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Siragusa G, Tomasello L, Giordano C, Pizzolanti G. Survivin (BIRC5): Implications in cancer therapy. Life Sci 2024; 350:122788. [PMID: 38848940 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Inhibitors of Apoptosis proteins (IAPs) were discovered through experiments aimed at rescuing apoptosis in insects. Classically associated with the inhibition of apoptosis, the IAP member Survivin also regulates cell cycle progression and is an essential component of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC), responsible for chromosomal segregation. Although undetectable in most adult tissues, Survivin is expressed in Adult Stem Cells (ASCs) and plays a crucial role in their maintenance. Survivin is overexpressed in most cancers, contributing to their clonal expansion. As a result, it has been proposed as a possible anticancer target for nearly two decades. In this discussion, we will explore the rationale behind Survivin as a therapeutic target, focusing on common cancer types such as carcinomas, sarcomas, and leukemias. We will delve into the modulation of Survivin by cancer pro-survival cell signaling, the association between SNPs and tumorigenesis, and its regulation by miRNAs. Finally, we will compare cell growth, clonogenic capacity, and apoptosis, along with different strategies for Survivin inhibition, including gene expression and protein activity modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Siragusa
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Tomasello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy; Advanced Technologies Network Center (ATEN Center), University of Palermo, Italy.
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Martínez-Sifuentes MA, Bassol-Mayagoitia S, Nava-Hernández MP, Ruiz-Flores P, Ramos-Treviño J, Haro-Santa Cruz J, Hernández-Ibarra JA. Survivin in Breast Cancer: A Review. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2022; 26:411-421. [PMID: 36166738 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and ranks second among causes for cancer-related death in women. Gene technology has led to the recognition that breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease composed of different biological subtypes, and genetic profiling enables the response to chemotherapy to be predicted. This fact emphasizes the importance of selecting sensitive diagnostic and prognostic markers in the early disease stage and more efficient targeted treatments for this disease. One such prognostic marker appears to be survivin. Many studies have shown that survivin is strongly expressed in different types of cancers. Its overexpression has been demonstrated in breast cancer, and high activity of the survivin gene has been associated with a poor prognosis and worse survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Antonio Martínez-Sifuentes
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Susana Bassol-Mayagoitia
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Martha P Nava-Hernández
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Pablo Ruiz-Flores
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Juan Ramos-Treviño
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Jorge Haro-Santa Cruz
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - José Anselmo Hernández-Ibarra
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
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Tsang TJ, Hsueh YC, Wei EI, Lundy DJ, Cheng B, Chen YT, Wang SS, Hsieh PC. Subcellular Localization of Survivin Determines Its Function in Cardiomyocytes. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4577-4590. [PMID: 29158846 PMCID: PMC5695150 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale:Reducing cardiomyocyte death and enhancing their proliferation after myocardial infarction is perhaps the single largest challenge for cardiac tissue regeneration. Survivin (SVV) is the smallest member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family but plays two important roles; inhibiting caspase-9 activation in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, and regulating microtubule dynamics and chromosome segregation during cell division. Genetic depletion of cardiac SVV leads to incomplete cardiomyocyte division and abnormal heart development. However, the function of SVV in adult hearts after myocardial infarction remains unclear. Methods: A homozygous inducible cardiomyocyte-specific SVV knockout transgenic mouse model was established through crossbreeding SVVflox/flox and αMHC-MCM transgenic mice. Adult mice received consecutive intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen to induce genetic removal of SVV in cardiomyocytes. A SVV overexpressing model was established via local delivery of SVV in wild-type mouse hearts. Results: We found that 30.82% of cardiomyocytes in the peri-infarct region of SVV knockout mice were apoptotic, significantly higher than the 22.18% in control mice. In addition, ejection fraction was 29.00±0.40% in knockout mice compared to 38.04±0.50% in control mice 21 days after myocardial infarction. On the contrary, locally overexpressing SVV in the heart improved cardiac functions. Unexpectedly, we found that altering the subcellular localization of SVV overexpression produced different outcomes. Overexpression of SVV in the cytoplasm decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, whereas overexpression of SVV in the nucleus enhanced cardiac regeneration. The ejection fraction of mice overexpressing SVV was 36.58±0.91%, significantly higher than 28.18±1.70% in the GFP control group. Apoptotic cardiomyocytes were only 4.63% in mouse overexpressing cytosolic SVV, compared to 9.31% in the GFP group, and activation of caspase-3 was also reduced. Moreover, mice overexpressing NLS-SVV exhibited a better ejection fraction (36.19±1.02%,) than GFP controls (26.69±0.75%). NLS-SVV enhanced H3P-positive cardiomyocytes in the border zone to 0.28%, compared to only 0.08% in GFP group, through interacting with Aurora B. Conclusions:We demonstrate the importance of SVV subcellular localization in regulating post-MI cardiac repair and regeneration. We hope that this will open new translational approaches through targeted delivery of SVV.
