarwal
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Tossetta G, Marzioni D. Targeting the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in cervical and endometrial cancers. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 941:175503. [PMID: 36641100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cervical and endometrial cancers are among the most dangerous gynaecological malignancies, with high fatality and recurrence rates due to frequent diagnosis at an advanced stage and chemoresistance onset. The NRF2/KEAP1 signalling pathway plays an important role in protecting cells against oxidative damage due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. NRF2, activated by ROS, induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase which neutralize ROS, protecting cells against oxidative stress damage. However, activation of NRF2/KEAP1 signalling in cancer cells results in chemoresistance, inactivating drug-mediated oxidative stress and protecting cancer cells from drug-induced cell death. We review the literature on the role of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in cervical and endometrial cancers, with a focus on the expression of its components and downstream genes. We also examine the role of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in chemotherapy resistance and how this pathway can be modulated by natural and synthetic modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy; Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
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Wang J, Yang X, Wang Z, Wang J. Role of the Glyoxalase System in Breast Cancer and Gynecological Cancer-Implications for Therapeutic Intervention: a Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:857746. [PMID: 35898868 PMCID: PMC9309216 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.857746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyglyoxal (MGO), an essential endogenous dicarbonyl metabolite, can lead to multiple physiological problems including hyperglycemia, kidney diseases, malignant tumors, beyond its normal concentration range. The glyoxalase system, making MGO maintained at a low level, links glycation to carcinogenesis, growth, metastasis, and cancer chemotherapy. The glyoxalase system comprises glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) and glyoxalase 2 (Glo2), which is often overexpressed in various tumor tissues. However, very little is known about the glyoxalase system in breast cancer and gynecological cancer. In this review, we introduce the role of the glyoxalase system in breast cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer and cervical cancer, and highlight the potential of the glyoxalase system to be both as a marker for diagnosis and a novel target for antitumor therapy. However, the intrinsic molecular biology and mechanisms of the glyoxalase system in breast cancer and gynecological cancer need further exploration.
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Park JY, Park SH, Oh SW, Kwon K, Yu E, Choi S, Yang S, Han SB, Jung K, Song M, Cho JY, Lee J. Yellow Chaste Weed and Its Components, Apigenin and Galangin, Affect Proliferation and Oxidative Stress in Blue Light-Irradiated HaCaT Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061217. [PMID: 35334874 PMCID: PMC8953766 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While harmful effects of blue light on skin cells have been recently reported, there are few studies regarding natural products that alleviate its negative effects. Therefore, we investigated ameliorating effects of yellow chaste weed (YCW) (Helichrysum arenarium) extract and its components, apigenin and galangin, on blue light-irradiated HaCaT cells. In this study, we found that YCW extract improved the reduced proliferation of HaCaT cells induced by blue light-irradiation and reduced blue light-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. We also found that apigenin and galangin, the main components of YCW extract, showed the same activities as YCW extract. In experiments examining molecular mechanisms of YCW extract and its components such as apigenin and galangin, they all reduced expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1), its phosphorylation, and calcium ion (Ca2+) influx induced by blue light irradiation. In addition, apigenin and galangin regulated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). They also reduced phosphorylation of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase-1/2 (MST-1/2), inducing phosphorylation of Akt (protein kinase B), one downstream molecule of MST-1/2. Moreover, apigenin and galangin promoted translocation of Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a) from the nucleus to the cytosol by phosphorylating FoxO3a. Besides, apigenin and galangin interrupted blue light influences on expression of nuclear and secretory clusterin. Namely, they attenuated both upregulation of nuclear clusterin and downregulation of secretory clusterin induced by blue light irradiation. We also found that they downregulated apoptotic protein Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and conversely upregulated anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Collectively, these findings indicate that YCW extract and its components, apigenin and galangin, antagonize the blue light-induced damage to the keratinocytes by regulating TRPV1/clusterin/FoxO3a and MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yoen Park
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Korea; (J.Y.P.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.); (S.C.); (S.Y.); (S.B.H.)
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong City 30016, Korea;
| | - Sae Woong Oh
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Korea; (J.Y.P.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.); (S.C.); (S.Y.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Kitae Kwon
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Korea; (J.Y.P.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.); (S.C.); (S.Y.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Eunbi Yu
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Korea; (J.Y.P.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.); (S.C.); (S.Y.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Seoyoung Choi
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Korea; (J.Y.P.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.); (S.C.); (S.Y.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Seoyoun Yang
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Korea; (J.Y.P.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.); (S.C.); (S.Y.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Su Bin Han
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Korea; (J.Y.P.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.); (S.C.); (S.Y.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Kwangsun Jung
- Biocosmetics Laboratory, TOUN28 Inc., Seongnam 13449, Korea;
| | - Minkyung Song
- Integrative Research of T Cells Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (J.Y.C.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (J.Y.C.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.)
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Korea; (J.Y.P.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.); (S.C.); (S.Y.); (S.B.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (J.Y.C.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.)
