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Wahiduzzaman M, Ota A, Hosokawa Y. Novel Mechanistic Insights into the Anti-cancer Mode of Arsenic Trioxide. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 20:115-129. [PMID: 31736446 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191021122006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic, a naturally-occurring toxic element, and a traditionally-used drug, has received a great deal of attention worldwide due to its curative anti-cancer properties in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Among the arsenicals, arsenic trioxide has been most widely used as an anti-cancer drug. Recent advances in cancer therapeutics have led to a paradigm shift away from traditional cytotoxic drugs towards the targeting of proteins closely associated with driving the cancer phenotype. Due to the diverse anti-cancer effects of ATO on different types of malignancies, numerous studies have made efforts to uncover the mechanisms of ATO-induced tumor suppression. From in vitro cellular models to studies in clinical settings, ATO has been extensively studied. The outcomes of these studies have opened doors to establishing improved molecular-targeted therapies for cancer treatment. The efficacy of ATO has been augmented by combination with other drugs. In this review, we discuss recent arsenic-based cancer therapies and summarize the novel underlying molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer effects of ATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Wahiduzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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Lin J, Long J, Wan X, Chen J, Bai Y, Wang A, Yang X, Wu Y, Robson SC, Sang X, Zhao H. Classification of gallbladder cancer by assessment of CD8 + TIL and PD-L1 expression. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:766. [PMID: 30055582 PMCID: PMC6064069 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death ligand 1/2 (PD-L1/PD-L2) expression has been established as a prognostic factor for various solid tumors and as a predictive factor for PD-1 blockade therapy, but scant data on its role in gallbladder cancer (GBC). The aims of this study were to assess the expression of PD-L1/PD-L2 and the density of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from GBC samples and to quantify the association between survival prognosis and these factors. METHODS CD8+ TILs density and the expression of PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2 and CD133 were assessed using immunohistochemistry in tumor specimens from 66 patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma. These indexes were correlated with the clinicopathological features. RESULTS The rate of PD-L1-positive (PD-L1+) was 54%, which included 18% positivity in tumor cells, and 36% in peritumoral immune stroma. High CD8+ TIL density (CD8high) was observed in PD-L1+ GBC, and PD-L1+ was positively associated with PD-L2+ expression. Regarding prognostic factors, PD-L1+ expression was related to worse overall survival (OS), and CD8high indicated better OS and progression-free survival (PFS). The combination of CD8high with PD-L1+ serves as a prognostic factor for improved OS (P < 0.001) and PFS (P = 0.014). CONCLUSION Analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment based on CD8+ TIL and PD-L1 expression is a promising independent predictor for the clinical outcome of GBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Junyu Long
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xueshuai Wan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingci Chen
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Bai
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Anqiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Center of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Li X, Teng S, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhang X, Xu K, Yao H, Yao J, Wang H, Liang X, Hu Z. TROP2 promotes proliferation, migration and metastasis of gallbladder cancer cells by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway and inducing EMT. Oncotarget 2018; 8:47052-47063. [PMID: 28423362 PMCID: PMC5564543 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) is overexpressed in many cancers. However, its effect on proliferation, migration and metastasis of gallbladder cancer remains unclear. In this study, we found that TROP2 was highly expressed in gallbladder cancer. Overexpression of TROP2 was associated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of TROP2 in gallbladder cancer cell lines strongly inhibited the cell proliferation, clone formation, invasion and migration in vitro, while TROP2 overexpression had opposite effects. In addition, knockdown of TROP2 increased the expression of total PTEN, p-PTEN and PDK-1 but reduced p-AKT via PI3K/AKT pathway. TROP2 downregulation also inhibited vimentin and increased E-cadherin expression during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, gallbladder cancer cells with TROP2 knockdown formed smaller xenografted tumors in vivo. In consistent with in vitro results, TROP2 inhibition decreased Akt phosphorylation, increased PTEN expression and postponed EMT of gallbladder cancer cells in vivo. In conclusion, we revealed that TROP2 promoted the proliferation, migration and metastasis of gallbladder cancer cells by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway and inducing EMT. TROP2 could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the clinical management of gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Shifeng Teng
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xianwen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Houshan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Haolu Wang
- Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Xiaowen Liang
- Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Zhiqian Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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Li C, Wang C, Xing Y, Zhen J, Ai Z. CD133 promotes gallbladder carcinoma cell migration through activating Akt phosphorylation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17751-9. [PMID: 26910892 PMCID: PMC4951247 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is the fifth most common malignancy of gastrointestinal tract. The prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma is extremely terrible partially due to metastasis. However, the mechanisms underlying gallbladder carcinoma metastasis remain largely unknown. CD133 is a widely used cancer stem cell marker including in gallbladder carcinoma. Here, we found that CD133 was highly expressed in gallbladder carcinoma as compared to normal tissues. CD133 was located in the invasive areas in gallbladder carcinoma. Down-regulation expression of CD133 inhibited migration and invasion of gallbladder carcinoma cell without obviously reducing cell proliferation. Mechanism analysis revealed that down-regulation expression of CD133 inhibited Akt phosphorylation and increased PTEN protein level. The inhibitory effect of CD133 down-regulation on gallbladder carcinoma cell migration could be rescued by Akt activation. Consistent with this, addition of Akt inhibitor Wortmannin markedly inhibited the migration ability of CD133-overexpressing cells. Thus, down-regulation of CD133 inhibits migration of gallbladder carcinoma cells through reducing Akt phosphorylation. These findings explore the fundamental biological aspect of CD133 in gallbladder carcinoma progression, providing insights into gallbladder carcinoma cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhen
- Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilong Ai
- Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Andrén-Sandberg Å. Molecular biology of gallbladder cancer: potential clinical implications. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 4:435-41. [PMID: 23112962 PMCID: PMC3482772 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a common malignancy of the biliary tract and involves the changes in multiple oncogenes and multiple genetic genes. Since over the past decade there has been an advance in the knowledge of the genetic basis of cancer, mainly as a result of the rapid progression of molecular technology; however, conventional therapeutic approaches have not had much impact on the course of this aggressive neoplasm. Knowledge of the molecular biology of GBC is rapidly growing. Genetic alterations in GBC include adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter ABCG8, membrane-bound enzyme ADAM-17 of multi-functional gene family, and other genes including p53, COX2, XPC, and RASSF1A. The advances in molecular biology have potential implications for the detection of this disease, using Synuclein-gamma, Syndecan-1, glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72), tumor endothelial marker 8 protein (TEM8) and TNF-alpha. The use of these molecular diagnostic methods is of clinical importance for the gene replacement therapy, genetic prodrug activation therapy, and antisense immunology technology for the treatment of malignancy. The author reviewed recent publications on PubMed, and summarized molecular biology of GBC, with an emphasis on features of potential clinical implications for diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åke Andrén-Sandberg
- Department of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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