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Liu M, Xu C, Qin X, Liu W, Li D, Jia H, Gao X, Wu Y, Wu Q, Xu X, Xing B, Jiang X, Lu H, Zhang Y, Ding H, Zhao Q. DHW-221, a Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor, Overcomes Multidrug Resistance by Targeting P-Glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) and Akt-Mediated FOXO3a Nuclear Translocation in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:873649. [PMID: 35646704 PMCID: PMC9137409 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.873649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is considered as a primary hindrance for paclitaxel failure in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, in which P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is overexpressed and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is dysregulated. Previously, we designed and synthesized DHW-221, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, which exerts a remarkable antitumor potency in NSCLC cells, but its effects and underlying mechanisms in resistant NSCLC cells remain unknown. Here, we reported for the first time that DHW-221 had favorable antiproliferative activity and suppressed cell migration and invasion in A549/Taxol cells in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, DHW-221 acted as a P-gp inhibitor via binding to P-gp, which resulted in decreased P-gp expression and function. A mechanistic study revealed that the DHW-221-induced FOXO3a nuclear translocation via Akt inhibition was involved in mitochondrial apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest only in A549/Taxol cells and not in A549 cells. Interestingly, we observed that high-concentration DHW-221 reinforced the pro-paraptotic effect via stimulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Additionally, intragastrically administrated DHW-221 generated superior potency without obvious toxicity via FOXO3a nuclear translocation in an orthotopic A549/Taxol tumor mouse model. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that DHW-221, as a novel P-gp inhibitor, represents a prospective therapeutic candidate to overcome MDR in Taxol-resistant NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Liu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenwu Liu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Deping Li
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xudong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangbo Xu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Xing
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyuan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingshi Zhang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huaiwei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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RBM47/SNHG5/FOXO3 axis activates autophagy and inhibits cell proliferation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:270. [PMID: 35338124 PMCID: PMC8956740 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the main type of thyroid carcinoma. Despite the good prognosis, some PTC patients may deteriorate into more aggressive diseases, leading to poor survival. Molecular technology has been increasingly used in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid carcinoma. In this study, we identified that RNA Binding Motif Protein 47 (RBM47) was downregulated in PTC tissues and cells, and overexpression of RBM47 could activate autophagy and inhibit proliferation in PTC cells. RBM47 promotes but can not bind directly to Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3). FOXO3 activates Autophagy Related Gene 3 (ATG3), ATG5, and RBM47 to form a loop and promote autophagy. RBM47 can bind directly to and stabilized lncRNA Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 5 (SNHG5) to inhibit PTC cells proliferation and activate autophagy in vitro and in vivo. SNHG5 inhibits ubiquitination and degradation of FOXO3 by recruiting Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 21 (USP21), then promotes the translocation of FOXO3 from cytoplasm to nucleus. Our study revealed the regulatory mechanism of RBM47/SNHG5/FOXO3 axis on cell proliferation and autophagy in PTC, which may provide valuable insight for the treatment of PTC.
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Blocking C-Raf alleviated high-dose small-volume radiation-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition in mice lung. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11158. [PMID: 32636458 PMCID: PMC7341876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop a potential druggable target for lung injury after SABR through the small animal model. Utilising the model, a radiation dose of 70 Gy or 90 Gy was focally (small volume) delivered to the left lung of mice. The highly expressed phosphorylation form of C-Raf was discovered through a protein array experiment, with the protein being extracted from the area of radiated mouse lung tissue, and was confirmed by IHC and western blot. C-Raf activation, along with morphological change and EMT (Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition) marker expression, was observed after radiation to the mouse type II alveolar cell line MLE-12. C-Raf inhibitor GW5074 was able to reverse the EMT in cells effectively, and was found to be dependent on Twist1 expression. In the animal experiment, pretreatment of GW5074 alleviated EMT and lung injury after 70 Gy radiation was focally delivered to the lung of mice. Conclusively, these results demonstrate that C-Raf inhibitor GW5074 inhibits high-dose small-volume radiation-induced EMT via the C-Raf/Twist1 signalling pathway in mice. Therefore, pharmacological C-Raf inhibitors may be used effectively as inhibitors of SABR-induced lung fibrosis.
