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Humer D, Spadiut O. Enzyme prodrug therapy: cytotoxic potential of paracetamol turnover with recombinant horseradish peroxidase. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021; 152:1389-1397. [PMID: 34759433 PMCID: PMC8542555 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Targeted cancer treatment is a promising, less invasive alternative to chemotherapy as it is precisely directed against tumor cells whilst leaving healthy tissue unaffected. The plant-derived enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) can be used for enzyme prodrug cancer therapy with indole-3-acetic acid or the analgesic paracetamol (acetaminophen). Oxidation of paracetamol by HRP in the presence of hydrogen peroxide leads to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine and polymer formation via a radical reaction mechanism. N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine binds to DNA and proteins, resulting in severe cytotoxicity. However, plant HRP is not suitable for this application since the foreign glycosylation pattern is recognized by the human immune system, causing rapid clearance from the body. Furthermore, plant-derived HRP is a mixture of isoenzymes with a heterogeneous composition. Here, we investigated the reaction of paracetamol with defined recombinant HRP variants produced in E. coli, as well as plant HRP, and found that they are equally effective in paracetamol oxidation at a concentration ≥ 400 µM. At low paracetamol concentrations, however, recombinant HRP seems to be more efficient in paracetamol oxidation. Yet upon treatment of HCT-116 colon carcinoma and FaDu squamous carcinoma cells with HRP-paracetamol no cytotoxic effect was observed, neither in the presence nor absence of hydrogen peroxide. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00706-021-02848-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Humer
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Humer D, Furlanetto V, Schruef AK, Wlodarczyk A, Kuttke M, Divne C, Spadiut O. Potential of unglycosylated horseradish peroxidase variants for enzyme prodrug cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112037. [PMID: 34392084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fighting cancer still relies on chemo- and radiation therapy, which is a trade-off between effective clearance of malignant cells and severe side effects on healthy tissue. Targeted cancer treatment on the other hand is a promising and refined strategy with less systemic interference. The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) exhibits cytotoxic effects on cancer cells in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). However, the plant-derived enzyme is out of bounds for medical purposes due to its foreign glycosylation pattern and resulting rapid clearance and immunogenicity. In this study, we generated recombinant, unglycosylated HRP variants in Escherichia coli using random mutagenesis and investigated their biochemical properties and suitability for cancer treatment. The cytotoxicity of the HRP-IAA enzyme prodrug system was assessed in vitro with HCT-116 human colon, FaDu human nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and murine colon adenocarcinoma cells (MC38). Extensive cytotoxicity was shown in all three cancer cell lines: the cell viability of HCT-116 and MC38 cells treated with HRP-IAA was below 1% after 24 h incubation and the surviving fraction of FaDu cells was ≤ 10% after 72 h. However, no cytotoxic effect was observed upon in vivo intratumoral application of HRP-IAA on a MC38 tumor model in C57BL/6J mice. However, we expect that targeting of HRP to the tumor by conjugation to specific antibodies or antibody fragments will reduce HRP clearance and thereby enhance therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Humer
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentina Furlanetto
- KTH School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health Department of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Katharina Schruef
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Wlodarczyk
- Austrian Research Institute for Chemistry and Engineering (OFI), Franz-Grill-Straße 5, Objekt 213, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Kuttke
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Pharmacology and Physiology, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Divne
- KTH School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health Department of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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Progress and problems with the use of suicide genes for targeted cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:113-128. [PMID: 26004498 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Among various gene therapy methods for cancer, suicide gene therapy attracts a special attention because it allows selective conversion of non-toxic compounds into cytotoxic drugs inside cancer cells. As a result, therapeutic index can be increased significantly by introducing high concentrations of cytotoxic molecules to the tumor environment while minimizing impact on normal tissues. Despite significant success at the preclinical level, no cancer suicide gene therapy protocol has delivered the desirable clinical significance yet. This review gives a critical look at the six main enzyme/prodrug systems that are used in suicide gene therapy of cancer and familiarizes readers with the state-of-the-art research and practices in this field. For each enzyme/prodrug system, the mechanisms of action, protein engineering strategies to enhance enzyme stability/affinity and chemical modification techniques to increase prodrug kinetics and potency are discussed. In each category, major clinical trials that have been performed in the past decade with each enzyme/prodrug system are discussed to highlight the progress to date. Finally, shortcomings are underlined and areas that need improvement in order to produce clinical significance are delineated.