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Lipovka Y, Alday E, Hernandez J, Velazquez C. Molecular Mechanisms of Biologically Active Compounds from Propolis in Breast Cancer: State of the Art and Future Directions. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2003380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Lipovka
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Efrain Alday
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Javier Hernandez
- Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo en Resolución Analítica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Carlos Velazquez
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
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Tuli HS, Sak K, Adhikary S, Kaur G, Aggarwal D, Kaur J, Kumar M, Parashar NC, Parashar G, Sharma U, Jain A. Galangin: A metabolite that suppresses anti-neoplastic activities through modulation of oncogenic targets. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:345-359. [PMID: 34904901 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211062510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the dramatic increase in cancer incidence all over the world in the last decades, studies on identifying novel efficient anti-cancer agents have been intensified. Historically, natural products have represented one of the most important sources of new lead compounds with a wide range of biological activities. In this article, the multifaceted anti-cancer action of propolis-derived flavonoid, galangin, is presented, discussing its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, and anti-metastatic effects in various cancer cells. In addition, co-effects with standard chemotherapeutic drugs as well as other natural compounds are also under discussion, besides highlighting modern nanotechnological advancements for overcoming the low bioavailability issue characteristic of galangin. Although further studies are needed for confirming the anti-cancer potential of galangin in vivo malignant systems, exploring this natural compound might open new perspectives in molecular oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | | | - Shubham Adhikary
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's, NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's, NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur 134007, India
| | | | - Gaurav Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Uttam Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Village-Ghudda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Village-Ghudda 151401, Punjab, India
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Bioinformatics Analysis Confirms the Target Protein Underlying Mitotic Catastrophe of 4T1 Cells under Combinatorial Treatment of PGV-1 and Galangin. Sci Pharm 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentagamavunon-1 (PGV-1), a potential chemopreventive agent with a strong cytotoxic effect, modulates prometaphase arrest. Improvement to get higher effectiveness of PGV-1 is a new challenge. A previous study reported that the natural compound, galangin, has antiproliferative activity against cancer cells with a lower cytotoxicity effect. This study aims to develop a combinatorial treatment of PGV-1 and galangin as an anticancer agent with higher effectiveness than a single agent. In this study, 4T1, a TNBC model cell, was treated with a combination of PGV-1 and galangin. As a result, PGV-1 and galangin showed a cytotoxic effect with IC50 values of 8 and 120 µM, respectively. Combining those chemicals has a synergistic impact, as shown by the combination index (CI) value of 1. Staining with the May Grunwald-Giemsa reagent indicated mitotic catastrophe evidence, characterized by micronuclear and multinucleated morphology. Moreover, the senescence percentage was higher than the single treatment. Furthermore, bioinformatics investigations showed that PGV-1 and galangin target CDK1, PLK1, and AURKB, overexpression proteins in TNBC that are essential in regulating cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, the combination of PGV-1 and galangin exhibit a synergistic effect and potential to be a chemotherapeutic drug by the mechanism of mitotic catastrophe and senescence induction.
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11
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Abstract
The present review describes 108 new examples of naturally occurring flavans and
flavanones having cytotoxic potential, which have been reported during the period of 2005 to
mid-2020. These compounds are found either as aglycones or as glycosides, comprising
flavans, flavanones, isoflavanones and miscellaneous flavanones (homo- and bi-flavanones).
The main topics addressed in this review are source, structure, and cytotoxic activity in detail
and the structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Gangopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Rampurhat College, Rampurhat, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
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12
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Rivière G, Oueslati S, Gayral M, Créchet JB, Nhiri N, Jacquet E, Cintrat JC, Giraud F, van Heijenoort C, Lescop E, Pethe S, Iorga BI, Naas T, Guittet E, Morellet N. NMR Characterization of the Influence of Zinc(II) Ions on the Structural and Dynamic Behavior of the New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-1 and on the Binding with Flavonols as Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10466-10480. [PMID: 32426604 PMCID: PMC7226869 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) has recently emerged as a global threat because of its ability to confer resistance to all common β-lactam antibiotics. Understanding the molecular basis of β-lactam hydrolysis by NDM is crucial for designing NDM inhibitors or β-lactams resistant to their hydrolysis. In this study, for the first time, NMR was used to study the influence of Zn(II) ions on the dynamic behavior of NDM-1. Our results highlighted that the binding of Zn(II) in the NDM-1 active site induced several structural and dynamic changes on active site loop 2 (ASL2) and L9 loops and on helix α2. We subsequently studied the interaction of several flavonols: morin, quercetin, and myricetin were identified as natural and specific inhibitors of NDM-1. Quercetin conjugates were also synthesized in an attempt to increase the solubility and bioavailability. Our NMR investigations on NDM-1/flavonol interactions highlighted that both Zn(II) ions and the residues of the NDM-1 ASL1, ASL2, and ASL4 loops are involved in the binding of flavonols. This is the first NMR interaction study of NDM-1/inhibitors, and the models generated using HADDOCK will be useful for the rational design of more active inhibitors, directed against NDM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwladys Rivière
- Institut
de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université
Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Saoussen Oueslati
- EA7361
“Structure, Dynamic, Function and Expression of Broad Spectrum
β-Lactamases”, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Maud Gayral
- Institut
de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay
(ICMMO), CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | | | - Naïma Nhiri
- Institut
de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université
Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eric Jacquet
- Institut
de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université
Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Cintrat
- Service
de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage (SCBM), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - François Giraud
- Institut
de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université
Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carine van Heijenoort
- Institut
de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université
Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ewen Lescop
- Institut
de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université
Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Pethe
- EA7361
“Structure, Dynamic, Function and Expression of Broad Spectrum
β-Lactamases”, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Bogdan I. Iorga
- Institut
de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université
Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Naas
- EA7361
“Structure, Dynamic, Function and Expression of Broad Spectrum
β-Lactamases”, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- . Phone:(33)145212019 or (33)145213030. Fax: (33)145216340
| | - Eric Guittet
- Institut
de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université
Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nelly Morellet
- Institut
de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université
Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- . Phone:(33)169823762. Fax: (33)169823784
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13
