1
|
Pallasch FB, Freytag V, Kriegs M, Gatzemeier D, Mair T, Voss H, Riecken K, Dawood M, Fehse B, Efferth T, Schlüter H, Schumacher U. The Histogenetic Origin of Malignant Cells Predicts Their Susceptibility towards Synthetic Lethality Utilizing the TK.007 System. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2278. [PMID: 38927982 PMCID: PMC11202008 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remarkable differences exist in the outcome of systemic cancer therapies. Lymphomas and leukemias generally respond well to systemic chemotherapies, while solid cancers often fail. We engineered different human cancer cells lines to uniformly express a modified herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase TK.007 as a suicide gene when ganciclovir (GCV) is applied, thus in theory achieving a similar response in all cell lines. METHODS Fifteen different cell lines were engineered to express the TK.007 gene. XTT-cell proliferation assays were performed and the IC50-values were calculated. Functional kinome profiling, mRNA sequencing, and bottom-up proteomics analysis with Ingenuity pathway analysis were performed. RESULTS GCV potency varied among cell lines, with lymphoma and leukemia cells showing higher susceptibility than solid cancer cells. Functional kinome profiling implies a contribution of the SRC family kinases and decreased overall kinase activity. mRNA sequencing highlighted alterations in the MAPK pathways and bottom-up proteomics showed differences in apoptotic and epithelial junction signaling proteins. CONCLUSIONS The histogenetic origin of cells influenced the susceptibility of human malignant cells towards cytotoxic agents with leukemias and lymphomas being more sensitive than solid cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Bernhard Pallasch
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (U.S.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Vera Freytag
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (U.S.)
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum–University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum–University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Gatzemeier
- Section Mass Spectrometric and Proteomics, Center of Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Mair
- Section Mass Spectrometric and Proteomics, Center of Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Voss
- Section Mass Spectrometric and Proteomics, Center of Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mona Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Section Mass Spectrometric and Proteomics, Center of Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (U.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Medical School Berlin, Mecklenburgische Strasse 57, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen X, Yuan Q, Liu J, Xia S, Shi X, Su Y, Wang Z, Li S, Shang D. Comprehensive characterization of extracellular matrix-related genes in PAAD identified a novel prognostic panel related to clinical outcomes and immune microenvironment: A silico analysis with in vivo and vitro validation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985911. [PMID: 36311789 PMCID: PMC9606578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a vital component of the tumor microenvironment, which interplays with stromal and tumor cells to stimulate the capacity of cancer cells to proliferate, migrate, invade, and undergo angiogenesis. Nevertheless, the crucial functions of ECM-related genes (ECMGs) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) have not been systematically evaluated. Hence, a comprehensive evaluation of the ECMGs is required in pan-cancer, especially in PAAD. First, a pan-cancer overview of ECMGs was explored through the integration of expression profiles, prognostic values, mutation information, methylation levels, and pathway-regulation relationships. Seven ECMGs (i.e. LAMB3, LAMA3, ITGB6, ITGB4, ITGA2, LAMC2, and COL11A1) were identified to be hub genes of PAAD, which were obviously up-regulated in PAAD and considerably linked to tumor stage as well as prognosis. Subsequently, patients with PAAD were divided into 3 clusters premised on ECMG expression and ECM scores. Cluster 2 was the subtype with the best prognosis accompanied by the lowest ECM scores, further verifying ECM’s significant contribution to the pathophysiological processes of PAAD. Significant differences were observed for oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression, immune microenvironment, and chemotherapy sensitivity across three ECM subtypes. After applying a variety of bioinformatics methods, a novel and robust ECM-associated mRNA-lncRNA-based prognostic panel (ECM-APP) was developed and validated for accurately predicting clinical outcomes of patients with PAAD. Patients with PAAD were randomly categorized into the train, internal validation, and external validation cohorts; meanwhile, each patient was allocated into high-risk (unfavorable prognosis) and low-risk (favorable prognosis) populations premised on the expression traits of ECM-related mRNAs and lncRNAs. The discrepancy in the tumor mutation burden and immune microenvironment might be responsible for the difference in prognoses across the high-risk and low-risk populations. Overall, our findings identified and validated seven ECMGs remarkably linked to the onset and progression of PAAD. ECM-based molecular classification and prognostic panel aid in the prognostic assessment and personalized intervention of patients with PAAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qihang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shilin Xia
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xueying Shi
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuxin Su
- Department of Medical Imaging, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northern Theater Command General Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhizhou Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Shang, ; Shuang Li, ; Zhizhou Wang,
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Shang, ; Shuang Li, ; Zhizhou Wang,
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Shang, ; Shuang Li, ; Zhizhou Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Wang Z, Zhao F, Zeng J, Yang X. MicroRNA‑190b expression predicts a good prognosis and attenuates the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer by targeting MEF2C and TCF4. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:12. [PMID: 34779502 PMCID: PMC8600408 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are key components of regulatory networks in cancer. Although miR-190b is an important tumor-related miRNA, its role in pancreatic cancer has not been extensively investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of miR-190b in pancreatic cancer cell lines and tissues and evaluate its effects on cancer progression. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis was used to measure miR-190b expression levels in human pancreatic cancer cell lines and tissues, and the association between miR-190b expression and clinicopathological characteristics was assessed. An in vitro Transwell invasion assay and an in vivo metastasis formation assay were performed using pancreatic cancer cells. The effect of miR-190b on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay based on an in vivo xenograft mouse model. The direct targets of miR-190b were predicted using bioinformatics tools and were validated through western blotting and luciferase reporter assays. Pancreatic cancer cell lines and tissues were found to express lower levels of miR-190b compared with normal cells and adjacent non-tumor tissues. Furthermore, high expression of miR-190b was found to be positively correlated with low T, N and American Joint Committee on Cancer classifications, and predicted a good prognosis. miR-190b was shown to exert suppressive effects on cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. In addition, it was also found that miR-190b directly targeted myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) and transcription factor 4 (TCF4) in pancreatic cancer, thus serving as a tumor suppressor and a predictor of good prognosis in pancreatic cancer. The immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR results indicated that the MEF2C and TCF4 expression levels were negatively correlated with the miR-190b expression levels. The findings of the present study highlight the value of miR-190b as a novel target candidate for pancreatic cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Stem Cell and Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Science of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xianghong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Construction of a lncRNA/pseudogene-hsa-miR-30d-5p-GJA1 regulatory network related to metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Genomics 2021; 113:1742-1753. [PMID: 33839271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, the most lethal malignant tumor, is notorious for its poor prognosis and metastatic potential. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are reported to play key roles in cancer metastasis. In this study, miRNA and gene expression profiles between metastatic pancreatic cancer cell M8 and its parental cell BxPC.3 were determined. Using differential expression analysis, survival analysis, target gene prediction, pathway enrichment analysis, intersection analysis and correlation analysis, hsa-miR-30d-5p/GJA1 axis was identified as the most potential pathway involved in metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Subsequently, two upstream lncRNAs (HELLPAR and OIP-AS1) and four upstream pseudogenes (AC093616.1, AC009951.1, TMEM183B and PABPC1P4) of hsa-miR-30d-5p/GJA1 axis were predicted and were then identified via assessment of RNA-RNA expression relationship. Furthermore, CTNNA1, CTNNB1 and CTNND1 were regarded as three crucial molecules to be participated in hsa-miR-30d-5p/GJA1-mediated metastatic potential in pancreatic cancer. In conclusion, we established a novel lncRNA/pseudogene-hsa-miR-30d-5p-GJA1 regulatory network linked to metastasis of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang W, Xu Z, Wang N, Yao R, Qin T, Lin H, Yue L. Prognostic value of eight immune gene signatures in pancreatic cancer patients. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:42. [PMID: 33546693 PMCID: PMC7863419 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract, and it has a poor prognosis. Traditional methods are not effective to accurately assess the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. Immunotherapy is a new promising approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer; however, some patients do not respond well to immunotherapy, which may be related to tumor microenvironment regulation. In this study, we use gene expression database to mine important immune genes and establish a prognostic prediction model for pancreatic cancer patients. We hope to provide a feasible method to evaluate the prognosis of pancreatic cancer and provide valuable targets for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy. RESULTS We used univariate COX proportional hazard regression analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and multivariate COX regression analysis to screen 8 genes related to prognosis from the 314 immune-related genes, and used them to construct a new clinical prediction model in the TCGA pancreatic cancer cohort. Subsequently, we evaluated the prognostic value of the model. The Kaplan-Meier cumulative curve showed that patients with low risk scores survived significantly longer than patients with high risk scores. The area under the ROC curve (AUC value) of the risk score was 0.755. The univariate COX analysis showed that the risk score was significantly related to overall survival (HR 1.406, 95% CI 1.237-1.598, P < 0.001), and multivariate analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor (HR 1.400, 95% CI 1.287-1.522, P < 0.001). Correlation analysis found that immune genes are closely related to tumor immune microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Based on the TCGA-PAAD cohort, we identified immune-related markers with independent prognostic significance, validated, and analyzed their biological functions, to provide a feasible method for the prognosis of pancreatic cancer and provide potentially valuable targets for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Qin
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Lin
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yue
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Taniguchi N, Ohkawa Y, Maeda K, Harada Y, Nagae M, Kizuka Y, Ihara H, Ikeda Y. True significance of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases GnT-III, V and α1,6 fucosyltransferase in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 79:100905. [PMID: 33010941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that numerous cancer-related changes occur in glycans that are attached to glycoproteins, glycolipids and proteoglycans on the cell surface and these changes in structure and the expression of the glycans are largely regulated by glycosyl-transferases, glycosidases, nucleotide sugars and their related genes. Such structural changes in glycans on cell surface proteins may accelerate the progression, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Among the over 200 known glycosyltransferases and related genes, β 1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) (the MGAT5 gene) and α 1,6 fucosyltransferase (FUT8) (the FUT8 gene) are representative enzymes in this respect because changes in glycans caused by these genes appear to be related to cancer metastasis and invasion in vitro as well as in vivo, and a number of reports on these genes in related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have also appeared. Another enzyme, one of the N-glycan branching enzymes, β1,4 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) (the MGAT3 gene) has been reported to suppress EMT. However, there are intermediate states between EMT and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) and some of these genes have been implicated in both EMT and MET and are also probably in an intermediate state. Therefore, it would be difficult to clearly define which specific glycosyltransferase is involved in EMT or MET or an intermediate state. The significance of EMT and N-glycan branching glycosyltransferases needs to be reconsidered and the inhibition of their corresponding genes would also be desirable in therapeutics. This review mainly focuses on GnT-III, GnT-V and FUT8, major players as N-glycan branching enzymes in cancer in relation to EMT programs, and also discusses the catalytic mechanisms of GnT-V and FUT8 whose crystal structures have now been obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ohkawa
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kento Maeda
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yoichiro Harada
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Nagae
- Department of Molecular Immunology, RIMD, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Glyco-biochemistry Laboratory, G-Chain, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Ihara
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khatri I, Bhasin MK. A Transcriptomics-Based Meta-Analysis Combined With Machine Learning Identifies a Secretory Biomarker Panel for Diagnosis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:572284. [PMID: 33133160 PMCID: PMC7511758 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.572284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is generally incurable due to the late diagnosis and absence of markers that are concordant with expression in several sample sources (i.e., tissue, blood, plasma) and platforms (i.e., Microarray, sequencing). We optimized meta-analysis of 19 PDAC (tissue and blood) transcriptome studies from multiple platforms. The key biomarkers for PDAC diagnosis with secretory potential were identified and validated in different cohorts. Machine learning approach i.e., support vector machine supported by leave-one-out cross-validation was used to build and test the classifier. We identified a 9-gene panel (IFI27, ITGB5, CTSD, EFNA4, GGH, PLBD1, HTATIP2, IL1R2, CTSA) that achieved ∼0.92 average sensitivity and ∼0.90 average specificity in distinguishing PDAC from healthy samples in five training sets using cross-validation. These markers were also validated in proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics studies suggesting their prognostic role in the diagnosis of PDAC. Our 9-gene classifier can not only clearly discriminate between better and poor survivors but can also precisely discriminate PDAC from chronic pancreatitis (AUC = 0.95), early stages of progression [Stage I and II (AUC = 0.82), IPMA and IPMN (AUC = 1), and IPMC (AUC = 0.81)]. The 9-gene marker outperformed the previously known markers in blood studies particularly (AUC = 0.84). The discrimination of PDAC from early precursor lesions in non-malignant tissue (AUC > 0.81) and peripheral blood (AUC > 0.80) may assist in an early diagnosis of PDAC in blood samples and thus will also facilitate risk stratification upon validation in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Khatri
- Division of IMBIO, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Immunology and Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manoj K Bhasin
- Division of IMBIO, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kobayashi N, Oda T, Takizawa M, Ishizaki T, Tsukamoto N, Yokohama A, Takei H, Saitoh T, Shimizu H, Honma K, Kimura-Masuda K, Kuroda Y, Ishihara R, Murakami Y, Murakami H, Handa H. Integrin α7 and Extracellular Matrix Laminin 211 Interaction Promotes Proliferation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells and Is Associated with Granulocytic Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E363. [PMID: 32033262 PMCID: PMC7072541 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is characterized by poor prognosis; however, its underlying mechanism is unclear. Bone marrow samples from 64 AML patients (9 with GS and 55 without GS) together with AML cell lines PL21, THP1, HL60, Kasumi-1, and KG-1 were used to elucidate the pathology of AML with GS. RNA-Seq analyses were performed on samples from seven AML patients with or without GS. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed significantly upregulated candidates on the cell surface of the GS group. Expression of the adhesion integrin α7 (ITGA7) was significantly higher in the GS group, as seen by RT-qPCR (p = 0.00188) and immunohistochemistry of bone marrow formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens. Flow cytometry revealed enhanced proliferation of PL21 and THP1 cells containing surface ITGA7 in the presence of laminin 211 and stimulated ERK phosphorylation; this effect was abrogated following ITGA7 knockdown or ERK inhibition. Overall, high ITGA7 expression was associated with poor patient survival (p = 0.0477). In summary, ITGA7 is highly expressed in AML with GS, and its ligand (laminin 211) stimulates cell proliferation through ERK signaling. This is the first study demonstrating the role of integrin α7 and extracellular matrix interactions in AML cell proliferation and extramedullary disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Kobayashi
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (N.K.); (M.T.); (T.I.); (H.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Tsukasa Oda
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan;
| | - Makiko Takizawa
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (N.K.); (M.T.); (T.I.); (H.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Takuma Ishizaki
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (N.K.); (M.T.); (T.I.); (H.T.); (H.S.)
