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Nasimi Shad A, Fanoodi A, Maharati A, Akhlaghipour I, Bina AR, Saburi E, Forouzanfar F, Moghbeli M. Role of microRNAs in tumor progression by regulation of kinesin motor proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132347. [PMID: 38754673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant cell proliferation is one of the main characteristics of tumor cells that can be affected by many cellular processes and signaling pathways. Kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) are motor proteins that are involved in cytoplasmic transportations and chromosomal segregation during cell proliferation. Therefore, regulation of the KIF functions as vital factors in chromosomal stability is necessary to maintain normal cellular homeostasis and proliferation. KIF deregulations have been reported in various cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and signaling pathways are important regulators of KIF proteins. MiRNAs have key roles in regulation of the cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. In the present review, we discussed the role of miRNAs in tumor biology through the regulation of KIF proteins. It has been shown that miRNAs have mainly a tumor suppressor function via the KIF targeting. This review can be an effective step to introduce the miRNAs/KIFs axis as a probable therapeutic target in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Nasimi Shad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Fanoodi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Bina
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Trivizakis E, Koutroumpa NM, Souglakos J, Karantanas A, Zervakis M, Marias K. Radiotranscriptomics of non-small cell lung carcinoma for assessing high-level clinical outcomes using a machine learning-derived multi-modal signature. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:125. [PMID: 38102586 PMCID: PMC10724973 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-omics research has the potential to holistically capture intra-tumor variability, thereby improving therapeutic decisions by incorporating the key principles of precision medicine. The purpose of this study is to identify a robust method of integrating features from different sources, such as imaging, transcriptomics, and clinical data, to predict the survival and therapy response of non-small cell lung cancer patients. METHODS 2996 radiomics, 5268 transcriptomics, and 8 clinical features were extracted from the NSCLC Radiogenomics dataset. Radiomics and deep features were calculated based on the volume of interest in pre-treatment, routine CT examinations, and then combined with RNA-seq and clinical data. Several machine learning classifiers were used to perform survival analysis and assess the patient's response to adjuvant chemotherapy. The proposed analysis was evaluated on an unseen testing set in a k-fold cross-validation scheme. Score- and concatenation-based multi-omics were used as feature integration techniques. RESULTS Six radiomics (elongation, cluster shade, entropy, variance, gray-level non-uniformity, and maximal correlation coefficient), six deep features (NasNet-based activations), and three transcriptomics (OTUD3, SUCGL2, and RQCD1) were found to be significant for therapy response. The examined score-based multi-omic improved the AUC up to 0.10 on the unseen testing set (0.74 ± 0.06) and the balance between sensitivity and specificity for predicting therapy response for 106 patients, resulting in less biased models and improving upon the either highly sensitive or highly specific single-source models. Six radiomics (kurtosis, GLRLM- and GLSZM-based non-uniformity from images with no filtering, biorthogonal, and daubechies wavelets), seven deep features (ResNet-based activations), and seven transcriptomics (ELP3, ZZZ3, PGRMC2, TRAK1, ATIC, USP7, and PNPLA2) were found to be significant for the survival analysis. Accordingly, the survival analysis for 115 patients was also enhanced up to 0.20 by the proposed score-based multi-omics in terms of the C-index (0.79 ± 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Compared to single-source models, multi-omics integration has the potential to improve prediction performance, increase model stability, and reduce bias for both treatment response and survival analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Trivizakis
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory (CBML), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 70013, Heraklion, Greece.