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Gaytan-Cervantes J, Gonzalez-Torres C, Maldonado V, Zampedri C, Ceballos-Cancino G, Melendez-Zajgla J. Protein Sam68 regulates the alternative splicing of survivin DEx3. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13745-13757. [PMID: 28655776 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.800318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA alternative splicing (AS) regulates the expression of a variety of genes involved in both physiological and pathological processes. AS of the anti-apoptotic and proliferation-associated survivin (BIRC5) gene generates six isoforms, which regulate key aspects of cancer initiation and progression. One of the isoforms is survivin DEx3, in which the exclusion of exon 3 generates a unique carboxyl terminus with specific anti-apoptotic functions. This isoform is highly expressed in advanced stages of breast and cervical tumors. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate survivin DEx3 mRNA AS is clearly important. To this end, we designed a minigene (M), and in combination with a series of deletions and site-directed mutations, we determined that the first 22 bp of exon 3 contain cis-acting elements that enhance the exclusion of exon 3 to generate the survivin DEx3 mRNA isoform. Furthermore, using pulldown assays, we discovered that Sam68 is a possible trans-acting factor that binds to this region and regulates exon 3 splicing. This result was corroborated using a cell line in which the Sam68 binding site in the survivin gene was mutated with the CRISPR/Cas system. This work provides the first clues regarding the regulation of survivin DEx3 mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vilma Maldonado
- Epigenetics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
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Giverso C, Ciarletta P. On the morphological stability of multicellular tumour spheroids growing in porous media. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2016; 39:92. [PMID: 27726037 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2016-16092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTSs) are extensively used as in vitro system models for investigating the avascular growth phase of solid tumours. In this work, we propose a continuous growth model of heterogeneous MCTSs within a porous material, taking into account a diffusing nutrient from the surrounding material directing both the proliferation rate and the mobility of tumour cells. At the time scale of interest, the MCTS behaves as an incompressible viscous fluid expanding inside a porous medium. The cell motion and proliferation rate are modelled using a non-convective chemotactic mass flux, driving the cell expansion in the direction of the external nutrients' source. At the early stages, the growth dynamics is derived by solving the quasi-stationary problem, obtaining an initial exponential growth followed by an almost linear regime, in accordance with experimental observations. We also perform a linear-stability analysis of the quasi-static solution in order to investigate the morphological stability of the radially symmetric growth pattern. We show that mechano-biological cues, as well as geometric effects related to the size of the MCTS subdomains with respect to the diffusion length of the nutrient, can drive a morphological transition to fingered structures, thus triggering the formation of complex shapes that might promote tumour invasiveness. The results also point out the formation of a retrograde flow in the MCTS close to the regions where protrusions form, that could describe the initial dynamics of metastasis detachment from the in vivo tumour mass. In conclusion, the results of the proposed model demonstrate that the integration of mathematical tools in biological research could be crucial for better understanding the tumour's ability to invade its host environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giverso
- Dipartimento di Matematica, MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 - 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ciarletta
- Dipartimento di Matematica, MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 - 20133, Milano, Italy.
- UMR 7190, Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert, CNRS and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 4 place Jussieu case 162, 75005, Paris, France.