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Kong Y, Feng Z, Chen A, Qi Q, Han M, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Yang N, Wang J, Huang B, Zhang Q, Xiang G, Li W, Zhang D, Wang J, Li X. The Natural Flavonoid Galangin Elicits Apoptosis, Pyroptosis, and Autophagy in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:942. [PMID: 31612107 PMCID: PMC6776614 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin (GG), a flavonoid, elicits a potent antitumor activity in diverse cancers. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of GG in the treatment of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and investigated the molecular basis for its inhibitory effects in the disease. GG inhibited viability and proliferation of GBM cells (U251, U87MG, and A172) in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 221.8, 262.5, 273.9 μM, respectively; P < 0.001; EdU, ~40% decrease at 150 μM, P < 0.001), and the number of colonies formed was significantly reduced (at 50 μM, P < 0.001). However, normal human astrocytes were more resistant to its cytotoxic effects (IC50 >450 μM). Annexin-V/PI staining was increased indicating that GG induced apoptosis in GBM cells (26.67 and 30.42%, U87MG and U251, respectively) and associated proteins including BAX and cleaved PARP-1 were increased (~3×). Cells also underwent pyroptosis as determined under phase-contrast microscopy. Knockdown of gasdermin E (GSDME), a protein involved in pyroptosis, alleviated pyroptosis induced by GG through aggravating nuclear DNA damage in GBM cells. Meanwhile, fluorescent GFP-RFP-MAP1LC3B puncta associated with autophagy increased under GG treatment, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of autophagic vesicles. Inhibition of autophagy enhanced GG-induced apoptosis and pyroptosis in GBM cells. Finally, in an orthotopic xenograft model in nude mice derived from U87MG cells, treatment with GG in combination with an inhibitor of autophagy, chloroquine, suppressed tumor growth, and enhanced survival compared to GG monotherapy (P < 0.05). Our results demonstrated that GG simultaneously induces apoptosis, pytoptosis, and protective autophagy in GBM cells, indicating that combination treatment of GG with autophagy inhibitors may be an effective therapeutic strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Zichao Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anjing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Qichao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Mingzhi Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Guo Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
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14
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Abbaszadeh H, Keikhaei B, Mottaghi S. A review of molecular mechanisms involved in anticancer and antiangiogenic effects of natural polyphenolic compounds. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2002-2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abbaszadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Cancer Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Bijan Keikhaei
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Sayeh Mottaghi
- Department of PediatricsAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
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15
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Ding P, Yang L, Feng C, Xian JC. Research and application of Alpinia officinarum in medicinal field. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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16
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Fang D, Xiong Z, Xu J, Yin J, Luo R. Chemopreventive mechanisms of galangin against hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:2054-2061. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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17
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Saraei R, Marofi F, Naimi A, Talebi M, Ghaebi M, Javan N, Salimi O, Hassanzadeh A. Leukemia therapy by flavonoids: Future and involved mechanisms. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8203-8220. [PMID: 30500074 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a varied family of phytonutrients (plant chemicals) usually are detected in fruits and vegetables. In this big family, there exist more than 10,000 members that is separated into six chief subtypes: isoflavonols, flavonoenes, flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins, and chalcones. The natural compounds, such as fruits, have visible positive effects in regulating of survival involved signaling pathways that performance as the regulator of cell survival, growth, and proliferation. Researchers have established that commonly consumption up flavonoids decreases incidence and development risk of certain cancers, especially leukemia. Flavonoids have been able to induce apoptosis and stimulate cell cycle arrest in cancer cells via different pathways. Similarly, they have antiangiogenesis and antimetastasis capability, which were shown in wide ranges of cancer cells, particularly, leukemia. It seems that flavonoid because of their widespread approval, evident safety and low rate of side effects, have hopeful anticarcinogenic potential for leukemia therapy. Based on the last decade reports, the most important acting mechanisms of these natural compounds in leukemia cells are stimulating of apoptosis pathways by upregulation of caspase 3, 8, 9 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and proapoptotic proteins, particularly Bax activation. As well, they can induce cell cycle arrest in target cells not only via increasing of activated levels of p21 and p53 but also by inhibition of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. Furthermore, attenuation of neclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation, suppression of signaling pathway and downregulation of intracellular antiapoptotic proteins are other significant antileukemic function mechanism of flavonoids. Overall, it appears that flavonoids are promising and effective compounds in the field of leukemia therapy. In this review, we tried to accumulate and revise most promising flavonoids and finally declared their major working mechanisms in leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raedeh Saraei
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adel Naimi
- Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ghaebi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Javan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratories Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Omid Salimi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Mak KK, Tan JJ, Marappan P, Balijepalli MK, Choudhury H, Ramamurthy S, Pichika MR. Galangin’s potential as a functional food ingredient. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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19
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Liu D, You P, Luo Y, Yang M, Liu Y. Galangin Induces Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells Through Mitochondrial Pathway and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Inhibition. Pharmacology 2018; 102:58-66. [PMID: 29879712 DOI: 10.1159/000489564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis induction by galangin against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to assess cell viability and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. The expression level of apoptosis-related proteins (cleaved-caspase-9, cleaved-caspase-8, cleaved-caspase-3, Bad, cleaved-Bid, Bcl-2, Bax, p-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI3K], and p-Akt) and cell cycle-related proteins (cyclin D3, cyclin B1, cyclin-dependent kinases CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, p21, p27, p53) were evaluated by Western blotting. RESULTS Galangin increased the expression of Bax and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited cell viability, and induced apoptosis. Meanwhile, the expression of cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-8, caspase-3, Bid, and Bad increased significantly while the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt proteins decreased. In addition, the protein levels of cyclin D3, cyclin B1, CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 were downregulated while the expression levels of p21, p27, and p53 were upregulated significantly. CONCLUSION Galangin could suppress the viability of MCF-7 cells and induce cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway and PI3K/Akt inhibition as well as cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengtao You
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanwen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Galangin induces cell death by modulating the expression of glyoxalase-1 and Nrf-2 in HeLa cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 279:1-9. [PMID: 29113808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to understand the anticancer property and molecular mechanisms associated with chemo preventive effects of galangin. The anticancer effect was evaluated in vitro using human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). Galangin was found to be effective in inducing cell death and inhibiting proliferation & migration significantly. The inhibitory effect of galangin could be correlated with the increase in ROS production & induction of apoptosis. Besides this the activity of glyoxalase-1, an enzyme important for the detoxification of cytotoxic metabolite methy glyoxal and Nrf-2 (a trascription factor), involved in redox signalling were found to be decreased. We concluded that galangin exerts its chemo preventive effect via redox signalling by inhibiting glyoxalase-1 & increasing oxidative & carbonyl stress.
