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Habtemariam S. Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Mechanisms of Isothiocyanates: Insights from Sulforaphane. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1169. [PMID: 38927376 PMCID: PMC11200786 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) belong to a group of natural products that possess a highly reactive electrophilic -N=C=S functional group. They are stored in plants as precursor molecules, glucosinolates, which are processed by the tyrosinase enzyme upon plant tissue damage to release ITCs, along with other products. Isolated from broccoli, sulforaphane is by far the most studied antioxidant ITC, acting primarily through the induction of a transcription factor, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which upregulates downstream antioxidant genes/proteins. Paradoxically, sulforaphane, as a pro-oxidant compound, can also increase the levels of reactive oxygen species, a mechanism which is attributed to its anticancer effect. Beyond highlighting the common pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of sulforaphane, the present paper was designed to assess the diverse anti-inflammatory mechanisms reported to date using a variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Sulforaphane downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, cycloxyhenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The signalling pathways of nuclear factor κB, activator protein 1, sirtuins 1, silent information regulator sirtuin 1 and 3, and microRNAs are among those affected by sulforaphane. These anti-inflammatory actions are sometimes due to direct action via interaction with the sulfhydryl structural moiety of cysteine residues in enzymes/proteins. The following are among the topics discussed in this paper: paradoxical signalling pathways such as the immunosuppressant or immunostimulant mechanisms; crosstalk between the oxidative and inflammatory pathways; and effects dependent on health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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Hu J, Zheng L, Guan Z, Zhong K, Huang F, Huang Q, Yang J, Li W, Li S. Sensory gamma entrainment: Impact on amyloid protein and therapeutic mechanism. Brain Res Bull 2023; 202:110750. [PMID: 37625524 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is one of the main pathological features of AD. The much-talked sensory gamma entrainment may be a new treatment for Aβ load. Here we reviewed the generation and clearance pathways of Aβ, aberrant gamma oscillation in AD, and the therapeutic effect of sensory gamma entrainment on AD. In addition, we discuss these results based on stimulus parameters and possible potential mechanisms. This provides the support for sensory gamma entrainment targeting Aβ to improve AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Hu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Leyan Zheng
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Ziyu Guan
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Kexin Zhong
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Fankai Huang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Qiankai Huang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Weiyun Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China.
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Peng S, Shen L, Yu X, Zhang L, Xu K, Xia Y, Zha L, Wu J, Luo H. The role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200111. [PMID: 37359553 PMCID: PMC10285877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease involving mainly the colorectal mucosa and submucosa, the incidence of which has been on the rise in recent years. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), known for its key function as a transcription factor, is pivotal in inducing antioxidant stress and regulating inflammatory responses. Numerous investigations have demonstrated the involvement of the Nrf2 pathway in maintaining the development and normal function of the intestine, the development of UC, and UC-related intestinal fibrosis and carcinogenesis; meanwhile, therapeutic agents targeting the Nrf2 pathway have been widely investigated. This paper reviews the research progress of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanlan Zha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
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Li T, Yan X, Dong X, Pan S, Tan B, Zhang S, Suo X, Huang W, Zhou M, Yang Y. Effects of choline supplementation on growth performance, liver histology, nonspecific immunity and related genes expression of hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatu) fed with high-lipid diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108815. [PMID: 37216997 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary choline levels on growth performance, liver histology, nonspecific immunity and related gene expression of hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus) fed with high-lipid diets. The fish (initial body weight 6.86 ± 0.01 g) were fed diets containing different choline levels (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg, named D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5, respectively) for 8 weeks. The results showed that:(1) dietary choline levels had no significant effect on final body weight (FBW), feed conversion rate (FCR), visceral somatic index(VSI) and condition factor (CF) compared with the control group (P > 0.05). However, the hepato somatic index (HSI) in the D2 group was significantly lower than that in the control group and the survival rate (SR) in the D5 group was significantly lower (P < 0.05). (2) with dietary choline level increasing, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of serum showed a tendency to increase and then decrease, and the maximum values were obtained in the D3 group, but the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) decreased significantly (P < 0.05). (3) Immunoglobulin M (IgM), lysozyme (LYZ), catalase (CAT), total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), and SOD in the liver all showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with the dietary choline level increased, and all of them achieved the maximum value at D4 group (P < 0.05), while reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver decreased significantly (P < 0.05). (4) results from liver sections suggest that appropriate levels of choline can improve cell structure, compared with the control group, the damaged histological morphology of the liver was relieved and even returned to normal in D3 group. (5) in the D3 group, choline significantly upregulated the expression of hepatic sod and cat mRNA, whereas the expression of cat in the D5 group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05); And the supply of choline stimulated a significant down-regulation of interleukin 6 (il6), myeloid differentiation factor 8 (myd88), toll-like receptor 22 (tlr22) mRNA expression levels in liver, while the expression of cellular tumor antigen p53 (p53) and interleukin 10 (il10) showed an upward and then downward trend (P < 0.05). In general, choline can improve the immunity of hybrid grouper by regulating non-specific immune-related enzyme activity and gene expression and reducing oxidative stress induced by high-lipid diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Xiaobo Yan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China.