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Salzano G, Costa DF, Sarisozen C, Luther E, Mattheolabakis G, Dhargalkar PP, Torchilin VP. Mixed Nanosized Polymeric Micelles as Promoter of Doxorubicin and miRNA-34a Co-Delivery Triggered by Dual Stimuli in Tumor Tissue. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:4837-4848. [PMID: 27432595 PMCID: PMC5157154 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dual stimuli-sensitive mixed polymeric micelles (MM) are developed for co-delivery of the endogenous tumor suppressor miRNA-34a and the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox) into cancer cells. The novelty of the system resides in two stimuli-sensitive prodrugs, a matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)-sensitive Dox conjugate and a reducing agent (glutathione, GSH)-sensitive miRNA-34a conjugate, self-assembled in a single particle decorated with a polyethylene glycol corona for longevity, and a cell-penetrating peptide (TATp) for enhanced intracellular delivery. The MMP2-sensitivity of the system results in threefold higher cytotoxicity in MMP2-overexpressing HT1080 cells compared to low MMP2-expressing MCF7 cells. Cellular internalization of Dox increases by more than 70% after inclusion of TATp to the formulation. MMP2-sensitive MM also inhibits proliferation and migration of HT1080 cells. Moreover, GSH-sensitive MM allows for an efficient downregulation of Bcl2, survivin, and notch1 (65%, 55%, and 46%, respectively) in HT1080 cells. Combination of both conjugates in dual sensitive MM reduces HT1080 cell viability to 40% and expression of Bcl2 and survivin. Finally, 50% cell death is observed in 3D models of tumor mass. The results confirm the potential of the MM to codeliver miRNA-34a and doxorubicin triggered by dual stimuli inherent of tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Salzano
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daniel F Costa
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Can Sarisozen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ed Luther
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - George Mattheolabakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pooja P Dhargalkar
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Lizarraga F, Ceballos-Cancino G, Espinosa M, Vazquez-Santillan K, Maldonado V, Melendez-Zajgla J. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4 Triggers Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135929. [PMID: 26291714 PMCID: PMC4546159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 (TIMP-4) is a member of extracellular matrix (ECM) metalloproteinases inhibitors that has pleiotropic functions. However, TIMP-4 roles in carcinogenesis are not well understood. Cell viability and flow cytometer assays were employed to evaluate cell death differences between H-Vector and H-TIMP-4 cell lines. Immunobloting and semi-quantitative RT-PCR were used to evaluate the expression of apoptosis regulators. We showed that TIMP-4 has apoptosis-sensitizing effects towards several death stimuli. Consistent with these findings, regulators of apoptosis from Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAP), FLICE-like inhibitor proteins (FLIP) and Bcl-2 family members were modulated by TIMP-4. In addition, TIMP-4 knockdown resulted in cell survival increase after serum deprivation, as assessed by clonogenic cell analyses. This report shows that TIMP-4 regulates carcinogenesis through apoptosis activation in cervical cancer cells. Understanding TIMP-4 effects in tumorigenesis may provide clues for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floria Lizarraga
- Basic Research Subdivision, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Functional Genomics Laboratory, Periferico Sur 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Del. Tlalpan. Mexico, D.F. C.P.14610, Mexico
| | - Gisela Ceballos-Cancino
- Basic Research Subdivision, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Functional Genomics Laboratory, Periferico Sur 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Del. Tlalpan. Mexico, D.F. C.P.14610, Mexico
| | - Magali Espinosa
- Basic Research Subdivision, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Functional Genomics Laboratory, Periferico Sur 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Del. Tlalpan. Mexico, D.F. C.P.14610, Mexico
| | - Karla Vazquez-Santillan
- Basic Research Subdivision, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Functional Genomics Laboratory, Periferico Sur 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Del. Tlalpan. Mexico, D.F. C.P.14610, Mexico
| | - Vilma Maldonado
- Basic Research Subdivision, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Functional Genomics Laboratory, Periferico Sur 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Del. Tlalpan. Mexico, D.F. C.P.14610, Mexico
| | - Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
- Basic Research Subdivision, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Functional Genomics Laboratory, Periferico Sur 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Del. Tlalpan. Mexico, D.F. C.P.14610, Mexico
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8
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Sah NK, Seniya C. Survivin splice variants and their diagnostic significance. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6623-31. [PMID: 26245993 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin plays a crucial role in cell division particularly during the development of the fetus, in the onset and progression of most tumors and is found expressed in a few terminally differentiated cells. Altogether, there are ten splice variants of survivin, some of which are not yet satisfactorily characterized. Several isoforms may undergo homo/heterodimerization, particularly with the wild-type survivin to elicit a variety of biological functions. The detection of survivin and its splice variants not only suggests the onset, maintenance, and progression of cancer, but also the stage of certain cancers. Recent studies demonstrate that the presence of survivin in urine and blood samples of patients may suggest urogenital and bladder cancer hematologic malignancies, respectively. The expression of the survivin-3α splice variant is indicative of the onset and progression of breast cancer. Several companies have developed cancer diagnostic kits using survivin for detection of cancer. Some are also engaged in fine-tuning the type and stage-specific diagnosis of cancer based on survivin, its splice variants with and without other markers, such as hyaluronidase. Briefly, survivin and its splice variants hold a great biological significance, particularly in the diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nand K Sah
- Department of Life Sciences (Botany), T. N. B. College, Bhagalpur (T M Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur), Bhagalpur, 812007, India.