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Nikoletta-Maria Koutroumpa
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100, Chania, Greece
| | - John Souglakos
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Apostolos Karantanas
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory (CBML), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Michalis Zervakis
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100, Chania, Greece
| | - Kostas Marias
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory (CBML), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410, Heraklion, Greece
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3
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Fan Y, Bai B, Liang Y, Ren Y, Liu Y, Zhou F, Lou X, Zi J, Hou G, Chen F, Zhao Q, Liu S. Proteomic Profiling of Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Tissues Reveals Characteristic Changes of the Complement Cascade Pathway. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100068. [PMID: 33676000 PMCID: PMC8121970 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a histological subtype of gastric cancer with distinct features in multiple aspects compared with adenocarcinomas (ACs). The lack of a systematic molecular overview of this disease has led to slow progress in its clinical practice. In the present proteomics study, gastric tissues were collected from tumors and adjacent tissues, including 14 SRCCs and 34 ACs, and laser capture microdissection (LCM) was employed to eradicate the cellular heterogeneity of the tissues. The proteomes of tissues were profiled by data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry (MS). Based on the over 6000 proteins quantified, univariate analysis and pathway enrichment revealed that some proteins and pathways demonstrated differences between SRCC and ACs. Importantly, the upregulation of a majority of complement-related proteins was notable for SRCC but not for ACs. A hypothesis, based on the proteomics evidence, was proposed that the complement cascade was evoked in the SRCC microenvironment upon infiltration, and the SRCC cells survived the complement cytotoxicity by secreting endogenous negative regulators. Moreover, an attempt was made to establish appropriate cell models for gastric SRCC through proteomic comparison of the 15 gastric cell lines and gastric tumors. The predictions of a supervised classifier suggested that none of these gastric cell lines qualified to mimic SRCC. This study discovered that the complement cascade is activated at a higher level in gastric SRCC than in ACs. LCM-DIA extracted unprecedented proteomic details of gastric in different subtypes. Complement cascade was found to be an SRCC-specific pathway for the first time. Gastric cell lines were evaluated based on proteomic features for the first time. Re-analyzable DIA data collected provide rich opportunity for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Clinical Laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Department of Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuting Liang
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Clinical Laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Clinical Laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fenli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Department of Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaomin Lou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zi
- Clinical Laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guixue Hou
- Clinical Laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Department of Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Siqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Clinical Laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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4
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Ghosh P, Vidal C, Dey S, Zhang L. Mitochondria Targeting as an Effective Strategy for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3363. [PMID: 32397535 PMCID: PMC7247703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known for their role in ATP production and biosynthesis of macromolecules. Importantly, increasing experimental evidence points to the roles of mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, and signaling in tumorigenesis. Recent studies have shown that many types of cancer cells, including metastatic tumor cells, therapy-resistant tumor cells, and cancer stem cells, are reliant on mitochondrial respiration, and upregulate oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activity to fuel tumorigenesis. Mitochondrial metabolism is crucial for tumor proliferation, tumor survival, and metastasis. Mitochondrial OXPHOS dependency of cancer has been shown to underlie the development of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that elevated heme synthesis and uptake leads to intensified mitochondrial respiration and ATP generation, thereby promoting tumorigenic functions in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Also, lowering heme uptake/synthesis inhibits mitochondrial OXPHOS and effectively reduces oxygen consumption, thereby inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, migration, and tumor growth in NSCLC. Besides metabolic changes, mitochondrial dynamics such as fission and fusion are also altered in cancer cells. These alterations render mitochondria a vulnerable target for cancer therapy. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of mitochondrial alterations in cancer cells that contribute to tumorigenesis and the development of drug resistance. It highlights novel approaches involving mitochondria targeting in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; (P.G.); (C.V.); (S.D.)