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Dioscin suppresses human laryngeal cancer cells growth via induction of cell-cycle arrest and MAPK-mediated mitochondrial-derived apoptosis and inhibition of tumor invasion. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 774:105-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li XP, Zhang HL, Wang HJ, Li YX, Li M, Lu L, Wan Y, Zhou BL, Liu Y, Pan Y, Wu XZ, Fan YZ, Yu CH, Wei YQ, Shi HS. Ad-endostatin treatment combined with low-dose irradiation in a murine lung cancer model. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:650-8. [PMID: 24927253 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a conventional strategy for treating advanced lung cancer yet is accompanied by serious side-effects. Its combination with other strategies, such as antiangiogenesis and gene therapy, has shown excellent prospects. As one of the potent endogenous vascular inhibitors, endostatin has been widely used in the antiangiogenic gene therapy of tumors. In the present study, LL/2 cells were infected with a recombinant adenovirus encoding endostatin (Ad-endostatin) to express endostatin. The results showed that LL/2 cells infected with the Ad-endostatin efficiently and longlastingly expressed endostatin. In order to further explore the role of Ad-endostatin combined with irradiation in the treatment of cancer, a murine lung cancer model was established and treated with Ad-endostatin combined with low-dose irradiation. The results showed that the combination treatment markedly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis, and prolonged the survival time of the tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, this significant antitumor activity was associated with lower levels of microvessel density and anoxia factors in the Ad-Endo combined with irradiation group, and with an increased apoptotic index of tumor cells. In addition, no serious side-effects were noted in the combination group. Based on our findings, Ad-endostatin combined with low-dose irradiation may be a rational alternative treatment for lung cancer and other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Ling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Zi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Heng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Shan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Takahashi H, Hyakusoku H, Horii C, Takahashi M, Nishimura G, Taguchi T, Kondo N, Sakakibara A, Urata Y, Sano D. Telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus: antitumor effects on radiation-resistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Head Neck 2013; 36:411-8. [PMID: 23728900 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radioresistance remains a critical issue in the use of radiotherapy for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study evaluated the efficacy of combination treatment with OBP-301, a telomerase-specific replication-selective adenovirus, and radiotherapy in overcoming radioresistance by examining its effect on radiation-resistant HNSCC cells. METHODS Radiation-resistant HNSCC cells were treated with OBP-301 and radiation in vitro and in an orthotopic nude mouse model in vivo and synergism was assessed. Apoptosis and expression of MRN complex, which plays a key role in DNA repair machinery, were also analyzed. RESULTS Infection with OBP-301 was found to enhance the antitumor efficacy of radiation both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting MRN complex expression and increasing apoptosis induction. CONCLUSION Combined OBP-301 and radiation therapy seems to overcome radioresistance in HNSCC cells by inhibiting DNA repair machinery, and may thus be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Takahashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium, a natural tool for activation of prodrug 6MePdR and their combination therapy in murine melanoma model. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:4393-401. [PMID: 22868826 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The PNP/6-methylpurine 2'-deoxyriboside (6MePdR) system is an efficient gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy system with significant antitumor activities. In this system, Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (ePNP) activates nontoxic 6MePdR into potent antitumor drug 6-methylpurine (6MeP). The Salmonella typhimurium PNP (sPNP) gene has a 96-% sequence homology in comparison with ePNP and also has the ability to convert 6MePdR to 6MeP. In this study, we used tumor-targeting S. typhimurium VNP20009 expressing endogenous PNP gene constitutively to activate 