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Farshidpour M, Pace S, Volk ML. The clinical value of angiopoietin-2 in liver diseases. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2022; 19:244-247. [PMID: 36619892 PMCID: PMC9815690 DOI: 10.1002/cld.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Content available: Audio Recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Farshidpour
- Division of Gastroenterology and Transplant InstituteLoma Linda University HealthLoma LindaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Spencer Pace
- Department of Internal Medicine LomaLinda University HealthLoma LindaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael L. Volk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Transplant InstituteLoma Linda University HealthLoma LindaCaliforniaUSA
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2
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Ketkar M, Dutt S. Epigenetic Regulation Towards Acquired Drug Resistance in Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:473-502. [PMID: 36301503 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Therapy resistance remains the most challenging obstacle in cancer treatment. Substantial efforts and evidences have accumulated over decades suggesting not only genetic but non-genomic mechanisms underlying this adaptation of tumor cells. Alterations in epigenome can have a fundamental effect on cellular functions and response to stresses like anticancer therapy. This chapter discusses the principal mechanisms by which epigenetic modifications in the genome and transcriptome aid tumor cells toward acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Ketkar
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Shilpee Dutt
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
- ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Zhang S, Pan C, Shang Q, Wang W, Hu T, Liu P, Chen S, Wang J, Fang Q. Overexpressed mitogen-and stress-activated protein kinase 1 promotes the resistance of cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia through brahma related gene 1-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 917:174722. [PMID: 34953799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a major challenge in the current treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Finding specific molecules responsible for mediating drug resistance in AML contributes to the effective reversal of drug resistance. Recent studies have found that mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1) is of great significance in the occurrence and development of tumors. In the current study, MSK1 was found highly expressed in drug-resistant AML patients. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been previously validated to be associated with drug resistance in AML. Our study revealed a positive correlation between MSK1 and HO-1 in patient samples. In vitro experiments revealed that the sensitivity of AML cell lines THP-1 and U937 to cytarabine (Ara-C) significantly decreased after overexpression of MSK1. Meanwhile, downregulation of MSK1 by siRNA transfection or treatment of pharmacological inhibitor SB-747651A in AML cell lines and primary AML cells enhanced the sensitivity to Ara-C. Flow cytometry analysis showed that downregulation of MSK1 in AML cells accelerated apoptosis and arrested cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase. However, the increased cell sensitivity induced by MSK1 downregulation was reversed by the induction of HO-1 inducer Hemin. Through further mechanism exploration, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis demonstrated that brahma related gene 1 (BRG1) was involved in the regulatory effect of MSK1 on HO-1. High expression of MSK1 could promote the resistance of AML through BRG1-mediated upregulation of HO-1. Downregulation of MSK1 enhanced the sensitivity of AML cells to Ara-C. Our findings provide novel ideas for developing effective anti-AML targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chengyun Pan
- Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin Shang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Tianzhen Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.
| | - Qin Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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Vanderborght B, Lefere S, Vlierberghe HV, Devisscher L. The Angiopoietin/Tie2 Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112382. [PMID: 33143149 PMCID: PMC7693961 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the usually late diagnosis and lack of effective therapies, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which poses a growing global health problem, is characterized by a poor prognosis. Angiogenesis plays an important role in HCC progression, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietins (Angs) are key drivers of HCC angiogenesis. VEGF-targeting strategies already represent an important component of today’s systemic treatment landscape of HCC, whereas targeting the Ang/Tie2 signaling pathway may harbor future potential in this context due to reported beneficial anticancer effects when targeting this pathway. In addition, a better understanding of the relation between Angs and HCC angiogenesis and progression may reveal their potential as predictive factors for post-treatment disease progression and prognosis. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of the complex role of Ang/Tie2 signaling in HCC, pinpointing its potential value as biomarker and target for HCC treatments, aiding HCC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Vanderborght
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.V.); (S.L.); (H.V.V.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander Lefere
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.V.); (S.L.); (H.V.V.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.V.); (S.L.); (H.V.V.)