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Sang Y, Chen B, Song X, Li Y, Liang Y, Han D, Zhang N, Zhang H, Liu Y, Chen T, Li C, Wang L, Zhao W, Yang Q. circRNA_0025202 Regulates Tamoxifen Sensitivity and Tumor Progression via Regulating the miR-182-5p/FOXO3a Axis in Breast Cancer. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1638-1652. [PMID: 31153828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is the most commonly used endocrine therapy for patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer. Despite its initial therapeutic efficacy, many patients eventually develop drug resistance, which remains a serious clinical challenge. To investigate roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in tamoxifen resistance, a tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 cell line was established and screened for its circRNA expression profile by RNA sequencing. hsa_circ_0025202, a circRNA that was significantly downregulated, was selected for further investigation. Using a large cohort of clinical specimens, we found that hsa_circ_0025202 exhibited low expression in cancer tissues and was negatively correlated with lymphatic metastasis and histological grade. Gain- and loss-of-function assays indicated that hsa_circ_0025202 could inhibit cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration and increase cell apoptosis and sensitivity to tamoxifen. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays verified that hsa_circ_0025202 could act as a miRNA sponge for miR-182-5p and further regulate the expression and activity of FOXO3a. Functional studies revealed that tumor inhibition and tamoxifen sensitization effects of hsa_circ_0025202 were achieved via the miR-182-5p/FOXO3a axis. Moreover, in vivo experiments confirmed that hsa_circ_0025202 could suppress tumor growth and enhance tamoxifen efficacy. Taken together, hsa_circ_0025202 served an anti-oncogenic role in HR-positive breast cancer, and it could be exploited as a novel marker for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojin Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dianwen Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Zhang X, Sheng X, Miao T, Yao K, Yao D. Effect of insulin on thyroid cell proliferation, tumor cell migration, and potentially related mechanisms. Endocr Res 2019; 44:55-70. [PMID: 30260725 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2018.1522641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes has recently been identified as a risk factor for a variety of cancers, possibly due to hyperinsulinemia or exogenous insulin use. Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and its incidence has been exponentially increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. The aim of this study was to establish whether insulin use affects thyroid cancer development and progression, specifically cell proliferation and migration in vitro. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effects of the insulin agents most commonly used in the clinic, regular human insulin (HI) and insulin glargine (IG), on the proliferation and migration of thyroid cells. RESULTS Both HI and IG affected the thyroid cells in a dose-dependent manner and at high concentrations significantly promoted thyroid cell proliferation and tumor cell migration. The promoting effect might be elicited by activation of the insulin receptor and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and through the downstream Akt-signaling pathway, which inhibits the activity of the tumor-suppressor FoxO3a. In particular, MAPK-signaling cascades were activated in papillary thyroid carcinoma cell-1 cells but not in follicular rat thyroid-5 cells. CONCLUSION The in vitro evidence demonstrated that HI and IG can promote thyroid cell proliferation and tumor cell migration at supraphysiological concentrations, but the effect was not significant at low concentrations. Whether high-dose insulins could affect diabetic patients with thyroid cancer or undetected (pre)cancerous lesions needs further in vivo study. ABBREVIATIONS HI: human regular insulin; IG: insulin glargine; IR: insulin receptor; IGF-1R: insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor; Akt: protein kinase B (PKB); MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; FoxO3a: the forkhead box-containing protein: class O 3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxia Zhang
- a Department of Geriatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Xiaoli Sheng
- b Department of Obstetrics , The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Tingru Miao
- c ECG Functional Department , Zhejiang Province People's Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Kannan Yao
- d The Second Central Laboratory , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Dingguo Yao
- e Department of Endocrinology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
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Mao C, Liu H, Chen P, Ye J, Teng L, Jia Z, Cao J. Cell-specific expression of artificial microRNAs targeting essential genes exhibit potent antitumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5707-19. [PMID: 25691059 PMCID: PMC4467396 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve specific and potent antitumor effect of hepatocyte carcinoma cells, replication defective adenoviral vectors, namely rAd/AFP-amiRG, rAd/AFP-amiRE and rAd/AFP-amiRP, were constructed which were armed with artificial microRNAs (amiRs) targeting essential functional genes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E and DNA polymerase α respectively under the control of a recombinant promoter comprised of human α-fetoprotein enhancer and basal promoter. The AFP enhancer/promoter showed specific high transcription activity in AFP-positive HCC cells Hep3B, HepG2 and SMMC7721, while low in AFP-negative cell Bcap37. All artificial microRNAs exhibited efficient knockdown of target genes. Decreased ATP production and protein synthesis was observed in rAd/AFP-amiRG and rAd/AFP-amiRE treated HCC cells. All three recombinant adenoviruses showed efficient blockage of cell cycle progression and significant suppression of HCC cells in vitro. In nude mice model bearing Hep3B xenograft, administration of rAd/AFP-amiRG showed potent antitumor effect. The strategy of tumor-specific knockdown of genes essential for cell survival and proliferation may suggest a novel promising approach for HCC gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Mao