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21
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Wang Y, Lin B, Li H, Lan L, Yu H, Wu S, Wu J, Zhang H. Galangin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation by reversing the Warburg effect. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1295-1300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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22
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Menezes JCJMDS, Orlikova B, Morceau F, Diederich M. Natural and Synthetic Flavonoids: Structure-Activity Relationship and Chemotherapeutic Potential for the Treatment of Leukemia. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56 Suppl 1:S4-S28. [PMID: 26463658 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1074532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids and their derivatives are polyphenolic secondary metabolites with an extensive spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antioxidants, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. These flavonoids can also act as chemopreventive agents by their interaction with different proteins and can play a vital role in chemotherapy, suggesting a positive correlation between a lower risk of cancer and a flavonoid-rich diet. These agents interfere with the main hallmarks of cancer by various individual mechanisms, such as inhibition of cell growth and proliferation by arresting the cell cycle, induction of apoptosis and differentiation, or a combination of these mechanisms. This review is an effort to highlight the therapeutic potential of natural and synthetic flavonoids as anticancer agents in leukemia treatment with respect to the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and their molecular mechanisms. Induction of cell death mechanisms, production of reactive oxygen species, and drug resistance mechanisms, including p-glycoprotein efflux, are among the best-described effects triggered by the flavonoid polyphenol family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbora Orlikova
- b Department of Pharmacy , College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul , South Korea.,c Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Fondation de Recherche Cancer et Sang, Hôpital Kirchberg , Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - Franck Morceau
- c Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Fondation de Recherche Cancer et Sang, Hôpital Kirchberg , Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- b Department of Pharmacy , College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul , South Korea
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23
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Sak K, Everaus H. Established Human Cell Lines as Models to Study Anti-leukemic Effects of Flavonoids. Curr Genomics 2016; 18:3-26. [PMID: 28503087 PMCID: PMC5321770 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803165447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive work on pathological mechanisms and some recent advances in the treatment of different hematological malignancies, leukemia continues to present a significant challenge being frequently considered as incurable disease. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic agents with high efficacy and low toxicity is urgently needed to improve the overall survival rate of patients. In this comprehensive review article, the current knowledge about the anticancer activities of flavonoids as plant secondary polyphenolic metabolites in the most commonly used human established leukemia cell lines (HL-60, NB4, KG1a, U937, THP-1, K562, Jurkat, CCRF- CEM, MOLT-3, and MOLT-4) is compiled, revealing clear anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, cell cycle arresting, and differentiation inducing effects for certain compounds. Considering the low toxicity of these substances in normal blood cells, the presented data show a great potential of flavonoids to be developed into novel anti-leukemia agents applicable also in the malignant cells resistant to the current conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hele Everaus
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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24
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Singh B, Sahu PM, Sharma RA. Flavonoids from Heliotropium subulatum exudate and their evaluation for antioxidant, antineoplastic and cytotoxic activities II. Cytotechnology 2016; 69:103-115. [PMID: 27905025 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavonoids are the largest group of phenolic compounds isolated from a wide range of higher plants. These compounds work as antimicrobials, anti-insect agents and protect plants from other types of biotic and abiotic stresses. Various researchers have suggested that flavonoids possessed antioxidant, antineoplastic and cytotoxic activities. The main objective of this study was to test dichloromethane fraction of resinous exudate of Heliotropium subulatum for their antioxidant, antineoplastic and cytotoxic activities, as well as to search new antioxidant and antineoplastic agents for pharmaceutical formulations. Five flavonoids were isolated from resinous exudate of this plant species and screened for their in vitro and in vivo antioxidant models (DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, superoxide anion scavenging, metal chelating scavenging systems, catalase and lipid peroxidation), antineoplastic (Sarcoma 180), and cytotoxic (Chinese hamster V79 cells) activities. Tricetin demonstrated maximum antioxidant activity against both in vitro and in vivo experimental systems while galangin exhibited maximum inhibition (78.35%) at a dose of 10 µg/kg/day against Sarcoma 180. Similarly, it was found that galangin also showed highest activity (21.1 ± 0.15%) at a concentration of 70 µg/ml to Chinese hamster V79 cells. The observed results suggest that tricetin has a potential to scavenge free radicals in both in vitro and in vivo models while the galangin could be considered as antitumor and cytotoxic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Singh
- Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India.
| | - Pooran M Sahu
- Medicinal Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004, India
| | - Ram A Sharma
- Medicinal Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004, India
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Sulaiman GM. Molecular structure and anti-proliferative effect of galangin in HCT-116 cells: In vitro study. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:247-252. [PMID: 30263264 PMCID: PMC6049387 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin is a naturally occurring plant flavonoid with potential anticancer activity. In present work, the Becke three-parameter hybrid exchange functional method and the Lee-Yang-Parr correction functional methods were used to investigate the structural properties of galangin. The structure-activity relationship analysis has been performed to determine its antioxidant pharmacophore by using density functional theory method and quantum chemical calculations. The free radical scavenging activities of galangin were analyzed with the use of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and compared with Vitamin C as a control. Galangin decreased the cell proliferation rate in HCT-116 cells and showed concentration- and time-dependent response. Galangin significantly increase the inhibitory effect on HCT-116 clonogenicity and promotes cell cycle arrest at the G2/M or G1 phase, as confirmed by flow cytometry analysis.