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Wang F, Ye BG, Liu JZ, Kong DL. miR-487b and TRAK2 that form an axis to regulate the aggressiveness of osteosarcoma, are potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22511. [PMID: 32267991 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of microRNA-487b (miR-487b) as well as the underlying mechanism in osteosarcoma (OS). Data downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to analyze the expression and prognostic value of miR-487b/TRAK2. Cell counting kit-8, colony formation, and transwell assays were performed to investigate the biological functions of miR-487b and TRAK2. Luciferase reporter assay was applied to confirm the interactions between miR-487b and TRAK2. miR-487b was overexpressed in OS tissues and was inversely associated with the prognosis of OS patients. We discovered that miR-487b could contribute to the proliferative, clonogenic, invasive, and migratory capabilities of OS cells. Through target prediction using miRWalk and differential expression analysis based on the GEO data set, trafficking kinesin protein 2 (TRAK2) was recognized as a potential target of miR-487b, which was further verified by luciferase reporter assay. The expression of TRAK2 was decreased in OS tissues compared with normal tissues and was positively correlated with the prognosis of OS patients. A negative relevance was presented between the expression of miR-487b and TRAK2 in OS cells. Of note, further mechanistic analyses indicated that TRAK2 was implicated in the regulatory effect of miR-487b on the cell malignant behaviors in OS. To sum up, these results demonstrated that miR-487b played an oncogenic role in OS progression via directly targeting TRAK2, which could advance the development of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bao-Guo Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jun-Zhi Liu
- Department of Quality Control, China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Da-Liang Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Chen M, Mithraprabhu S, Ramachandran M, Choi K, Khong T, Spencer A. Utility of Circulating Cell-Free RNA Analysis for the Characterization of Global Transcriptome Profiles of Multiple Myeloma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060887. [PMID: 31242667 PMCID: PMC6628062 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the utility of extracellular RNA (exRNA) derived from the plasma of multiple myeloma (MM) patients for whole transcriptome characterization. exRNA from 10 healthy controls (HC), five newly diagnosed (NDMM), and 12 relapsed and refractory (RRMM) MM patients were analyzed and compared. We showed that ~45% of the exRNA genes were protein-coding genes and ~85% of the identified genes were covered >70%. Compared to HC, we identified 632 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MM patients, of which 26 were common to NDMM and RRMM. We further identified 54 and 191 genes specific to NDMM and RRMM, respectively, and these included potential biomarkers such as LINC00863, MIR6754, CHRNE, ITPKA, and RGS18 in NDMM, and LINC00462, PPBP, RPL5, IER3, and MIR425 in RRMM, that were subsequently validated using droplet digital PCR. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms and small indels were identified in the exRNA, including mucin family genes that demonstrated different rates of mutations between NDMM and RRMM. This is the first whole transcriptome study of exRNA in hematological malignancy and has provided the basis for the utilization of exRNA to enhance our understanding of the MM biology and to identify potential biomarkers relevant to the diagnosis and prognosis of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshan Chen
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (ACBD), Clinical Central School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - Sridurga Mithraprabhu
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (ACBD), Clinical Central School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - Malarmathy Ramachandran
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (ACBD), Clinical Central School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - Kawa Choi
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (ACBD), Clinical Central School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - Tiffany Khong
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (ACBD), Clinical Central School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (ACBD), Clinical Central School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
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Furnish M, Caino MC. Altered mitochondrial trafficking as a novel mechanism of cancer metastasis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019; 3:e1157. [PMID: 32671955 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian cells must constantly reprogram the distribution of mitochondria in order to meet the local demands for energy, calcium, redox balance, and other mitochondrial functions. Mitochondrial localization inside the cell is a result of a combination of movement along the microtubule tracks plus anchoring to actin filaments. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances show that subcellular distribution of mitochondria can regulate tumor cell growth, proliferation/motility plasticity, metastatic competence, and therapy responses in tumors. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the mechanisms by which mitochondrial subcellular distribution is regulated in tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial trafficking is dysregulated in tumors. Accumulation of mitochondria at the leading edge of the cell supports energy expensive processes of focal adhesion dynamics, cell membrane dynamics, migration, and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Furnish
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - M Cecilia Caino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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8