| | | | - Akihiko Yokohama
- Blood Transfusion Service, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan;
| | - Hisashi Takei
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (N.K.); (M.T.); (T.I.); (H.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Takayuki Saitoh
- Graduate school of Health Science, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.H.); (K.K.-M.); (Y.K.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (N.K.); (M.T.); (T.I.); (H.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Kazuki Honma
- Graduate school of Health Science, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.H.); (K.K.-M.); (Y.K.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Kei Kimura-Masuda
- Graduate school of Health Science, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.H.); (K.K.-M.); (Y.K.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Yuko Kuroda
- Graduate school of Health Science, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.H.); (K.K.-M.); (Y.K.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Rei Ishihara
- Graduate school of Health Science, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.H.); (K.K.-M.); (Y.K.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Graduate school of Health Science, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.H.); (K.K.-M.); (Y.K.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Graduate school of Health Science, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.H.); (K.K.-M.); (Y.K.); (R.I.); (Y.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (N.K.); (M.T.); (T.I.); (H.T.); (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bai X, Gao C, Zhang L, Yang S. Integrin α7 high expression correlates with deteriorative tumor features and worse overall survival, and its knockdown inhibits cell proliferation and invasion but increases apoptosis in breast cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22979. [PMID: 31325216 PMCID: PMC6805256 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the correlation of integrin α7 (ITGA7) expression with clinical/pathological characteristics and overall survival (OS), and its knockdown on inhibiting cell activities in breast cancer. Methods A total of 191 breast cancer patients underwent surgery were retrospectively reviewed, and ITGA7 expression in tumor tissues was determined by immunofluorescence and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Patients’ clinical/pathological data were recorded, and OS was calculated. In vitro, control shRNA and ITGA7 shRNA plasmids were transfected into MCF7 cells to evaluate the influence of ITGA7 knockdown on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. Results Ninety‐two (48.2%) patients presented with ITGA7 high expression, and 99 patients (51.8%) presented with ITGA7 low expression. ITGA7 expression was positively correlated with T stage, tumor‐node metastasis (TNM) stage, and pathological grade. Kaplan‐Meier curves showed that ITGA7 high expression was associated with shorter OS, and multivariate Cox's proportional hazards regression displayed that ITGA7 high expression was an independent predictive factor for poor OS. Moreover, in vitro experiments disclosed that cell proliferation (by Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay) and cell invasion (by Matrigel invasion assay) were reduced, while cell apoptosis rate (by Annexin V/propidium iodide assay) was enhanced by ITGA7 knockdown in MCF‐7 cells. Conclusion Integrin α7 high expression correlates with increased T stage, TNM stage, and pathological grade as well as worse OS, and its knockdown enhances cell apoptosis but inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Bai
- Department of Breast Surgery, GanSu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, GanSu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Suisheng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, GanSu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Venkatesan T, Alaseem A, Chinnaiyan A, Dhandayuthapani S, Kanagasabai T, Alhazzani K, Dondapati P, Alobid S, Natarajan U, Schwartz R, Rathinavelu A. MDM2 Overexpression Modulates the Angiogenesis-Related Gene Expression Profile of Prostate Cancer Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7050041. [PMID: 29748481 PMCID: PMC5981265 DOI: 10.3390/cells7050041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2) amplification or overexpression has been found in many tumors with high metastatic and angiogenic ability. Our experiments were designed to explore the impact of MDM2 overexpression, specifically on the levels of angiogenesis-related genes, which can also play a major role in tumor propagation and increase its metastatic potential. In the present study, we have used the human angiogenesis RT2 profiler PCR array to compare the gene expression profile between LNCaP and LNCaP-MST (MDM2 transfected) prostate cancer cells, along with LNCaP-MST cells treated with Nutlin-3, an MDM2 specific inhibitor. As a result of the overexpression of MDM2 gene in LNCaP-MST (10.3-fold), Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) were also found to be significantly up-regulated while genes such as Epiregulin (EREG), Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) were down-regulated. Also, we determined the total MMP activity and MMP9 expression in LNCaP, LNCaP-MST and SJSA-1 cells. Our results indicated that MDM2 level is positively correlated with MMP activity and MMP9 secretion. Our findings offer strong supporting evidence that MDM2 can impact growth and metastatic potential of cancer cells through tilting the balance towards pro-angiogenic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiagarajan Venkatesan
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
| | - Ali Alaseem
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aiyavu Chinnaiyan
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Biochemistry, Rajah Serfoji Government College, Thanjavur, TN 613005, India.
| | - Sivanesan Dhandayuthapani
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
| | - Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
| | - Khalid Alhazzani
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Priya Dondapati
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
| | - Saad Alobid
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Ruben Schwartz
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
| | - Appu Rathinavelu
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cyr61-positive cancer stem-like cells enhances distal metastases of pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73160-73170. [PMID: 27705906 PMCID: PMC5341970 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient inhibition of tumor metastasis after resection of primary tumors is critical for cancer therapy. We have recently shown that Cyr61 promotes growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) through PI3k/Akt signaling-enhanced nuclear exclusion of p27. Here, we report that administration of adeno-associated viral vectors carrying a short-hairpin interfering RNA (shRNA) for Cyr61 via pancreatic duct significantly decreased the distal tumor metastases after resection of primary pancreatic tumor in mice. Moreover, Cyr61 depletion in PDAC cells significantly inhibited the tumor sphere formation in vitro, significantly decreased the growth of the subcutaneously transplanted tumor, and significantly decreased the incidence of tumor formation after serial adoptive transplantation into NOD/SCID mice. Finally, higher Cyr61 levels were detected in the PDAC specimens from the patients with distal tumor metastasis, compared to PDAC without metastasis at diagnosis. Together, our study suggests that suppression of Cyr61 in cancer stem cell-like cells in PDAC may inhibit tumor cell metastasis after resection of the primary tumor.
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu L, Dai W, Li J, He L, Wang F, Xia Y, Chen K, Li S, Liu T, Lu J, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Guo C. Methylation-regulated miR-124-1 suppresses tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting CASC3. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26027-41. [PMID: 27029030 PMCID: PMC5041962 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the roles and mechanisms of miR-124-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We analyzed the expression of miR-124-1 in human HCC tissues and cell lines. Luciferase reporter assays were used to analyze the target of miR-124-1. Human HCC cell lines were transduced with lentiviruses expressing miR-124-1, and proliferation and colony formation were analyzed. The growth of human HCC cells overexpressing miR-124-1 was assessed in nude mice. The expression of p38-MAPK, JNK, ERK and related signaling molecules was detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that miR-124-1 levels were reduced in HCC tissues and cell lines compared with those in adjacent non-cancer tissues and normal liver cell lines respectively. Downregulation of miR-124-1 in HCC cell lines were attributed to hypermethylation of its promoter region. Overexpression of miR-124-1 inhibited HCC cell proliferation in vitro, whereas miR-124-1 was correlated with clinicopathological parameters of HCC patients. HCC cell-mediated overexpression of miR-124-1 in nude mice suppressed tumor growth. Cancer susceptibility candidate 3 (CASC3) was identified as a direct target of miR-124-1 by computational analysis and experimental assays. MiR-124-1-mediated downregulation of CASC3 resulted in the inactivation of p38-MAPK, JNK and ERK. Our findings provide potential new targets for the prevention or treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - JingJing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yujing Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Low HB, Png CW, Li C, Wang DY, Wong SBJ, Zhang Y. Monocyte-derived factors including PLA2G7 induced by macrophage-nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell interaction promote tumor cell invasiveness. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55473-55490. [PMID: 27487154 PMCID: PMC5342430 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-keratinizing undifferentiated subtype of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy characterized by an intimate relationship between neoplastic cells and a non-neoplastic lymphoid component. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) foster tumor progression through production of soluble mediators that support proliferation, angiogenesis, survival and invasion of malignant cells. However, the role of macrophages in the progression of NPC remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the functional and phenotypic changes that occur to macrophages in macrophage-NPC cell co-culture systems, and how these changes influence tumor cells. We found that monocytes, including THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes, co-cultured with C666-1 NPC cells upregulate expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines at the early stages, followed by the induction of metastasis-related genes and interferon-stimulated genes at the later stage of coculture, indicating that TAMs are “educated” by NPC cells for cancer progression. Importantly, the induction of these factors from the TAMs was also found to enhance the migratory capabilities of the NPC cells. We have also identified one of these macrophage-derived factor, phospholipase A2 Group 7 (PLA2G7), to be important in regulating tumor cell migration and a novel tumor-promoting factor in NPC. Further studies to characterize the role of PLA2G7 in tumor metastasis may help determine its potential as a therapeutic target in NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Boon Low
