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Emerging role of phytochemicals in targeting predictive, prognostic, and diagnostic biomarkers of lung cancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111592. [PMID: 32702507 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung-cancer is the foremost cause of cancer in humans worldwide, of which 80-85% cases are composed of non-small cell lung carcinoma. All treatment decisions depend on the pattern of biomarkers selection to enhance the response to the targeted therapies. Although advanced treatments are available for lung-cancer, the disease treatment remains not adequate. There are several synthetic chemotherapeutic agents available for the treatment of lung cancer. However, due to their toxic effect, survival rate is still 15-18%. Besides, medicinal plants are a huge reservoir of natural products that provide protective effects against lung cancer. Likewise, successful studies of potential phytochemicals in targeting lung-cancer biomarkers have created a novel paradigm for the discovery of potent drugs against lung-cancer. Hence, to defeat severe toxicity and resistance towards the synthetic drugs, detailed studies are required regarding the available phytochemicals and targets responsible for the treatment of lung-cancer. The present review provides a comprehensive information about the lung-cancer biomarkers under the classification of predictive, prognostic, and diagnostic type. Moreover, it discusses and enlists the phytochemicals with mode of action against different biomarkers, effective doses in in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, the limitations associated with usage of phytochemicals as a drug to prevent/cure lung-cancer and the latest techniques employed to overcome such issues.
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Wang XS, Ding XZ, Li XC, He Y, Kong DJ, Zhang L, Hu XC, Yang JQ, Zhao MQ, Gao SG, Lin TY, Li Y. A highly integrated precision nanomedicine strategy to target esophageal squamous cell cancer molecularly and physically. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:2103-2114. [PMID: 30047470 PMCID: PMC6648684 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is poor. We hereby presented a highly integrated and clinically relevant precision nanomedicine strategy to target ESCC molecularly and physically for significant improvement of the treatment efficacy. We firstly identified PI3K overexpression in patient samples and its relation to poor patient survival. With our highly versatile tumor-targeted drug delivery platform (DCM), we were able to load a potent but toxic docetaxel (DTX) and a PI3K inhibitor (AZD8186) with favorable physical properties. The combination of the DTX-DCM and AZD8186-DCM showed a highly efficacious and synergistic anti-tumor effect and decreased hematotoxicity. A pro-apoptotic protein, Bax was significantly upregulated in ESCC cells treated with combination therapy compared to that with monotherapy. This study utilized a highly integrated precision nano-medicine strategy that combines the identification of cancer molecular target from human patients, precision drug delivery and effective combination therapy for the development of better ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Shuai Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xue-Zhen Ding
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiao-Cen Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yixuan He
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - De-Jiu Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Meng-Qi Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - She-Gan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
| | - Tzu-Yin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Zheng YD, Bai G, Tang C, Ke CQ, Yao S, Tong LJ, Feng F, Li Y, Ding J, Xie H, Ye Y. 7α,8α-Epoxynagilactones and their glucosides from the twigs of Podocarpus nagi: Isolation, structures, and cytotoxic activities. Fitoterapia 2018; 125:174-183. [PMID: 29355751 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of twigs of Podocarpus nagi resulted in the identification of eight new type B nagilactones (1-8), all bearing a 7α,8α-epoxy-9(11)-enolide substructure, along with two known analogs (9-10). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including HRESIMS, IR and NMR experiments, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. In vitro cytotoxic assay exhibited that compounds 1, 2, 9 and 10 could induce antiproliferation against three different types of human cancer cells while compounds 3 and 5 were inactive. Notably, the IC50 value of compound 1 is 0.208μM for A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells, reaching the same level as the positive control combretastatin A-4 (0.104μM). Furthermore, compound 1 performed a strong inhibition of cancer cells by triggering apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at G1 phase. These results unfold potential anticancer therapeutic applications of type B nagilactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Dong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Qiang Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Jiang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China.