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Tsai MS, Chien CC, Lin TH, Liu CC, Liu RH, Su HL, Chiu YT, Wang SH. Galangin Prevents Acute Hepatorenal Toxicity in Novel Propacetamol-Induced Acetaminophen-Overdosed Mice. J Med Food 2015; 18:1187-97. [PMID: 26501381 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes severe liver and kidney damage. APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) represents the most frequent cause of drug-induced liver failure. APAP is relatively insoluble and can only be taken orally; however, its prodrug, propacetamol, is water soluble and usually injected directly. In this study, we examined the time-dependent effects of AILI after propacetamol injection in mice. After analyses of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and liver histopathology, we demonstrated that a novel AILI mouse model can be established by single propacetamol injection. Furthermore, we compared the protective and therapeutic effects of galangin with a known liver protective extract, silymarin, and the only clinical agent for treating APAP toxicity, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), at the same dose in the model mice. We observed that galangin and silymarin were more effective than NAC for protecting against AILI. However, only NAC greatly improved both the survival time and rate consequent to a lethal dose of propacetamol. To decipher the hepatic protective mechanism(s) of galangin, galangin pretreatment significantly decreased the hepatic oxidative stress, increased hepatic glutathione level, and decreased hepatic microsomal CYP2E1 levels induced by propacetamol injection. In addition, propacetamol injection also reproduced the probability of APAP-induced kidney injury (AIKI), appearing similar to a clinical APAP overdose. Only galangin pretreatment showed the protective effect of AIKI. Thus, we have established a novel mouse model for AILI and AIKI using a single propacetamol injection. We also demonstrated that galangin provides significant protection against AILI and AIKI in this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shiun Tsai
- 1 Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University , Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Chih Chien
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University , Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Hui Lin
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University , Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Chi Liu
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University , Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rosa Huang Liu
- 3 Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University , Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Lin Su
- 4 Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Tsung Chiu
- 5 Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sue-Hong Wang
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University , Taiwan, Republic of China .,6 Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chien ST, Shi MD, Lee YC, Te CC, Shih YW. Galangin, a novel dietary flavonoid, attenuates metastatic feature via PKC/ERK signaling pathway in TPA-treated liver cancer HepG2 cells. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:15. [PMID: 25698902 PMCID: PMC4332891 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid compound found in high concentration in lesser galangal. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of galangin to inhibit 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced the invasion and metastasis of HepG2 liver cancer cells. Results First, using a cell-matrix adhesion assay, immunofluorescence assay, transwell-chamber invasion/migration assay, and wound healing assay, we observed that galangin exerted an inhibitory effect on TPA-induced cell adhesion, morphology/actin cytoskeleton arrangement, invasion and migration. Furthermore, the results of gelatin zymography and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays showed that galangin reduced the TPA-induced enzyme activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in HepG2 cells; moreover, the messenger RNA level was downregulated. We also observed through a Western blotting assay that galangin strongly inhibited the TPA-induced protein expressions of protein kinase Cα (PKCα), protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), the phospho-inhibitor of kappaBα (phospho-IκBα), c-Fos, c-Jun, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Next, galangin dose-dependently inhibited the binding ability of NF-κB and activator protein 1 (AP-1) to MMP-2/MMP-9 promoters, respectively, resulting in the suppression of MMP-2/MMP-9 enzyme activity. Conclusions The results revealed that galangin effectively inhibited the TPA-induced invasion and migration of HepG2 cells through a protein kinase C/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (PKC/ERK) pathway. Thus, galangin may have widespread applications in clinical therapy as an anti-metastatic medicament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Tao Chien
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80284 Taiwan ; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, 83102 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Shi
- Department of Medical Technology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, 71051 Taiwan ; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology and Graduate Institute of Biological Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 71703 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Lee
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 71703 Taiwan ; Department of Biological Science and Technology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 71703 Taiwan
| | - Chou-Chia Te
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 71703 Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Wei Shih
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 71703 Taiwan ; Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 71703 Taiwan
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Sak K, Everaus H. Multi-Target Cytotoxic Actions of Flavonoids in Blood Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:4843-4847. [PMID: 26163601 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.12.4843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, cytotoxic effects of flavonoids in various cancer cells are well accepted. However, the intracellular signaling cascades triggered by these natural compounds remain largely unknown and elusive. In this mini- review, the multiplicity of molecular targets of flavonoids in blood cancer cells is discussed by demonstrating the involvement of various signaling pathways in induction of apoptotic responses. Although these data reveal a great potential of flavonoids for the development of novel agents against different types of hematological malignancies, the pleiotropic nature of these compounds in modulation of cellular processes and their interactions certainly need unraveling and further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia E-mail :
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Chen Y, Tang C, Wu Y, Mo S, Wang S, Yang G, Mei Z. Glycosmisines A and B: isolation of two new carbazole–indole-type dimeric alkaloids from Glycosmis pentaphylla and an evaluation of their antiproliferative activities. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6773-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00695c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Two unique carbazole–indole-type dimeric alkaloids, glycosmisines A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from the stems of Glycosmis pentaphylla and their structures are elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR analyses).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences
- South Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Chu Tang
- College of Pharmacy
- South Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Pharmacy
- South Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Shasha Mo
- College of Pharmacy
- South Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Sha Wang
- College of Pharmacy
- South Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Guangzhong Yang