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Pavlidou A, Kroupis C, Goutas N, Dalamaga M, Dimas K. Validation of a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method for the quantification of 3 survivin transcripts and evaluation in breast cancer tissues. Clin Breast Cancer 2013; 14:122-31. [PMID: 24325949 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin is a novel antiapoptotic gene, which is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. Recently, 3 splice variants of this gene were cloned and characterized. This study aimed to validate a sensitive and specific method for the detection of survivin variants in breast cancer. METHODS Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed on the cDNA with a reverse primer specific for each splice variant and a pair of common hybridization probes. RESULTS The expression of wild-type survivin was significantly correlated with survivin-2b, survivin-ΔEx3, and the ratio of survivin-ΔEx3 to wild-type survivin (P < .001). The ratio of survivin-2b to wild-type survivin was strongly associated with the ratio of survivin-ΔEx3 to wild-type survivin (P < .001). There was a strong positive association between the grade of the tumor and survivin-2b mRNA, survivin-ΔEx3 mRNA, and the ratio of survivin-ΔEx3 to wild-type survivin mRNA (P < .05). The ratio of survivin-2b to wild-type survivin was significantly associated with the presence of estrogen receptors (P = .05). CONCLUSION Our validated data suggest that survivin isoforms may be related to clinicopathological features and could be used as molecular prognostic tools or as new therapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Pavlidou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | - Christos Kroupis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Haidari, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Goutas
- Anatomic Pathology Laboratory, Evgenidio Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Haidari, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | - Kleanthi Dimas
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
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Necochea-Campion RD, Chen CS, Mirshahidi S, Howard FD, Wall NR. Clinico-pathologic relevance of Survivin splice variant expression in cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 339:167-74. [PMID: 23791888 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family and has multifunctional properties that include aspects of proliferation, invasion and cell survival control. Survivin is a promising candidate for targeted cancer therapy as its expression is associated with poor clinical outcome, more aggressive clinico-pathologic features, and resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. In the present review the different properties of the Survivin splice variants are discussed and their activities correlated with different aspects of cancer cell biology, to include subcellular location. Special emphasis is placed on our current understanding of these Survivin splice variants influence on each other and on the phenotypic responses to therapy that they may control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia de Necochea-Campion
- Cancer Center & Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology & Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States
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Ciarletta P. Buckling instability in growing tumor spheroids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:158102. [PMID: 25167314 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.158102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A growing tumor is subjected to intrinsic physical forces, arising from the cellular turnover in a spatially constrained environment. This work demonstrates that such residual solid stresses can provoke a buckling instability in heterogeneous tumor spheroids. The growth rate ratio between the outer shell of proliferative cells and the inner necrotic core is the control parameter of this instability. The buckled morphology is found to depend both on the elastic and the geometric properties of the tumor components, suggesting a key role of residual stresses for promoting tumor invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ciarletta
- CNRS and Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert, UMR 7190, Université Paris 6, 4 place Jussieu case 162, 75005 Paris, France and MOX-Politecnico di Milano and Fondazione CEN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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12
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Hartman ML, Czyz M. Anti-apoptotic proteins on guard of melanoma cell survival. Cancer Lett 2013; 331:24-34. [PMID: 23340174 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a pivotal role in sustaining proper tissue development and homeostasis. Evading apoptosis by cancer cells is a part of their adaption to microenvironment and therapies. Cellular integrity is predominantly maintained by pro-survival members of Bcl-2 family and IAPs. Melanoma cells are characterized by a labile and stage-dependent phenotype. Pro-survival molecules can protect melanoma cells from apoptosis and mediate other processes, thus enhancing aggressive phenotype. The essential role of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bcl-X(L), livin, survivin and XIAP was implicated for melanoma, often in a tumor stage-dependent fashion. In this review, the current knowledge of pro-survival machinery in melanoma is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz L Hartman
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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