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-332-56-65
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Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 activation is involved in melanocortin-induced BDNF expression in Neuro2a neuronal cells. Neuroreport 2020; 31:1007-1014. [PMID: 32815825 PMCID: PMC7467152 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortins are neuropeptides exerting versatile functions in the nervous system. Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is primarily expressed in the brain and is thought to be a major mediator for melanocortin. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be a crucial downstream molecule of MC4R activation, to yield neurite outgrowth, neuroregenerative, anorexigenic and other actions. In this study, we stimulated Neuro2a murine neuronal cells with an α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analog, [Nle(4), D-Phe(7)]melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH). In Neuro2a cells, NDP-MSH promoted neurite outgrowth. Upon NDP-MSH administration, BDNF expression was greatly enhanced. Furthermore, this effect was effectively reversed by the MC4R antagonist, JKC-363. We found that NDP-MSH treatment activated the ERK cascade and its downstream kinase MSK1 (mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1). Antagonism of the MSK1 cascade by a specific inhibitor or overexpression of a defective MSK1 mutant interrupted the phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), blocking BDNF upregulation. In addition, MSK1 activation triggered an epigenetic alteration in histone H3 (Ser10), facilitating the expression of the BDNF gene. Taken together, our results showed that MSK1 kinase positively activates MC4R-induced BDNF expression via modulating the phosphorylation of CREB and histone H3 in Neuro2a neuronal cells.
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Abdul Pari AA, Singhal M, Hübers C, Mogler C, Schieb B, Gampp A, Gengenbacher N, Reynolds LE, Terhardt D, Géraud C, Utikal J, Thomas M, Goerdt S, Hodivala-Dilke KM, Augustin HG, Felcht M. Tumor Cell-Derived Angiopoietin-2 Promotes Metastasis in Melanoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2586-2598. [PMID: 32303578 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The angiopoietin (Angpt)-TIE signaling pathway controls vascular maturation and maintains the quiescent phenotype of resting vasculature. The contextual agonistic and antagonistic Tie2 ligand ANGPT2 is believed to be exclusively produced by endothelial cells, disrupting constitutive ANGPT1-TIE2 signaling to destabilize the microvasculature during pathologic disorders like inflammation and cancer. However, scattered reports have also portrayed tumor cells as a source of ANGPT2. Employing ISH-based detection of ANGPT2, we found strong tumor cell expression of ANGPT2 in a subset of patients with melanoma. Comparative analysis of biopsies revealed a higher fraction of ANGPT2-expressing tumor cells in metastatic versus primary sites. Tumor cell-expressed Angpt2 was dispensable for primary tumor growth, yet in-depth analysis of primary tumors revealed enhanced intratumoral necrosis upon silencing of tumor cell Angpt2 expression in the absence of significant immune and vascular alterations. Global transcriptional profiling of Angpt2-deficient tumor cells identified perturbations in redox homeostasis and an increased response to cellular oxidative stress. Ultrastructural analyses illustrated a significant increase of dysfunctional mitochondria in Angpt2-silenced tumor cells, thereby resulting in enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and downstream MAPK stress signaling. Functionally, enhanced ROS in Angpt2-silenced tumor cells reduced colonization potential in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these findings uncover the hitherto unappreciated role of tumor cell-expressed ANGPT2 as an autocrine-positive regulator of metastatic colonization and validate ANGPT2 as a therapeutic target for a well-defined subset of patients with melanoma. SIGNIFICANCE: This study reveals that tumor cells can be a source of ANGPT2 in the tumor microenvironment and that tumor cell-derived ANGPT2 augments metastatic colonization by protecting tumor cells from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashik Ahmed Abdul Pari
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Germany
| | - Mahak Singhal
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Germany
| | - Corinne Hübers
- Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venerology und Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schieb
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Germany
| | - Anja Gampp
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Germany
| | - Nicolas Gengenbacher
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Germany
| | - Louise E Reynolds
- Center for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Center, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothee Terhardt
- Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Germany
| | - Cyrill Géraud
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venerology und Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology und Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Thomas
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venerology und Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kairbaan M Hodivala-Dilke
- Center for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Center, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. .,Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Germany.,German Cancer consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Felcht