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Lee CA, Chin LS, Li L. Hypertonia-linked protein Trak1 functions with mitofusins to promote mitochondrial tethering and fusion. Protein Cell 2018; 9:693-716. [PMID: 28924745 PMCID: PMC6053349 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertonia is a neurological dysfunction associated with a number of central nervous system disorders, including cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and epilepsy. Genetic studies have identified a homozygous truncation mutation in Trak1 that causes hypertonia in mice. Moreover, elevated Trak1 protein expression is associated with several types of cancers and variants in Trak1 are linked to childhood absence epilepsy in humans. Despite the importance of Trak1 in health and disease, the mechanisms of Trak1 action remain unclear and the pathogenic effects of Trak1 mutation are unknown. Here we report that Trak1 has a crucial function in regulation of mitochondrial fusion. Depletion of Trak1 inhibits mitochondrial fusion, resulting in mitochondrial fragmentation, whereas overexpression of Trak1 elongates and enlarges mitochondria. Our analyses revealed that Trak1 interacts and colocalizes with mitofusins on the outer mitochondrial membrane and functions with mitofusins to promote mitochondrial tethering and fusion. Furthermore, Trak1 is required for stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion and pro-survival response. We found that hypertonia-associated mutation impairs Trak1 mitochondrial localization and its ability to facilitate mitochondrial tethering and fusion. Our findings uncover a novel function of Trak1 as a regulator of mitochondrial fusion and provide evidence linking dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics to hypertonia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal A Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lih-Shen Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Xie JY, Chen PC, Zhang JL, Gao ZS, Neves H, Zhang SD, Wen Q, Chen WD, Kwok HF, Lin Y. The prognostic significance of DAPK1 in bladder cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175290. [PMID: 28388658 PMCID: PMC5384764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in men, however, there was only limited effective treatment for invasive bladder cancer. DAPK1 has been shown to play important role in apoptosis and autophagy to suppress cancer progression. Previous results have shown that DAPK1 promoter was hypermethylated in the majority of bladder cancer specimens, however, the prognostic significance of DAPK1 in bladder cancer has yet to be demonstrated. In the present study, we found that DAPK1 expression was negatively associated with tumor stage and a low level expression of DAPK1 in bladder cancer specimens were associated with shorter survival in bladder cancer patients in 3 independent bladder cancer datasets (n = 462). Further investigation showed that FGFR3 knockdown resulted in downregulation of DAPK1 in bladder cancer cell line, suggesting that FGFR3 may be an upstream factor of DAPK1. Further analysis of the 3 independent bladder cancer datasets have identified ACOX1, UPK2, TRAK1, PLEKHG6 and MT1X genes had their expression significantly correlated with that of DAPK1. Knockdown of DAPK1 in bladder cancer T24 cells resulted in downregulation of ACOX1, UPK2 and TRAK1. Interestingly, TRAK1, by itself, was a favorable prognostic marker in the 3 independent bladder cancer datasets. Importantly, by using connectivity mapping with DAPK1-associated gene signature, we found that vemurafenib and trametinib could possibly reverse DAPK1-associated gene signature, suggesting that inhibition of Raf/MEK pathway may be a potential therapeutic approach for bladder cancer. Indeed, treatment of vemurafenib in T24 bladder cancer cells resulted in upregulation of DAPK1 confirming our connectivity mapping, while knockdown of DAPK1 resulted in reduced sensitivity towards inhibition of Braf signaling by vemurafenib. Together, our results suggest that DAPK1 is an important prognostic marker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer and have identified possible therapeutic agents for future testing in bladder cancer models with low DAPK1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yun Xie
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-Chen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze-Shou Gao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Henrique Neves
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Shu-Dong Zhang
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Glenshane Road, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Qing Wen
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YL); (HFK); (WDC)
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
- * E-mail: (YL); (HFK); (WDC)
| | - Yao Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YL); (HFK); (WDC)
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Hou Y, Zhou J, Gao Z, Sun X, Liu C, Shangguan D, Yang W, Gao M. Protease-activated ratiometric fluorescent probe for pH mapping of malignant tumors. ACS NANO 2015; 9:3199-205. [PMID: 25670342 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A protease-activated ratiometric fluorescent probe based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer between a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye and biocompatible Fe3O4 nanocrystals was constructed. A peptide substrate of MMP-9 served as a linker between the particle quencher and the chromophore that was covalently attached to the antitumor antibody. The optical response of the probe to activated MMP-9 and gastric cell line SGC7901 tumor cells was investigated, followed by in vivo tumor imaging. Based on the ratiometric pH response to the tumor microenvironment, the resulting probe was successfully used to image the pH of subcutaneous tumor xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- †Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- †Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- †Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
- ‡College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- †Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- †Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dihua Shangguan
- †Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- ‡College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- †Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
