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Iegiani G, Di Cunto F, Pallavicini G. Inhibiting microcephaly genes as alternative to microtubule targeting agents to treat brain tumors. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:956. [PMID: 34663805 PMCID: PMC8523548 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) and gliomas are the most frequent high-grade brain tumors (HGBT) in children and adulthood, respectively. The general treatment for these tumors consists in surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite the improvement in patient survival, these therapies are only partially effective, and many patients still die. In the last decades, microtubules have emerged as interesting molecular targets for HGBT, as various microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) have been developed and tested pre-clinically and clinically with encouraging results. Nevertheless, these treatments produce relevant side effects since they target microtubules in normal as well as in cancerous cells. A possible strategy to overcome this toxicity could be to target proteins that control microtubule dynamics but are required by HGBT cells much more than in normal cell types. The genes mutated in primary hereditary microcephaly (MCPH) are ubiquitously expressed in proliferating cells, but under normal conditions are selectively required during brain development, in neural progenitors. There is evidence that MB and glioma cells share molecular profiles with progenitors of cerebellar granules and of cortical radial glia cells, in which MCPH gene functions are fundamental. Moreover, several studies indicate that MCPH genes are required for HGBT expansion. Among the 25 known MCPH genes, we focus this review on KNL1, ASPM, CENPE, CITK and KIF14, which have been found to control microtubule stability during cell division. We summarize the current knowledge about the molecular basis of their interaction with microtubules. Moreover, we will discuss data that suggest these genes are promising candidates as HGBT-specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Iegiani
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Di Cunto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Pallavicini
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Hu S, Li B, Shen X, Zhang R, Gao D, Guo Q, Jin Y, Fei Z. Induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell response by dendritic cells generated from ecto-mesenchymal stem cells infected with an adenovirus containing the MAGE-D4a gene. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2886-2892. [PMID: 27073570 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using ecto-mesenchymal stem cell (EMSC)-derived dendritic cells (DCs) for glioma immunotherapy following infection by a recombinant adenovirus containing the melanoma-associated antigen D4a (MAGE-D4a) gene. The ex vivo cultured EMSCs were infected by the adenoviral plasmid containing MAGE-D4a (pAd/MAGE-D4a). Efficiency of transfection was evaluated through the detection of green fluorescent protein-marked MAGE-D4a. The MAGE-EMSCs were induced to differentiate into DCs, termed as MAGE-EMSCs-DCs. The morphology was subsequently analyzed under a microscope, and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) assays were performed to analyze the cytotoxicity of the MAGE-EMSC-DCs on the human glioma U251 cell line. Following purification by magnetic-activated cell sorting, the EMSCs grew into swirls, with a long spindle shape and were fibroblast-like. The gene transfected with recombinant adenovirus vectors maintained high and stable expression levels of MAGE-D4a, and its efficiency was increased in a multiplicity of infection-dependent manner. The results of the MTT assay indicated that the T cells, primed by the recombinant MAGE-D4a-infected EMSC-DCs in vitro, recognized MAGE-D4a-expressing tumor cell lines in a human leukocyte antigen class I-restricted manner, and evoked a higher cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response. The CTL response induced by the MAGE-EMSC-DCs, co-cultured with the U251 cells for 24 h, produced 765.0 pg/ml IFN-γ, which was significantly greater when compared to the control wells. T lymphocytes stimulated by MAGE-EMSC-DCs evoke a higher CTL response to human glioma cell lines, and may serve as a promising therapeutic modality for the treatment of MAGE-D4a-expressing glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Shen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Dakuan Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qingdong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Akinleye A, Iragavarapu C, Furqan M, Cang S, Liu D. Novel agents for advanced pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:39521-37. [PMID: 26369833 PMCID: PMC4741843 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is relatively insensitive to conventional chemotherapy. Therefore, novel agents targeting dysregulated pathways (MAPK/ERK, EGFR, TGF-β, HEDGEHOG, NOTCH, IGF, PARP, PI3K/AKT, RAS, and Src) are being explored in clinical trials as monotherapy or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy. This review summarizes the most recent advances with the targeted therapies in the treatment of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akintunde Akinleye
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - Chaitanya Iragavarapu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Shundong Cang
- Department of Oncology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zannoni GF, Ciucci A, Marucci G, Travaglia D, Stigliano E, Foschini MP, Scambia G, Gallo D. Sexual dimorphism in medulloblastoma features. Histopathology 2015; 68:541-8. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gian Franco Zannoni
- Department of Histopathology; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; Rome Italy
| | - Alessandra Ciucci
- Department of Female, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; Rome Italy
| | - Gianluca Marucci
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM); Section of Pathology ‘M. Malpighi’; Bellaria Hospital; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Daniele Travaglia
- Department of Female, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; Rome Italy
| | - Egidio Stigliano
- Department of Histopathology; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; Rome Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschini
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM); Section of Pathology ‘M. Malpighi’; Bellaria Hospital; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Female, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; Rome Italy
| | - Daniela Gallo
- Department of Female, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; Rome Italy
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Recent developments and current concepts in medulloblastoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:356-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Gong A, Ye S, Xiong E, Guo W, Zhang Y, Peng W, Shao G, Jin J, Zhang Z, Yang J, Gao J. Autophagy contributes to ING4-induced glioma cell death. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1714-1723. [PMID: 23684856 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that ING4, a novel member of ING (inhibitor of growth) family, can inhibit brain tumor growth. However, whether autophagy is involved in ING4-induced cell death still remains unknown. In this study, we found that in addition to apoptosis, autophagy also contributed to cell death induced by ING4. Autophagy levels were elevated following the exposure to Ad-ING4, including enhanced fluorescence intensity of monodansylcadervarine (MDC), a specific in vivo marker for autophagic vacuoles, and increased expression levels of the LC3-II and Beclin-1, wheras the autophagic levels were attenuated following the pretreatment of 3-MA, the inhibitor of autophagy, which significantly decreased the Ad-ING4-induced cell death compared with caspase inhibitor zVAD. Furthermore, ING4 also induced mitochondrial dysfunction, such as mitophagy, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and the intracellular ROS, which indicated that mitochondria might be associated with the process of autophagic cell death of glioma cells. Finally, the relationship among Bax, Bcl-2, Beclin-1 and caspase family proteins levels were analyzed in glioma cells U251MG and LN229 infected with Ad-ING4 or Ad-lacZ. It is suggested that both autophagy and apoptosis could contribute to ING4-induced glioma cell death, and mitochondria might play an important role in this process. Our findings reveal novel aspects of the autophagy in glioma cells that underlie the cytotoxic action of ING4, possibly providing new insights in the development of combinatorial therapies for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Gong
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Sisi Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ermeng Xiong
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wanxin Peng
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Genbao Shao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jie Jin
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | | | - Jing Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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