| | - Simiao Pan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Xiangxiang Suo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Weibin Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Menglong Zhou
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Yuanzhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
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Elucidation of an mTORC2-PKC-NRF2 pathway that sustains the ATF4 stress response and identification of Sirt5 as a key ATF4 effector. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:357. [PMID: 35963851 PMCID: PMC9376072 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Proliferating cancer cells are dependent on glutamine metabolism for survival when challenged with oxidative stresses caused by reactive oxygen species, hypoxia, nutrient deprivation and matrix detachment. ATF4, a key stress responsive transcription factor, is essential for cancer cells to sustain glutamine metabolism when challenged with these various types of stress. While it is well documented how the ATF4 transcript is translated into protein as a stress response, an important question concerns how the ATF4 message levels are sustained to enable cancer cells to survive the challenges of nutrient deprivation and damaging reactive oxygen species. Here, we now identify the pathway in triple negative breast cancer cells that provides a sustained ATF4 response and enables their survival when encountering these challenges. This signaling pathway starts with mTORC2, which upon sensing cellular stresses arising from glutamine deprivation or an acute inhibition of glutamine metabolism, initiates a cascade of events that triggers an increase in ATF4 transcription. Surprisingly, this signaling pathway is not dependent on AKT activation, but rather requires the mTORC2 target, PKC, which activates the transcription factor Nrf2 that then induces ATF4 expression. Additionally, we identify a sirtuin family member, the NAD+-dependent de-succinylase Sirt5, as a key transcriptional target for ATF4 that promotes cancer cell survival during metabolic stress. Sirt5 plays fundamental roles in supporting cancer cell metabolism by regulating various enzymatic activities and by protecting an enzyme essential for glutaminolysis, glutaminase C (GAC), from degradation. We demonstrate that ectopic expression of Sirt5 compensates for knockdowns of ATF4 in cells exposed to glutamine deprivation-induced stress. These findings provide important new insights into the signaling cues that lead to sustained ATF4 expression as a general stress-induced regulator of glutamine metabolism, as well as highlight Sirt5 an essential effector of the ATF4 response to metabolic stress.
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6
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Shen Q, Wu X, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Yang S, Xing D. Gamma frequency light flicker regulates amyloid precursor protein trafficking for reducing β-amyloid load in Alzheimer's disease model. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13573. [PMID: 35199454 PMCID: PMC8920449 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing gamma oscillations with non‐invasive light flicker has been reported to impact Alzheimer's disease‐related pathology. However, it is unclear which signaling pathways are involved in reducing amyloid load. Here, we found that gamma frequency light flicker increased anchoring of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to the plasma membrane for non‐amyloidogenic processing, and then physically interacted with KCC2, a neuron‐specific K+‐Cl− cotransporter, suggesting that it is essential to maintain surface GABAA receptor α1 levels and reduce β‐amyloid (Aβ) production. Stimulation with such light flicker limited KCC2 internalization and subsequent degradation via both tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitination, leading to an increase in surface‐KCC2 levels. Specifically, PKC‐dependent phosphorylation of APP on a serine residue was induced by gamma frequency light flicker, which was responsible for maintaining plasma membrane levels of full‐length APP, leading to its reduced trafficking to endosomes and inhibiting the β‐secretase cleavage pathway. The activated PKC from the gamma frequency light flicker subsequently phosphorylated serine of KCC2 and stabilized it onto the cell surface, which contributed to the upregulation of surface GABAA receptor α1 levels. Together, these data indicate that enhancement of APP trafficking to the plasma membrane via light flicker plays a critical modulatory role in reduction of Aβ load in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Di Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
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Liu L, Wang H, Xu M, Qiu TX, Chen J. Azoxystrobin increases the infection of spring viraemia of carp virus in fish. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131465. [PMID: 34329124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZ) has entered aquatic ecosystems and produced serious damages to fish associated with potentially increasing the susceptibility to pathogens. This study characterized the defense abilities of fish by exposed to AZ on challenging with the infection of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV). The results showed that SVCV replication increased significantly in EPC cells and zebrafish that were exposed to up to 50 μg/L of AZ at 3, 5, 7, and 14 d. Intracellular biochemical assays indicated that AZ at 5 and 50 μg/L inhibited the activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway including a decrease in Nrf2 expression, Nrf2 phosphorylation, HO-1 content, and three antioxidant activities. While no significant difference in ERK1/2 and JNK MAPKs in zebrafish was observed, P38 phosphorylation was significantly decreased at 7 and 14 d, and the changes in MAPKs were more evident in EPC cells previously exposed to AZ at 7 d. These results revealed that AZ initially induced low phosphorylation of MAPKs, triggering the attenuation of Nrf2 phosphorylation to weaken Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus in a longer exposure period (more than 5 d). The data in the cells and fish also showed that antioxidant activities were decreased to some extent at 5-7 d for the cells and 7-14 d for the fish. Furthermore, interferon-related factors were decreased in AZ-exposed zebrafish, explaining the reason that fish can't resist the virus infection. Overall, the present study provided a new adverse threat of AZ by amplifying the viral outbreak to endanger ecological safety in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Tian-Xiu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