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11
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Qiao R, Liu C, Liu M, Hu H, Liu C, Hou Y, Wu K, Lin Y, Liang J, Gao M. Ultrasensitive in vivo detection of primary gastric tumor and lymphatic metastasis using upconversion nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2015; 9:2120-2129. [PMID: 25602117 DOI: 10.1021/nn507433p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is an important prognostic factor regarding long-term survival rate of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Pretreatment knowledge of lymph node status is extremely helpful for planning treatment and prognosis. However, to date, no imaging method has been demonstrated to be effective for detecting lymphatic metastasis in GC. Molecular imaging probes based on upconversion nanoparticles with unique optical and magnetic properties have provided great hope for early tumor detection. Herein we report highly sensitive detection of lymphatic spread using core@shell structured NaGdF4:Yb,Er@NaGdF4 upconversion nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). A GC-specific probe was constructed through "click" reaction between the maleimide moiety of PEG ligand and the thiol group from partly reduced antigastric cancer antibody MGb2. The primary tumor and adjacent lymphatic metastasis site were clearly differentiated by upconversion luminescence imaging after the GC-specific probe was delivered through tail vein injection into tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, lymphatic metastases smaller than 1 mm were successfully detected, owing to the ultralow background under 980 nm excitation. It has been demonstrated that both primary and lymphatic metastatic sites in an orthotopic mouse model of human gastric cancer can be optically detected by using GC-specific upconversion luminescence nanoprobes. The current studies may therefore provide a highly effective approach for GC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Qiao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
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12
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Feng B, Li K, Zhong H, Ren G, Wang H, Shang Y, Bai M, Liang J, Wang X, Fan D. RhoE promotes metastasis in gastric cancer through a mechanism dependent on enhanced expression of CXCR4. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81709. [PMID: 24312338 PMCID: PMC3843694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoE, a novel member of the Rho protein family, is a key regulator of the cytoskeleton and cell migration. Our group has previously shown that RhoE as a direct target for HIF-1α and mediates hypoxia-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer cells. Therefore, we assumed that RhoE might play an important role in gastric cancer metastasis. In the present study, we have explored the role of RhoE expression in gastric cancer, cell invasion and metastasis, and the influence of RhoE on regulating the potential expression of down-stream genes. RhoE expression was elevated in gastric cancer tissues as compared with normal gastric tissues. We also found a close correlation between the histological grade and the diagnosis of the patient. Up-regulation of RhoE significantly enhanced the migratory and invasive abilities of gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, down-regulation of RhoE diminished the metastatic potential of cancer cells. PCR array and subsequent transwell assay showed that the regulation of gastric cancer metastasis by RhoE was partially mediated by CXCR4. This observation suggested that CXCR4 might be a downstream effector for RhoE. In summary, our study identified RhoE as a novel prognostic biomarker and metastatic-promoting gene of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haixing Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yulong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (XW); (DF)
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (XW); (DF)
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (XW); (DF)
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Differential expression of fascin, E-cadherin and vimentin: Proteins associated with survival of cholangiocarcinoma patients. Am J Med Sci 2013; 346:261-8. [PMID: 23221510 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e3182707108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the differential expression of fascin, E-cadherin and vimentin in human carcinogenesis. METHODS This study detected their expressions in 142 cholangiocarcinoma and 20 benign bile duct tissue specimens using immunohistochemistry. Clinicopathologic characteristics and survival data were also collected and analyzed for their association with expression of these 3 proteins. RESULTS The data showed that both fascin and vimentin proteins were significantly overexpressed in cholangiocarcinoma, whereas E-cadherin expression was reduced in cholangiocarcinoma compared with normal tissues. Fascin protein expression was associated with tumor dedifferentiation, venous invasion and lymph node or distant metastasis. Similarly, vimentin expression was associated with tumor dedifferentiation and venous invasion, as well as hepatitis virus infection. In contrast, loss of E-cadherin expression was associated with tumor dedifferentiation (P < 0.05). Because the functions of these 3 proteins were closely related, the data showed that fascin and E-cadherin protein expression was reversely associated. However, fascin and vimentin protein expression was positively associated with cholangiocarcinoma. Cox multiple regression analysis showed that distant tumor metastasis, tumor differentiation and overexpression of fascin and vimentin proteins were all independent risk factors for prognosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The data from the current study demonstrated that overexpression of fascin and vimentin proteins could be further evaluated as biomarkers for the prediction of cholangiocarcinoma patient survival.