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. .,Department of Dermatology, Venerology und Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Huang R, Gu W, Sun B, Gao L. Identification of COL4A1 as a potential gene conferring trastuzumab resistance in gastric cancer based on bioinformatics analysis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6387-6396. [PMID: 29512712 PMCID: PMC5928613 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab, the first targeted antibody against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), has been used to treat gastric cancer patients with HER2 overexpression. However, trastuzumab resistance often occurs following an initial period of benefits, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. The present study revealed that collagen type IV α1 chain (COL4A1), whose expression is upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and trastuzumab-resistant gastric cancer cells, may potentially confer trastuzumab resistance in gastric cancer. By performing bioinformatics analysis of 2 microarray datasets, the present study initially identified COL4A1, overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and trastuzumab-resistant gastric cancer cells, as a potential candidate for inducing trastuzumab resistance. The drug resistance function of COL4A1 in gastric cancer was then validated by performing protein/gene interactions and biological process annotation analyses, and further validated by analyzing the functionality of microRNAs that target COL4A1 mRNA. Collectively, these data indicated that COL4A1 may confer trastuzumab resistance in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Huang
- Department of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Department of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 210 Hospital of PLA, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
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Fu X, Fan X, Hu J, Zou H, Chen Z, Liu Q, Ni B, Tan X, Su Q, Wang J, Wang L, Wang J. Overexpression of MSK1 is associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Dig Liver Dis 2017; 49:683-691. [PMID: 28314603 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1) has recently been implicated in cell proliferation and neoplastic transformation. However, the involvement of MSK1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been addressed. This study aimed to evaluate the expression and potential functions of MSK1 in CRC. METHODS The MSK1 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry, western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The associations between clinicopathological characteristics and MSK1 expression were assessed. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models were carried out. CRC cells with MSK1 knockdown or overexpression were generated. A range of experiments were performed to demonstrate MSK1's role in CRC. RESULTS MSK1 was overexpressed in 148 out of 329 CRC patients. CRC patients with high MSK1 expression had shorter overall survival than those with low MSK1 (P=0.033), especially among patients with stage III tumors (P=0.005). Knockdown of MSK1 in CRC cells suppressed cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration and invasion, and promoted 5-fluorouracil chemosensitivity and intracellular NADP+/NADPH ratio. However, overexpression of MSK1 had the opposite effects. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of MSK1 is associated with poor prognosis in CRC and is connected to tumor aggressiveness. MSK1 is a potential target for new therapies and a candidate of biomarker for prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Fu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinjuan Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhi Zou
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zhiting Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Beibei Ni
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Su
- Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of GI Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jianping Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Guo W, Zheng Y, Xu B, Ma F, Li C, Zhang X, Wang Y, Chang X. Investigating the expression, effect and tumorigenic pathway of PADI2 in tumors. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1475-1485. [PMID: 28331341 PMCID: PMC5352236 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s92389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) catalyzes the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline residues, termed citrullination. Recent studies have suggested that PAD isoform 2 (PADI2) plays an important role in tumors, although its tumorigenic effect and mechanism are largely unknown. Materials and methods Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to investigate the expression level of PADI2 in various tumor tissues and patient blood samples, respectively. MNK-45 and Bel-7402 tumor cell lines originating from gastric and liver tumors, respectively, were treated with anti-PADI2 siRNA, and the subsequent cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration were observed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays, including Cancer PathwayFinder, Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes, p53 Signaling Pathway, Signal Transduction Pathway and Tumor Metastasis PCR arrays, were used to investigate the tumorigenic pathway of PADI2 in the siRNA-treated tumor cells. This analysis was verified by real-time PCR. Results Immunohistochemistry detected significantly increased expression of PADI2 in invasive breast