6MePdR and a combination treatment of bacteria and prodrug in B16F10 melanoma model. The conversion of 6MePdR to 6MeP by S. typhimurium was analyzed by HPLC and the enzyme activity of sPNP was confirmed by in vitro (tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay) MTT cytotoxicity assay. After systemic administration of VNP20009 to mice, the bacteria largely accumulated and specifically delivered endogenous sPNP in the tumor. In comparison with VNP20009 or 6MePdR treatment alone, combined administration of VNP20009 followed by 6MePdR treatment significantly delayed the growth of B16F10 tumor and increased the CD8(+) T-cell infiltration. In summary, our results demonstrated that the combination therapy of S. typhimurium and prodrug 6MePdR is a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
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Shin JS, Foot T, Hong A, Zhang M, Lum T, Solomon MJ, Soon Lee C. Telomerase expression as a predictive marker of radiotherapy response in rectal cancer: in vitro and in vivo study. Pathology 2012; 44:209-15. [DOI: 10.1097/pat.0b013e3283511cd5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kim S, Youn H, Song MG, Kang JH, Chung HK, Lee DS, Chung JK. Complementary treatment of siTERT for improving the antitumor effect of TERT-specific I-131 therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:263-70. [PMID: 22301953 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium iodide symporter (NIS)-based radionuclide therapy provides an effective means of treating malignant tumors. However, it is sometimes inadequate because of limited effects on radio-resistant tumors, and thus, combination therapies with other therapeutic options have been requested to enhance its efficacy. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) has been reported to be involved in the progression of most cancers and also been viewed as a good candidate for targeting tumor. Application of TERT-specific radionuclide therapies using NIS gene transfer have been reported to treat TERT-positive tumors, but this approach only demonstrated tumor regression rather than eradication. As inhibiting TERT expression by introducing the hTERT-specific shRNA (siTERT) has been suggested as a therapeutic option, we investigated the complementary role of siTERT treatment after the TERT-specific I-131 therapy and its possibility as a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy. Retroviruses containing TERT promoter/NIS for TERT specific Radionuclide therapy and siTERT for TERT targeting antisense therapy were produced. Hep3B cells expressing TERT specific NIS (Hep3B-TERT/NIS) were xenografted into nude mouse and visualized with micro-SPECT/CT for monitoring NIS activity. The levels of hTERT mRNA, protein and its activity were confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blotting and Telomerase repeat amplification protocol assay. Cell proliferation was monitored by MTT assay and induced apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin-V-PI staining. Therapeutic effects of I-131 and/or siTERT were evaluated by clonogenic assay and mouse tumor model. Reduction of hTERT mRNA, protein and TERT activity by siTERT were observed in Hep3B-TERT/NIS cells. The viabilities of the infected cells were significantly decreased to 50% versus siScramble treated controls. The early apoptotic cell population was increased by siTERT. The survival rates of cells treated with siTERT or I-131 alone were 72.4±7.6% and 56.2±5.2%, respectively. However, the survival rate of cells treated with I-131 and siTERT were decreased to 22.1±2.8%. From mouse xenograft model, we also found that the siTERT gene therapy showed synergism to the radioiodine therapy for reducing tumor growth in vivo. Our Results suggested that complementary siTERT gene therapy offers a novel strategy of cancer therapy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of TERT-specific I-131.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
The role of telomeres and telomerase as a target for cancer therapeutics is an area of continuing interest. This review is intended to provide an update on the field, pointing to areas in which our knowledge remains deficient and exploring the details of the most promising areas being advanced into clinical trials. Topics that will be covered include the role of dysfunctional telomeres in cellular aging and how replicative senescence provides an initial barrier to the emergence of immortalized cells, a hallmark of cancer. As an important translational theme, this review will consider possibilities for selectively targeting telomeres and telomerase to enhance cancer therapy. The role of telomerase as an immunotherapy, as a gene therapy approach using telomerase promoter driven oncolytic viruses and as a small oligonucleotide targeted therapy (Imetelstat) will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel M Ouellette