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, The Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, The Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Chunwei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Soon Boon Justin Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, The Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, The Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shankar S, Faheem MM, Nayak D, Wani NA, Farooq S, Koul S, Goswami A, Rai R. Cyclodipeptide c(Orn-Pro) Conjugate with 4-Ethylpiperic Acid Abrogates Cancer Cell Metastasis through Modulating MDM2. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:164-175. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Shankar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi-201 002, India
| | | | - Debasis Nayak
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi-201 002, India
| | | | | | | | - Anindya Goswami
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi-201 002, India
| | - Rajkishor Rai
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi-201 002, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen Y, Wang DD, Wu YP, Su D, Zhou TY, Gai RH, Fu YY, Zheng L, He QJ, Zhu H, Yang B. MDM2 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1192-1201. [PMID: 28817834 PMCID: PMC5674096 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metastasis accounts for the most lethal reason for the death of ovarian cancer patients, but remains largely untreated. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical for the conversion of early-stage ovarian tumours into metastatic malignancies. Thus the exploration of the signalling pathways promoting EMT would open potential opportunities for the treatment of metastatic ovarian cancer. Herein, the putative role of MDM2 in regulating EMT and metastasis of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells was investigated. Methods: The regulatory effects by MDM2 on cell motility was emulated by wound-healing and transwell assays. The effects on EMT transition and Smad pathway were studied by depicting the expression levels of epithelial marker E-cadherin as well as key components of Smad pathway. To evaluate the clinical relevance of our findings, the correlation of MDM2 expression levels with the stages of 104 ovarian cancer patients was investigated by immunohistochemistry assay. Results: We demonstrate that MDM2 functions as a key factor to drive EMT and motility of ovarian SKOV3 cells, by facilitating the activation of TGF-β-Smad pathway, which results in the increased transcription of snail/slug and the subsequent loss of E-cadherin levels. Such induction of EMT is sustained in either E3 ligase-depleted MDM2 or E3 ligase inhibitor HLI-373-treated cells, while being impaired by the N-terminal deletion of MDM2, which is also reflected by the inhibitory effects against EMT by Nutlin-3a, the N-terminal targeting agent. The expression levels of MDM2 is highly correlated with the stages of the ovarian cancer patients, and the higher expression of MDM2 together with TGFB are closely correlated with poor prognosis and predict a high risk of ovarian cancer patients. Conclusions: This study suggests that MDM2 activates Smad pathway to promote EMT in ovarian cancer metastasis, and targeting the N-terminal of MDM2 can reprogram EMT and impede the mobility of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology &Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology &Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ye-Ping Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology &Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan Su
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Tian-Yi Zhou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology &Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ren-Hua Gai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology &Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying-Ying Fu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology &Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology &Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiao-Jun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology &Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology &Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology &Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi H, Fang W, Liu M, Fu D. Complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein (C1QBP) in lipid rafts mediates hepatic metastasis of pancreatic cancer by regulating IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1389-1401. [PMID: 28608366 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer shows a remarkable predilection for hepatic metastasis. Complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein (C1QBP) can mediate growth factor-induced cancer cell chemotaxis and distant metastasis by activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Coincidentally, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) derived from the liver and cancer cells itself has been recognized as a critical inducer of hepatic metastasis. However, the mechanism underlying IGF-1-dependent hepatic metastasis of pancreatic cancer, in which C1QBP may be involved, remains unknown. In the study, we demonstrated a significant association between C1QBP expression and hepatic metastasis in patients with pancreatic cancer. IGF-1 induced the translocation of C1QBP from cytoplasm to lipid rafts and further drove the formation of CD44 variant 6 (CD44v6)/C1QBP complex in pancreatic cancer cells. C1QBP interacting with CD44v6 in lipid rafts promoted phosphorylation of IGF-1R and thus activated downstream PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways which mediated metastatic potential of pancreatic cancer cells including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, adhesion and energy metabolism. Furthermore, C1QBP knockdown suppressed hepatic metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells in nude mice. We therefore conclude that C1QBP in lipid rafts serves a key regulator of IGF-1/IGF-1R-induced hepatic metastasis from pancreatic cancer. Our findings about C1QBP in lipid rafts provide a novel strategy to block IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling in pancreatic cancer and a reliable premise for more efficient combined modality therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Winston Fang
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Minda Liu
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deliang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Takano S, Reichert M, Bakir B, Das KK, Nishida T, Miyazaki M, Heeg S, Collins MA, Marchand B, Hicks PD, Maitra A, Rustgi AK. Prrx1 isoform switching regulates pancreatic cancer invasion and metastatic colonization. Genes Dev 2016; 30:233-47. [PMID: 26773005 PMCID: PMC4719312 DOI: 10.1101/gad.263327.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Takano et al. describe novel roles for both isoforms of paired-related homeodomain transcription factor 1 (Prrx1) in the metastatic cascade using complementary in vitro and in vivo models. Prrx1b promotes invasion, tumor dedifferentiation, and EMT. In contrast, Prrx1a stimulates metastatic outgrowth in the liver, tumor differentiation, and MET. The two major isoforms of the paired-related homeodomain transcription factor 1 (Prrx1), Prrx1a and Prrx1b, are involved in pancreatic development, pancreatitis, and carcinogenesis, although the biological role that these isoforms serve in the systemic dissemination of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been investigated. An epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is believed to be important for primary tumor progression and dissemination, whereas a mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) appears crucial for metastatic colonization. Here, we describe novel roles for both isoforms in the metastatic cascade using complementary in vitro and in vivo models. Prrx1b promotes invasion, tumor dedifferentiation, and EMT. In contrast, Prrx1a stimulates metastatic outgrowth in the liver, tumor differentiation, and MET. We further demonstrate that the switch from Prrx1b to Prrx1a governs EMT plasticity in both mouse models of PDAC and human PDAC. Last, we identify hepatocyte growth factor ( HGF) as a novel transcriptional target of Prrx1b. Targeted therapy of HGF in combination with gemcitabine in a preclinical model of PDAC reduces primary tumor volume and eliminates metastatic disease. Overall, we provide new insights into the isoform-specific roles of Prrx1a and Prrx1b in primary PDAC formation, dissemination, and metastatic colonization, allowing for novel therapeutic strategies targeting EMT plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigetsugu Takano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; II. Medizinische Klinik, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Basil Bakir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Koushik K Das
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Takahiro Nishida
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaru Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Steffen Heeg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Department of Medicine II, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meredith A Collins
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Benoît Marchand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Philip D Hicks
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Ahmad bin Zayed Al Nahyan Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmad bin Zayed Al Nahyan Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shen Z, Chen X, Li Q, Zhou C, Li J, Ye H, Duan S. SSTR2 promoter hypermethylation is associated with the risk and progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in males. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11:10. [PMID: 26796520 PMCID: PMC4722764 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-016-0461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) encodes somatostatin receptor that can inhibit the cell proliferation of solid tumors. Promoter hypermethylation is likely to silence the expression of SSTR2. The goal of our study was to investigate the association between SSTR2 promoter methylation and the risk and progression of laryngeal carcinoma. Methods In the current study, tumor tissues and their adjacent non-tumor tissues were collected from a total of 87 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) male patients. DNA methylation levels of nine SSTR2 promoter CpGs were measured using the bisulphite pyrosequencing technology. Results Our results revealed that there was a significantly increased SSTR2 promoter methylation in LSCC tissues than in their adjacent non-cancerous tissues (adjusted P = 0.003). Breakdown analysis by age indicated that the significant association was mainly contributed by patients younger than 60 (adjusted P = 0.039) but not in patients older than 60. Meanwhile, the significant association was observed in the patients with moderately (adjusted P = 0.037) and well differentiated tissues (adjusted P = 0.028), as well as the patients with histological stage IV (adjusted P = 0.031). Multivariate Cox analysis suggested that SSTR2 promoter methylation was an independent prognostic factor of LSCC (HR = 1.127, 95 % CI = 1.034–1.228). Conclusions In conclusion, SSTR2 promoter hypermethylation might be associated with the risk and progression of LSCC in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (Head and Neck Surgery), Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, China.