- College of Pharmacy
- South Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Zhinan Mei
- College of Pharmacy
- South Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
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Jung YC, Kim ME, Yoon JH, Park PR, Youn HY, Lee HW, Lee JS. Anti-inflammatory effects of galangin on lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages via ERK and NF-κB pathway regulation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2014; 36:426-32. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2014.968257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sak K. Cytotoxicity of dietary flavonoids on different human cancer types. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 8:122-46. [PMID: 25125885 PMCID: PMC4127821 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.134247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are ubiquitous in nature. They are also in food, providing an essential link between diet and prevention of chronic diseases including cancer. Anticancer effects of these polyphenols depend on several factors: Their chemical structure and concentration, and also on the type of cancer. Malignant cells from different tissues reveal somewhat different sensitivity toward flavonoids and, therefore, the preferences of the most common dietary flavonoids to various human cancer types are analyzed in this review. While luteolin and kaempferol can be considered as promising candidate agents for treatment of gastric and ovarian cancers, respectively, apigenin, chrysin, and luteolin have good perspectives as potent antitumor agents for cervical cancer; cells from main sites of flavonoid metabolism (colon and liver) reveal rather large fluctuations in anticancer activity probably due to exposure to various metabolites with different activities. Anticancer effect of flavonoids toward blood cancer cells depend on their myeloid, lymphoid, or erythroid origin; cytotoxic effects of flavonoids on breast and prostate cancer cells are highly related to the expression of hormone receptors. Different flavonoids are often preferentially present in certain food items, and knowledge about the malignant tissue-specific anticancer effects of flavonoids could be purposely applied both in chemoprevention as well as in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- Non Government Organization Praeventio, Tartu, Estonia
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Abstract
Food-derived flavonoid quercetin, widely distributed in onions, apples, and tea, is able to inhibit growth of various cancer cells indicating that this compound can be considered as a good candidate for anticancer therapy. Although the exact mechanism of this action is not thoroughly understood, behaving as antioxidant and/or prooxidant as well as modulating different intracellular signalling cascades may all play a certain role. Such inhibitory activity of quercetin has been shown to depend first of all on cell lines and cancer types; however, no comprehensive site-specific analysis of this effect has been published. In this review article, cytotoxicity constants of quercetin measured in various human malignant cell lines of different origin were compiled from literature and a clear cancer selective action was demonstrated. The most sensitive malignant sites for quercetin revealed to be cancers of blood, brain, lung, uterine, and salivary gland as well as melanoma whereas cytotoxic activity was higher in more aggressive cells compared to the slowly growing cells showing that the most harmful cells for the organism are probably targeted. More research is needed to overcome the issues of poor water solubility and relatively low bioavailability of quercetin as the major obstacles limiting its clinical use.
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Galangin inhibits proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:810-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ha TK, Kim ME, Yoon JH, Bae SJ, Yeom J, Lee JS. Galangin induces human colon cancer cell death via the mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase-dependent pathway. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:1047-54. [PMID: 23925650 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213497882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Galangin is a member of flavonols and found in Alpinia officinarum, galangal root, and propolis. Previous studies have demonstrated that galangin has anti-cancer effects on several cancers, including melanoma, hepatoma, and leukaemia cells. However, anti-cancer activity of galangin on human colon cancer has not been established yet. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of galangin on two types of human colon cancer cells (HCT-15 and HT-29). We found that galangin induced apoptosis and DNA condensation of human colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. We also determined that galangin increased the activation of caspase-3 and -9, and release of apoptosis inducing factor from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm by Western blot analysis. In addition, galangin induced human colon cancer cell death through the alteration of mitochondria membrane potential and dysfunction. These results suggest that galangin induces apoptosis of HCT-15 and HT-29 human colon cancer cells and may prove useful in the development of therapeutic agents for human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kwun Ha
- Department of Surgery, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 633-165, South Korea
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Addendum. Redox Rep 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/135100010x12826446921824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Kim HH, Bae Y, Kim SH. Galangin attenuates mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 57:209-16. [PMID: 23535185 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A great number of people are suffering from allergic inflammatory disease such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and sinusitis. Therefore discovery of drugs for the treatment of these diseases is an important subject in human health. In this study, we investigated anti-allergic inflammatory effect of galangin and underlying mechanisms of action using in vitro and in vivo models. Galangin inhibited histamine release by the reduction of intracellular calcium in phorbol 12-mystate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1). Galangin decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-8. The inhibitory effect of galangin on theses pro-inflammatory cytokines was related with c-Jun N-terminal kinases, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-κB, and caspase-1. Furthermore, galangin attenuated IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and the expression of histamine receptor 1 at the inflamed tissue. The inhibitory effects of galangin were more potent than cromolyn, a known anti-allergic drug. Our results showed that galangin down-regulates mast cell-derived allergic inflammatory reactions by blocking histamine release and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In light of in vitro and in vivo anti-allergic inflammatory effects, galangin could be a beneficial anti-allergic inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hun Kim
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