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Buseman CM, Wright WE, Shay JW. Is telomerase a viable target in cancer? Mutat Res 2011; 730:90-7. [PMID: 21802433 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ideal cancer treatment would specifically target cancer cells yet have minimal or no adverse effects on normal somatic cells. Telomerase, the ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase that maintains the ends of human chromosome, is an attractive cancer therapeutic target for exactly this reason [1]. Telomerase is expressed in more than 85% of cancer cells, making it a nearly universal cancer marker, while the majority of normal somatic cells are telomerase negative. Telomerase activity confers limitless replicative potential to cancer cells, a hallmark of cancer which must be attained for the continued growth that characterizes almost all advanced neoplasms [2]. In this review we will summarize the role of telomeres and telomerase in cancer cells, and how properties of telomerase are being exploited to create targeted cancer therapies including telomerase inhibitors, telomerase-targeted immunotherapies and telomerase-driven virotherapies. A frank and balanced assessment of the current state of telomerase inhibitors with caveats and potential limitations will be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Buseman
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, USA
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Xu Y, Hou J, Liu Z, Yu H, Sun W, Xiong J, Liao Z, Zhou F, Xie C, Zhou Y. Gene therapy with tumor-specific promoter mediated suicide gene plus IL-12 gene enhanced tumor inhibition and prolonged host survival in a murine model of Lewis lung carcinoma. J Transl Med 2011; 9:39. [PMID: 21481255 PMCID: PMC3094222 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gene therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for cancer. Targeted expression of desired therapeutic proteins within the tumor is the best approach to reduce toxicity and improve survival. This study is to establish a more effective and less toxic gene therapy of cancer. Methods Combined gene therapy strategy with recombinant adenovirus expressing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) mediated by human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter (AdhTERTHRP) and murine interleukin-12 (mIL-12) under the control of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (AdCMVmIL-12) was developed and evaluated against Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) both in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism of action and systemic toxicities were also investigated. Results The combination of AdhTERTHRP/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) treatment and AdCMVmIL-12 resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition and survival improvement compared with AdhTERTHRP/IAA alone (tumor volume, 427.4 ± 48.7 mm3 vs 581.9 ± 46.9 mm3, p = 0.005 on day 15; median overall survival (OS), 51 d vs 33 d) or AdCMVmIL-12 alone (tumor volume, 362.2 ± 33.8 mm3 vs 494.4 ± 70.2 mm3, p = 0.046 on day 12; median OS, 51 d vs 36 d). The combination treatment stimulated more CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration in tumors, compared with either AdCMVmIL-12 alone (1.3-fold increase for CD4+ T cells and 1.2-fold increase for CD8+ T cells, P < 0.01) or AdhTERTHRP alone (2.1-fold increase for CD4+ T cells and 2.2-fold increase for CD8+ T cells, P < 0.01). The apoptotic cells in combination group were significantly increased in comparison with AdCMVmIL-12 alone group (2.8-fold increase, P < 0.01) or AdhTERTHRP alone group (1.6-fold increase, P < 0.01). No significant systematic toxicities were observed. Conclusions Combination gene therapy with AdhTERTHRP/IAA and AdCMVmIL-12 could significantly inhibit tumor growth and improve host survival in LLC model, without significant systemic adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