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Caiola E, Frapolli R, Tomanelli M, Valerio R, Iezzi A, Garassino MC, Broggini M, Marabese M. Wee1 inhibitor MK1775 sensitizes KRAS mutated NSCLC cells to sorafenib. Sci Rep 2018; 8:948. [PMID: 29343688 PMCID: PMC5772438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is a poorly chemosensitive tumor and targeted therapies are only used for about 15% of patients where a specific driving and druggable lesion is observed (EGFR, ALK, ROS). KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated genes in NSCLC and patients harboring these mutations do not benefit from specific treatments. Sorafenib, a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was proposed as a potentially active drug in KRAS-mutated NSCLC patients, but clinical trials results were not conclusive. Here we show that the NSCLC cells’ response to sorafenib depends on the type of KRAS mutation. KRAS G12V cells respond less to sorafenib than the wild-type counterpart, in vitro and in vivo. To overcome this resistance, we used high-throughput screening with a siRNA library directed against 719 human kinases, and Wee1 was selected as a sorafenib response modulator. Inhibition of Wee1 by its specific inhibitor MK1775 in combination with sorafenib restored the KRAS mutated cells’ response to the multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This combination of the Wee1 inhibitor with sorafenib, if confirmed in models with different genetic backgrounds, might be worth investigating further as a new strategy for KRAS mutated NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Caiola
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Frapolli
- Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Tomanelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Valerio
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Iezzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Marina C Garassino
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Broggini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Marabese
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy.
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Wang Y, Rong J, Zhang J, Liu Y, Meng X, Guo H, Liu H, Chen L. Morphology, in vivo distribution and antitumor activity of bexarotene nanocrystals in lung cancer. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 43:132-141. [PMID: 27588517 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1225752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the morphology, biodistribution and antitumor activity of bexarotene nanocrystals delivery system. The morphology was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscope and bexarotene nanocrystals exhibited the advantages of making the efficacy more steady and durable compared with control group in lung with less cardiac accumulation as shown by biodistribution studies in vivo. In addition, MTT assay, flow cytometry analysis, observation of morphological changes and apoptotic body demonstrated that bexarotene nanocrystals could significantly enhance the in vitro cytotoxicity and induced G1 cycle arrest and apoptosis against A549 cells. Also, bexarotene nanocrystals had significant antitumor activity in mice bearing A549 cell line. This finding was correlated with both in vitro and in vivo. Thereby, the overall results suggest that the bexarotene nanocrystals represent a potential source of medicine, which made bexarotene nanocrystals a promising candidate for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Wang
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , Jinan , 250012 , P.R. China
| | - Jinghong Rong
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University , Shenyang , 110036 , P.R. China
| | - Jiaozhen Zhang
- c Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , Jinan , 250012 , P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University , Shenyang , 110036 , P.R. China
| | - Xuelian Meng
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University , Shenyang , 110036 , P.R. China
| | - Hejian Guo
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , Jinan , 250012 , P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- d Research Center for Computer Simulating and Information Processing of Bio-macromolecules of Liaoning Province , Shenyang , 110036 , P.R. China
| | - Lijiang Chen
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University , Shenyang , 110036 , P.R. China.,d Research Center for Computer Simulating and Information Processing of Bio-macromolecules of Liaoning Province , Shenyang , 110036 , P.R. China
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6
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A significant response to sorafenib in a woman with advanced lung adenocarcinoma and a BRAF non-V600 mutation. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 26:1004-7. [PMID: 26237499 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma includes recurrent activating oncogenic mutations (EGFR, EML4-ALK, ROS1) that have been associated with response to EGFR and ALK inhibitors. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard therapy for non-oncodrivers population. Sorafenib is a small molecule that blocks the activation of C-RAF, B-RAF, c-KIT, FLT-3, RET, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 and PDGFR approved for advanced renal cell and hepatocellular carcinoma (b, c). Many studies have evaluated sorafenib in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with different results. We present a case report of a patient with NSCLC and the BRAF G469R mutation who showed a dramatic response to sorafenib.