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (Head and Neck Surgery), Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Chongchang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (Head and Neck Surgery), Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Jinyun Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Huadan Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Process of hepatic metastasis from pancreatic cancer: biology with clinical significance. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:1137-61. [PMID: 26250876 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer shows a remarkable preference for the liver to establish secondary tumors. Selective metastasis to the liver is attributed to the development of potential microenvironment for the survival of pancreatic cancer cells. This review aims to provide a full understanding of the hepatic metastatic process from circulating pancreatic cancer cells to their settlement in the liver, serving as a basic theory for efficient prediction and treatment of metastatic diseases. METHODS A systematic search of relevant original articles and reviews was performed on PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library for the purpose of this review. RESULTS Three interrelated phases are delineated as the contributions of the interaction between pancreatic cancer cells and the liver to hepatic metastasis process. Chemotaxis of disseminated pancreatic cancer cells and simultaneous defensive formation of platelets or neutrophils facilitate specific metastasis toward the liver. Remodeling of extracellular matrix and stromal cells in hepatic lobules and angiogenesis induced by proangiogenic factors support the survival and growth of clinical micrometastasis colonizing the liver. The bimodal role of the immune system or prevalence of cancer cells over the immune system makes metastatic progression successfully proceed from micrometastasis to macrometastasis. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic cancer is an appropriate research object of cancer metastasis representing more than a straight cascade. If any of the successive or simultaneous phases, especially tumor-induced immunosuppression, is totally disrupted, hepatic metastasis will be temporarily under control or even cancelled forever. To shrink cancers on multiple fronts and prolong survival for patients, novel oral or intravenous anti-cancer agents covering one or different phases of metastatic pancreatic cancer are expected to be integrated into innovative strategies on the premise of safety and efficacious biostability.
Collapse
|
20
|
Soares HP, Ming M, Mellon M, Young SH, Han L, Sinnet-Smith J, Rozengurt E. Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitors Induce Rapid Overactivation of the MEK/ERK Pathway in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells through Suppression of mTORC2. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1014-23. [PMID: 25673820 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which is aberrantly stimulated in many cancer cells, has emerged as a target for therapy. However, mTORC1/S6K also mediates negative feedback loops that attenuate upstream signaling. Suppression of these feedback loops opposes the growth-suppressive effects of mTOR inhibitors and leads to drug resistance. Here, we demonstrate that treatment of PANC-1 or MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells with the dual PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor (PI3K/TOR-KI) BEZ235 blocked mTORC1/S6K activation (scored by S6 phosphorylation at Ser(240/244)), mTORC1/4E-BP1 (assayed by 4E-BP1 phosphorylation at Thr(37/46)), and mTORC2-mediated AKT phosphorylation at Ser(473), in a concentration-dependent manner. Strikingly, BEZ235 markedly enhanced the MEK/ERK pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal ERK overactivation coincided with complete inhibition of phosphorylation of AKT and 4E-BP1. ERK overactivation was induced by other PI3K/TOR-KIs, including PKI-587 and GDC-0980. The MEK inhibitors U126 or PD0325901 prevented ERK overactivation induced by PI3K/TOR-KIs. The combination of BEZ235 and PD0325901 caused a more pronounced inhibition of cell growth than that produced by each inhibitor individually. Mechanistic studies assessing PI3K activity in single PDAC cells indicate that PI3K/TOR-KIs act through a PI3K-independent pathway. Doses of PI3K/TOR-KIs that enhanced MEK/ERK activation coincided with those that inhibited mTORC2-mediated AKT phosphorylation on Ser(473), suggesting a role of mTORC2. Knockdown of RICTOR via transfection of siRNA markedly attenuated the enhancing effect of BEZ235 on ERK phosphorylation. We propose that dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors suppress a novel negative feedback loop mediated by mTORC2, thereby leading to enhanced MEK/ERK pathway activity in pancreatic cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa P Soares
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ming Ming
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michelle Mellon
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven H Young
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California. CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Liang Han
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - James Sinnet-Smith
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California. CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California. CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shi W, Yin J, Chen Z, Chen H, Liu L, Meng Z. Cyr61 promotes growth of pancreatic carcinoma via nuclear exclusion of p27. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11147-51. [PMID: 25104090 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular regulation of the growth of pancreatic carcinoma (PCC) is complicated and not defined yet. Here we show that the cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61) levels were significantly higher in PCC than in the adjacent nontumor tissues from the same human patient. Overexpression of Cyr61 enhanced the proliferation of PCC cells, while inhibition of Cyr61 decreased the proliferation of PCC cells. Further analysis showed that Cyr61 seemed to activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) but not extracellular-related kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) signaling pathway in PCC cells, which subsequently induced nuclear exclusion of a major cell cycle inhibitor, p27, to increase cell proliferation. Taken together, these findings reveal the molecular basis underlying Cyr61-regulated PCC proliferation, suggest a potential role of Cyr61 in PCC growth, and highlight Cyr61 as a novel target for PCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Shi
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yao W, Ji S, Qin Y, Yang J, Xu J, Zhang B, Xu W, Liu J, Shi S, Liu L, Liu C, Long J, Ni Q, Li M, Yu X. Profilin-1 suppresses tumorigenicity in pancreatic cancer through regulation of the SIRT3-HIF1α axis. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:187. [PMID: 25103363 PMCID: PMC4249601 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor cells exhibit abnormal actin remodeling profiles, which involve the altered expressions of several important actin-binding proteins. Profilin1 (Pfn1), originally identified as an actin-associated protein, has been linked to several human malignancies. Our recent studies suggested that Pfn1 facilitates apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Here, we investigated the exact role of Profilin1 (Pfn1) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Pfn1 protein expression in PDAC specimens was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray (TMA) containing PDAC tumor tissue and corresponding normal tissue samples from 72 patients. The effect of Pfn1 expression on cancer proliferation was assessed in cells by up- and down-regulation of Pfn1 in vitro and in vivo. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were used to identify the Pfn1-associated proteins and potential pathways. Results Pfn1 was downregulated in clinical pancreatic adenocarcinoma specimens compared with the surrounding benign tissues. Univariate survival analysis of the PDAC cohorts showed that low expression of Pfn1 was significantly correlated with shortened patient survival (mean 14.2 months versus 20.9 months, P < 0.05). Restoration of Pfn1 in pancreatic cancer cells with low endogenous Pfn1 expression resulted in a nontumorigenic phenotype, suggesting that Pfn1 may be a negative regulator of pancreatic cancer progression. Overexpression of Pfn1 in vivo decreased the tumor volume in orthotopic xenograft nude mice models. Pfn1 upregulated the expression of SIRT3, leading to HIF1α destabilization. This data revealed that aberrant Pfn1 expression contributes to pancreatic cancer progression. Conclusions Our data suggest that Pfn1 is a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer that acts via a novel mechanism of regulating the SIRT3-HIF1α axis, independently of its cytoskeleton-related activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-187) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, P, R, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
López-Casas PP, López-Fernández LA. Gene-expression profiling in pancreatic cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 10:591-601. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
24
|
MDM2 promotes invasion and metastasis in invasive ductal breast carcinoma by inducing matrix metalloproteinase-9. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78794. [PMID: 24236052 PMCID: PMC3827260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that underpin invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC) invasion and metastasis are incompletely understood. The oncogene, mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous cancers, where it stimulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), an important enzyme in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. However, its role in breast cancer remains poorly understood. This study assessed the clinical significance of MDM2 expression in IDC and used in vitro expression assays to determine the molecular roles of MDM2. Immunohistochemical staining for MMP9 and MDM2 was performed using archived tumor blocks from 321 women who underwent surgical resection for IDC at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China between January 2002 and December 2003. MCF-7 and MDA-MD-231 cell lines were transfected with siRNA targeted against MDM2, or MDM2 was overexpressed using transiently expressed vectors. The invasion, cell migration and proteolytic capabilities of cells that over- or underexpressed MDM2 was then assessed and compared against control cells, in addition to the consequent effects on MMP9 expression using RT-PCR. In vivo, 54.9% and 49.6% of samples were positive for MMP9 and MDM2 expression, respectively, and their expression was significantly correlated (r2 = 0.171, P = 0.012). Moreover, MDM2 expression was markedly correlated with disease-free survival (HR 2.56, 95% CI 1.02–6.40, P = 0.038). In vitro, MDM2 overexpression significantly enhanced cell invasion, migration and proteolysis compared with control cells, and the converse effects were observed after MDM2-siRNA treatment. MDM2 overexpression induced MMP9 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that high levels of MDM2 are associated with a poorer prognosis in IDC. This might result from increased tumor invasiveness due to enhanced MMP9 expression causing increased extracellular matrix breakdown.
