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Fat-Soluble Vitamin Deficiencies and Disruption of the Immune System in Pancreatic Cancer: A Vicious Cycle. Pancreas 2022; 51:923-929. [PMID: 36607936 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently an increasing contributor to cancer-related mortality. Despite advances in cancer treatment, PDAC survival rates have remained roughly unchanged over the years. Specifically, late diagnosis and insensitivity to currently available therapeutic regimens have been identified as the main causes for its poor survival. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is a typical complication associated with PDAC diagnosis and pancreatic surgery. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, a major contributor to maldigestion in PDAC, is often not treated because it remains undetected because of lack of overt signs and symptoms. In this review, we will focus on the major consequences of PEI, including the inadequacy of lipase excretion, which results in deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins. Because PDAC is known for its immune-high jacking mechanisms, we describe key features in which deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins may contribute to the aggressive biological behavior and immune evasion in PDAC. Because PEI has been shown to worsen survival rates in patients with PDAC, detecting PEI and the related fat-soluble vitamin deficits at the time of PDAC diagnosis is critical. Moreover, timely supplementation of pancreatic enzymes and fat-soluble vitamins may improve outcomes for PDAC patients.
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2
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Guo F, Cheng X, Jing B, Wu H, Jin X. FGD3 binds with HSF4 to suppress p65 expression and inhibit pancreatic cancer progression. Oncogene 2022; 41:838-851. [PMID: 34975151 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is regarded as the most lethal solid tumor worldwide. Deregulated and constitutively activated NF-κB signaling is one of the major characteristics of pancreatic cancer. The total expression level and subcellular localization of RelA/p65 have been shown to determine the activation of canonical NF-κB signaling in pancreatic cancer. FGD3, which is involved in regulating the actin cytoskeleton and cell shape, has been reported to inhibit cancer cell migration and predict a favorable prognosis in multiple types of cancer. However, the specific role of FGD3 in pancreatic cancer is still unknown. In this study, we conducted a systematic investigation of the cancer-related role of FGD3 in pancreatic cancer. We demonstrated that FGD3 was abnormally downregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and that low expression of FGD3 was associated with unfavorable prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Then, we showed that FGD3 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, we revealed that FGD3 silencing activated the NF-κB signaling pathway by promoting HSF4 nuclear translocation and increasing p65 expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, our results identified a novel and targetable FGD3/HSF4/p65 signaling axis in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Boping Jing
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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3
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Ding J, Li H, Liu Y, Xie Y, Yu J, Sun H, Xiao D, Zhou Y, Bao L, Wang H, Gao C. OXCT1 Enhances Gemcitabine Resistance Through NF-κB Pathway in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:698302. [PMID: 34804914 PMCID: PMC8602561 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.698302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a type of malignant tumor with a five-year survival rate of less than 10%. Gemcitabine (GEM) is the most commonly used drug for PDAC chemotherapy. However, a vast majority of patients with PDAC develop resistance after GEM treatment. Methods We screened for GEM resistance genes through bioinformatics analysis. We used immunohistochemistry to analyze 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 (OXCT1) expression in PDAC tissues. The survival data were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier curve. The expression levels of the genes related to OXCT1 and the NF-κB signaling pathway were quantified using real−time quantitative PCR and western blot analyses. We performed flow cytometry to detect the apoptosis rate. Colony formation assay was performed to measure the cell proliferation levels. The cytotoxicity assays of cells were conducted using RTCA. The downstream pathway of OXCT1 was identified via the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Tumor growth response to GEM in vivo was also determined in mouse models. Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed that OXCT1 is the key gene leading to GEM resistance. Patients with high OXCT1 expression exhibited short relapse-free survival under GEM treatment. OXCT1 overexpression in PDAC cell lines exerted inhibitory effect on apoptosis after GEM treatment. However, the down-regulation of OXCT1 showed the opposite effect. Blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway also reduced GEM resistance of PDAC cells. Tumor growth inhibition induced by GEM in vivo reduced after OXCT1 overexpression. Moreover, the effect of OXCT1 on GEM refractoriness in PDAC cell lines was reversed through using an NF-κB inhibitor. Conclusion OXCT1 promoted GEM resistance in PDAC via the NF-κB signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Our results suggest that OXCT1 could be used as a potential therapeutic target for patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Ding
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Xie
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Huizhi Sun
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yizhang Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Bao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuntao Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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4
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Silke J, O’Reilly LA. NF-κB and Pancreatic Cancer; Chapter and Verse. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4510. [PMID: 34572737 PMCID: PMC8469693 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the world's most lethal cancers. An increase in occurrence, coupled with, presently limited treatment options, necessitates the pursuit of new therapeutic approaches. Many human cancers, including PDAC are initiated by unresolved inflammation. The transcription factor NF-κB coordinates many signals that drive cellular activation and proliferation during immunity but also those involved in inflammation and autophagy which may instigate tumorigenesis. It is not surprising therefore, that activation of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways is increasingly recognized as an important driver of pancreatic injury, progression to tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Paradoxically, NF-κB dysregulation has also been shown to inhibit pancreatic inflammation and pancreatic cancer, depending on the context. A pro-oncogenic or pro-suppressive role for individual components of the NF-κB pathway appears to be cell type, microenvironment and even stage dependent. This review provides an outline of NF-κB signaling, focusing on the role of the various NF-κB family members in the evolving inflammatory PDAC microenvironment. Finally, we discuss pharmacological control of NF-κB to curb inflammation, focussing on novel anti-cancer agents which reinstate the process of cancer cell death, the Smac mimetics and their pre-clinical and early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Silke
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lorraine Ann O’Reilly
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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5
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High Expression of COL17A1 Predicts Poor Prognosis and Promotes the Tumor Progression via NF- κB Pathway in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:8868245. [PMID: 33381179 PMCID: PMC7758145 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8868245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
COL17A1 (collagen type XVII alpha 1 chain) is known to be upregulated and has a prognostic role in many malignancies, as well as contributing to cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. However, little knowledge is available on the expression and prognostic value of COL17A1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In our study, we searched the public database and found that mRNA and protein levels of COL17A1 are commonly upregulated in PDAC tissues. The immunohistochemical analysis conducted by us revealed enhanced expression of COL17A1 protein in 169 PDAC samples compared with that in 67 adjacent normal tissues. We also observed a significantly positive correlation between COL17A1 expression and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.0001), TNM clinical stage (p < 0.0001), and pathology differentiation (p < 0.01). The KM-plot results indicated that PDAC patients with a high COL17A1 expression have a poorer overall survival (p < 0.001) than those with a low COL17A1 expression. The result of the Cox regression analysis of multivariate data suggested COL17A1 is an independent prognostic indicator of PDAC patients' overall survival. CCK-8, wound healing, and transwell assays suggested that COL17A1 knockdown markedly inhibited tumor proliferation and invasion in PDAC cells, and cells with COL17A1 overexpression had a prominently higher proliferative and invasive capacity. Knockdown of COL17A1 significantly upregulated the apoptosis rate. We deduce that upregulated COL17A1 activated the NF-κB pathway in PDAC cells. In summary, our studies showed the prognostic value of COL17A1 in PDAC and that COL17A1 may act as a molecular therapeutic target for PDAC treatment.