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Kapoor S. Galangin and its emerging anti-neoplastic effects. Cytotechnology 2012; 65:467-8. [PMID: 23095944 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Maini S, Hodgson HL, Krol ES. The UVA and aqueous stability of flavonoids is dependent on B-ring substitution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6966-6976. [PMID: 22715887 DOI: 10.1021/jf3016128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols such as kaempferol and quercetin are believed to provide protection against ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage to plants. Recent in vitro studies have examined the ability of flavonols to protect against UV-induced damage to mammalian cells. Stability of flavonols in cell culture media, however, has been problematic, especially for quercetin, one of the most widely studied flavonols. As part of our investigations into the potential for flavonols to protect skin against UV-induced damage, we have determined the stability of a series of flavonols that differ only in the number of substituents on the B-ring. We measured the stability of these flavonols over time to UVA radiation, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), and Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). The identification of the breakdown products of flavonols was accomplished by using a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer coupled with liquid chromatography. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis (MS/MS) of flavonol photoproducts was confirmed by comparing with the known standard samples. We have determined that flavonol stability decreases with increasing B-ring substitution, suggesting that future investigation of potential photoprotective flavonols will need to be cognizant of this trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabia Maini
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Vázquez-Franco JE, Reyes-Maldonado E, Vela-Ojeda J, Domínguez-López ML, Lezama RA. Src, Akt, NF-κB, BCL-2 and c-IAP1 may be involved in an anti-apoptotic effect in patients with BCR-ABL positive and BCR-ABL negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2012; 36:862-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Zhang HT, Wu J, Wen M, Su LJ, Luo H. Galangin induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the caspase 8/t-Bid mitochondrial pathway. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:626-633. [PMID: 22575016 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.682152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study has investigated whether galangin, a flavonol derived from Alpinia officinarum Hance and used as food additives in southern China, induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs) by activation of the caspase-8 and Bid pathway. The apoptosis of HCCs was evaluated by in situ uptake of propidium iodide and Hoechst 33258. Protein expressions were detected by Western blotting. Caspase-8 activity was measured using colorimetric method. To confirm the galangin-induced apoptotic pathway, inhibition of caspase-8 activity by Z-IETD-FMK, knockdown of Bid expression with siRNA, and overexpression of Bcl-2 in cells were carried out, respectively. The results show that galangin has significantly induced apoptosis in HCC lines. The caspase-8 is activated, and the cleavage of Bid results in the increase in tBid. The galangin-induced apoptosis is attenuated by Z-IETD-FMK, Bid siRNA, and Bcl-2 overexpression, respectively. However, Bcl-2 fails to suppress caspase-8 activation and the cleavage of Bid. This study has demonstrated that galangin induces apoptosis in HCCs by activating caspase 8/t-Bid mitochondrial pathway. Although Bcl-2 overexpression attenuates galangin-mediated apoptosis of HCCs, it is not mediated by the inhibition of tBid generation and caspase-8 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
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Galangin induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells via regulation of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 and glutathione S-transferase P. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:684-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Wen M, Wu J, Luo H, Zhang H. Galangin Induces Autophagy through Upregulation of p53 in HepG2 Cells. Pharmacology 2012; 89:247-55. [DOI: 10.1159/000337041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Patel D, Patel K, Gadewar M, Tahilyani V. Pharmacological and bioanalytical aspects of galangin-a concise report. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sobočanec S, Balog T, Šariċ A, Mačak-Šafranko Ž, Štroser M, Žarković K, Žarković N, Stojković R, Ivanković S, Marotti T. Antitumor effect of Croatian propolis as a consequence of diverse sex-related dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) protein expression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:852-858. [PMID: 21353513 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect the antitumor properties of Croatian propolis in BALB/c male and female mice injected with 4T1 mammary carcinoma. Furthermore, the gender-dependence of this effect and the possible involvement of combined effect of propolis and 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) on dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) transcriptional and translational level, were determined. In combination with 5FU propolis treatment induced gender-related effects. The results of the study revealed that pretreatment of mice with propolis combined with 5FU treatment prolonged the suppressive effect of 5FU on tumor growth and reduced the number of metastasis only in male mice. Only males pretreated with propolis prior to 5FU administration had decreased DPD protein level indicating higher sensitivity to 5FU. Thus, benefitial effects of propolis in male tumor-bearing mice treated with 5FU might be explained by increased sensitivity to 5FU as the result of translationally downregulated DPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sobočanec
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Miao S, Shi X, Zhang H, Wang S, Sun J, Hua W, Miao Q, Zhao Y, Zhang C. Proliferation-attenuating and apoptosis-inducing effects of tryptanthrin on human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cell line in vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3831-45. [PMID: 21747710 PMCID: PMC3131594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12063831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptanthrin, a kind of indole quinazoline alkaloid, has been shown to exhibit anti-microbial, anti-inflammation and anti-tumor effects both in vivo and in vitro. However, its biological activity on human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562 is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the proliferation-attenuating and apoptosis-inducing effects of tryptanthrin on leukemia K562 cells in vitro and explored the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that tryptanthrin could significantly inhibit K562 cells proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner as evidenced by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. We also observed pyknosis, chromatin margination and the formation of apoptotic bodies in the presence of tryptanthrin under the electron microscope. Nuclei fragmentation and condensation by Hoechst 33258 staining were detected as well. The amount of apoptotic cells significantly increased whereas the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased dramatically after tryptanthrin exposure. K562 cells in the tryptanthrin treated group exhibited an increase in cytosol cyt-c, Bax and activated caspase-3 expression while a decrease in Bcl-2, mito cyt-c and pro-caspase-3 contents. However, the changes of pro-caspase-3 and activated caspase-3 could be abolished by a pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD-FMK. These results suggest that tryptanthrin has proliferation-attenuating and apoptosis-inducing effects on K562 cells. The underlying mechanism is probably attributed to the reduction in mitochondria membrane potential, the release of mito cyt-c and pro-caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Miao
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, #17 West Changle Road, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (S.M.); (J.S.); (Q.M.)
| | - Xiaopeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy of Xijing Hospital, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mail:
| | - Hai Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Siwang Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, #17 West Changle Road, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (S.M.); (J.S.); (Q.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-29-84774748; Fax: +86-29-83224790
| | - Jiyuan Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, #17 West Changle Road, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (S.M.); (J.S.); (Q.M.)