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Liu H, Johnston LJ, Wang F, Ma X. Triggers for the Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway and Its Nutritional Regulation: Potential Therapeutic Applications of Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111411. [PMID: 34768841 PMCID: PMC8583850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), which affects millions of people worldwide, is characterized by extensive colonic injury involving mucosal and submucosal layers of the colon. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a critical role in cellular protection against oxidant-induced stress. Antioxidant response element (ARE) is the binding site recognized by Nrf2 and leads to the expression of phase II detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant proteins. The Nrf2/ARE system is a key factor for preventing and resolving tissue injury and inflammation in disease conditions such as UC. Researchers have proposed that both Keap1-dependent and Keap1-independent cascades contribute positive effects on activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on mechanisms controlling the activation process. We will further review nutritional compounds that can modulate activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway and may be used as potential therapeutic application of UC. These comprehensive data will help us to better understand the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and promote its effective application in response to common diseases induced by oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Lee J. Johnston
- Swine Nutrition and Production, West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN 56267, USA;
| | - Fenglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.L.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Sadeghsoltani F, Hassanpour P, Qujeq D, Rashtchizadeh N, Ghorbanihaghjo A. Zinc and Selenium in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Trace Elements with Key Roles? Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3190-3204. [PMID: 33098076 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition that may emerge at a young age and often lasts for life. It often goes through phases of recurrence and remission and has a devastating effect on quality of life. The exact etiology of the disease is still unclear, but it appears that an inappropriate immune response to intestinal flora bacteria in people with a genetic predisposition may cause the disease. Managing inflammatory bowel disease is still a serious challenge. Oxidative stress and free radicals appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease, and a number of studies have suggested the use of antioxidants as a therapeutic approach. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of some trace elements have led some of the research to focus on studying these trace elements in inflammatory bowel disease. Zinc and selenium are among the most important trace elements that have significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Some studies have shown the importance of these trace elements in inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we have attempted to provide a comprehensive overview of the findings of these studies and to gather current knowledge about the association of these trace elements with the inflammatory process and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghsoltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Hassanpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nadereh Rashtchizadeh
- Connective Tissue Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ghorbanihaghjo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14711, Tabriz, 5166614711, Iran.
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Bhandari R, Kaur J, Kaur S, Kuhad A. The Nrf2 pathway in psychiatric disorders: pathophysiological role and potential targeting. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:115-139. [PMID: 33557652 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1887141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: All psychiatric disorders exhibit excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neural damage as their common characteristic. The endogenous nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway is implicated in the defense mechanism against oxidative stress and has a significant role in psychiatric disorders.Areas covered: We explore the role of Nrf2 pathway and its modulators in psychiatric disorders. The literature was searched utilizing various databases such as Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Pub-Med, and Google Scholar from 2010 to 2020. The search included research articles, clinical reports, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.Expert opinion: Environmental factors and genetic predisposition can be a trigger for the development of psychiatric disorders. Nrf2 downregulates certain inflammatory pathways and upregulates various antioxidant enzymes to maintain a balance. However, its intricate balance with NF-Kβ (Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells) and its crosstalk with the transcription factor Nrf2 is critical in severe oxidative stress. Several Nrf2 modulators are now in clinical trials and can help reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. There are immense potential opportunities for these modulators to become a novel therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Bhandari
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Japneet Kaur
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Simerpreet Kaur
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Nhoek P, Ahn J, Chae HS, Pel P, Kim YM, Lee SE, Lee JH, Kim J, Choi YH, Lee K, Chin YW. Isolation of polyacetylenes with proprotein convertase/kexin type 9 downregulating activity and two new sesquiterpenes from the aerial parts of Aster koraiensis. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Bioactive C 17 and C 18 Acetylenic Oxylipins from Terrestrial Plants as Potential Lead Compounds for Anticancer Drug Development. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112568. [PMID: 32486470 PMCID: PMC7321150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive C17 and C18 acetylenic oxylipins have shown to contribute to the cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and potential anticancer properties of terrestrial plants. These acetylenic oxylipins are widely distributed in plants belonging to the families Apiaceae, Araliaceae, and Asteraceae, and have shown to induce cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro and to exert a chemopreventive effect on cancer development in vivo. The triple bond functionality of these oxylipins transform them into highly alkylating compounds being reactive to proteins and other biomolecules. This enables them to induce the formation of anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective phase 2 enzymes via activation of the Keap1–Nrf2 signaling pathway, inhibition of proinflammatory peptides and proteins, and/or induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, which, to some extent, may explain their chemopreventive effects. In addition, these acetylenic oxylipins have shown to act as ligands for the nuclear receptor PPARγ, which play a central role in growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of cancer cells. Bioactive C17 and C18 acetylenic oxylipins appear, therefore, to constitute a group of promising lead compounds for the development of anticancer drugs. In this review, the cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of C17 and C18 acetylenic oxylipins from terrestrial plants are presented and their possible mechanisms of action and structural requirements for optimal cytotoxicity are discussed.