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6
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Guo H, Liu F, Yang S, Xue T. Emodin alleviates gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer by inhibiting MDR1/P-glycoprotein and MRPs expression. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:167. [PMID: 32934734 PMCID: PMC7471752 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a gold standard chemotherapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer. However, gemcitabine has limited effectiveness due to the short-term development of chemoresistance. Emodin, a natural anthraquinone derivative isolated from the roots of rheumatic palm leaves prevents immunosuppression and exerts anticancer effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of emodin on gemcitabine resistance. Gemcitabine-resistant PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell xenografts were established in athymic mice, which were randomly assigned into four treatments groups as follows: Gemcitabine group, Emodin group, Gemcitabine+Emodin group and Negative control group. Body weight, tumor volume and tumor weight were measured over the course of treatment. The effect of each treatment on tumor tissue proliferation and apoptosis from nude mice was evaluated by using immunohistochemistry. The effect of each treatment on the proliferation of gemcitabine-resistant PANC-1 cells was also determined by using the Cell Counting Kit-8. Then, reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR and western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression, respectively, of multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) and the drug resistance-related proteins MRP1 and MRP5. The function and expression level of DR1 gene product, p-glycoprotein, was also analysed by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR, respectively. The results demonstrated that the combination of gemcitabine and emodin significantly reduced xenograft volume and reduced tumor growth in mice compared with treatment with gemcitabine or emodin only. In addition, emodin treatment reduced resistance to gemcitabine, which was characterized by the downregulation of P-glycoprotein, MRP1 and MRP5 expression in the group receiving combination treatment. The level of P-glycoprotein was also decreased in the group treated with gemcitabine+emodin compared with the single treatment groups. Taken together, these results demonstrated that emodin enhanced gemcitabine efficacy in tumor treatment and alleviated gemcitabine resistance in PANC-1 cell xenografts in mice via suppressing MDR1/P-glycoprotein and MRP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Shuguang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xue
- Department of Trauma Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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7
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Li Y, Kong R, Chen H, Zhao Z, Li L, Li J, Hu J, Zhang G, Pan S, Wang Y, Wang G, Chen H, Sun B. Overexpression of KLF5 is associated with poor survival and G1/S progression in pancreatic cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:5035-5057. [PMID: 31327760 PMCID: PMC6682527 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in surgical procedures and comprehensive therapies, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most aggressive and deadly human malignancies. It is therefore necessary to determine which cellular mediators associate with prognosis in pancreatic cancer so as to improve the treatment of this disease. In the present study, mRNA array and immunohistochemical analyses showed that KLF5 is highly expressed in tissue samples from three short-surviving patients with pancreatic cancer. Survival analysis using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas showed that patients highly expressing KLF5 exhibited shorter overall and tumor-free survival times. Mechanistically, KLF5 promoted expression of E2F1, cyclin D1 and Rad51, while inhibiting expression of p16 in pancreatic cancer cells. Finally, flow cytometric analyses verified that KLF5 promotes G1/S progression of the cell cycle in pancreatic cancer cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that KLF5 is an important prognostic biomarker in pancreatic cancer patients, and they shed light on the molecular mechanism by which KLF5 stimulates cell cycle progression in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Rui Kong
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongze Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiating Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jisheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guangquan Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
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8
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Norouzi P, Amini M, Dinarvand R, Arefian E, Seyedjafari E, Atyabi F. Co-delivery of gemcitabine prodrug along with anti NF-κB siRNA by tri-layer micelles can increase cytotoxicity, uptake and accumulation of the system in the cancers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111161. [PMID: 32806226 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Combination treatment based on gene and chemotherapy is a promising strategy for effective cancer treatment due to the limited therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. Dual functional polymeric micelles (PMs) have been emerged as potent nanocarriers for combinational cancer therapy. In the present study, the potential of tri-layer PMs loaded with anti-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) siRNA and 4-(N)-stearoyl gemcitabine (GemC18) has been investigated for cancer treatment. PMs with different core hydrophobicity were prepared by using poly(ε-caprolactone), polyethyleneimine and polyethylene glycol (PCL-PEI-PEG) copolymers and evaluated. The results revealed that GemC18-loaded PMs were significantly more cytotoxic than free drug on breast and pancreatic cancer cells. However, the cytotoxicity of drug loaded micelles was decreased by increasing the micellar core hydrophobicity because of decreasing drug release rate. Moreover, siRNA loaded PMs could considerably inhibit NF-κB expression. PMs loaded with both GemC18 and siRNA exhibited higher capability to induce apoptosis and inhibit migration of both cells. PMs with the most hydrophobic core indicated higher tumor accumulation efficiency via in-vivo imaging study. In conclusion, the prepared PMs hold a promise as an attractive dual functional delivery system for an effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Norouzi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Seyedjafari
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Kong R, Sun G, Li X, Wu L, Li L, Li Y, Wang F, Xuan P, Yang S, Sun B, Hu J. Small Molecule Inhibitor C188-9 Synergistically Enhances the Demethylated Activity of Low-Dose 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine Against Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:612. [PMID: 32457835 PMCID: PMC7225308 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation, especially hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, has been associated with many cancers' progression. 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC) can reverse hypermethylation-induced gene silencing via regulating DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) activity, In addition, low-dose of DAC was proved to exert durable antitumor effects against solid tumor cells. Nevertheless, no clinical effect of DAC has been made when fighting against pancreatic cancer. Hence, it is necessary to raise a novel therapeutic strategy that further enhance the efficacy of DAC but not increase side effect, which impede the utilization of DAC. In the present study, we have discovered that C188-9, a novel signal transduction activator of transcription (STAT) inhibitor, could improve the antitumor effects of low-dose DAC in vivo and in vitro. Further study demonstrated that such improvement was attributed to re-expression of Ras association domain family member 1A (RASSF1A), a well-known tumor suppressor gene. Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) assay showed that C188-9 combined with DAC treatment could significantly reverse the hypermethylation status of RASSF1A promoter, which indicated that C188-9 could enhance the demethylation efficacy of DAC. Our data demonstrated that DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) was the underlying mechanism that C188-9 regulates the demethylation efficacy of DAC. Overall, these findings provide a novel therapeutic strategy combining low-dose DAC and C188-9 to improve therapeutic efficacy by inhibiting DNMT1-inducing promoter methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kong
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Guangming Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xina Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linfeng Wu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yilong Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ping Xuan
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Shifeng Yang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jisheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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10
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Li Z, Xuan Z, Chen J, Song W, Zhang S, Jin C, Zhou M, Zheng S, Song P. Inhibiting the NF-κB pathway enhances the antitumor effect of cabazitaxel by downregulating Bcl-2 in pancreatic cancer. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:161-170. [PMID: 32377719 PMCID: PMC7252454 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimizing the currently available treatment options for pancreatic cancer (PC) is a priority. Cabazitaxel (CTX), a semisynthetic taxane, is mainly used for treating patients with PC who are resistant to paclitaxel (PTX) or docetaxel, due its poor affinity for P-glycoprotein. However, there are only a few studies demonstrating the effect of CTX on PC. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency and underlying mechanism of CTX in PC treatment. Cell proliferation, colony formation assay and apoptosis analysis were achieved in the two human PC cell lines AsPC-1 and BxPC-3. Drug sensitivity test was performed in BxPC-3 tumor-bearing mice. The results demonstrated that CTX had a lower half maximal inhibitory concentration compared with PTX for the inhibition of cell proliferation, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway was activated following cell treatment with CTX, and NF-κB p65 overexpression attenuated CTX cytotoxicity. In addition, the combined use of the specific NF-κB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) with CTX significantly enhanced CTX effect, both in vivo and in vitro. Similarly, the mRNA and protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 was decreased in AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells following treatment with CTX and CAPE, suggesting that NF-κB may serve a crucial role in CTX efficiency. In conclusion, results from our previous study indicated that CTX could potentially replace PTX in the treatment of PC, and the present study demonstrated that CTX combination with an NF-κB inhibitor may be considered as a potential therapeutic option for PC, which may improve the prognosis of patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zefeng Xuan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Song
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Mengqiao Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Penghong Song
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
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11
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Meng Q, Liang C, Hua J, Zhang B, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wei M, Yu X, Xu J, Shi S. A miR-146a-5p/TRAF6/NF-kB p65 axis regulates pancreatic cancer chemoresistance: functional validation and clinical significance. Theranostics 2020; 10:3967-3979. [PMID: 32226532 PMCID: PMC7086345 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression in cancer can act as a key factor that modifies biological processes, including chemoresistance. Our study aimed to identify the miRNAs associated with gemcitabine (GEM) resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and to explore the potential mechanisms. Methods: The miRNA microarray was used to identify miRNAs associated with GEM resistance. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to examine miR-146a-5p expression in paired PDAC and adjacent normal tissues. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to confirm tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) as a direct target of miR-146a-5p and to explore the potential transcription factor binding and regulation by miR-146a-5p. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to investigate the mechanisms. Results: MiR-146a-5p expression was significantly decreased in PDAC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and miR-146a-5p expression correlated with prognosis in PDAC patients. Functional studies indicated that miR-146a-5p suppressed PDAC cell proliferation and sensitized PDAC cells to GEM chemotherapy by targeting the 3'-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of TRAF6. MiR-146a-5p was also observed to downregulate the TRAF6/NF-κB p65/P-gp axis, which regulates PDAC cell growth and chemoresistance. Conclusions: Taken together, the results indicate that the miR-146a-5p/TRAF6/NF-κB p65 axis drives pancreatic chemoresistance by regulating P-gp, suggesting that miR-146a-5p may be utilized as a new therapeutic target and prognostic marker in PDAC patients.
