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Shete V, Mahajan NM, Shivhare R, Akkewar A, Gupta A, Gurav S. Genistein: A promising phytoconstituent with reference to its bioactivities. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38831683 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Genistein, a potent phytoconstituent, has garnered significant attention for its diverse bioactivities, making it a subject of extensive research and exploration. This review delves into the multifaceted properties of genistein, encompassing its antioxidant and anticancer potential. Its ability to modulate various cellular pathways and interact with diverse molecular targets has positioned it as a promising candidate in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. This review provides a comprehensive examination of Genistein, covering its chemical properties, methods of isolation, synthesis, therapeutic attributes with regard to cancer management, and the proposed mechanisms of action as put forth by researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Shete
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh M Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ruchi Shivhare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish Akkewar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amisha Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailendra Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa, India
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Valizadeh M, Alimohammadi F, Azarm A, Pourtaghi Z, Derakhshan barjoei MM, Sabri H, Jafari A, Arabpour Z, Razavi P, Mokhtari M, Deravi N. Uses of soybean isoflavonoids in dentistry: A literature review. J Dent Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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3
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Gregoriou Y, Gregoriou G, Yilmaz V, Kapnisis K, Prokopi M, Anayiotos A, Strati K, Dietis N, Constantinou AI, Andreou C. Resveratrol loaded polymeric micelles for theranostic targeting of breast cancer cells. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:113-124. [PMID: 33391978 PMCID: PMC7738945 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.51955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of breast cancer underwent extensive progress in recent years with molecularly targeted therapies. However, non-specific pharmaceutical approaches (chemotherapy) persist, inducing severe side-effects. Phytochemicals provide a promising alternative for breast cancer prevention and treatment. Specifically, resveratrol (res) is a plant-derived polyphenolic phytoalexin with potent biological activity but displays poor water solubility, limiting its clinical use. Here we have developed a strategy for delivering res using a newly synthesized nano-carrier with the potential for both diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Res-loaded nanoparticles were synthesized by the emulsion method using Pluronic F127 block copolymer and Vitamin E-TPGS. Nanoparticle characterization was performed by SEM and tunable resistive pulse sensing. Encapsulation Efficiency (EE%) and Drug Loading (DL%) content were determined by analysis of the supernatant during synthesis. Nanoparticle uptake kinetics in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 as well as in MCF-10A breast epithelial cells were evaluated by flow cytometry and the effects of res on cell viability via MTT assay. Results: Res-loaded nanoparticles with spherical shape and a dominant size of 179±22 nm were produced. Res was loaded with high EE of 73±0.9% and DL content of 6.2±0.1%. Flow cytometry revealed higher uptake efficiency in breast cancer cells compared to the control. An MTT assay showed that res-loaded nanoparticles reduced the viability of breast cancer cells with no effect on the control cells. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the newly synthesized nanoparticle is a good model for the encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs. Additionally, the nanoparticle delivers a natural compound and is highly effective and selective against breast cancer cells rendering this type of nanoparticle an excellent candidate for diagnosis and therapy of difficult to treat mammary malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiota Gregoriou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Emphasis Research Centre, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Gregoria Gregoriou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vural Yilmaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos Kapnisis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Marianna Prokopi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Anayiotos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Katerina Strati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Andreas I Constantinou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Emphasis Research Centre, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Santos FTJ, Siqueira WN, Santos MLO, Silva HAMF, Sá JLF, Fernandes TS, Silva NH, França EJ, Silva EB, Melo AMMA. Radiosensitizer effect of usnic acid on Biomphalaria glabrata embryos. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:838-843. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1492757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. T. J. Santos
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - W. N. Siqueira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Serviço de Monitoração Ambiental, Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - M. L. O. Santos
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Serviço de Monitoração Ambiental, Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - H. A. M. F. Silva
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - J. L. F. Sá
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - T. S. Fernandes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - N. H. Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - E. J. França