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Sir Run Run Shaw Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jingjia Ye
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Liu MH, Lin XL, Li J, He J, Tan TP, Wu SJ, Yu S, Chen L, Liu J, Tian W, Chen YD, Fu HY, Yuan C, Zhang Y. Resveratrol induces apoptosis through modulation of the Akt/FoxO3a/Bim pathway in HepG2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1689-94. [PMID: 26709007 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound found in wine, which is mainly produced by the grapevine and exerts chemopreventive effects against hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained to be fully elucidated. The present study assessed whether resveratrol-induced apoptosis was mediated via the activation of the forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) transcription factor. It was demonstrated that resveratrol treatment induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells, and that this pro-apoptotic effect was accompanied with increases in the expression of apoptotic protein Bim. Following resveratrol treatment, Akt-mediated phosphorylation of FoxO3a was observed to be diminished in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, resveratrol enhanced the nuclear levels of FoxO3a and mediated neuronal death via Bim. The present study demonstrated that resveratrol induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through activation of the transcription factor FoxO3a and increasing the expression of Bim protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hua Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Lin
- Department of Pathology, The Third People's Hospital of Huizhou Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, BoAi Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Ping Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Dan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yun Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Cong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mawangdui Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410016, P.R. China
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Ananda Sadagopan SK, Mohebali N, Looi CY, Hasanpourghadi M, Pandurangan AK, Arya A, Karimian H, Mustafa MR. Forkhead Box Transcription Factor (FOXO3a) mediates the cytotoxic effect of vernodalin in vitro and inhibits the breast tumor growth in vivo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:147. [PMID: 26643256 PMCID: PMC4672543 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Natural compounds have been demonstrated to lower breast cancer risk and sensitize tumor cells to anticancer therapies. Recently, we demonstrated that vernodalin (the active constituent of the medicinal herb Centratherum anthelminticum seeds) induces apoptosis in breast cancer cell-lines. The aim of this work was to gain an insight into the underlying anticancer mechanism of vernodalin using in vitro and in vivo model. Methods Vernodalin was isolated through the bioassay guided fractionation from the seeds. The protein expression of p-Akt, PI3K, FOXO3a, Bim, p27kip1, cyclinD1, and cyclinE was examined by the Western blot analysis. Immunoprecipitation assays were performed to analyse Akt kinase activity. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to study the role of FOXO3a upregulation and their targets during vernodalin treatment. Immunofluorescence, subcellular localisation of FOXO3a by Western blot was performed to analyse FOXO3a localisation in nucleus of breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of PCNA, Ki67, p27kip1, FOXO3a and p-FOXO3a in the LA7-induced mammary gland tumor model was performed. Results Our results showed that vernodalin regulates cancer cell apoptosis through activation of FOXO transcription factors and its downstream targets (Bim, p27Kip1, p21Waf1/cip1, cyclin D1, cyclin E) as examined by Western blots. Furthermore, we showed that FOXO3a/PI3K-Akt played a significant role in vernodalin induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Immunoprecipitation assays showed Akt kinase activity was downregulated. Immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation and Western blot showed FOXO3a accumulation in the nucleus of breast cancer cells after vernodalin treatment. Silencing of FOXO3a protected breast cancer cells against vernodalin induced apoptosis. The anti-tumor action of vernodalin was further confirmed by examining cell proliferative markers, PCNA and Ki67 in the LA7-induced mammary gland tumor model. We also corroborated our findings in vivo by showing upregulation of p27Kip1, FOXO3a and decrease in the p-FOXO3a level in vernodalin-treated breast tumor tissue. Conclusions Our results suggest that PI3K-Akt/FOXOa pathway is a critical mediator of vernodalin-induced cytotoxicity and this compound could be further developed as a potential chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0266-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Ananda Sadagopan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. .,Department of Biochemistry, Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India.