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7
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Puvvada N, Rajput S, Kumar BNP, Sarkar S, Konar S, Brunt KR, Rao RR, Mazumdar A, Das SK, Basu R, Fisher PB, Mandal M, Pathak A. Novel ZnO hollow-nanocarriers containing paclitaxel targeting folate-receptors in a malignant pH-microenvironment for effective monitoring and promoting breast tumor regression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11760. [PMID: 26145450 PMCID: PMC4491843 DOI: 10.1038/srep11760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low pH in the tumor micromilieu is a recognized pathological feature of cancer. This attribute of cancerous cells has been targeted herein for the controlled release of chemotherapeutics at the tumour site, while sparing healthy tissues. To this end, pH-sensitive, hollow ZnO-nanocarriers loaded with paclitaxel were synthesized and their efficacy studied in breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. The nanocarriers were surface functionalized with folate using click-chemistry to improve targeted uptake by the malignant cells that over-express folate-receptors. The nanocarriers released ~75% of the paclitaxel payload within six hours in acidic pH, which was accompanied by switching of fluorescence from blue to green and a 10-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity. The fluorescence-switching phenomenon is due to structural collapse of the nanocarriers in the endolysosome. Energy dispersion X-ray mapping and whole animal fluorescent imaging studies were carried out to show that combined pH and folate-receptor targeting reduces off-target accumulation of the nanocarriers. Further, a dual cell-specific and pH-sensitive nanocarrier greatly improved the efficacy of paclitaxel to regress subcutaneous tumors in vivo. These nanocarriers could improve chemotherapy tolerance and increase anti-tumor efficacy, while also providing a novel diagnostic read-out through fluorescent switching that is proportional to drug release in malignant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaprasad Puvvada
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Shashi Rajput
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - B N Prashanth Kumar
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Siddik Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine; Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Suraj Konar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Raj R Rao
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23238, USA
| | - Abhijit Mazumdar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention and Systems Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine; Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23238, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23238, USA
| | - Ranadhir Basu
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine; Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23238, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23238, USA
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Amita Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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D'Arcangelo M, D'Incecco A, Cappuzzo F. Rare mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer. Future Oncol 2013; 9:699-711. [PMID: 23647298 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, new insights in molecular biology have changed the therapeutic landscape of non-small-cell lung cancer. Since 2004, when activating mutations of the EGFR were firstly identified, several genetic aberrations have been discovered, mainly in adenocarcinoma. EGFR mutations are a relatively frequent event in non-small-cell lung cancer, generally consisting of exon 19 deletion or exon 21 substitution. In adenocarcinoma, additional rare mutations are detectable in the EGFR gene, as well as in other genes, including ALK, ROS1, RET, HER2 and BRAF. Recent studies in squamous cell carcinoma identified TP53 as the most frequent mutation, followed by additional more rare mutations, including PI3KCA, PTEN, DDR2 and FGFR. The aim of the present review is to analyze the potential prognostic and predictive role of rare mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolo D'Arcangelo
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Zhang XH, Cheng Y, Shin JY, Kim JO, Oh JE, Kang JH. A CDK4/6 inhibitor enhances cytotoxicity of paclitaxel in lung adenocarcinoma cells harboring mutant KRAS as well as wild-type KRAS. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 14:597-605. [PMID: 23792647 PMCID: PMC3742489 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.24592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The KRAS gain-of-function mutation confers intrinsic resistance to targeted anti-cancer drugs and cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, ultimately leading to treatment failure. KRAS mutation frequency in lung adenocarcinoma is ~15–30%. Novel therapeutic strategies should be developed to improve clinical outcomes in these cases. Deregulation of the p16/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway is frequently observed in various cancers and it represents an attractive therapeutic target. We compared the anti-tumor efficacy of genetically knocked-down CDK4 and a pharmacological inhibitor of CDK4/6, CINK4, in KRAS mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma cells. We also investigated changes in anti-proliferative activity and downstream molecules with these treatments in combination with paclitaxel. CDK4 short interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly increased paclitaxel sensitivity in KRAS mutation-positive H23 cells. CINK4 demonstrated concentration- and time-dependent anti-proliferative activity in 5 adenocarcinoma lines. CINK4 induced G1 arrest by downregulating the p16/cyclin D1/Rb pathway, resulting in apoptotic induction via increased expression of cleaved caspase3, cleaved PARP and Bax. Combined CINK4 and paclitaxel produced synergistic anti-proliferative activity and increased apoptosis through reduced cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 in KRAS mutation-positive cancer cells. These data suggest CDK4 is a promising target for development of anti-cancer drugs and CINK4 combined with paclitaxel may be an effective therapeutic strategy for enhancing anti-tumor efficacy in KRAS mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma.