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12
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Hu M, Yang J, Qu L, Deng X, Duan Z, Fu R, Liang L, Fan D. Ginsenoside Rk1 induces apoptosis and downregulates the expression of PD-L1 by targeting the NF-κB pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. Food Funct 2020; 11:456-471. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02166c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rk1 can function as an antitumor modulator that induces apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting NF-κB transcription and triggering cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manling Hu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Jing Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Linlin Qu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Xuqian Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Zhiguang Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Rongzhan Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Lihua Liang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
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13
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Lan CY, Chen SY, Kuo CW, Lu CC, Yen GC. Quercetin facilitates cell death and chemosensitivity through RAGE/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in human pancreatic cancer cells. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:887-896. [PMID: 31590760 PMCID: PMC9306979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The triggering of gemcitabine (GEM) drug resistance in pancreatic cancer by the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been demonstrated. Hence, finding a safe and effective adjuvant for preventing pancreatic cancer progression is imperative. Quercetin is a flavonoid that is abundant in apples, grapes, red raspberry, and onions and has been reported to inhibit RAGE. This research aimed to investigate the mechanisms of quercetin in regulating cell death and enhancing drug effects through RAGE reduction, especially in GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Our results showed that silencing RAGE expression by RAGE-specific siRNA transfection significantly increased cell death by apoptosis, autophagy and GEM-induced cytotoxicity by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in MIA Paca-2 and MIA Paca-2 GEMR cells (GEM-resistant cells). Notably, quercetin showed a dramatic effect similar to RAGE silencing that effectively attenuated RAGE expression to facilitate cell cycle arrest, autophagy, apoptosis, and GEM chemosensitivity in MIA Paca-2 GEMR cells, suggesting that an additional reaction occurred under combined quercetin and GEM treatment. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that the molecular mechanisms of quercetin in regulating apoptosis and autophagy-related pathways and increasing GEM chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells involved inhibition of RAGE expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Yu Lan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Kuo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Sport Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, 16, Sec. 1, Shuang-Shih Road, Taichung 40404, Taiwan
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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14
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Duan PY, Ma Y, Li XN, Qu FZ, Ji L, Guo XY, Zhang WJ, Xiao F, Li L, Hu JS, Sun B, Wang G. Inhibition of RIPK1-dependent regulated acinar cell necrosis provides protection against acute pancreatitis via the RIPK1/NF-κB/AQP8 pathway. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-17. [PMID: 31375658 PMCID: PMC6802613 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, preliminary results have confirmed the existence of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL)-dependent necroptosis of pancreatic acinar cells during early acute pancreatitis (AP), which might be a potential target for the effective regulation of necroinflammatory injury. However, the exact effect of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-dependent regulated acinar cell necrosis on AP is still uncertain. In our study, we first explored the changes in the degree of local and systemic inflammation in AP rats when the activation of acinar cell RIPK1 was inhibited. The RIPK1 inhibitor Nec-1 was used to treat rats, and the levels of related inflammatory markers, necrosis indicators and apoptotic indicators were measured. Changes in pancreatic nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and aquaporin 8 (AQP8) expression were noted. Next, the expression of AQP8 in AR42J cells was inhibited, and the degree of cell necrosis and inflammatory damage was found to be significantly reduced. Most importantly, we demonstrated that the RIPK1/NF-ĸB/AQP8 axis might be a potential regulatory pathway mediating RIPK1-dependent regulated acinar cell necrosis in early AP. Finally, we used the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC and Nec-1 to treat rats in different groups and measured the degree of pathological pancreatic injury, the activation of RIPK1, and the expression of NF-κB and AQP8. In summary, we hypothesized that there might be a RIPK1/NF-ĸB/AQP8 pathway controlling RIPK1-dependent regulated necrosis of acinar cells in AP, which might be a promising therapeutic target against AP-related injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yu Duan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Medical Administration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xi-Na Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Feng-Zhi Qu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Liang Ji
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Guo
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wang-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ji-Sheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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15
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Kabacaoglu D, Ruess DA, Ai J, Algül H. NF-κB/Rel Transcription Factors in Pancreatic Cancer: Focusing on RelA, c-Rel, and RelB. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E937. [PMID: 31277415 PMCID: PMC6679104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)/Rel transcription factors (TFs) is extremely cell-type-specific owing to their ability to act disparately in the context of cellular homeostasis driven by cellular fate and the microenvironment. This is also valid for tumor cells in which every single component shows heterogenic effects. Whereas many studies highlighted a per se oncogenic function for NF-κB/Rel TFs across cancers, recent advances in the field revealed their additional tumor-suppressive nature. Specifically, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as one of the deadliest malignant diseases, shows aberrant canonical-noncanonical NF-κB signaling activity. Although decades of work suggest a prominent oncogenic activity of NF-κB signaling in PDAC, emerging evidence points to the opposite including anti-tumor effects. Considering the dual nature of NF-κB signaling and how it is closely linked to many other cancer related signaling pathways, it is essential to dissect the roles of individual Rel TFs in pancreatic carcinogenesis and tumor persistency and progression. Here, we discuss recent knowledge highlighting the role of Rel TFs RelA, RelB, and c-Rel in PDAC development and maintenance. Next to providing rationales for therapeutically harnessing Rel TF function in PDAC, we compile strategies currently in (pre-)clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Kabacaoglu
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Ruess
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jiaoyu Ai
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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16
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Obesity-Induced Adipose Tissue Inflammation as a Strong Promotional Factor for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070673. [PMID: 31277269 PMCID: PMC6678863 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to soon become the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. This may be due to the rising obesity prevalence, which is a recognized risk factor for PDAC. There is great interest in deciphering the underlying driving mechanisms of the obesity–PDAC link. Visceral adiposity has a strong correlation to certain metabolic diseases and gastrointestinal cancers, including PDAC. In fact, our own data strongly suggest that visceral adipose tissue inflammation is a strong promoter for PDAC growth and progression in a genetically engineered mouse model of PDAC and diet-induced obesity. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and PDAC development, with a focus on the key molecular and cellular components in the dysfunctional visceral adipose tissue, which provides a tumor permissive environment.
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17
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Cao X, Hu Y, Luo S, Wang Y, Gong T, Sun X, Fu Y, Zhang Z. Neutrophil-mimicking therapeutic nanoparticles for targeted chemotherapy of pancreatic carcinoma. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:575-589. [PMID: 31193785 PMCID: PMC6543032 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the critical correlation between inflammation and carcinogenesis, a therapeutic candidate with anti-inflammatory activity may find application in cancer therapy. Here, we report the therapeutic efficacy of celastrol as a promising candidate compound for treatment of pancreatic carcinoma via naïve neutrophil membrane-coated poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-block-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticles. Neutrophil membrane-coated nanoparticles (NNPs) are well demonstrated to overcome the blood pancreas barrier to achieve pancreas-specific drug delivery in vivo. Using tumor-bearing mice xenograft model, NNPs showed selective accumulations at the tumor site following systemic administration as compared to nanoparticles without neutrophil membrane coating. In both orthotopic and ectopic tumor models, celastrol-loaded NNPs demonstrated greatly enhanced tumor inhibition which significantly prolonged the survival of tumor bearing mice and minimizing liver metastases. Overall, these results suggest that celastrol-loaded NNPs represent a viable and effective treatment option for pancreatic carcinoma.