| | - Nooshin Mohebali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mohadeseh Hasanpourghadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Hamed Karimian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
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Choi YS, Song JE, Kong BS, Hong JW, Novelli S, Lee EJ. The Role of Foxo3 in Leydig Cells. Yonsei Med J 2015; 56:1590-6. [PMID: 26446641 PMCID: PMC4630047 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.6.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Foxo3 in female reproduction has been reported to regulate proliferation of granulose cells that form follicles. There are no reports so far that discuss on the role of Foxo3 in males. This study was designed to outline the role of Foxo3 in the testes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Testes from mice at birth to postpartum week (PPW) 5 were isolated and examined for the expression of Foxo3 using immunostaining. To elucidate role of Foxo3 in Leydig cells, R2C cells were treated with luteinizing hormone (LH) and the phosphorylation of Foxo3. Testosterone and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein levels were measured after constitutive active [triple mutant (TM)] human FOXO3 adenovirus was transduced and StAR promoter assay was performed. RESULTS Foxo3 expression in the testicles started from birth and lasted until PPW 3. After PPW 3, most Foxo3 expression occurred in the nuclei of Leydig cells; however, at PPW 5, Foxo3 was expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. When R2C cells were treated with luteinizing hormone, Foxo3 phosphorylation levels by AKT increased. After blocking the PI3K pathway, LH-induced phosphorylated Foxo3 levels decreased, indicating that LH signaling regulates Foxo3 localization. When active FOXO3-TM adenovirus was introduced into a Leydig tumor cell line, the concentrations of testosterone and StAR protein decreased. When FOXO3 and a StAR promoter vector were co-transfected into HEK293 cells for a reporter assay, FOXO3 inhibited the StAR promoter. CONCLUSION FOXO3 affects testosterone synthesis by inhibiting the formation of StAR protein. LH hormone, meanwhile, influences Foxo3 localization, mediating its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Suk Choi
- Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Eun Song
- Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kong
- Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Won Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Silvia Novelli
- Endocrinology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Activation of protein kinase CK2 attenuates FOXO3a functioning in a PML-dependent manner: implications in human prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e543. [PMID: 23492774 PMCID: PMC3613841 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 (also known as Caseine Kinase II) is an ubiquitous Ser/Thr protein kinase present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells, targeting several key enzymes, growth factor receptors, transcription factors and cytoskeletal proteins. It is not only a key player in regulating cellular growth and proliferation, but also behaves as a potent suppressor of apoptosis. CK2 has been frequently found to be deregulated (mostly hyperactivated) in all cancers, prostate cancer being prominent of them. In the recent past, tumor suppressor PML (promyelocytic leukemia) has been shown to be a target of phosphorylation by CK2. This phosphorylation promotes the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of PML thereby effectively curbing its role as a tumor suppressor. Among many others, PML has also been established to mediate its tumor suppressive role by mitigating the inactivation of active AKT (pAKT) inside the nucleus by assembling a dephosphorylating platform for nuclear pAKT. One of the immediate consequences, of this inactivation is the stabilization of FOXO3a, another well-established tumor suppressor, inside the nucleus and its downstream activities. Here, we propose a novel signaling axis apexed by deregulated CK2, dismantling the association of PML and PHLPP2 (we also report PHLPP2 to be a novel interacting partner of PML inside the nucleus), ultimately leading to the inactivation and nuclear exclusion of FOXO3a, thereby downregulating p21/p27/Bim in which degradation of PML and the concomitant stabilization of pAKT plays a cardinal part.