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Li Y, Li Y, Chen T, Kuklina AS, Bernard P, Esteva FJ, Shen H, Ferrari M, Hu Y. Circulating proteolytic products of carboxypeptidase N for early detection of breast cancer. Clin Chem 2013; 60:233-42. [PMID: 24146311 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2013.211953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxypeptidase N (CPN) is important in regulating vasoactive peptide hormones, growth factors, and cytokines by specifically cleaving their C-terminal basic residues. We investigated whether circulating peptides specifically cleaved by CPN in the tumor microenvironment can be stage-specific indicators of breast cancer. METHODS CPN activity was measured using an ex vivo peptide cleavage assay by incubating synthesized C3f peptide (His6-C3f_S1304-R1320-His6) in interstitial fluids of breast tumors and adjacent normal breast tissues in mice with orthotopic implantation of the human cell line MDA-MB-231. The nature and extent of peptide cleavage by CPN was investigated by fragment profiling using nanopore fractionation and mass spectrometry. The fragment profiles in interstitial fluid correlated with concentrations of CPN-catalyzed peptides in blood samples taken from the tumor-bearing mice, healthy women, and breast cancer patients. CPN expression in the same set of samples was further examined by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. RESULTS We showed that generation of C3f_R1310-L1319 specifically correlated with the CPN expression level. In both the mouse and clinical patient samples, CPN was clearly increased in tumor tissues compared with normal breast tissue, whereas corresponding CPN abundance in blood remained constant. Concentrations of 6 CPN-catalyzed peptides predominantly increased in sera taken from the mice (n = 8) at 2 weeks after orthotopic implantation. Six homologous peptides displayed significantly higher expression in the patients' plasma as early as the first pathologic stage of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Circulating CPN-catalyzed peptide concentrations reflect the CPN activity in tumors. These biomarkers show strong potential for the noninvasive and early diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojun Li
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX
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15
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Revisiting the TRAK family of proteins as mediators of GABAA receptor trafficking. Neurochem Res 2013; 39:992-6. [PMID: 24122114 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor interacting factor-1 (GRIF-1) was originally discovered as a result of studies aiming to find the elusive GABAA receptor clustering protein. It was identified as a GABAA receptor associated protein by virtue of its specific interaction with the GABAA receptor β2 subunit intracellular loop in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a rat brain cDNA library. Further work however, established that GRIF-1, now known as trafficking kinesin protein 2 (TRAK2), is a member of the TRAK family of kinesin adaptor proteins. A pivotal role for TRAK1 and TRAK2 in the transport of mitochondria is well recognized. Notwithstanding this progress, there is a body of evidence that still supports a role for TRAKs in the intracellular transport of GABAA receptors. This is critically reviewed in this article.
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Wu HL, Duan ZT, Jiang ZD, Cao WJ, Wang ZB, Hu KW, Gao X, Wang SK, He BS, Zhang ZY, Xie HG. Increased endoplasmic reticulum stress response is involved in clopidogrel-induced apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74381. [PMID: 24058556 PMCID: PMC3772828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The widespread use of clopidogrel alone or in combination with aspirin may result in gastrointestinal mucosal injury, clinically represented as recurrent ulceration and bleeding complications. Our recent work suggested that clopidogrel significantly induced human gastric epithelial cell (GES-1) apoptosis and disrupted gastric mucosal barrier, and that a p38 MAPK inhibitor could attenuate such injury. However, their exact mechanisms are largely unknown. Methods The GES-1 cells were used as a model system, the effects of clopidogrel on the whole gene expression profile were evaluated by human gene expression microarray and gene ontology analysis, changes of the mRNA and protein expression were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, and cell viability and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Results Gene microarray analysis identified 79 genes that were differentially expressed (P<0.05 and fold-change >3) when cells were treated with or without clopidogrel. Gene ontology analysis revealed that response to stress and cell apoptosis dysfunction were ranked in the top 10 cellular events being affected, and that the major components of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis pathway – CHOP and TRIB3– were up-regulated in a concentration- and time-dependent manner when cells were treated with clopidogrel. Pathway analysis demonstrated that multiple MAPK kinases were phosphorylated in clopidogrel-treated GES-1 cells, but that only SB-203580 (a p38-specific MAPK inhibitor) attenuated cell apoptosis and CHOP over-expression, both of which were induced by clopidogrel. Conclusions Increased endoplasmic reticulum stress response is involved in clopidogrel-induced gastric mucosal injury, acting through p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lu Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao-Tao Duan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zong-Dan Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Jun Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke-Wei Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Kui Wang
- Central Laboratory, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bang-Shun He
- Central Laboratory, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (ZYZ); (HGX)
| | - Hong-Guang Xie
- Central Laboratory, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (ZYZ); (HGX)