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Yu DS, Zhao W, Huang HZ, Hu XW, Liu XQ, Tang HK. Synthetic radiation-inducible promoters mediated HSV-TK/GCV gene therapy in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2010; 16:445-52. [PMID: 20412454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene mediated by synthetic radiation-inducible promoters in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The plasmids pcDNA3.1(+)E6-HSV-TK were constructed, in which the HSV-TK genes were mediated by synthetic radiation-inducible promoters. The recombined plasmids were transfected into the Tca8113 cells and golden hamster buccal carcinoma, respectively. Low-dose radiotherapy was used to upregulate the HSV-TK genes expression. HSV-TK mRNA was assayed by RT-PCR. Apoptosis and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were detected respectively by in situ end-labeling and immunohistochemical method. RESULTS Compared with control group, the comparative survival rate of Tca8113 cells in HSV-TK/GCV/IR group was markedly decreased and the golden hamster buccal carcinoma in HSV-TK/GCV/IR group was obviously suppressed. Up-regulation of HSV-TK gene expression was found in the Tca8113 cells and in the golden hamster buccal carcinoma resulting from exposure to low-dose irradiation. The apoptosis indexes in Tca8113 cells or golden hamster buccal carcinoma with irradiation were markedly higher than those without irradiation. At the same time, the proliferation indexes in Tca8113 cells or golden hamster buccal carcinoma with irradiation were markedly lower than those without irradiation. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the synthetic radiation-inducible promoters can serve as a molecular switch to adjust the expression of HSV-TK gene in the treatment of OSCC, and low-dose induction radiation can significantly improve therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-S Yu
- Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Effect of 103Pd radioactive stent on caspase-9, cholangiocarcinoma cell growth and its radiosensitivity. Surg Oncol 2010; 20:247-51. [PMID: 20231087 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of (103)Pd radioactive stent on Caspase-9, cholangiocarcinoma cell growth and its radiosensitivity. METHODS Cholangiocarcinoma was treated with (103)Pd radioactive stent at different period. Radiosensitivity of the cells was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. Apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells was detected by immunohistochemistry and electron microscope. The activity of Caspase-9 was detected by non-radioimmunoprecipitation, while its protein expression was detected by Western blot. RESULTS (103)Pd radioactive stent had significant inhibitive effect on cholangiocarcinoma cells and it could induce apoptosis. After treatment by (103)Pd radioactive stent for 10 days, the activity of Caspase-9 was gradually enhanced, which was markedly decreased in common stent group. Cholangiocarcinoma cells had relatively high sensitivity to (103)Pd radiation. CONCLUSION (103)Pd radioactive stent can activate caspase-9 gene to induce apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cell, inhibit its growth and enhance its radiosensitivity.
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Lv JL, Gao N, Li F, He W, Shang JL. Combined use of indole-3-acetic acid and horseradish peroxidase inhibits the growth of human adenoid cystic carcinoma SACC-2 cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:2413-2416. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i23.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of combined use of indole-3-acetic (IAA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the growth of human adenoid cystic carcinoma SACC-2 cells in vitro.
METHODS: After HRP (1.2 mg/L) and IAA at different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μmol/L) were co-incubated with SACC-2 cells for 48 h, the changes in cell morphology were observed under light microscopy, the growth inhibition rate was measured by the CCK-8 assay, and the expression level of caspase-3 mRNA was determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR.
RESULTS: Compared with negative control cells, cells incubated with IAA/HRP underwent shrinkage, became small and round, and showed significant vacuole formation. The growth inhibition rates achieved in cells incubated with HRP (1.2 mg/L) and IAA at 40, 60, 80 and 100 μmol/L were significantly higher than that in control cells (31.8%, 38.71%, 60.57% and 80.18% vs 0%, respectively; all P < 0.05). Combined use of HRP (1.2 mg/L) and IAA at 60 and 100 μmol/L could significantly upregulate the expression of caspase-3 mRNA when compared to control cells (0.835 ± 0.019 and 1.667 ± 0.022 vs 0.242 ± 0.025, respectively; both P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Combined use of IAA and HRP is able to significantly inhibit the growth of SACC-2 cells in vitro perhaps through upregulation of caspase-3 mRNA expression to induce cell apoptosis.
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