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Lee YJ, Kim WI, Bae JH, Cho MK, Lee SH, Nam HS, Choi IH, Cho SW. Overexpression of Nrf2 promotes colon cancer progression via ERK and AKT signaling pathways. Ann Surg Treat Res 2020; 98:159-167. [PMID: 32274363 PMCID: PMC7118325 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2020.98.4.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the expression of Nrf2 in colorectal cancer and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics as well as mechanisms and roles of Nrf2 expression including cell signaling pathway, survival, proliferation, and migration. METHODS Nrf2 expression was measured in 12 and 30 different colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues by western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. SW480 cells were used for cell proliferation and cell migration tests. The correlation between the expression of Nrf2 and clinicopathologic parameters were evaluated using the chi-square or Fisher exact test. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation for 3 independent experiments. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Analysis of WB demonstrated that Nrf2 proteins were increased in CRC tissues, and decreased in normal tissues. IHC staining showed that the Nrf2 expression was elevated in CRC tissues, compared to matched normal tissues. When SW480 cells were suppressed with small interfering RNA of Nrf2, cell viability was inhibited, and cell apoptosis was increased. These results were found along with suppression of the phosphorylated form of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and AKT. CONCLUSION This study suggests that overexpression of Nrf2 may be related to carcinogenesis and progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Lee
- Molecular Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Woo Il Kim
- Molecular Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Bae
- Molecular Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Moon Kyun Cho
- Molecular Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Molecular Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hae Seon Nam
- Molecular Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - In Ho Choi
- Molecular Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Cho
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Paunkov A, Chartoumpekis DV, Ziros PG, Chondrogianni N, Kensler TW, Sykiotis GP. Impact of Antioxidant Natural Compounds on the Thyroid Gland and Implication of the Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1828-1846. [PMID: 31267862 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190701165821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural compounds with potential antioxidant properties have been used in the form of food supplements or extracts with the intent to prevent or treat various diseases. Many of these compounds can activate the cytoprotective Nrf2 pathway. Besides, some of them are known to impact the thyroid gland, often with potential side-effects, but in other instances, with potential utility in the treatment of thyroid disorders. OBJECTIVE In view of recent data regarding the multiple roles of Nrf2 in the thyroid, this review summarizes the current bibliography on natural compounds that can have an effect on thyroid gland physiology and pathophysiology, and it discusses the potential implication of the Nrf2 system in the respective mechanisms. METHODS & RESULTS Literature searches for articles from 1950 to 2018 were performed in PubMed and Google Scholar using relevant keywords about phytochemicals, Nrf2 and thyroid. Natural substances were categorized into phenolic compounds, sulfur-containing compounds, quinones, terpenoids, or under the general category of plant extracts. For individual compounds in each category, respective data were summarized, as derived from in vitro (cell lines), preclinical (animal models) and clinical studies. The main emerging themes were as follows: phenolic compounds often showed potential to affect the production of thyroid hormones; sulfur-containing compounds impacted the pathogenesis of goiter and the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells; while quinones and terpenoids modified Nrf2 signaling in thyroid cell lines. CONCLUSION Natural compounds that modify the activity of the Nrf2 pathway should be evaluated carefully, not only for their potential to be used as therapeutic agents for thyroid disorders, but also for their thyroidal safety when used for the prevention and treatment of non-thyroidal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paunkov
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Patras University Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Panos G Ziros
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gerasimos P Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Cao Y, Wang D, Li Q, Liu H, Jin C, Yang J, Wu S, Lu X, Cai Y. Activation of Nrf2 by lead sulfide nanoparticles induces impairment of learning and memory. Metallomics 2020; 12:34-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00151d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine, using rats, the mechanism of action of PbS NPs, exposure to which results in persistent alterations in nervous system function. The results showed that PbS NPs significantly impaired learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Cao
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang 110001
- China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Nutrition
- Beidaihe Sanatorium of Beijing Military Region
- Qinhuangdao 066000
- China
| | - Qingzhao Li
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- Hebei United University
- Tangshan 063000
- China
| | - Huajie Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201800
- China
| | - Cuihong Jin
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang 110001
- China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang 110001
- China
| | - Shengwen Wu
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang 110001
- China
| | - Xiaobo Lu
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang 110001
- China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang 110001
- China
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Fang K, Chu Y, Zhao Z, Li Q, Li H, Chen T, Xu M. Enhanced expression of asparagine synthetase under glucose-deprived conditions promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma development. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:510-516. [PMID: 32174781 PMCID: PMC7053306 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.39557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer cells survive and develop under nutrient deficient microenvironment caused by low blood supply. Although anaerobic metabolism could function through the enhanced uptake of glucose, other mechanisms of tolerance to glucose deficient conditions might be required. Materials and Methods: Expression of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) under normal glucose and glucose-deprived conditions was examined. Cancer cell proliferation and migration were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays. In addition, the relationship between ASNS expression and cancer stages was also analyzed. Results: Expression of ASNS was enhanced under glucose deficient conditions. In vitro assays indicated that ASNS could promote the proliferation and migration abilities of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells under glucose deficient condition. In mechanism, 2 critical effectors during nutrient deprivation, NRF2 and ATF4, were upregulated and demonstrated to promote ASNS expression. Clinically, high level of ASNS was significantly associated with ESCC with advanced stages and metastasis. In vivo, ASNS could promote tumor growth and metastasis in mouse xenograft models. Conclusion: This study uncovered that glucose deprivation induces the overexpression of ASNS in ESCC cells, which in turn causes cancer cell tolerance to nutrient stress and promotes cancer development. The illustration of the mechanism sheds deep insight on how cell biology was regulated in response to the conditions of limited nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Fang
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Chu
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziying Zhao
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinfang Li
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongqi Li
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meidong Xu
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sesamin Enhances Nrf2-Mediated Protective Defense against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Colitis via AKT and ERK Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2432416. [PMID: 31534619 PMCID: PMC6732632 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2432416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with high incidence and prevalence in many countries. Patients with UC usually suffer from a lifetime of debilitating physical symptoms. Therefore, developing effective therapeutic strategy that can manage this disease better and improve patients' life quality is in urgent need. Sesamin (SSM) is a lignan derived from sesame seeds. In this study, the protective effect of SSM against UC and the underlying mechanism were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Our data showed that SSM protected Caco-2 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury via GSH-mediated scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dual luciferase reporter assay showed that the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was significantly increased by SSM, and the ability of SSM to activate Nrf2-targeted genes was further confirmed in Caco-2 cells using western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In contrast, Nrf2 knockdown abolished the protective effect of SSM. Additionally, we found that SSM also activated advanced protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in Caco-2 cells, while either AKT or ERK inhibition can prevent SSM-mediated nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Furthermore, SSM displayed a better protective effect against dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced UC compared with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in C57BL/6 mice. The enhanced Nrf2 signaling and activated AKT/ERK were also observed in the colon of mice after SSM administration. These results first demonstrate the protective effect of SSM against UC and indicate that the effect is associated with AKT/ERK activation and subsequent Nrf2 signaling enhancement. This study provides a new insight into the medicinal value of SSM and proposes it as a new natural nutrition for better managing the symptoms of UC.