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Ilie M, Long E, Hofman V, Dadone B, Marquette C, Mouroux J, Vignaud J, Begueret H, Merlio J, Capper D, von Deimling A, Emile J, Hofman P. Diagnostic value of immunohistochemistry for the detection of the BRAF mutation in primary lung adenocarcinoma Caucasian patients. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:742-8. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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11
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Tseng SC, Huang YC, Chen HJ, Chiu HC, Huang YJ, Wo TY, Weng SH, Lin YW. Metformin-mediated downregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent excision repair cross-complementing 1 decreases DNA repair capacity and sensitizes human lung cancer cells to paclitaxel. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:583-94. [PMID: 23228696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, an extensively used and well-tolerated drug for treating individuals with type 2 diabetes, has recently gained significant attention as an anticancer drug. On the other hand, paclitaxel (Taxol) is a new antineoplastic drug that has shown promise in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). High expression levels of excision repair cross-complementary 1 (ERCC1) in cancers have been positively associated with the DNA repair capacity and a poor prognosis in NSCLC patients treated with platinum-containing chemotherapy. In this current study, paclitaxel was found to increase phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase 3/6 (MKK3/6)-p38 MAPK as well as protein and mRNA levels of ERCC1 in H1650 and H1703 cells. Moreover, paclitaxel-induced ERCC1 protein and mRNA levels significantly decreased via the downregulation of p38 activity by either a p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 or p38 knockdown with specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). Specific inhibition of ERCC1 with siRNA was found to enhance the paclitaxel-induced cytotoxic effect and growth inhibition. Furthermore, metformin was able to not only decrease the paclitaxel-induced p38 MAPK-mediated ERCC1 expression, but also augment the cytotoxic effect induced by paclitaxel. Finally, expression of constitutive activate MKK6 or HA-p38 MAPK vectors in lung cancer cells was able to abrogate ERCC1 downregulation by metformin and paclitaxel as well as cell viability and DNA repair capacity. Overall, our results suggest that inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling by metformin coupled with paclitaxel therapy in human NSCLC cells may be a clinically useful combination, which however will require further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Tseng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
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12
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Li J, Pan YY, Zhang Y. Synergistic interaction between sorafenib and gemcitabine in EGFR-TKI-sensitive and EGFR-TKI-resistant human lung cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2012; 5:440-446. [PMID: 23420122 PMCID: PMC3573056 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is a highly selective multi-targeted agent and has been reported to have potent antitumor effects against various tumors, including human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, we explored the antitumor effect and associated molecular mechanisms of sorafenib against human lung cancer cell lines in vitro. We also investigated the efficacy of concurrent and sequential administration of sorafenib and gemcitabine in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-sensitive and EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cell lines. The PC-9 (EGFR-TKI-sensitive, EGFR-mutated) and A549 (EGFR-TKI-resistant, K-Ras-mutated) NSCLC cell lines were treated with sorafenib and gemcitabine, alone, in combination or with different schedules. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay, cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry and alterations in signaling pathways were analyzed by western blotting. We found that sorafenib exhibited dose-dependent growth inhibition in the EGFR-TKI-sensitive and EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cell lines, and the sequence gemcitabine→sorafenib exhibited the strongest synergism. Sorafenib arrested the cell cycle at G1 phase, whereas gemcitabine caused arrest at S phase. The molecular mechanism of this synergism is that the downstream signaling pathways that were initially activated by gemcitabine exposure were efficiently suppressed by the subsequent exposure to sorafenib. By contrast, the reverse of this sequential administration resulted in antagonism, which may be due to differential effects on cell cycle arrest. The results suggest that sorafenib as a single agent exhibits anti-proliferative effects in vitro in NSCLC cell lines with EGFR and K-Ras mutations and that the sequential administration of gemcitabine followed by sorafenib is superior to sorafenib followed by gemcitabine and concurrent administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061
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