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang HT, Guo HF, Tan XD, Zhang J, Li HS, Yang YF, Wang ZP, Sun Y, Zhang XB. Involvement of plasminogen cascade proteins in the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:2258-2266. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i23.2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To discuss the potential role of plasminogen cascade proteins in the dissociation and subsequent invasion of pancreatic cancer cells.
METHODS: The expression of plasminogen, urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR) was detected by Western blot and immunocytochemistry in cell lines and by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples of pancreatic cancer. The correlation between expression of plasminogen cascade proteins and cell dissociation and invasion was analyzed.
RESULTS: Plasminogen, uPA and uPAR were strongly expressed in conditioned medium of dissociated pancreatic cancer cells (PC-1.0), but weakly expressed in conditioned medium of non-dissociated pancreatic cancer cells (PC-1). uPA treatment significantly induced the expression of plasminogen and uPAR in conditioned medium of non-dissociated pancreatic cancer cells (PC-1). Stronger expression of plasminogen and uPAR was observed at the invasive front end than at the center of human pancreatic cancer tissue. Plasmin treatment induced matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-7 and MMP-9 expression in PC-1 cells. Treatment with plasmin or uPA obviously induced invasiveness and dissociation of cell colonies in PC-1 cells.
CONCLUSION: The plasminogen cascade is involved in cell dissociation in the early stage of invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. The plasminogen cascade may be a potential molecular target for anti-invasion and anti-metastasis therapy for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang J, Wang P, Ouyang H, Yin J, Liu A, Ma C, Liu L. Targeting cancer-related inflammation: Chinese herbal medicine inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70334. [PMID: 23922983 PMCID: PMC3726638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an almost universally fatal disease resulting from early invasion of adjacent structures and metastasis and the lack of an effective treatment modality. Our previous studies have shown that Qingyihuaji Formula (QYHJ), a seven-herb Chinese medicine formula, had significant anti-cancer effects in pancreatic cancer. Here, we examined the effects of QYHJ on pancreatic cancer cell invasion and metastasis and the potential associated mechanism(s). We found that QYHJ inhibited both tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice with human pancreatic cancer cell xenografts. Further study indicated that QYHJ inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is characterized by increased E-cadherin expression and decreased vimentin, N-cadherin and Slug expression. Interleukin 6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by macrophages, could promote cancer cell EMT and invasion. In contrast, treatment with QYHJ inhibited cancer-related inflammation in tumors by decreasing infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages and IL-6 production, thus preventing cell invasion and metastasis. These results suggested that the Chinese herbal medicine QYHJ could inhibit pancreatic cancer cell invasion and metastasis in part by reversing tumor-supporting inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqiang Ouyang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunzheng Ma
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (CM)
| | - Luming Liu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (CM)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Eguchi D, Ohuchida K, Kozono S, Ikenaga N, Shindo K, Cui L, Fujiwara K, Akagawa S, Ohtsuka T, Takahata S, Tokunaga S, Mizumoto K, Tanaka M. MAL2 expression predicts distant metastasis and short survival in pancreatic cancer. Surgery 2013; 154:573-82. [PMID: 23876361 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is associated with a devastating prognosis, partially because of its aggressive metastatic ability. Identification of prognostic markers of metastasis would be useful in the clinical management of postoperative patients with pancreatic cancer. Mal, T-cell differentiation protein 2 (MAL2) has been identified as a molecule predictive of metastases; the clinical relevance of MAL2 in pancreatic cancer is unknown. METHODS Orthotopic human pancreatic cancer xenografts from the pancreatic cancer cell line SUIT-2 were established in nude mice. Only liver metastasis was harvested and cultured. These metastatic cycles were repeated 5 times to establish a highly metastatic cell line, termed metastatic SUIT-2 (MS). We investigated proliferation and motility of MS cells compared with those of the parent SUIT-2. Microarray analysis was performed to investigate differences in gene expression. We also performed immunohistochemical analysis of 89 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human pancreatic cancer tissue samples to investigate the clinical significance of MAL2 expression. RESULTS MS cells showed a greater metastatic rate after orthotopic implantation than parental SUIT-2. MS cells had increased motility but decreased proliferation compared with parental SUIT-2. Microarray analyses showed that 26 genes were significantly upregulated (>10-fold) in MS cells compared with parental SUIT-2, particularly MAL2 expression. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that high expression of MAL2 was associated with a lesser survival of postoperative patients (P = .03) and a high rate of distant metastasis (P = .008). CONCLUSION We characterized a newly established pancreatic cancer cell line with highly metastatic potential. MAL2 is a promising predictive marker for distant metastasis and short survival in patients with resected pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cavin-1 is essential for the tumor-promoting effect of caveolin-1 and enhances its prognostic potency in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2013; 33:2728-36. [PMID: 23770857 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 exhibits a stage-dependent, functional fluctuation during pancreatic cancer development, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that cavin-1, a structural protein of caveolae, modulates the oncogenic function of caveolin-1 and cooperates with caveolin-1 to enhance pancreatic cancer aggressiveness. Cavin-1 expression is associated with caveolin-1 in pancreatic cancer tissue samples and cell lines, and predicts the metastatic potential of pancreatic cancer. Interactome analyses further revealed the physical interaction of cavin-1 and caveolin-1 and their colocalization in pancreatic cancer cells. Cavin-1 stabilizes caveolin-1 expression or activity by inhibiting its internalization and subsequent lysosomal degradation. More in-depth functional experiments showed that caveolin-1-enhanced aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer cells is dependent on the presence of cavin-1. In contrast, cavin-1 depletion inhibited the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells, which could not be restored by caveolin-1-rescue construct. Tissue microarray analyses in two independent clinic cohorts also supported the augment of cavin-1 on the prognostic potency of caveolin-1, and showed that combination of cavin-1 with caveolin-1 predicted worse survival in pancreatic cancer patients. Of note, the phenotypes because of cavin-1 could not be achieved by other cavins such as cavin-2, and the tumor-promoting role of cavin-1 in pancreatic cancer was found to be largely dependent on caveolin-1 expression, which highlights the critical role of cavin-1/caveoin-1 in pancreatic cancer progression, and suggests that the interruption of cavin-1/caveolin-1 interaction is a promising therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
29
|
eEF1A2 promotes cell migration, invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer by upregulating MMP-9 expression through Akt activation. Clin Exp Metastasis 2013; 30:933-44. [PMID: 23739844 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-013-9593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