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mail:
| | - Qing Miao
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, #17 West Changle Road, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (S.M.); (J.S.); (Q.M.)
| | - Yong Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Caiqin Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.)
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Ludwiczuk A, Saha A, Kuzuhara T, Asakawa Y. Bioactivity guided isolation of anticancer constituents from leaves of Alnus sieboldiana (Betulaceae). PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:491-498. [PMID: 21111588 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of the Japanese Alnus sieboldiana have been extracted with n-hexane and then with methanol. A bioactivity-guided approach based on MTT assay for growth inhibition and quantitative real-time PCR for TNF-α inhibitory activity was taken to identify the active compounds in EtOAc soluble fraction of the methanol extract. From this active fraction, seven compounds have been isolated and four compounds (pinosylvin, galangin, quercetin and methyl gallate) have been examined for their dose-response effect on the viability of A549 cells and on TNF-α inhibitory activity. Based on MTT assay, all of the four examined compounds inhibit growth of human lung cancer cells. Among four tested compounds only galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) significantly inhibited TNF-α gene expression in A549 cells (IC₅₀ = 94 μM). Taken together, this finding suggests that galangin may be useful in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ludwiczuk
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamaschiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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Sivakumar AS, Viswanathan P, Anuradha CV. Dose-dependent effect of galangin on fructose-mediated insulin resistance and oxidative events in rat kidney. Redox Rep 2011; 15:224-32. [PMID: 21062538 DOI: 10.1179/135100010x12826446921545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin is an antioxidant flavonol present in high concentrations in the rhizome of Alpinia galanga. We investigated the effect of galangin on whole-body insulin resistance and kidney oxidative stress in a fructose-induced rat model of metabolic syndrome. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups containing six animals each. Groups I and VI received a starch-based control diet, while groups II, III, IV and V were fed a high fructose diet (60 g/100 g). Groups III, IV and V additionally received galangin (50, 100 and 200 μg/kg body weight, respectively) while group VI received 200 μg galangin/kg body weight. At the end of 60 days, fructose-fed rats exhibited insulin resistance, increased levels of peroxidation end products and diminished antioxidant status. galangin, dose-dependently normalized blood glucose and insulin levels. The minimum effective dose was 100 μg galangin/kg body weight. At this dose, galangin also prevented the development of insulin resistance and the exaggerated the response to oral glucose challenge. The oxidant-antioxidant balance was maintained by galangin. Micro-albuminuria and tubular and glomerular changes observed in fructose-treated rats were significantly prevented by galangin (100 μg/kg body weight). These findings imply that galangin potentiates insulin sensitivity and antioxidant capacity and reduces renal damage in this dietary model of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allur S Sivakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang HT, Luo H, Wu J, Lan LB, Fan DH, Zhu KD, Chen XY, Wen M, Liu HM. Galangin induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the mitochondrial pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:3377-84. [PMID: 20632439 PMCID: PMC2904883 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i27.3377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the mechanism by which galangin, a polyphenolic compound derived from medicinal herbs, induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.
METHODS: The 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay was used to measure cell viability. Apoptosis was evaluated by in situ uptake of propidium iodide and Hoechst 33258 and was then detected by fluorescence microscopy. Protein expressions were detected by Western blotting. To confirm the apoptotic pathway mediated by galangin, cells were transfected by bcl-2 gene to overexpress Bcl-2 or siRNA to down-regulate Bcl-2 expression.
RESULTS: Galangin (46.25-370.0 μmol/L) exerted an anti-proliferative effect, induced apoptosis, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose and time-dependent manner. Treatment with galangin induced apoptosis by translocating the pro-apoptotic protein Bax to the mitochondria, which released apoptosis-inducing factor and cytochrome c into the cytosol. Overexpression of Bcl-2 attenuated galangin-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis, while decreasing Bcl-2 expression enhanced galangin-induced cell apoptosis.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that galangin mediates apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway, and may be a potential chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of HCC.
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Cao S, Jiang X, Chen J. Effect of Zinc (II) on the interactions of bovine serum albumin with flavonols bearing different number of hydroxyl substituent on B-ring. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:146-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Downregulation of uridine-cytidine kinase like-1 decreases proliferation and enhances tumor susceptibility to lysis by apoptotic agents and natural killer cells. Apoptosis 2010; 14:1227-36. [PMID: 19653100 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells target and kill tumor cells by direct anti-tumor cytotoxicity. NK lytic-associated molecule (NKLAM) is a protein involved in this cytolytic function. Acting as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, NKLAM binds to and ubiquitinates a novel protein, uridine-cytidine kinase like-1 (UCKL-1), targeting it for degradation. However, UCKL-1's function in tumor cell survival and NK cell cytotoxicity is unknown. UCKL-1's homology to uridine kinases and over expression in tumor cells suggests a role for UCKL-1 in tumor growth and/or survival. We propose that NKLAM and UCKL-1 interact in the tumor cell, where degradation of UCKL-1 leads to increased tumor cell apoptosis. Here we use RNA interference to downregulate UCKL-1 expression in K562 erythroleukemia cells. It was seen that downregulation of UCKL-1 initiated apoptosis and slowed the cell cycle, resulting in lower growth in the small interfering UCKL-1 RNA treated K562 cell culture. In addition, the chemotherapeutic agent staurosporine was seen to be more effective in inducing cell death by apoptosis in UCKL-1 depleted K562 cells compared with controls. We also found that UCKL-1 depleted K562 cells were more susceptible to NK mediated cytolysis than controls. These results indicate a role for UCKL-1 in tumor cell survival and suggest possible therapeutic potential of UCKL-1 inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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