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Key Words
- 5-FU, fluorouracil
- CLT, celastrol
- Celastrol
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DiD, 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate
- IKKα, IκB kinase α
- IKKβ, IκB kinase β
- IL-1β, interleukin 1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- Inflammation
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NIK, NF kappa B inducing kinase
- NNPs, neutrophil membrane-coated nanoparticles
- NPs, nanoparticles without neutrophil membrane coating
- Naïve neutrophils membrane
- PEG-PLGA nanoparticle
- PEG-PLGA, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-block-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PI, propidium iodide
- Pancreatic carcinoma
- TAK1, TGF-β-activated kinase 1
- TEM, transmission electronic microscopy
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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18
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Ginkgolide B enhances gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cell lines via inhibiting PAFR/NF-кB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:563-572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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19
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Luo Z, Yi Z, Ou Z, Han T, Wan T, Tang Y, Wang Z, Huang F. RELA/NEAT1/miR‐302a‐3p/RELA feedback loop modulates pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and migration. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3583-3597. [PMID: 30362505 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- Department of General Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Zhong‐Jie Yi
- Department of General Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Zheng‐Lin Ou
- Department of General Surgery Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
| | - Tong Han
- Department of pharmacy The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Tao Wan
- Department of General Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yong‐Chang Tang
- Department of General Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Zhi‐Chao Wang
- Department of General Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Fei‐Zhou Huang
- Department of General Surgery The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
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20
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Wang K, Baldwin GS, Nikfarjam M, He H. p21-activated kinase signalling in pancreatic cancer: New insights into tumour biology and immune modulation. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3709-3723. [PMID: 30197477 PMCID: PMC6127653 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i33.3709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies worldwide, with a very poor prognosis and a five-year survival rate less than 8%. This dismal outcome is largely due to delayed diagnosis, early distant dissemination and resistance to conventional chemo-therapies. Kras mutation is a well-defined hallmark of pancreatic cancer, with over 95% of cases harbouring Kras mutations that give rise to constitutively active forms of Kras. As important down-stream effectors of Kras, p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are involved in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion/migration and chemo-resistance. Immunotherapy is now emerging as a promising treatment modality in the era of personalized anti-cancer therapeutics. In this review, basic knowledge of PAK structure and regulation is briefly summarised and the pivotal role of PAKs in Kras-driven pancreatic cancer is highlighted in terms of tumour biology and chemo-resistance. Finally, the involvement of PAKs in immune modulation in the tumour microenvironment is discussed and the potential advantages of targeting PAKs are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3084, Australia
| | - Graham S Baldwin
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3084, Australia
| | - Mehrdad Nikfarjam
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3084, Australia
| | - Hong He
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3084, Australia
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21
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Hu J, Li L, Chen H, Zhang G, Liu H, Kong R, Chen H, Wang Y, Li Y, Tian F, Lv X, Li G, Sun B. MiR-361-3p regulates ERK1/2-induced EMT via DUSP2 mRNA degradation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:807. [PMID: 30042387 PMCID: PMC6057920 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis remains one of the most intractable challenges in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) biology, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential to the epithelium-originated solid tumor metastasis cascade. Emerging evidence demonstrates that aberrant miRNA expression is involved in pancreatic cancer progression. We found that miR-361-3p was associated with an advanced stage of PDAC and poor prognosis. Hence, the effect of miR-361-3p on metastasis of PDAC cells was evaluated using Transwell assay and wound healing assay in vitro as well as orthotopic and liver metastasis pancreatic cancer models in vivo. Overexpression of miR-361-3p promoted pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro, and miR-361-3p-elevated PDAC cells were prone to generating metastatic nodules in vivo. However, miR-361-3p showed no significant effect on the proliferation of PDAC cells in vivo or in vitro. Further study demonstrated that miR-361-3p could enhance EMT and ERK pathway activation, and ERK inhibitor could attenuate miR-361-3p-induced EMT. Luciferase assays, qPCR, and western blot and Ago2 co-immunoprecipitation were performed to identify the direct target of miR-361-3p. Mechanistic investigations identified DUSP2 as a direct target of miR-361-3p, and DUSP2 was revealed to be involved in miR-361-3p-induced EMT by directly leading to the inactivation of the ERK pathway. Moreover, we found that miR-361-3p-induced EMT was dependent on Ago2, the core component of RNA-induced silencing complex, while enforced expression of Ago2 enhanced the miR-361-3p-induced effect by promoting interference efficacy and specificity rather than regulating miR-361-3p stability and biogenesis. Thus, this study revealed that miR-361-3p functions as an oncomiR for promoting metastasis and identified the miR-361-3p/DUSP2/ERK axis as a novel EMT axis dependent on Ago2 in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongze Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Guangquan Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Rui Kong
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yilong Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fengyu Tian
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xinjian Lv
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Guanqun Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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TRAIL/NF-κB/CX3CL1 Mediated Onco-Immuno Crosstalk Leading to TRAIL Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061661. [PMID: 29867042 PMCID: PMC6032098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignant neoplasms and registers rising death rates in western countries. Due to its late detection in advanced stages, its extremely aggressive nature and the minimal effectiveness of currently available therapies, PDAC is a challenging problem in the clinical field. One characteristic of PDAC is a distinct desmoplasia consisting of fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells as well as non-cellular components, contributing to therapy resistance. It is well established that the NF-κB signaling pathway controls inflammation, cancer progression and apoptosis resistance in PDAC. This study attempts to identify NF-κB target genes mediating therapy resistance of humane PDAC cell lines towards death ligand induced apoptosis. By using a genome wide unbiased approach the chemokine CX3CL1 was established as a central NF-κB target gene mediating therapy resistance. While no direct impact of CX3CL1 expression on cancer cell apoptosis was identified in co-culture assays it became apparent that CX3CL1 is acting in a paracrine fashion, leading to an increased recruitment of inflammatory cells. These inflammatory cells in turn mediate apoptosis resistance of PDAC cells. Therefore, our data dissect a bifunctional cross-signaling pathway in PDAC between tumor and immune cells giving rise to therapy resistance.
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Wang Y, Wang S, Liu J, Lu Y, Li D. Licoricidin enhances gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the Akt and NF-κB signal pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 290:44-51. [PMID: 29782821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone malignancy in children and adolescents. Combined treatments of anti-cancer drugs can remarkably improve chemotherapeutic outcomes. Gemcitabine and licoricidin both have potential anti-tumor activity in several cancers. However, the combined therapeutic efficiency of gemcitabine and licoricidin for OS has not been explored. Here, we found that licoricidin or gemcitabine inhibited OS cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Cotreatment with licoricidin and gemcitabine enhanced gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in OS cells. Licoricidin suppressed activation of the Akt and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Gemcitabine had no effect on Akt signal, but facilitated the activation of NF-κB signal in OS cells. Moreover, combined treatment of licoricidin and gemcitabine markedly curbed the activation of Akt and NF-κB pathways in OS cells. Inhibition of the Akt and NF-κB pathways enhanced gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in OS cells. In vivo assay further manifested that licoricidin enhanced gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in tumor xenograft models of OS via inactivation of the Akt and NF-κB pathways. In conclusion, licoricidin enhanced gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in OS cells by inactivation of the Akt and NF-κB pathways in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yanxiao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
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Kitano Y, Okabe H, Yamashita YI, Nakagawa S, Saito Y, Umezaki N, Tsukamoto M, Yamao T, Yamamura K, Arima K, Kaida T, Miyata T, Mima K, Imai K, Hashimoto D, Komohara Y, Chikamoto A, Ishiko T, Baba H. Tumour-infiltrating inflammatory and immune cells in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2017; 118:171-180. [PMID: 29123259 PMCID: PMC5785749 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammation and immune characteristics of the tumour microenvironment have therapeutic significance. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical impact on disease progression in human extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC). Methods: A total of 114 consecutive ECC patients with curative resection between 2000 and 2014 were enrolled. Tumour infiltrating CD66b+ neutrophils (TANs; tumour associated neutrophils), CD163+ M2 macrophages (TAMs; tumour associated macrophages), CD8+ T cells, and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were assayed by immunohistochemistry, and their relationships with patient clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were evaluated. Results: Tumour associated neutrophils were inversely correlated with CD8+ T cells (P=0.0001) and positively correlated with Tregs (P=0.001). High TANs (P=0.01), low CD8+ T cells (P=0.02), and high Tregs (P=0.04) were significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS). A high-risk signature, derived from integration of intratumoural inflammatory and immune cells, was significantly associated with poor recurrence-free survival (P=0.01) and OS (P=0.0008). A high-risk signature was correlated with postoperative distant metastases. Furthermore, a high-risk signature was related to the resistance to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy used after recurrence. Conclusions: Our data showed that tumour infiltrating inflammatory and immune cells may play a pivotal role in ECC progression and a high-risk signature predicted poor prognosis in ECC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kitano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Okabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoichi Saito
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Naoki Umezaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masayo Tsukamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yamao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kota Arima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kaida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Akira Chikamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Ishiko
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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Liu H, Li L, Chen H, Kong R, Pan S, Hu J, Wang Y, Li Y, Sun B. Silencing IGFBP-2 decreases pancreatic cancer metastasis and enhances chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61674-61686. [PMID: 28977895 PMCID: PMC5617455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has remained one of the most devastating and lethal malignancies characterized by local invasion, distant metastasis and a high degree of chemoresistance. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) is a member of the IGFBP family of proteins, and it is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer patients’ serum and tumor tissues. IGFBP-2 also mediates tumor cell growth, invasion and resistance, while the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we sought to determine the impact of IGFBP-2 expression on pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Wound healing, migration and invasion assays revealed that knockdown of IGFBP-2 inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion. Downregulation of IGFBP-2 attenuates EMT via increasing the E-cadherin and reducing the vimentin and N-cadherin. PTCH-1 is found contribute to the function of IGFBP-2 in suppressing metastasis and EMT of pancreatic cancer. Silencing IGFBP-2 inhibited invasion and metastatic properties, partially through inhibiting PTCH1 in pancreatic cancer. Additionally, inhibition of IGFBP-2 enhanced the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine, suppressed tumor growth and potentiated the anti-tumor effect of gemcitabine in the orthotopic tumor model. Our results provide novel insight of IGFBP-2 as a promising target to inhibit the metastasis and overcome the chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rui Kong
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jisheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yilong Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Khalafalla FG, Khan MW. Inflammation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Fighting Against Multiple Opponents. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2017; 10:1179064417709287. [PMID: 28579826 PMCID: PMC5436837 DOI: 10.1177/1179064417709287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and one of the most lethal human cancers. Inflammation is a critical component in PDAC initiation and progression. Inflammation also contributes to the aggressiveness of PDAC indirectly via induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), altogether leading to enhanced resistance to chemotherapy and poor survival rates. This review gives an overview of the key pro-inflammatory signaling pathways involved in PDAC pathogenesis and discusses the role of inflammation in induction of EMT and development of chemoresistance in patients with PDAC.