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Liang C, Chen W, Zhi X, Ma T, Xia X, Liu H, Zhang Q, Hu Q, Zhang Y, Bai X, Liang T. Serotonin promotes the proliferation of serum-deprived hepatocellular carcinoma cells via upregulation of FOXO3a. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:14. [PMID: 23418729 PMCID: PMC3601970 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral serotonin is involved in tumorigenesis and induces a pro-proliferative effect in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells; however, the intracellular mechanisms by which serotonin exerts a mitogenic effect remain unclear. In this research, we examined whether FOXO3a, a transcription factor at the interface of crucial cellular processes, plays a role downstream of serotonin in HCC cells. Results The cell viability and expression of FOXO3a was assessed in three HCC cell lines (Huh7, HepG2 and Hep3B) during serum deprivation in the presence or absence of serotonin. Serum free media significantly inhibited HCC proliferation and led to reduced expression and nuclear accumulation of FOXO3a. Knockdown of FOXO3a enhanced the ability of serum deprivation to inhibit HCC cells proliferation. And overexpression of non-phosphorylated FOXO3a in HCC cells reversed serum-deprivation-induced growth inhibition. Serotonin reversed the serum-deprivation-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and upregulated FOXO3a in Huh7 cells; however, serotonin had no effect on the proliferation of serum-deprived HepG2 or Hep3B cells. In addition to proliferation, serotonin also induced phosphorylation of AKT and FOXO3a in serum-deprived Huh7 cells but not in HepG2 and Hep3B cells. However, the phosphorylation of FOXO3a induced by serotonin did not export FOXO3a from nucleus to cytoplasm in serum-deprived Huh7 cells. Consequently, we demonstrated that serotonin promoted the proliferation of Huh7 cells by increasing the expression of FOXO3a. We also provide preliminary evidence that different expression levels of the 5-HT2B receptor (5-HT2BR) may contribute to the distinct effects of serotonin in different serum-deprived HCC cells. Conclusions This study demonstrates that FOXO3a functions as a growth factor in serum-deprived HCC cells and serotonin promotes the proliferation of serum-deprived HCC cells via upregulation of FOXO3a, in the presence of sufficient levels of the serotonin receptor 5-HT2BR. Drugs targeting the serotonin-5-HT2BR-FOXO3a pathway may provide a novel target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liang
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Carbajo-Pescador S, Steinmetz C, Kashyap A, Lorenz S, Mauriz JL, Heise M, Galle PR, González-Gallego J, Strand S. Melatonin induces transcriptional regulation of Bim by FoxO3a in HepG2 cells. Br J Cancer 2012; 108:442-9. [PMID: 23257900 PMCID: PMC3566813 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Melatonin induces apoptosis in many different cancer cell lines, including hepatocellular carcinoma cells. However, the responsible pathways have not been clearly elucidated. A member of the forkhead transcription factors' family, FoxO3a, has been implicated in the expression of the proapoptotic protein Bim (a Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death). In this study, we used human HepG2 liver cancer cells as an in vitro model to investigate whether melatonin treatment induces Bim through regulation by the transcription factor FoxO3a. Methods: Cytotoxicity of melatonin was compared in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells and primary human hepatocytes. Proapoptotic Bim expression was analysed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Reporter gene assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to analyse whether FoxO3a transactivates the Bim promoter. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to study the role of FoxO3a in Bim expression. Immunofluorescence was performed to analyse FoxO3a localisation in HepG2 cells. Results: Melatonin treatment induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells, but not in primary human hepatocytes. The proapoptotic effect was mediated by increased expression of the BH3-only protein Bim. During melatonin treatment, we observed increased transcriptional activity of the forkhead-responsive element and could demonstrate that FoxO3a binds to a specific sequence within the Bim promoter. Furthermore, melatonin reduced phosphorylation of FoxO3a at Thr32 and Ser253, and induced its increased nuclear localisation. Moreover, silencing experiments with FoxO3a siRNA prevented Bim upregulation. Conclusion: This study shows that melatonin can induce apoptosis in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells through the upregulation of proapoptotic Bim mediated by nuclear translocation and activation of the transcription factor FoxO3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carbajo-Pescador
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) and Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain
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Karube K, Tsuzuki S, Yoshida N, Arita K, Liu F, Kondo E, Ko YH, Ohshima K, Nakamura S, Kinoshita T, Seto M. Lineage-specific growth inhibition of NK cell lines by FOXO3 in association with Akt activation status. Exp Hematol 2012; 40:1005-1015.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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HU HONGJUN, ZHANG LIGUO, WANG ZHENHUA, GUO XIXI. FoxO6 inhibits cell proliferation in lung carcinoma through up-regulation of USP7. Mol Med Rep 2012; 12:575-80. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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