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Oldham MJ, Lucci F, Foong C, Yeo D, Asgharian B, Cockram S, Luke S, Chua J, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC, Kuczaj AK. Use of micro-CT to determine tracheobronchial airway geometries in three strains of mice used in inhalation toxicology as disease models. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 304:2050-2067. [PMID: 33554477 PMCID: PMC8451890 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol dosimetry estimates for mouse strains used as models for human disease are not available, primarily because of the lack of tracheobronchial airway morphometry data. By using micro-CT scans of in-situ prepared lung casts, tracheobronchial airway morphometry for four strains of mice were obtained: Balb/c, AJ, C57BL/6, and Apoe-/- . The automated tracheobronchial airway morphometry algorithms for airway length and diameter were successfully verified against previously published manual and automated tracheobronchial airway morphometry data derived from two identical in-situ Balb/c mouse lung casts. There was also excellent agreement in tracheobronchial airway length and diameter between the automated and manual airway data for the AJ, C57BL/6, and Apoe-/- mice. Differences in branch angle measurements were partially due to the differences in definition between the automated algorithms and manual morphometry techniques. Unlike the manual airway morphometry techniques, the automated algorithms were able to provide a value for inclination to gravity for each airway. Inclusion of an inclination to gravity angle for each airway along with airway length, diameter, and branch angle make the current automated tracheobronchial airway data suitable for use in dosimetry programs that can provide dosimetry estimates for inhaled material. The significant differences in upper tracheobronchial airways between Balb/c mice and between C57BL/6 and Apoe-/- mice highlight the need for mouse strain-specific aerosol dosimetry estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Oldham
- Altria Client Services LLC, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Oldham Associates LLC, Manakin Sabot, Virginia, USA
| | - Francesco Lucci
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Clement Foong
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Demetrius Yeo
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Steve Cockram
- Synopsys Northern Europe Ltd., Bradninch Hall, Exeter, UK
| | - Stephen Luke
- Synopsys Northern Europe Ltd., Bradninch Hall, Exeter, UK
| | - Joanne Chua
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manual C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Arkadiusz K Kuczaj
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,Multiscale Modeling and Simulation, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Han SG, Pant K, Bruce SW, Gairola CG. Bhas 42 cell transformation activity of cigarette smoke condensate is modulated by selenium and arsenic. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2016; 57:220-228. [PMID: 26924598 DOI: 10.1002/em.22000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking remains a major health risk worldwide. Development of newer tobacco products requires the use of quantitative toxicological assays. Recently, v-Ha-ras transfected BALB/c3T3 (Bhas 42) cell transformation assay was established that simulates the two-stage animal tumorigenesis model and measures tumor initiating and promoting activities of chemicals. The present study was performed to assess the feasibility of using this Bhas 42 cell transformation assay to determine the initiation and promotion activities of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and its water soluble fraction. Further, the modulating effects of selenium and arsenic on cigarette smoke-induced cell transformation were investigated. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water extracts of CSC (CSC-D and CSC-W, respectively) were tested at concentrations of 2.5-40 µg mL(-1) in the initiation or promotion assay formats. Initiation protocol of the Bhas 42 assay showed a 3.5-fold increase in transformed foci at 40 µg mL(-1) of CSC-D but not CSC-W. The promotion phase of the assay yielded a robust dose response with CSC-D (2.5-40 µg mL(-1)) and CSC-W (20-40 µg mL(-1)). Preincubation of cells with selenium (100 nM) significantly reduced CSC-induced increase in cell transformation in initiation assay. Co-treatment of cells with a sub-toxic dose of arsenic significantly enhanced cell transformation activity of CSC-D in promotion assay. The results suggest a presence of both water soluble and insoluble tumor promoters in CSC, a role of oxidative stress in CSC-induced cell transformation, and usefulness of Bhas 42 cell transformation assay in comparing tobacco product toxicities and in studying the mechanisms of tobacco carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Gu Han
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamala Pant
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, Bioreliance Corporation, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shannon W Bruce
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, Bioreliance Corporation, Rockville, Maryland
| | - C Gary Gairola
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Ding S, Hou X, Yuan J, Tan X, Chen J, Yang N, Luo Y, Jiang Z, Jin P, Dong Z, Feng L, Jia X. Wedelolactone protects human bronchial epithelial cell injury against cigarette smoke extract-induced oxidant stress and inflammation responses through Nrf2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:648-655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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