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28
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Lee SH, Park SW. [Inflammation and Cancer Development in Pancreatic and Biliary Tract Cancer]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2016; 66:325-39. [PMID: 26691190 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2015.66.6.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been known to be a risk for many kinds of cancers, including pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. Recently, inflammatory process has emerged as a key mediator of cancer development and progression. Many efforts with experimental results have been given to identify the underlying mechanisms that contribute to inflammation-induced tumorigenesis. Diverse inflammatory pathways have been investigated and inhibitors for inflammation-related signaling pathways have been developed for cancer treatment. This review will summarize recent outcomes about this distinctive process in pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. Taking this evidence into consideration, modulation of inflammatory process will provide useful options for pancreatic and biliary tract cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Woo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Li L, Chen H, Gao Y, Wang YW, Zhang GQ, Pan SH, Ji L, Kong R, Wang G, Jia YH, Bai XW, Sun B. Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 Promotes Aggressive Pancreatic Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis via the Stimulation of Autophagy. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2232-43. [PMID: 27371730 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has emerged as one of the most aggressive malignant tumors with the worst prognosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that long noncoding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is increased in pancreatic cancer and is identified as a diagnostic biomarker. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism of elevated MALAT1 levels and tumor aggressiveness remains unknown. In this study, MALAT1 was found to be highly expressed in PDAC tissues, and elevated expression was associated with poorer prognoses. In addition, MALAT1 was positively linearly correlated with the expression of LC3B mRNA. Furthermore, several molecules involved in cellular autophagic flux were modulated following the downregulation of MALAT1, including LC3, P62, and LAMP-2. Mechanistically, we found that MALAT1 interacted with RNA binding protein HuR, and silencing of MALAT1 greatly enhanced the posttranscriptional regulation of TIA-1 and had further effects on inhibiting autophagy. MALAT1 was speculated to regulate tumorigenesis via HuR-TIA-1-mediated autophagic activation. Hence, we investigated the biological properties of MALAT1 in terms of tumor proliferation and metastasis by promoting autophagy in vitro In brief, these data demonstrate that MALAT1 could facilitate the advanced progression of tumors in vivo Our study highlights the new roles of MALAT1 on protumorigenic functioning and anticancer therapy via activating autophagy in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2232-43. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yong-Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guang-Quan Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shang-Ha Pan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liang Ji
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rui Kong
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue-Hui Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xue-Wei Bai
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Wang Y, Wu X, Zhou Y, Jiang H, Pan S, Sun B. Piperlongumine Suppresses Growth and Sensitizes Pancreatic Tumors to Gemcitabine in a Xenograft Mouse Model by Modulating the NF-kappa B Pathway. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:234-44. [PMID: 26667450 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy, which generally respond poorly to chemotherapy. Hence, novel agents that are safe and effective are highly needed. The aim of this study was to investigate whether piperlongumine, a natural product isolated from the fruit of the pepper Piper longum, has any efficacy against human pancreatic cancer when used either alone or in combination with gemcitabine in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. In vitro, piperlongumine inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines, potentiated the apoptotic effects of gemcitabine, inhibited the constitutive and inducible activation of NF-κB, and suppressed the NF-κB-regulated expression of c-Myc, cyclin D1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Survivin, XIAP, VEGF, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Furthermore, in an in vivo xenograft model, we found piperlongumine alone significantly suppressed tumor growth and enhanced the antitumor properties of gemcitabine. These results were consistent with the downregulation of NF-κB activity and its target genes, decreased proliferation (PCNA and Ki-67), decreased microvessel density (CD31), and increased apoptosis (TUNEL) in tumor remnants. Collectively, our results suggest that piperlongumine alone exhibits significant antitumor effects against human pancreatic cancer and it further enhances the therapeutic effects of gemcitabine, possibly through the modulation of NF-κB- and NF-κB-regulated gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangsong Wu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yinan Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are critical modulators of chemotherapeutic resistance in various cancers. To address the alarming emergence of chemotherapeutic resistance in pancreatic cancer, we investigated the efficacy of the turmeric derivative curcumin in reducing IAP protein and mRNA expression resulting in pancreatic cancer cell death. METHODS The pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line PANC-1 was used to assess curcumin's effects in pancreatic cancer. Curcumin uptake was measured by spectral analysis and fluorescence microscopy. AlamarBlue and Trypan blue exclusion assays were used to determine PANC-1 cell viability after curcumin treatment. Visualization of PANC-1 cell death was performed using Hoffman Modulation Contrast microscopy. Western blot, and polymerase chain reaction analyses were used to evaluate curcumin's effects on IAP protein and mRNA expression. RESULTS Curcumin enters PANC-1 cells and is ubiquitously present within the cell after treatment. Furthermore, curcumin reduces cell viability and induces morphological changes characteristic of cell death. Additionally, curcumin decreases IAP protein and mRNA expression in PANC-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that PANC-1 cells are sensitive to curcumin treatment. Futthermore, curcumin is a potential therapeutic tool for overcoming chemotherapeutic resistance mediated by IAPs. Together, this data supports a role for curcumin as part of the therapeutic approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Davis-Yadley AH, Malafa MP. Vitamins in pancreatic cancer: a review of underlying mechanisms and future applications. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:774-802. [PMID: 26567201 PMCID: PMC4642423 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is increasing evidence that vitamins influence pancreatic adenocarcinoma biology and carcinogenesis, a comprehensive review is lacking. In this study, we performed a PubMed literature search to review the anticancer mechanisms and the preclinical and clinical studies that support the development of the bioactive vitamins A, C, D, E, and K in pancreatic cancer intervention. Preclinical studies have shown promising results for vitamin A in pancreatic cancer prevention, with clinical trials showing intriguing responses in combination with immunotherapy. For vitamin C, preclinical studies have shown slower tumor growth rates and/or increased survival when used alone or in combination with gemcitabine, with clinical trials with this combination revealing decreased primary tumor sizes and improved performance status. Preclinical studies with vitamin D analogues have shown potent antiproliferative effects and repression of migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, with a clinical trial showing increased time to progression when calciferol was added to docetaxel. For vitamin E, preclinical studies have shown that δ-tocotrienol and γ-tocotrienol inhibited tumor cell growth and survival and augmented gemcitabine activity. Early-phase clinical trials with δ-tocotrienol are ongoing. Vitamin K demonstrates activation of apoptosis and inhibition of cellular growth in pancreatic tumor cells; however, there are no clinical studies available for further evaluation. Although preclinical and clinical studies are encouraging, randomized controlled trials with endpoints based on insights gained from mechanistic and preclinical studies and early-phase clinical trials are required to determine the efficacy of bioactive vitamin interventions in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley H Davis-Yadley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; and Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Mokenge P Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
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Waters JA, Matos J, Yip-Schneider M, Aguilar-Saavedra JR, Crean CD, Beane JD, Dumas RP, Suvannasankha A, Schmidt CM. Targeted nuclear factor-kappaB suppression enhances gemcitabine response in human pancreatic tumor cell line murine xenografts. Surgery 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kim HY, Kim SL, Park YR, Liu YC, Seo SY, Kim SH, Kim IH, Lee SO, Lee ST, Kim SW. Balsalazide Potentiates Parthenolide-Mediated Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling in HCT116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Intest Res 2015; 13:233-41. [PMID: 26130998 PMCID: PMC4479738 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2015.13.3.