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18
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Dang YF, Qiu TX, Song DW, Liu L. PMA-triggered PKCε activity enhances Nrf2-mediated antiviral response on fish rhabdovirus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:871-878. [PMID: 30776542 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection is often accompanied with alteration of intracellular redox state, especially an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant cellular defenses. The previous studies showed that an antioxidant cellular defense system, the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), played an important role against spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) infection in fish. To further reveal the mediated mechanism that Nrf2 active state was affected by protein kinase C (PKC), here we evaluated SVCV replication in host cells by treated with a strong activator of PKC phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and an inhibitor staurosporine. Our results showed that PMA significantly repressed SVCV replication and viral-induced apoptosis in Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cell, suggesting that PKC may exhibit an anti-SVCV effect. Likewise, PMA resulted in a higher phosphorylation levels of PKCε rather than PKCα/β to participate in the activation of Nrf2, mainly involved in the activation of Nrf2 phosphorylation of Ser40 to favor Nrf2 translocation to nucleus. Furthermore, the data revealed that PMA up-regulated an antiviral response heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) gene expression that was confirmed as the key player against SVCV infection by HO1 specific siRNA. Overall, this study provided a new therapeutic target for the treatment of SVCV infection, and modulating PKC activity could be used for the prevention and treatment of SVCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Dang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Tian-Xiu Qiu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Da-Wei Song
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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19
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Liu L, Shen YF, Hu Y, Lu JF. Antiviral effect of 7-(4-benzimidazole-butoxy)-coumarin on rhabdoviral clearance via Nrf2 activation regulated by PKCα/β phosphorylation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:386-396. [PMID: 30243774 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coumarin forms an elite class of naturally occurring compounds that possess promising antiviral therapeutic perspectives. In the previous study, we designed and synthesized a coumarin derivative, 7-(4-benzimidazole-butoxy)-coumarin (BBC), to evaluate its antiviral activity on spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV). In this study, our results show that BBC does not affect viral adhesion and delivery from endosomes to the cytosol, indicating BBC has no inhibitory activity in the early stage of viral infection. Further data are determined that BBC significantly declines SVCV-infected apoptosis and recovers caspase-3/8/9 activity. To reveal the pathway that affects Nrf2 translocation by BBC, we examine changes in protein kinase C (PKC) in EPC cells treated with BBC. We observe that BBC results in a higher phosphorylation of PKCα/β that is involved in the activation of erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) phosphorylation to favor Nrf2 translocation to nucleus at 24 and 48 h. In addition, the results show that BBC also up-regulates both antiviral responses, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and cellular IFN response. Overall, this mechanism of action provides a new therapeutic target for the treatment of SVCV infection, and these results suggest that treatment with BBC is effective in reducing SVCV infection and differently regulates SVCV-induced undesirable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jian-Fei Lu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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Yu G, Guan Y, Liu L, Xing J, Li J, Cheng Q, Liu Z, Bai Z. The protective effect of low-energy shock wave on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury is mediated by the PI3K/AKT/NRF2 pathway. Life Sci 2018; 213:142-148. [PMID: 30321543 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Testicular ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is the primary pathophysiological consequence of testicular torsion. Low-energy shock wave (LESW) is an effective treatment for certain diseases. The present study investigated whether LESW could improve on testicular IR injury in rats and examined the involved mechanism. MAIN METHODS Testicular reperfusion was induced in rats after 1-h ischemia. The first LESW treatment was performed 30 min prior to testicular reperfusion, and then every other day for another 3 applications. LY294002 was applied to investigate the involved mechanism. Testicular morphological changes and malonaldehyde (MDA) level were respectively assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blot and thiobarbituric acid method. Western blot, real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess the apoptosis, the activation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) level in the testis of rats. KEY FINDINGS LESW improved testicular IR injury in rats. Moreover, LESW upregulated the phosphorylation levels of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β). Also, it upregulated the levels of nuclear NRF2, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO-1) in these rats. Nevertheless, LY294002 blocked these protective effects. LESW also upregulated VEGF-A level in rats with testicular IR injury. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated that LESW could ameliorate testicular IR injury in rats, which might be attributed to the activation of PI3K/AKT/NRF2 pathway. These findings suggested the potential of LESW in the treatment of testicular torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China; Haikou Center for Medical Synchrotron Radiation Research, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yupeng Guan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China; Haikou Center for Medical Synchrotron Radiation Research, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Shiyan People's Hospital, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiansheng Xing
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jindong Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhenxiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhiming Bai
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China; Haikou Center for Medical Synchrotron Radiation Research, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China.