- Serviço de Monitoração Ambiental, Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - E. B. Silva
- Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - A. M. M. A. Melo
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Lavoie TN, Carcamo WC, Wanchoo A, Sharma A, Gulec A, Berg KM, Stewart CM, Nguyen CQ. IL-22 regulation of functional gene expression in salivary gland cells. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 7:178-84. [PMID: 26981401 PMCID: PMC4778602 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TH17 cells and their associated signature cytokines, IL-17 and IL-22, are highly elevated in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSjS). The levels of IL-22 present in sera showed significant correlations with many disease parameters, specifically hyposalivation, anti-SSB, anti-SSA/SSB, hypergammaglobulinemia and rheumatoid factor. The present study aims to examine the biological function of IL-22 on human salivary glands. To accomplish the goal, microarray analysis using the HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip was utilized to determine the biological function of IL-22. Differential expression analyses were conducted using the LIMMA package from the Bioconductor project. MTT assay, flow cytometry and Western blotting were used to identify the function of IL-22 on human salivary gland cells. Results indicate an extensive effect of IL-22 on many major molecular functions including activation of antimicrobial genes and downregulation of immune-associated pathways. Functional studies performed in-vitro using human salivary gland cells treated with IL-22 indicated a direct effect of IL-22 on cell cycling, specifically reducing cellular proliferation at the G2-M phase by activation of STAT3. These results suggest the important role of IL-22 in the salivary gland function. The present study suggests that IL-22 might be involved in regulating inflammation and controlling the cell proliferation in SjS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan N Lavoie
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Wendy C Carcamo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Arun Wanchoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Afife Gulec
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kathleen M Berg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Orphan Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Carol M Stewart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Orphan Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Cuong Q Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Center for Orphan Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Aravindan S, Natarajan M, Herman TS, Awasthi V, Aravindan N. Molecular basis of 'hypoxic' breast cancer cell radio-sensitization: phytochemicals converge on radiation induced Rel signaling. Radiat Oncol 2013; 8:46. [PMID: 23452621 PMCID: PMC3599951 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-8-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneously distributed hypoxic areas are a characteristic property of locally advanced breast cancers (BCa) and generally associated with therapeutic resistance, metastases, and poor patient survival. About 50% of locally advanced BCa, where radiotherapy is less effective are suggested to be due to hypoxic regions. In this study, we investigated the potential of bioactive phytochemicals in radio-sensitizing hypoxic BCa cells. METHODS Hypoxic (O2-2.5%; N2-92.5%; CO2-5%) MCF-7 cells were exposed to 4 Gy radiation (IR) alone or after pretreatment with Curcumin (CUR), curcumin analog EF24, neem leaf extract (NLE), Genistein (GEN), Resveratrol (RES) or raspberry extract (RSE). The cells were examined for inhibition of NFκB activity, transcriptional modulation of 88 NFκB signaling pathway genes, activation and cellular localization of radio-responsive NFκB related mediators, eNos, Erk1/2, SOD2, Akt1/2/3, p50, p65, pIκBα, TNFα, Birc-1, -2, -5 and associated induction of cell death. RESULTS EMSA revealed that cells exposed to phytochemicals showed complete suppression of IR-induced NFκB. Relatively, cells exposed EF24 revealed a robust inhibition of IR-induced NFκB. QPCR profiling showed induced expression of 53 NFκB signaling pathway genes after IR. Conversely, 53, 50, 53, 53, 53 and 53 of IR-induced genes were inhibited with EF24, NLE, CUR, GEN, RES and RSE respectively. In addition, 25, 29, 24, 16, 11 and 21 of 35 IR-suppressed genes were further inhibited with EF24, NLE, CUR, GEN, RES and RSE respectively. Immunoblotting revealed a significant attenuating effect of IR-modulated radio-responsive eNos, Erk1/2, SOD2, Akt1/2/3, p50, p65, pIκBα, TNFα, Birc-1, -2 and -5 with EF24, NLE, CUR, GEN, RES or RSE. Annexin V-FITC staining showed a consistent and significant induction of IR-induced cell death with these phytochemicals. Notably, EF24 robustly conferred IR-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data identifies the potential hypoxic cell radio-sensitizers and further implies that the induced radio-sensitization may be exerted by selectively targeting IR-induced NFκB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeja Aravindan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Lee BH, Gauna AE, Perez G, Park YJ, Pauley KM, Kawai T, Cha S. Autoantibodies against muscarinic type 3 receptor in Sjögren's syndrome inhibit aquaporin 5 trafficking. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53113. [PMID: 23382834 PMCID: PMC3559734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that mainly targets the salivary and lacrimal glands. It has been controversial whether anti-muscarinic type 3 receptor (α-M3R) autoantibodies in patients with SjS inhibit intracellular trafficking of aquaporin-5 (AQP5), water transport protein, leading to secretory dysfunction. To address this issue, GFP-tagged human AQP5 was overexpressed in human salivary gland cells (HSG-hAQP5) and monitored AQP5 trafficking to the plasma membrane following carbachol (CCh, M3R agonist) stimulation. AQP5 trafficking was indeed mediated by M3R stimulation, shown in partial blockage of trafficking by M3R-antagonist 4-DAMP. HSG-hAQP5 pre-incubated with SjS plasma for 24 hours significantly reduced AQP5 trafficking with CCh, compared with HSG-hAQP5 pre-incubated with healthy control (HC) plasma. This inhibition was confirmed by monoclonal α-M3R antibody and pre-absorbed plasma. Interestingly, HSG-hAQP5 pre-incubated with SjS plasma showed no change in cell volume, compared to the cells incubated with HC plasma showing shrinkage by twenty percent after CCh-stimulation. Our findings clearly indicate that binding of anti-M3R autoantibodies to the receptor, which was verified by immunoprecipitation, suppresses AQP5 trafficking to the membrane and contribute to impaired fluid secretion in SjS. Our current study urges further investigations of clinical associations between SjS symptoms, such as degree of secretory dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and/or bladder irritation, and different profiles (titers, isotypes, and/or specificity) of anti-M3R autoantibodies in individuals with SjS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Ha Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Adrienne E. Gauna
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Geidys Perez
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yun-jong Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kaleb M. Pauley
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Cedarville University College of Arts and Sciences, Cedarville, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Immunology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jiang L, Jiang LS, Yan LN, Li FY, Wang W, Cheng NS, Wen TF. Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Genistein on Proliferative Cholangitis in Rats. J Surg Res 2010; 162:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Chuong C, Katz J, Pauley KM, Bulosan M, Cha S. RAGE expression and NF-kappaB activation attenuated by extracellular domain of RAGE in human salivary gland cell line. J Cell Physiol 2009; 221:430-4. [PMID: 19591173 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced-glycation-end-products (RAGE) has been implicated as a pro-inflammatory factor in chronic inflammatory conditions such as diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of the soluble-RAGE (sRAGE), the extracellular domain of RAGE, on RAGE expression and NF-kappaB translocation in human-salivary gland-cell-lines (HSG). Cells were stimulated with agonist S100A4, fusion protein of RAGE encompassing the extracellular domain of RAGE (ex-RAGE), ex-RAGE followed by S100A4, or S100A4 followed by ex-RAGE. Our study indicates that RAGE expression was highest at 150 microg/microl of S100A4 and efficiently down-regulated by 1.8-fold (P < 0.05) when ex-RAGE was incubated prior to agonist S100A4. RAGE protein was also consistently down-regulated by 20-40% with pre-incubation of ex-RAGE. More importantly, nuclear translocation of p65 and p52 of NF-kappaB by S100A4 was inhibited in the presence of ex-RAGE, confirming anti-inflammatory function of ex-RAGE. In conclusion, ex-RAGE down-regulates RAGE expression and inhibits p65 and p52 activation in HSG, providing evidence that ex-RAGE functions as a "decoy" to RAGE-ligand interaction and thus potentially dampening inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chuong
- Oral Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Zhou N, Yan Y, Li W, Wang Y, Zheng L, Han S, Yan Y, Li Y. Genistein inhibition of topoisomerase IIalpha expression participated by Sp1 and Sp3 in HeLa cell. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:3255-3268. [PMID: 19742137 PMCID: PMC2738924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10073255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein (4′, 5, 7-trihydroxyisoflavone) is an isoflavone compound obtained from plants that has potential applications in cancer therapy. However, the molecular mechanism of the action of genistein on cancer cell apoptosis is not well known. In this study, we investigated the effect of genistein on topoisomerase II-α (Topo IIα), an important protein involved in the processes of DNA replication and cell proliferation. The results revealed that inhibition of Topo IIα expression through the regulation of Specificity protein 1 and Specificity protein 3 may be one of the reasons for genistein’s induction of HeLa cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najing Zhou
- Cell Biology Division, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; E-Mails:
(N.J.Z.);
(W.L.L.);
(Y.L.W.);
(L.F.Z.);
(Y.X.Y.)
| | - Yunli Yan
- Cell Biology Division, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; E-Mails:
(N.J.Z.);
(W.L.L.);
(Y.L.W.);
(L.F.Z.);
(Y.X.Y.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
or
; Tel. +86-311-86265558
| | - Wenling Li
- Cell Biology Division, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; E-Mails:
(N.J.Z.);
(W.L.L.);
(Y.L.W.);
(L.F.Z.);
(Y.X.Y.)
| | - Yanling Wang
- Cell Biology Division, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; E-Mails:
(N.J.Z.);
(W.L.L.);
(Y.L.W.);
(L.F.Z.);
(Y.X.Y.)
| | - Lifen Zheng
- Cell Biology Division, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; E-Mails:
(N.J.Z.);
(W.L.L.);
(Y.L.W.);
(L.F.Z.);
(Y.X.Y.)
| | - Shuo Han
- Cell Biology Division, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; E-Mails:
(N.J.Z.);
(W.L.L.);
(Y.L.W.);
(L.F.Z.);
(Y.X.Y.)
| | - Yongxin Yan
- Cell Biology Division, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; E-Mails:
(N.J.Z.);
(W.L.L.);
(Y.L.W.);
(L.F.Z.);
(Y.X.Y.)
| | - Yunzhi Li
- Chang’an District Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; E-Mail:
(Y.Z.L.)
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