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Balsalazide is an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Balsalazide can reduce inflammatory responses via several mechanisms, including inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. Parthenolide (PT) inhibits NF-κB and exerts promising anticancer effects by promoting apoptosis. The present investigated the antitumor effects of balsalazide, combined with PT, on NF-κB in a representative human colorectal carcinoma cell line, HCT116. METHODS We counted cells and conducted annexin-V assays and cell cycle analysis to measure apoptotic cell death. Western blotting was used investigate the levels of proteins involved in apoptosis. RESULTS PT and balsalazide produced synergistic anti-proliferative effects and induced apoptotic cell death. The combination of balsalazide and PT markedly suppressed nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit and the phosphorylation of inhibitor of NF-κB. Moreover, PT and balsalazide dramatically enhanced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. Apoptosis, through the mitochondrial pathway, was confirmed by detecting effects on Bcl-2 family members, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspase-3 and -8. CONCLUSIONS Combination treatment with PT and balsalazide may offer an effective strategy for the induction of apoptosis in HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Se-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea. ; Colon Carcinogenesis and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Young-Ran Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea. ; Colon Carcinogenesis and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yu-Chuan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea. ; Colon Carcinogenesis and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seung Young Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seong Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - In Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seung Ok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Soo Teik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea. ; Colon Carcinogenesis and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea. ; Colon Carcinogenesis and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Kazim S, Malafa MP, Coppola D, Husain K, Zibadi S, Kashyap T, Crochiere M, Landesman Y, Rashal T, Sullivan DM, Mahipal A. Selective Nuclear Export Inhibitor KPT-330 Enhances the Antitumor Activity of Gemcitabine in Human Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1570-81. [PMID: 25934708 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive and deadly malignancy responsible for the death of over 37,000 Americans each year. Gemcitabine-based therapy is the standard treatment for pancreatic cancer but has limited efficacy due to chemoresistance. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo effects of gemcitabine combined with the selective nuclear export (CRM1) inhibitor KPT-330 on pancreatic cancer growth. Human pancreatic cancer MiaPaCa-2 and metastatic pancreatic cancer L3.6pl cell lines were treated with different concentrations of KPT-330 and gemcitabine alone or in combination, and anchorage-dependent/independent growth was recorded. In addition, L3.6pl cells with luciferase were injected orthotopically into the pancreas of athymic nude mice, which were treated with (i) vehicle (PBS 1 mL/kg i.p., 2/week and povidone/pluronic F68 1 mL/kg p.o., 3/week), (ii) KPT-330 (20 mg/kg p.o., 3/week), (iii) gemcitabine (100 mg/kg i.p., 2/week), or (iv) KPT-330 (10 mg/kg) + gemcitabine (50 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. KPT-330 and gemcitabine alone dose-dependently inhibited anchorage-dependent growth in vitro and tumor volume in vivo compared with vehicle treatment. However, the combination inhibited growth synergistically. In combination, KPT-330 and gemcitabine acted synergistically to enhance pancreatic cancer cell death greater than each single-agent therapy. Mechanistically, KPT-330 and gemcitabine promoted apoptosis, induced p27, depleted survivin, and inhibited accumulation of DNA repair proteins. Together, our data suggest that KPT-330 potentiates the antitumor activity of gemcitabine in human pancreatic cancer through inhibition of tumor growth, depletion of the antiapoptotic proteins, and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Kazim
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mokenge P Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kazim Husain
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Sherma Zibadi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | | | - Tami Rashal
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Newton, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel M Sullivan
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Amit Mahipal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
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TRAF6 is over-expressed in pancreatic cancer and promotes the tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer cells. Med Oncol 2014; 31:260. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Arginine deiminase augments the chemosensitivity of argininosuccinate synthetase-deficient pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine via inhibition of NF-κB signaling. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:686. [PMID: 25240403 PMCID: PMC4189535 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world with a 5-year survival rate of less than 6%. Currently, there is no successful therapeutic strategy for advanced pancreatic cancer, and new effective strategies are urgently needed. Recently, an arginine deprivation agent, arginine deiminase, was found to inhibit the growth of some tumor cells (i.e., hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, and lung cancer) deficient in argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), an enzyme used to synthesize arginine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of arginine deiminase in combination with gemcitabine, the first line chemotherapeutic drug for patients with pancreatic cancer, and to identify the mechanisms associated with its anticancer effects. Methods In this study, we first analyzed the expression levels of ASS in pancreatic cancer cell lines and tumor tissues using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. We further tested the effects of the combination regimen of arginine deiminase with gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Results Clinical investigation showed that pancreatic cancers with reduced ASS expression were associated with higher survivin expression and more lymph node metastasis and local invasion. Treatment of ASS-deficient PANC-1 cells with arginine deiminase decreased their proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, arginine deiminase potentiated the antitumor effects of gemcitabine on PANC-1 cells via multiple mechanisms including induction of cell cycle arrest in the S phase, upregulation of the expression of caspase-3 and 9, and inhibition of activation of the NF-κB survival pathway by blocking NF-κB p65 signaling via suppressing the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation (serine 536) of NF-κB p65 in vitro. Moreover, arginine deiminase can enhance antitumor activity of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in the mouse xenograft model. Conclusions Our results suggest that arginine deprivation by arginine deiminase, in combination with gemcitabine, may offer a novel effective treatment strategy for patients with pancreatic cancer and potentially improve the outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-686) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Hafeez BB, Mustafa A, Fischer JW, Singh A, Zhong W, Shekhani MO, Meske L, Havighurst T, Kim K, Verma AK. α-Mangostin: a dietary antioxidant derived from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L. inhibits pancreatic tumor growth in xenograft mouse model. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:682-99. [PMID: 24295217 PMCID: PMC4104617 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most aggressive malignant disease, ranking as the fourth most leading cause of cancer-related death among men and women in the United States. In this study, we provide evidence of chemotherapeutic effects of α-mangostin, a dietary antioxidant isolated from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L. against human PC. RESULTS The chemotherapeutic effect of α-mangostin was determined using four human PC cells (PL-45, PANC1, BxPC3, and ASPC1). α-Mangostin resulted in a significant inhibition of PC cells viability without having any effects on normal human pancreatic duct epithelial cells. α-Mangostin showed a dose-dependent increase of apoptosis in PC cells. Also, α-mangostin inhibited the expression levels of pNF-κB/p65Ser552, pStat3Ser727, and pStat3Tyr705. α-Mangostin inhibited DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator 3 (Stat3). α-Mangostin inhibited the expression levels of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), cyclin D1, and gp130; however, increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) was observed in PC cells. In addition, i.p. administration of α-mangostin (6 mg/kg body weight, 5 days a week) resulted in a significant inhibition of both primary (PL-45) and secondary (ASPC1) human PC cell-derived orthotopic and ectopic xenograft tumors in athymic nude mice. No sign of toxicity was observed in any of the mice administered with α-mangostin. α-Mangostin treatment inhibited the biomarkers of cell proliferation (Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA]) in the xenograft tumor tissues. INNOVATION We present, for the first time, that dietary antioxidant α-mangostin inhibits the growth of PC cells in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION These results suggest the potential therapeutic efficacy of α-mangostin against human PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Bin Hafeez
- 1 Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Paul Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
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de Sousa Cavalcante L, Monteiro G. Gemcitabine: metabolism and molecular mechanisms of action, sensitivity and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:8-16. [PMID: 25084222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is the first-line treatment for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, but is increasingly used to treat breast, bladder, and non-small cell lung cancers. Despite such broad use, intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance is common. In general, the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance are poorly understood. Here, current knowledge of gemcitabine metabolism, mechanisms of action, sensitivity and chemoresistance reported over the past two decades are reviewed; and we also offer new perspectives to improve gemcitabine efficacy with particular reference to the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Sousa Cavalcante
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ge Y, Yang B, Xu X, Dai Q, Chen Z, Cheng R. Cryptotanshinone acts synergistically with imatinib to induce apoptosis of human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:730-8. [PMID: 24884318 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.928934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib resistance has emerged as a significant clinical problem in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of combination treatment with imatinib and cryptotanshinone (CPT) in CML cells. Cotreatment with imatinib and CPT showed a significant synergistic killing effect in both imatinib sensitive and resistant CML cell lines, as well as primary CML cells. Furthermore, combination treatment induced apoptosis significantly, as indicated by increases in apoptotic cell fraction and activities of proapoptotic proteins. Subsequent studies revealed that CPT significantly inhibited Bcr/Abl protein expression, as well as phosphorylation expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which are critical mediators of Bcr/Abl transformation. Furthermore, CPT in combination with imatinib dramatically decreased the activity of the Bcr/Abl pathway in both K562 and K562-R cells. Our results demonstrated that CPT increased imatinib-induced apoptosis in a Bcr/Abl dependent manner, suggesting a novel strategy for the treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Ge
- Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Li C, Chen D, Luo M, Ge M, Zhu J. Knockdown of ribosomal protein L39 by RNA interference inhibits the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:652-63. [PMID: 24799381 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a major unsolved health problem lacking a potent therapeutic option. Our previous studies showed that the ribosomal protein L39 (RPL39) gene was up-regulated after long-term silencing of oncogenic KRAS in pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells, which indicated that RPL39 may be important for pancreatic cancer development and survival. In the current study, small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting of the RPL39 gene was performed to determine the effects of the RPL39 gene on growth of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells in vitro and in vivo. Results from in vitro experiments showed that knockdown of RPL39 expression with RPL39-siRNA suppressed cell proliferation and specifically enhanced cell apoptosis significantly in both PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. The increase of caspase-8 activities and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential after RPL39 silencing indicated that the RPL39 gene may be involved in caspase-8-related mitochondrial apoptosis. Further, treatment with the RPL39-siRNA inhibited the growth of a human pancreatic cancer xenograft in BALB/c nude mice, accompanied by a decreased expression of RPL39. In the xenograft tumors with injection of RPL39-siRNA, the expressions of Ki-67 and CD31 were significantly down-regulated, and apoptosis was markedly induced. Our findings suggested that siRNA against the RPL39 gene may be of value for gene therapy of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaodong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center for Cell Engineering and Therapeutic Antibody, SJTU, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Selvakumar GP, Janakiraman U, Essa MM, Justin Thenmozhi A, Manivasagam T. Escin attenuates behavioral impairments, oxidative stress and inflammation in a chronic MPTP/probenecid mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2014; 1585:23-36. [PMID: 24657313 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that results mainly due to the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), and subsequently has an effect on one's motor function and coordination. The current investigation explored the neuroprotective potential of escin, a natural triterpene-saponin on chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/probenecid (MPTP/p) induced mouse model of PD. Administration of MPTP led to the depleted striatal dopamine content, impaired patterns of behavior, enhanced oxidative stress and diminished expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT) and vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2). The expressions of interleukin-6 and -10, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 (IBA-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in SN were also enhanced. Oral treatment of escin significantly attenuated MPTP/p induced dopaminergic markers depletion, physiological abnormalities, oxidative stress and inhibit neuroinflammatory cytokine expressions in SN. The result of our study confirmed that escin mediated its protection against experimental PD through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Udaiyappan Janakiraman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Thamilarasan Manivasagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India.
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Cheng ZX, Wang DW, Liu T, Liu WX, Xia WB, Xu J, Zhang YH, Qu YK, Guo LQ, Ding L, Hou J, Zhong ZH. Effects of the HIF-1α and NF-κB loop on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chemoresistance induced by hypoxia in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1891-8. [PMID: 24535079 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a microenvironmental factor which plays a critical role in tumor development and chemoresistance. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by hypoxia is one of the critical causes of treatment failure and chemoresistance in different types of human cancers. Stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) transcription complex, caused by intratumoral hypoxia, promotes tumor progression and chemoresistance. Previous evidence suggests that hypoxia can also activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a known mediator of EMT, which is accompanied by reduced expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin and enhanced expression of the mesenchymal markers Vimentin and N-cadherin as well as overexpression of various transcription factors of EMT, such as Snail and Twist. Based on this evidence, the present study aimed to investigate whether downregulation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB or HIF-1α by small interfering RNA (siRNA) may reverse the EMT phenotype and inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1, BxPC3) under hypoxic conditions in vitro and enhance the efficacy of gemcitabine in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. These results provide molecular evidence showing that the activation of the HIF-1α and NF-κB loop is mechanistically linked with the chemoresistance phenotype (EMT phenotype) of pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxic conditions, suggesting that the inactivation of HIF-1α and NF-κB signaling by novel strategies may be a potential targeted therapeutic approach for overcoming EMT and chemoresistance induced by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Xin Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Bin Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Kun Qu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Qi Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Long Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Hua Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Nangang, Harbin 150081, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Jia G, Han B, Liu J, Teng Y, Lv J, Song Z, Li Y, Ji L, Pan S, Jiang H, Sun B. Shikonin suppresses tumor growth and synergizes with gemcitabine in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model: Involvement of NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:322-33. [PMID: 24522113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although gemcitabine is currently the best chemotherapeutic agent available for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, eventual failure of response is a significant clinical problem. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches against this disease are highly needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether shikonin, a naphthoquinone derivative, has potential in the treatment of pancreatic cancer when used either alone or in combination with gemcitabine. Our in vitro results showed that shikonin inhibited the proliferation of three different human pancreatic cancer cell lines and potentiated the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine, which correlated with the down-regulation of constitutive as well as gemcitabine-induced activation of NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene products. Most importantly, using a xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer, we found shikonin alone significantly suppressed tumor growth and argumented the antitumor activity of gemcitabine. These effects also correlated with the down-regulation of NF-κB activity and its target genes, decreased proliferation (PCNA and Ki-67), decreased microvessel density (CD31), and increased apoptosis (TUNEL) in tumor remnants. Collectively, our results suggest that shikonin can suppress the growth of human pancreatic tumors and potentiate the antitumor effects of gemcitabine through the suppression of NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yinan Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yueqiu Teng
- Department of Central Laboratory of Blood Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiachen Lv
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zengfu Song
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yilong Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Liang Ji
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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Huang F, Tang J, Zhuang X, Zhuang Y, Cheng W, Chen W, Yao H, Zhang S. MiR-196a promotes pancreatic cancer progression by targeting nuclear factor kappa-B-inhibitor alpha. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87897. [PMID: 24504166 PMCID: PMC3913664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of miR-196a has been frequently reported in different cancers including pancreatic cancer. However, its function in pancreatic cancer has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the expression pattern and the biological role of miR-196a in pancreatic cancer cell lines, as well as its interaction with a metastasis-related gene, nuclear factor-kappa-B-inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA). We demonstrated that miR-196a was up-regulated in human pancreatic cancer cell lines compared with immortalized pancreatic ductal epithelial cells by means of microRNAs microarray and qRT-PCR. Furthermore, down-regulation of miR-196a in PANC-1 suppressed its proliferation and migration with an increase in G0/G1 transition and decreased expression of Cyclin D1 and CDK4/6. Meanwhile, an increased expression in E-cadherin and decreased expression in N-cadherin and Vimentin were also observed. We identified a novel miR-196a target, NFKBIA, and down-regulation of miR-196a enhanced the expression of NFKBIA protein. Luciferase assay confirmed that NFKBIA was a direct and specific target of miR-196a. Silencing NFKBIA in PANC-1 cells enhanced its proliferation and migration. Taken together, our findings indicate that miR-196a is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer cell lines, and may play a crucial role in pancreatic cancer proliferation and migration, possibly through its downstream target, NFKBIA. Thus, miR-196a may serve as a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hainan Provincial Nongken Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Herui Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (HY)
| | - Shineng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (HY)
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The role of inflammation in pancreatic cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:129-51. [PMID: 24818722 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with an extremely poor prognosis. Inflammatory processes have emerged as key mediators of pancreatic cancer development and progression. In genetically engineered mouse models, induction of pancreatitis accelerates PDAC development, and patients with chronic pancreatitis are known to have a higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer. In recent years, much effort has been given to identify the underlying mechanisms that contribute to inflammation-induced tumorigenesis. Many inflammatory pathways have been identified and inhibitors have been developed in order to prevent cancer development and progression. In this chapter, we discuss the role of inflammatory pathways in the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer as well as the role of inhibitors used in treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer.