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Lee J, Song K, Huh E, Oh MS, Kim YS. Neuroprotection against 6-OHDA toxicity in PC12 cells and mice through the Nrf2 pathway by a sesquiterpenoid from Tussilago farfara. Redox Biol 2018; 18:6-15. [PMID: 29890337 PMCID: PMC6041377 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key regulator of the antioxidative response, is considered to be important as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the underlying mechanism of Nrf2-mediated neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress in the PC12 cell line by 7β-(3-ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2-methylbutyryloxy)-3,14-dehydro-Z-notonipetranone (ECN), one of the sesquiterpenoids in Farfarae Flos. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with ECN had a protective effect against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)- or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cytotoxicity. ECN upregulated the ARE-luciferase activity and induced the mRNA expression of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Knockdown of Nrf2 by small, interfering RNA (siRNA) abrogated the upregulation of HO-1, indicating that ECN had induced HO-1 via the Nrf2 pathway. Pretreatment with the thiol reducing agents, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or dithiothreitol (DTT), attenuated Nrf2 activation and HO-1 expression. However, the non-thiol reducing antioxidant, Trolox, failed to inhibit HO-1 induction by ECN. These results suggest that ECN may directly interact with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and modify critical cysteine thiols present in the proteins responsible for Nrf2-mediated upregulation of HO-1. In a 6-OHDA-induced mouse model of PD, administration of ECN ameliorated motor impairments and dopaminergic neuronal damage. Taken together, ECN exerts neuroprotective effects by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in both PC12 cells and mice. Thus, ECN, as an Nrf2 activator, could be an attractive therapeutic candidate for the neuroprotection or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. ECN protects PC12 cells against H2O2- or 6-OHDA-induced cell damage. ECN increases HO-1 expression via the nuclear translocation and ARE binding of Nrf2. Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway contributes to the protective properties of ECN. ECN ameliorates 6-OHDA-induced motor impairments in mice. ECN prevents 6-OHDA-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohee Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kwangho Song
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Eugene Huh
- Department of Medical Science of Meridian, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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Wu P, Tian L, Zhou XQ, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Jiang J, Xie F, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Yang J, Zhang YA, Shi HQ, Feng L. Sodium butyrate enhanced physical barrier function referring to Nrf2, JNK and MLCK signaling pathways in the intestine of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:121-132. [PMID: 29222028 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of dietary sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation on the intestinal physical barrier function of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The fish were fed one powdery sodium butyrate (PSB) diet (1000.0 mg kg-1 diet) and five graded levels of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB) diets: 0.0 (control), 500.0, 1000.0, 1500.0 and 2000.0 mg kg-1 diet for 60 days. Subsequently, a challenge test was conducted by injection of Aeromonas hydrophila to explore the effect of SB supplementation on intestinal physical barrier function and the potential mechanisms in fish. The results showed that optimal SB supplementation: (1) down-regulated the cysteine-aspartic protease-2 (caspase-2), caspase-3 (rather than PI), caspase-7, caspase-8 (rather than PI), caspase-9, fatty acid synthetase ligand (FasL), apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X protein (Bax) and c-Jun Nterminal protein kinase (JNK) mRNA levels, up-regulated the B-cell lymphoma protein-2 (Bcl-2) (rather than PI), inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) mRNA levels in the intestine (P < 0.05), inhibited the intestinal cell apoptosis, maintained the intestine cell structure integrity; (2) increased NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA levels and nucleus protein levels, and down-regulated kelch-like-ECH-associated protein (Keap1b) (rather than Keap1a) mRNA levels in the intestine, up-regulated copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1a (GPx1a), GPx1b, GPx4a, GPx4b, glutathione S-transferases R (GSTR), GSTP1, GSTP2, GSTO1, GSTO2 and glutathione reductase (GR) mRNA levels in the intestine, increased the corresponding antioxidant enzymes activity (P < 0.05), thus enhancing the ability of scavenging free radicals and decreasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, decreasing the lipid and protein peroxidation, as well as alleviating oxidative damage; (3) down-regulated the molecule myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) mRNA levels in the intestine, and up-regulated the occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), ZO-2, claudin-b, claudin-c, claudin-f, claudin-3c (rather than PI), claudin-7a, claudin-7b and claudin-11 mRNA levels, down-regulated claudin-12, claudin-15a and claudin-15b mRNA levels (P < 0.05), thus maintaining the structural integrity between cells. This study suggests that SB supplementation could improve fish intestinal physical barrier function. Furthermore, according to the positive effect, MSB was superior to PSB on improving intestinal physical barrier function of fish. Finally, based on protein carbonyl content in the PI, the optimal SB supplementation (MSB as SB source) for young grass carp was estimated to be 338.8 mg kg-1 diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Shanghai Menon Animal Nutrition Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201807, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Enterprise Technology Center, Tongwei Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - He-Qun Shi
- Chengdu Mytech Biotech Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610222, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Lee KM, Kwon TY, Kang U, Seo EK, Yun JH, Nho CW, Kim YS. Tussilagonone-induced Nrf2 pathway activation protects HepG2 cells from oxidative injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:120-127. [PMID: 28733231 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tussilagonone is a compound derived from the medicinal plant Tussilago farfara L., which is used as a traditional medicine for respiratory diseases, including asthma and pneumonia. Recent reports suggest that tussilagonone exhibits anti-inflammatory effects; however, the scope of protective functions has not been elucidated yet. In this study, we demonstrate that tussilagonone enhances cellular detoxification by increasing quinone reductase activity in Hepa1c1c7 cells. In addition, tussilagonone decreased tert-butyl hydroperoxide(t-BHP)-induced ROS production and cell death, suggesting that it also acts as a potent antioxidant. To verify the molecular mechanism underlying tussilagonone activity, we examined the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)-a transcription factor that regulates antioxidant protein expression-in HepG2 cells. Significantly, these results showed that tussilagonone induces Nrf2 activation and nuclear accumulation, resulting in the upregulation of the detoxifying enzymes NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1(NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) that protect cells from oxidative stress. Further molecular analyses revealed that tussilagonone-induced Nrf2 activation was mediated by ERK1/2 in HepG2 cells. Collectively, these data indicate that tussilagonone attenuates t-BHP-induced ROS and activates quinone reductase activity via Nrf2 pathway activation and target gene expression, and thereby acts as an antioxidant that protects HepG2 cells from oxidative stress and associated damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mi Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Tae Yeon Kwon