eEF1A2 is a protein translation factor involved in protein synthesis that is overexpressed in various cancers, with important functions in tumor genesis and progression. We have previously showed that the ectopic expression of eEF1A2 is correlated with lymph node metastasis and perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we investigated the functional role of eEF1A2 in the regulation of cell migration, invasion, and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we investigated the potential molecular mechanisms involved. By evaluating the invasive ability of a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines with different metastatic potentials, eEF1A2 expression in cells was positively associated with their invasive ability. The knockdown of eEF1A2 by siRNA decreased the migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells. By contrast, the ectopic expression of exogenous eEF1A2 significantly promoted the migration and invasion of SW1990 cells. Stable eEF1A2 overexpression in a nude mouse model of peritoneal metastasis likewise dramatically enhanced the intraperitoneal metastatic ability of SW1990 cells. In addition, eEF1A2 overexpression could upregulate MMP-9 expression and activity. A significant positive correlation between the overexpression of both eEF1A2 and MMP-9 was observed in pancreatic cancer tissues. The inhibition of MMP-9 activity reduced the promoting effect of eEF1A2 on cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, eEF1A2-mediated cell migration and invasion, as well as MMP-9 expression and upregulation, were largely dependent on the eEF1A2-induced Akt activation. The findings suggested the potentially important role of eEF1A2 in pancreatic cancer migration, invasion, and metastasis. Thus, the results provide evidence of eEF1A2 as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of aggressive pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
30
|
Methylation-mediated silencing of the miR-124 genes facilitates pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis by targeting Rac1. Oncogene 2013; 33:514-24. [PMID: 23334332 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that microRNA (miRNA) expression is altered in human cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying these changes in miRNA expression remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the epigenetic modification of miR-124 genes and the potential function of miR-124 in pancreatic cancer. Using pyrosequencing analysis, we found that miR-124 genes (including miR-124-1, miR-124-2 and miR-124-3) are highly methylated in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with in non-cancerous tissues. Hypermethylation mediated the silencing of miR-124, which was a frequent event in pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Furthermore, miR-124 downregulation was significantly associated with worse survival of PDAC patients. Functional studies showed that miR-124 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, we characterized Rac1 as a direct target of miR-124, and miR-124 interacted with the 3'-untranslated region of Rac1, which we showed to be a putative tumor promoter in pancreatic cancer. Thus, the miR-124-mediated downregulation of Rac1 led to the inactivation of the MKK4-JNK-c-Jun pathway. Therefore, our study demonstrates that miR-124 is a tumor suppressor miRNA that is epigenetically silenced in pancreatic cancer. Our findings suggest a previously unidentified molecular mechanism involved in the progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
31
|
Luo G, Long J, Cui X, Xiao Z, Liu Z, Shi S, Liu L, Liu C, Xu J, Li M, Yu X. Highly lymphatic metastatic pancreatic cancer cells possess stem cell-like properties. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:979-84. [PMID: 23338123 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are thought to be the origin of tumor metastasis. However, evidence of cancer stem cells as the source of lymphatic metastasis in pancreatic cancer is not clear. In this study, we examined the stem cell-like properties of the highly lymphatic metastatic pancreatic cancer cells BxPC-3-LN. Compared with the parental BxPC-3 cells, the BxPC-3-LN cells showed stem cell-like properties, including high lymphatic metastasis potential, self-renewal ability and chemoresistance. In addition, the BxPC-3-LN cells also expressed higher levels of sonic hedgehog and migrating cancer stem cell surface markers (CD133 and CXCR4) compared to the parental BxPC-3 cells. The growth of BxPC-3-LN cells was significantly inhibited by gemcitabine combined with the sonic hedgehog inhibitor cyclopamine. The BxPC-3-LN cells expressed lower levels of let-7, miR-34, miR-107, miR-125, miR-128, miR-130, miR-132 and miR-141 than the parental BxPC-3 cells detected by microRNA PCR array, which were reported to have close relation to stem cell factors. This study provides evidence that cancer stem cells are the major sources of pancreatic cancer lymphatic metastasis, and microRNAs may regulate lymphatic metastasis in pancreatic cancer through modulating cancer stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Long J, Luo G, Liu C, Cui X, Satoh K, Xiao Z, Zhang B, Xu J, Ni Q, Li M, Yu X. Development of a unique mouse model for pancreatic cancer lymphatic metastasis. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:1662-8. [PMID: 22941445 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis of pancreatic cancer is a predictor of poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown, thus, making the development of appropriate cell lines and experimental models critically important for future investigations. The purpose of the present study was to establish a 'pancreatic cancer cell and mouse model with high lymphatic metastasis potential' for in-depth study of the underlying mechanisms. The BxPC-3-LN subline, derived from the BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cell line, was established through serial passages in nude mice via footpad injections. The subline was able to develop notable lymphatic metastases in 100% of the recipient mice 8 weeks after tumor cell implantation. Compared with the parental BxPC-3 cells, BxPC-3-LN cells were more aggressive, displaying invasive ultrastructure, increased migration and invasion ability, and chemoresistance. Metastasis-related gene alteration including upregulation of MMP14, MMP24, MIF and ADRM1, and downregulation of TGFB2 and ROBO1 were also observed in BxPC-3-LN cells by cDNA microarrays. Thus, the newly selected BxPC-3-LN subline can serve as a unique model for further study of lymphatic metastasis of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Long
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Van den Broeck A, Vankelecom H, Van Eijsden R, Govaere O, Topal B. Molecular markers associated with outcome and metastasis in human pancreatic cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2012; 31:68. [PMID: 22925330 PMCID: PMC3511800 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-31-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a heterogeneous cancer in which differences in survival rates might be related to a variety in gene expression profiles. Although the molecular biology of PDAC begins to be revealed, genes or pathways that specifically drive tumour progression or metastasis are not well understood. Methods We performed microarray analyses on whole-tumour samples of 2 human PDAC subpopulations with similar clinicopathological features, but extremely distinct survival rates after potentially curative surgery, i.e. good outcome (OS and DFS > 50 months, n = 7) versus bad outcome (OS < 19 months and DFS < 7 months, n = 10). Additionally, liver- and peritoneal metastases were analysed and compared to primary cancer tissue (n = 11). Results The integrin and ephrin receptor families were upregulated in all PDAC samples, irrespective of outcome, supporting an important role of the interaction between pancreatic cancer cells and the surrounding desmoplastic reaction in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Moreover, some components such as ITGB1 and EPHA2 were upregulated in PDAC samples with a poor outcome, Additionally, overexpression of the non-canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and EMT genes in PDAC samples with bad versus good outcome suggests their contribution to the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer, with β-catenin being also highly upregulated in metastatic tissue. Conclusions Components of the integrin and ephrin pathways and EMT related genes, might serve as molecular markers in pancreatic cancer as their expression seems to be related with prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Van den Broeck
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
RNA interference against MDM2 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in pancreatic carcinoma SW1990HM cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 387:1-8. [PMID: 22200978 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, the mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) was identified as one of the leading genes that promote the metastasis of pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the mechanism by which MDM2 promotes metastasis of PC is not understood. In this study, we show that down-regulation of MDM2 through lentivirus-mediated RNA interference could also suppress in vitro proliferation and in vivo tumor growth, and led to an obvious inhibition of both in vitro invasion and in vivo live metastases of SW1990HM cells which had an over-expression of MDM2 and a higher metastatic potential. Moreover, we also show that the down-regulation of MDM2 induced a significant decrease in MMP9, Ki-67 and increase in P53, E-Cadherin expression, and results in an altered expression of genes involved in metastasis, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Our results suggest that MDM2 plays an important role in metastasis as well as tumor growth of PC. MDM2 could be a hopeful target for the control of PC.