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Wu HL, Gao X, Jiang ZD, Duan ZT, Wang SK, He BS, Zhang ZY, Xie HG. Attenuated expression of the tight junction proteins is involved in clopidogrel-induced gastric injury through p38 MAPK activation. Toxicology 2012; 304:41-8. [PMID: 23220562 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bleeding complications and delayed healing of gastric ulcer associated with use of clopidogrel is a common clinical concern; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined. This study aimed to clarify whether clopidogrel could cause the damage of the human gastric epithelial cells and to further elucidate the mechanisms involved. After human gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 had been treated with clopidogrel (0.5-2.5 mM), the cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay, apoptosis was measured with DAPI staining and flow cytometry analysis, and the barrier function of the tight junctions (TJ) was evaluated by permeability measurement and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, expression of the TJ proteins occludin and ZO-1 and the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) p38, ERK, and JNK were examined by western blot. In addition, three MAPK inhibitors specific to p38, ERK and JNK were used, respectively, to verify the signaling pathways responsible for regulating the expression of the TJ proteins being tested. Results showed that clopidogrel significantly increased dextran permeability, induced apoptosis, suppressed GES-1 cell viability, and reduced the expression of the TJ proteins (occludin and ZO-1), acting through p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Furthermore, these observed effects were partially abolished by SB-203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor), rather than by either U-0126 (an ERK inhibitor) or SP-600125 (a JNK inhibitor), suggesting that clopidogrel-induced disruption in the gastric epithelial cells is mediated by the p38 MAPK pathway. It is concluded that attenuated expression of the TJ proteins occludin and ZO-1 in human gastric epithelial cells could be involved in clopidogrel-induced gastric mucosal injury through activation of the p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lu Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Ren G, Tian Q, An Y, Feng B, Lu Y, Liang J, Li K, Shang Y, Nie Y, Wang X, Fan D. Coronin 3 promotes gastric cancer metastasis via the up-regulation of MMP-9 and cathepsin K. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:67. [PMID: 22974233 PMCID: PMC3522055 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronins are a family of highly evolutionary conserved proteins reportedly involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, although only coronin 3 has been shown to be related to cancer cell migration. In glioblastoma cells, the knockdown of coronin 3 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion. Coronin 3 is also associated with the aggression and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this paper, we analyze the migration, invasion and metastasis abilities of gastric cancer cells after up- or down-regulation of coronin 3, and explore the mechanism of coronin 3 in the process of gastric cancer metastasis. Results The expression of coronin 3 was higher in the highly metastatic sub-cell line MKN28-M, which we established in our laboratory. We also demonstrated that the expression of coronin 3 was remarkably higher in lymph lode metastases than in primary gastric cancer tissues, and over-expression of coronin 3 was correlated with the increased clinical stage and lymph lode metastasis. Recombinant lentiviral vectors encoding shRNAs were designed to down-regulate coronin 3 expression in gastric cancer cell lines. Stable knockdown of coronin 3 by this lentiviral vector could efficiently inhibit the migration and invasion of MKN45 gastric cancer cells. In contrast, up-regulation of coronin 3 significantly enhanced migration and invasion of MKN28-NM cells. In addition, knockdown of coronin 3 significantly reduced liver metastasis in mice after tail vein injection of gastric cancer cells. The Human Tumor Metastasis PCR Array was used to screen the metastasis-associated genes identified by the down-regulation of coronin 3, and the results suggested that, following the knockdown of coronin 3, the tumor cell migration and invasion were inhibited by the reduced expression of MMP-9 and cathepsin K. Conclusion Coronin 3 is highly expressed in gastric cancer metastases and can promote the metastatic behaviors of gastric cancer cells, including their migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Fascin and cortactin expression is correlated with a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 24:633-9. [PMID: 22495401 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e3283515a18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fascin and cortactin protein expression and clinicopathological parameters and survival time in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS A total of 77 specimens of HCC and seven specimens of normal liver tissues were collected. The expressions of fascin and cortactin were examined by immunohistochemical staining. The patients from whom the HCCs were taken were also followed up. In these 74 patients, Kaplan-Meier was used to assess survival outcomes. RESULTS The data revealed that fascin and cortactin expressions were upregulated in the HCC samples. The positive expression of fascin significantly correlated with histological differentiation and metastasis. The positive expression of cortactin significantly correlated with histological differentiation, metastasis, and T stage (International Union Against Cancer). Survival time of the patients with positive fascin expression and positive cortactin expression was significantly decreased, and the median survival duration was short. CONCLUSION Fascin and cortactin might be important indicators of the malignancy and metastasis of liver cancer, and may have predictive value in the prognosis of HCC.