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Unwoo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Ewha Global Top 5 Program), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Ewha Global Top 5 Program), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Ji Ho Yun
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, South Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, South Korea
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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24
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ZnO nanoparticles act as supportive therapy in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by maintaining gut homeostasis and activating Nrf2 signaling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43126. [PMID: 28233796 PMCID: PMC5324050 DOI: 10.1038/srep43126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are widespread inflammatory diseases that cause debilitating health problems including cancer. In this study, we show that ZnO nanoparticle (ZnONP) treatment has markedly dose-dependent effects on the remission of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. We demonstrate the mechanism involves the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities of ZnONPs to suppress ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) production; increase GSH level; suppress proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α and myeloperoxidase (MPO). The ZnONP treatment is able to activate the Nrf2 pathway in the cellular antioxidant defense system. The novel finding is that ZnONP combined with mesalazine (5-ASA) can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of 5-ASA in the treatment of DSS-induced colitis. Lastly, we found that ZnONP treatment can restore the changes in special colonic bacteria of DSS-mice while the drug 5-ASA cannot. These results indicate that ZnONPs can act as a medical additive for the therapy of IBD.
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25
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Chen RC, Sun GB, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Sun XB. Naringin protects against anoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells via the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Food Funct 2016; 6:1331-44. [PMID: 25773745 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Naringin (Nar) is a major and active flavanone glycoside derivative of several citrus species. The antioxidant properties of Nar have an important function in its cardioprotective effects in various models. However, the effects of Nar on Nrf2 activation and the expression of its downstream genes in myocardial cells are yet to be elucidated. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Nar against anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R)-induced injury in H9c2 cells and determine its effects on the activity of Nrf2 and the expression of phase II antioxidant enzymes. H9c2 cells were pretreated with Nar for 6 h before exposure to A/R. A/R treatment severely injured the H9c2 cells, which was accompanied by apoptosis. Nar also suppressed the A/R-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase-3 activation. Nar pretreatment significantly reduced the apoptotic rate by enhancing the endogenous anti-oxidative activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, thereby inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. Moreover, the presence of Nar alone in H9c2 cells increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as well as consistently increased the protein levels of heme oxygenase (HO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC). Nar increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, PKCδ, and AKT. However, the Nar-mediated Nrf2 activation and cardioprotection were abolished through the genetic silencing of Nrf2 by siRNA and partially inhibited by specific inhibitors of ERK1/2, PKCδ, and AKT. Therefore, Nar provided cardioprotection by inducing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, PKCδ, and AKT, which subsequently activated Nrf2 and its downstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.
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26
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Novel oxime-bearing coumarin derivatives act as potent Nrf2/ARE activators in vitro and in mouse model. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 106:60-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lee CY, Yun JH, Kang K, Nho CW, Shin D. Identification of dialkyl diacetylene diols with potent cancer chemopreventive activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4020-3. [PMID: 26253633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An increasing importance of chemoprevention for controlling cancer risks prompted the discovery of new active cancer chemopreventive agents. In this study, we designed and synthesized substituted hexa-2,4-diyne-1,6-diols, more structurally simplified, tunable, and easily preparable than natural gymnasterkoreaynes, and evaluated their cancer chemopreventive activities by measuring concentration of doubling quinone reductase activity (CD), cell viability, and chemopreventive index (CI). Most of the diols exhibited good CD activity and low cytotoxicity. In particular, tetradeca-5,7-diyne-4,9-diol and 2-methyltetradeca-5,7-diyne-4,9-diol showed the best cancer chemopreventive activity, approximately equipotent to that of sulforaphane. And, by synthesizing optically active stereoisomers of selected active compounds, the effect of stereochemistry was also studied. Eventually, we produced a chemopreventive compound for in vivo study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ho Yun
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 290 Daejeon-dong, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsu Kang
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 290 Daejeon-dong, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu-Won Nho