Collapse
|
35
|
Matsumura N, Zembutsu H, Yamaguchi K, Sasaki K, Tsuruma T, Nishidate T, Denno R, Hirata K. Identification of novel molecular markers for detection of gastric cancer cells in the peripheral blood circulation using genome-wide microarray analysis. Exp Ther Med 2011; 2:705-713. [PMID: 22977563 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although metastasis or relapse is a leading cause of death for patients with gastric cancer, the hematogenous spread of cancer cells remains undetected at the time of initial therapy. The development of novel diagnostic molecular marker(s) to detect circulating gastric cancer cells is an issue of great clinical importance. We obtained peripheral blood samples from 10 patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparotomy and 4 healthy volunteers. Microarray analysis consisting of 30,000 genes or ESTs was carried out using eight gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosae. We selected 53 genes up-regulated in gastric cancer compared to normal gastric mucosae from our microarray data set, and, among these, identified five candidate marker genes (TSPAN8, EPCAM, MMP12, MMP7 and REG3A) which were not expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 4 healthy volunteers. We further carried out semi-quantitative nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for HRH1, EGFR, CK20 and CEA in addition to the five newly identified genes using PBMCs of patients with gastric cancer, and found that expression of one or more genes out of the nine was detected in 80% of the patients with gastric cancer. Moreover, the numbers of genes expressed in PBMCs were ≤2 and ≥2 in all vascular invasion-negative cases and in 5 of 6 positive cases, respectively, showing significant differences between the two groups (P=0.041). Nested RT-PCR analysis for the set of nine marker genes using PBMCs may provide the potential for detection of circulating gastric cancer cells prior to metastasis formation in other organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Matsumura
- First Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Hokkaido 060-0061, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Boutz DR, Collins PJ, Suresh U, Lu M, Ramírez CM, Fernández-Hernando C, Huang Y, Abreu RDS, Le SY, Shapiro BA, Liu AM, Luk JM, Aldred SF, Trinklein ND, Marcotte EM, Penalva LOF. Two-tiered approach identifies a network of cancer and liver disease-related genes regulated by miR-122. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:18066-78. [PMID: 21402708 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.196451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs function as important regulators of gene expression and are commonly linked to development, differentiation, and diseases such as cancer. To better understand their roles in various biological processes, identification of genes targeted by microRNAs is necessary. Although prediction tools have significantly helped with this task, experimental approaches are ultimately required for extensive target search and validation. We employed two independent yet complementary high throughput approaches to map a large set of mRNAs regulated by miR-122, a liver-specific microRNA implicated in regulation of fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, hepatitis C infection, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The combination of luciferase reporter-based screening and shotgun proteomics resulted in the identification of 260 proteins significantly down-regulated in response to miR-122 in at least one method, 113 of which contain predicted miR-122 target sites. These proteins are enriched for functions associated with the cell cycle, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Among these miR-122-sensitive proteins, we identified a large group with strong connections to liver metabolism, diseases, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Additional analyses, including examination of consensus binding motifs for both miR-122 and target sequences, provide further insight into miR-122 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Boutz
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dia VP, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Lunasin induces apoptosis and modifies the expression of genes associated with extracellular matrix and cell adhesion in human metastatic colon cancer cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:623-34. [PMID: 21462330 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Lunasin is an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) cancer preventive peptide. The objective was to evaluate the potential of lunasin to induce apoptosis in human colon cancer cells and their oxaliplatin-resistant (OxR) variants, and its effect on the expression of human extracellular matrix and adhesion genes. METHODS AND RESULTS Various human colon cancer cell lines which underwent metastasis were evaluated in vitro using cell flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Lunasin cytotoxicity to different colon cancer cells correlated with the expression of α(5) b(1) integrin, being most potent to KM12L4 cells (IC(50) = 13 μM). Lunasin arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase with concomitant increase in the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27. Lunasin (5-25 μM) activated the apoptotic mitochondrial pathway as evidenced by changes in the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, nuclear clusterin, cytochrome c and caspase-3 in KM12L4 and KM12L4-OxR. Lunasin increased the activity of initiator caspase-9 leading to the activation of caspase-3 and also modified the expression of human extracellular matrix and adhesion genes, downregulating integrin α(5), SELE, MMP10, integrin β(2) and COL6A1 by 5.01-, 6.53-, 7.71-, 8.19- and 10.10-fold, respectively, while upregulating COL12A1 by 11.61-fold. CONCLUSION Lunasin can be used in cases where resistance to chemotherapy developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vermont P Dia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shi W, Meng Z, Chen Z, Luo J, Liu L. Proteome analysis of human pancreatic cancer cell lines with highly liver metastatic potential by antibody microarray. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 347:117-25. [PMID: 20960035 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibody microarrays have been successfully used to determine relative abundance of key proteins in various cancers and other diseases. We have previously showed liver metastatic-related genes between the metastatic pancreatic cancer line (SW1990HM) and its parental line (SW1990). In this study, we searched for potential markers for metastatic progression using antibody microarrays. The SpringBio Antibody Microarrays were used to analysis the different proteomes between SW1990HM and SW1990 cells. A standard ≥2.0-fold cutoff value was used to determine differentially expressed proteins and Western blotting analysis further confirmed the results. Antibody microarrays revealed that 40 proteins were reproducibly altered more than 2-fold between the selected variant and its parental counterpart; 14 of the proteins were up-regulated, and 26 were down-regulated. Most of the up-regulated proteins (7/14) play a role in tumor signal transduction, while a number of down-regulated proteins (10/26) function in cell differentiation; this might be crucial for pancreatic cancer metastasis. Four dysregulated proteins were validated by western blotting in the cell lines. Interestingly, the up-regulation of Glucagon and down-regulation of Prolactin were further confirmed in the culture supernatants by western blotting. These proteomic data are valuable for understanding pancreatic cancer metastasis and searching for potential markers of metastatic progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kalinina T, Güngör C, Thieltges S, Möller-Krull M, Murga Penas EM, Wicklein D, Streichert T, Schumacher U, Kalinin V, Simon R, Otto B, Dierlamm J, Schwarzenbach H, Effenberger KE, Bockhorn M, Izbicki JR, Yekebas EF. Establishment and characterization of a new human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line with high metastatic potential to the lung. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:295. [PMID: 20553613 PMCID: PMC2927995 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is still associated with devastating prognosis. Real progress in treatment options has still not been achieved. Therefore new models are urgently needed to investigate this deadly disease. As a part of this process we have established and characterized a new human pancreatic cancer cell line. METHODS The newly established pancreatic cancer cell line PaCa 5061 was characterized for its morphology, growth rate, chromosomal analysis and mutational analysis of the K-ras, EGFR and p53 genes. Gene-amplification and RNA expression profiles were obtained using an Affymetrix microarray, and overexpression was validated by IHC analysis. Tumorigenicity and spontaneous metastasis formation of PaCa 5061 cells were analyzed in pfp-/-/rag2-/- mice. Sensitivity towards chemotherapy was analysed by MTT assay. RESULTS PaCa 5061 cells grew as an adhering monolayer with a doubling time ranging from 30 to 48 hours. M-FISH analyses showed a hypertriploid complex karyotype with multiple numerical and unbalanced structural aberrations. Numerous genes were overexpressed, some of which have previously been implicated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (GATA6, IGFBP3, IGFBP6), while others were detected for the first time (MEMO1, RIOK3). Specifically highly overexpressed genes (fold change > 10) were identified as EGFR, MUC4, CEACAM1, CEACAM5 and CEACAM6. Subcutaneous transplantation of PaCa 5061 into pfp-/-/rag2-/- mice resulted in formation of primary tumors and spontaneous lung metastasis. CONCLUSION The established PaCa 5061 cell line and its injection into pfp-/-/rag2-/- mice can be used as a new model for studying various aspects of the biology of human pancreatic cancer and potential treatment approaches for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Kalinina
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg, Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cenap Güngör
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg, Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Thieltges
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg, Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maren Möller-Krull
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg, Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Murga Penas
- Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center, University Hospital Hamburg, Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wicklein
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Hamburg, Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Streichert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Hamburg, Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav Kalinin
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg, Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Hamburg, Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Otto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Hamburg, Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Judith Dierlamm
- Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center, University Hospital Hamburg, Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heidi Schwarzenbach
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina E Effenberger
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg, Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bockhorn
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg, Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg, Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emre F Yekebas
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg, Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|