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Shi Y, Wang SH, Zhang FM. Role of γ-aminobutyric acid and its receptors in carcinogenesis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:399-404. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i5.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain and it is also expressed in the central nervous system, peripheral nerves and peripheral non-neural tissues. Recent studies have shown that GABA is involved in the proliferation and migration of tumor cells and other processes of tumor development. According to different sensitivity to agonists and antagonists, GABA receptors have been classified into three types: A, B and C. GABA receptors and their receptor subunits are involved in complicated regulation of tumor cells. Many studies have demonstrated that GABA binding to its receptors can activate or inhibit the cAMP signaling pathway and the MAPK/ERK pathway, and regulate cancer cell proliferation and migration. The potential value of GABA in cancer diagnosis, prognostic prediction and biotherapy has been gradually revealed. In the present article, we reviewed the recent progress in understanding the role of GABA and its receptors in carcinogenesis.
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An Y, Zhou Y, Ren G, Tian Q, Lu Y, Li H, Li K, Su T, Xu B, Chen S, Wang T, Zhang X, Nie Y, Wang X, Zhao Q. Elevated expression of MGb2-Ag/TRAK1 is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2011; 26:1397-404. [PMID: 21573901 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-011-1237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MGb2, a mouse-derived monoclonal antibody specific to gastric carcinoma, was developed in our laboratory. Nevertheless, the potential role of MGb2-antigen/TRAK1 (MGb2-Ag/TRAK1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between MGb2-Ag/TRAK1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of CRC. The potential utility of MGb2-Ag/TRAK1 expression as a prognostic indicator was also evaluated. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect MGb2-Ag/TRAK1 expression in 140 CRC tissues. The relationship between MGb2-Ag/TRAK1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative survival time was statistically analyzed. RESULTS MGb2-Ag/TRAK1 expression in CRC tissues was significantly higher than in normal tissues and was positively correlated with tumor differentiation (p = 0.006), invasion (p = 0.049), and pathological stage (p = 0.032). There was no significant difference between MGb2-Ag/TRAK1 expression and the age or gender of the patient, lymphatic invasion, or distant metastasis (p = 0.586, 0.308, 0.910, and 0.068, respectively). The survival time of CRC patients with high expression of MGb2-Ag/TRAK1 was shorter than the survival time of patients with low MGb2-Ag/TRAK1 expression. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that tumor differentiation and MGb2-Ag/TRAK1 expression were two independent and prognostic factors for CRC (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS MGb2-Ag/TRAK1 may play an important role in the development of CRC and may be a valuable prognostic indicator of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin An
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Western Road, 169, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
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Wang X, Dhawan K, Lin J, Satpathy A, Zhang P, Ji G, Fan Z, Zhang F. Pathological feature of a giant ileal Meckel's diverticulum with ectopic gastric mucosa. Clin J Gastroenterol 2010; 3:92-6. [PMID: 26190002 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-010-0144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The ileum generally works well, whereas Meckel's diverticulum (MD) has complications including bleeding, obstruction, intussusception, diverticulitis, and perforation. Our knowledge of the pathological features of the MD muscular layer and mucosa is limited. We report a rare case of giant MD that was diagnosed by double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE). The pathological features of the mucosa were evaluated by investigation for Helicobacter pylori; and the nuclear proliferation antigen Ki-67, the gastrointestinal cancer-associated biomarker TRAK1, synaptophysin, and neurofilament were used to precisely define the mucosa and neuronal and ganglion cell components. The pathophysiology of MD is discussed and a literature review is presented. We believe that this is the first report of a systematic histochemical analysis of the mucosa and myenteric plexus of MD and the normal ileum. The present investigation may provide novel evidence of pathological abnormalities resulting in the complex complications of MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Kashish Dhawan
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Ashwini Satpathy
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Guozhong Ji
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Zhining Fan
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Faming Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan, Nanjing, 210011, China.
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Huang XD, Zhang FM, Ji GZ. Role of Smad4 in cancer invasion and metastasis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:849-853. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i9.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a ubiquitous and essential regulator of cellular and physiologic processes including proliferation, differentiation, migration, cell survival, angiogenesis and immunosurveillance. The tumor suppressor gene Smad4 (DPC4) is the central intracellular mediator of transforming growth factor-β-Smad(TGF-β-Smad) signaling, which is a key pathway in cancer invasion and metastasis. This review focuses on the mechanisms whereby the Smads are modified and regulated, and summarizes current views on the role of Smad4 in tumorigenesis, with emphasis on cancer invasion and metastasis.
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