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 290 Daejeon-dong, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Yun JH, Park YG, Lee KM, Kim J, Nho CW. Curcumin induces apoptotic cell death via Oct4 inhibition and GSK-3β activation in NCCIT cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1053-62. [PMID: 25755051 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) is a key regulator of pluripotent embryonic stem cell maintenance. However, increasing evidence has suggested that Oct4 is also expressed in cancer stem cells (CSCs) and is associated with tumor progression and chemoresistance. Curcumin (CUR) is a widely used cancer chemopreventive agent, and it has been used to treat several diseases including cancers. Here, we investigated whether CUR-induced apoptotic cell death by inhibiting Oct4 levels and examining molecular mechanisms in NCCIT human embryonic carcinoma cells. METHODS AND RESULTS CUR significantly inhibited Oct4 transcription levels in a dose-dependent manner by dual luciferase experiment, also decreased mRNA and protein levels in NCCIT human embryonic carcinoma cells, which express high levels of endogenous Oct4. Interestingly, we found that CUR treatment increased apoptotic cell death including subG0/G1 contents, cleavage caspases, and pro-apoptotic protein, as confirmed with a series of loss-of-function experiments using Oct4 siRNA. Furthermore, CUR induced marked total level of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β), resulting in an increase in apoptotic cell death, was evaluated using chemical inhibitor of GSK3-3β. CONCLUSION These data suggest that CUR induces apoptotic cell death through Oct4 inhibition and GSK-3β activation. Thus, CUR may be a useful cancer chemopreventive agent to suppress tumor progression or to improve chemoresistance by eliminating CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ho Yun
- Natural Products Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea.,Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Gyun Park
- Natural Products Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Natural Products Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Natural Products Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
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29
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Kang K, Song DG, Lee EH, Lee KM, Park YG, Jung SH, Pan CH, Nho CW. Secretome profiling reveals the signaling molecules of apoptotic HCT116 cells induced by the dietary polyacetylene gymnasterkoreayne B. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2353-2363. [PMID: 24571669 DOI: 10.1021/jf404047z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dietary polyacetylenes from various foods have been receiving attention as promising cancer chemopreventive agents. However, until now, the detailed molecular mechanism and the regulatory proteins underlying these effects have not been elucidated. We investigated the effects of gymnasterkoreayne B (GKB), a model dietary polyacetylene from wild vegetables, on the programmed cell death of HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. GKB inhibited HCT116 cell proliferation by inducing apoptotic cell death. GKB treatment resulted in ROS accumulation, leading to the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway. We also found that FN1, TGFB1, APP, SERPINE1, HSPD1, SOD1, TXN, and ACTN4 may act as secretory signaling molecules during GKB-induced apoptotic cell death using LC-MS/MS identification followed by spectrum counting, statistical calculation, and gene ontology analysis. The secretory proteins suggested in this study may be promising candidates involved in apoptotic cell death of cancer cells induced by GKB that warrant further functional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsu Kang
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-340, Republic of Korea
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30
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Kumar H, Kim IS, More SV, Kim BW, Choi DK. Natural product-derived pharmacological modulators of Nrf2/ARE pathway for chronic diseases. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:109-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Luna-López A, González-Puertos VY, Romero-Ontiveros J, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Zentella A, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Königsberg M. A noncanonical NF-κB pathway through the p50 subunit regulates Bcl-2 overexpression during an oxidative-conditioning hormesis response. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 63:41-50. [PMID: 23648765 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cells can respond to damage and stress by activating various repair and survival pathways. One of these responses can be induced by preconditioning the cells with sublethal stress to provoke a prosurvival response that will prevent damage and death, and which is known as hormesis. Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein recognized by its antioxidant and prosurvival functions, has been documented to play an important role during oxidative-conditioning hormesis. Using an oxidative-hormetic model, which was previously established in the L929 cell line by subjecting the cells to a mild oxidative stress of 50 μM H₂O₂ for 9 h, we identified two different transductional mechanisms that participate in the regulation of Bcl-2 expression during the hormetic response. These mechanisms converge in activating the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB. Interestingly, the noncanonical p50 subunit of the NF-κB family is apparently the subunit that participates during the oxidative-hormetic response.
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32
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Yang JJ, Tao H, Huang C, Li J. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2: a novel potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:421-7. [PMID: 23793039 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the key fibrogenic cells of the liver. HSC activation is a process of cellular transdifferentiation that occurs upon liver injury, but the mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis are unknown. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an oxidative stress-mediated transcription factor with a variety of downstream targets aimed at cytoprotection. However, Nrf2 has recently been implicated as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of liver fibrosis. This review focuses on the transcriptional repressors that either control liver injury or regulate specific fibrogenic functions of liver fibrosis. We also show that Nrf2 may reveal significant gene expression changes, suggesting that Nrf2 activation may ameliorate liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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33
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Mechanisms of Nrf2/Keap1-dependent phase II cytoprotective and detoxifying gene expression and potential cellular targets of chemopreventive isothiocyanates. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:839409. [PMID: 23781297 PMCID: PMC3679808 DOI: 10.1155/2013/839409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are abundantly found in cruciferous vegetables. Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic consumption of cruciferous vegetables can lower the overall risk of cancer. Natural ITCs are key chemopreventive ingredients of cruciferous vegetables, and one of the prime chemopreventive mechanisms of natural isothiocyanates is the induction of Nrf2/ARE-dependent gene expression that plays a critical role in cellular defense against electrophiles and reactive oxygen species. In the present review, we first discuss the underlying mechanisms how natural ITCs affect the intracellular signaling kinase cascades to regulate the Keap1/Nrf2 activities, thereby inducing phase II cytoprotective and detoxifying enzymes. We also discuss the potential cellular protein targets to which natural ITCs are directly conjugated and how these events aid in the chemopreventive effects of natural ITCs. Finally, we discuss the posttranslational modifications of Keap1 and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of Nrf2 in response to electrophiles and oxidants.
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