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Inhibition of hydrogen sulfide synthesis provides protection for severe acute pancreatitis rats via apoptosis pathway. Apoptosis 2013; 18:28-42. [PMID: 23054084 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the relationship between the synthesis of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) and the pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats, as well as analyse the potential apoptotic pathway involved in this process. Sixty rats had been equally divided into four groups: sham, SAP, SAP + sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and SAP + DL-propargylglycine (PAG). 24 h after SAP induction, all surviving animals of each group were sacrificed to collect blood and tissue samples for the following measurements: the level of serum H(2)S as well as the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), H(2)S synthesizing activity, CSE mRNA and protein expression, maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, -8 and -9, the release of cytochrome c and the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 in pancreas. Furthermore, in situ detection of cell apoptosis was examined and the severity of pancreatic damage was analyzed by pathological grading and scoring. Results Significant differences in every index except IL-10 had been found between the SAP, NaHS and PAG groups (P < 0.05). Treatment with PAG obviously induced the pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis as well as improved all the pathological changes and inflammatory parameters. In contrast, administration of NaHS significantly attenuated apoptosis in the pancreas and aggravated the severity of pancreatic damage. Moreover, the expressions of caspase-3, -8, -9 and the release of cytochrome c were all increased in the apoptotic cells, and the activity of NF-κB as well as the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 decreased accompanying with the reduction of the serum H(2)S level. H(2)S plays a pivotal role in the regulation of pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis in SAP rats. The present results showed that inhibition of H(2)S synthesis provided protection for SAP rats via inducing acinar cell apoptosis. This process acted through both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, and may be regulated by reducing the activity of NF-κB.
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Du QH, Xu YB, Zhang MY, Yun P, He CY. Propofol induces apoptosis and increases gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro by inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activity. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:5485-5492. [PMID: 24023491 PMCID: PMC3761101 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i33.5485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of propofol on human pancreatic cells and the molecular mechanism of propofol action.
METHODS: We used the human pancreatic cancer cell line MIAPaCa-2 for in vitro studies measuring growth inhibition and degree of apoptotic cell death induced by propofol alone, gemcitabine alone, or propofol followed by gemcitabine. All experiments were conducted in triplicate and carried out on three or more separate occasions. Data were means of the three or more independent experiments ± SE. Statistically significant differences were determined by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test and defined as P < 0.05.
RESULTS: Pretreatment of cells with propofol for 24 h followed by gemcitabine resulted in 24%-75% growth inhibition compared with 6%-18% when gemcitabine was used alone. Overall growth inhibition was directly correlated with apoptotic cell death. We also showed that propofol potentiated gemcitabine-induced killing by downregulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In contrast, NF-κB was upregulated when pancreatic cancer cells were exposed to gemcitabine alone, suggesting a potential mechanism of acquired chemoresistance.
CONCLUSION: Inactivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by propofol might abrogate gemcitabine-induced activation of NF-κB, resulting in chemosensitization of pancreatic tumors to gemcitabine.
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Ma Z, Vocadlo DJ, Vosseller K. Hyper-O-GlcNAcylation is anti-apoptotic and maintains constitutive NF-κB activity in pancreatic cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15121-30. [PMID: 23592772 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.470047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell metabolic reprogramming includes a shift in energy production from oxidative phosphorylation to less efficient glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen (Warburg effect) and use of glutamine for increased biosynthetic needs. This necessitates greatly increased glucose and glutamine uptake, both of which enter the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). The HBP end product UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is used in enzymatic post-translational modification of many cytosolic and nuclear proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Here, we observed increased HBP flux and hyper-O-GlcNAcylation in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC hyper-O-GlcNAcylation was associated with elevation of OGT and reduction of the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc (OGA). Reducing hyper-O-GlcNAcylation had no effect on non-transformed pancreatic epithelial cell growth, but inhibited PDAC cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, orthotopic tumor growth, and triggered apoptosis. PDAC is supported by oncogenic NF-κB transcriptional activity. The NF-κB p65 subunit and upstream kinases IKKα/IKKβ were O-GlcNAcylated in PDAC. Reducing hyper-O-GlcNAcylation decreased PDAC cell p65 activating phosphorylation (S536), nuclear translocation, NF-κB transcriptional activity, and target gene expression. Conversely, mimicking PDAC hyper-O-GlcNAcylation through pharmacological inhibition of OGA suppressed suspension culture-induced apoptosis and increased IKKα and p65 O-GlcNAcylation, accompanied by activation of NF-κB signaling. Finally, reducing p65 O-GlcNAcylation specifically by mutating two p65 O-GlcNAc sites (T322A and T352A) attenuated the induction of PDAC cell anchorage-independent growth. Our data indicate that hyper-O-GlcNAcylation is anti-apoptotic and contributes to NF-κB oncogenic activation in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA
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Radhakrishnan P, Bryant VC, Blowers EC, Rajule RN, Gautam N, Anwar MM, Mohr AM, Grandgenett PM, Bunt SK, Arnst JL, Lele SM, Alnouti Y, Hollingsworth MA, Natarajan A. Targeting the NF-κB and mTOR pathways with a quinoxaline urea analog that inhibits IKKβ for pancreas cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:2025-35. [PMID: 23444213 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The presence of TNF-α in approximately 50% of surgically resected tumors suggests that the canonical NF-κB and the mTOR pathways are activated. Inhibitor of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) acts as the signaling node that regulates transcription via the p-IκBα/NF-κB axis and regulates translation via the mTOR/p-S6K/p-eIF4EBP axis. A kinome screen identified a quinoxaline urea analog 13-197 as an IKKβ inhibitor. We hypothesized that targeting the NF-κB and mTOR pathways with 13-197 will be effective in malignancies driven by these pathways. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Retrospective clinical and preclinical studies in pancreas cancers have implicated NF-κB. We examined the effects of 13-197 on the downstream targets of the NF-κB and mTOR pathways in pancreatic cancer cells, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and tumor growth, and metastases in vivo. RESULTS 13-197 inhibited the kinase activity of IKKβ in vitro and TNF-α-mediated NF-κB transcription in cells with low-μmol/L potency. 13-197 inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα, S6K, and eIF4EBP, induced G1 arrest, and downregulated the expression of antiapoptotic proteins in pancreatic cancer cells. Prolonged administration of 13-197 did not induce granulocytosis and protected mice from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced death. Results also show that 13-197 is orally available with extensive distribution to peripheral tissues and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in an orthotopic pancreatic cancer model without any detectable toxicity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that 13-197 targets IKKβ and thereby inhibits mTOR and NF-κB pathways. Oral availability along with in vivo efficacy without obvious toxicities makes this quinoxaline urea chemotype a viable cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
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