ductal carcinoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma samples. ELISA detected a twofold increase in PADI2 expression in the blood of 48.3% of patients with liver cancer, 38% of patients with cervical carcinoma and 32% of patients with gastric carcinoma. Increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation and migration were observed in the anti-PADI2 siRNA-treated MNK-45 cells, and increased cell proliferation and migration and decreased apoptosis were observed in the treated Bel-7402 cells with suppressed PADI2 expression. PCR arrays and real-time PCR detected significantly decreased CXCR2 and EPO expression in the MNK-45 cells and Bel-7402 cells, respectively, with the anti-PADI2 siRNA treatments. Conclusion PADI2 expression is increased in many types of tumor tissues and patient blood samples. PADI2 may advance abnormal cell behavior in gastric cancers by mediating CXCR2, a well-known gene that stimulates cell proliferation and invasion. However, PADI2 might have deleterious effects on tumor growth and metastasis in liver tumor cells by regulating the expression of EPO, a gene with controversial functions in tumor growth. The results suggest that the effect of PADI2 on tumorigenesis is multifactorial, depending on the tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Obstetrical Department, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong
| | - Yabing Zheng
- Obstetrical Department, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong
| | - Bing Xu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital
| | - Fang Ma
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital
| | - Chang Li
- Pathology Department, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, PKU Care Luzhong Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital
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Miklos W, Heffeter P, Pirker C, Hager S, Kowol CR, van Schoonhoven S, Stojanovic M, Keppler BK, Berger W. Loss of phosphodiesterase 4D mediates acquired triapine resistance via Epac-Rap1-Integrin signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 7:84556-84574. [PMID: 27602951 PMCID: PMC5356681 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Triapine, an anticancer thiosemicarbazone, is currently under clinical investigation. Whereas promising results were obtained in hematological diseases, trials in solid tumors widely failed. To understand mechanisms causing triapine insensitivity, we have analysed genomic alterations in a triapine-resistant SW480 subline (SW480/tria). Only one distinct genomic loss was observed specifically in SW480/tria cells affecting the phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) gene locus. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of PDE4D resulted in significant triapine resistance in SW480 cells. Hence, we concluded that enhanced cyclic AMP levels might confer protection against triapine. Indeed, hyperactivation of both major downstream pathways, namely the protein kinase A (PKA)-cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) and the exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac)-Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) signaling axes, was observed in SW480/tria cells. Unexpectedly, inhibition of PKA did not re-sensitize SW480/tria cells against triapine. In contrast, Epac activation resulted in distinct triapine resistance in SW480 cells. Conversely, knock-down of Epac expression and pharmacological inhibition of Rap1 re-sensitized SW480/tria cells against triapine. Rap1 is a well-known regulator of integrins. Accordingly, SW480/tria cells displayed enhanced plasma membrane expression of several integrin subunits, enhanced adhesion especially to RGD-containing matrix components, and bolstered activation/expression of the integrin downstream effectors Src and RhoA/Rac. Accordingly, integrin and Src inhibition resulted in potent triapine re-sensitization especially of SW480/tria cells. In summary, we describe for the first time integrin activation based on cAMP-Epac-Rap1 signaling as acquired drug resistance mechanism. combinations of triapine with inhibitors of several steps in this resistance cascade might be feasible strategies to overcome triapine insensitivity of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Miklos
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University Vienna and Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Hager
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University Vienna and Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sushilla van Schoonhoven
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjana Stojanovic
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University Vienna and Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University Vienna and Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Shneor D, Folberg R, Pe'er J, Honigman A, Frenkel S. Stable knockdown of CREB, HIF-1 and HIF-2 by replication-competent retroviruses abrogates the responses to hypoxia in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 24:64-74. [PMID: 27934882 PMCID: PMC5339434 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The fast proliferation of tumor cells develops faster than the vasculature, resulting, in most malignant tumors, in generation of hypoxic regions. Hypoxia renders solid tumors resistant to radiation and chemotherapeutics while providing opportunities for tumor-selective therapies targeting tumor hypoxia. Here we exploit two properties of tumors: propagation of tumor cells and ongoing generation of hypoxic regions to construct a system that preferentially leads to the death of tumor cells and thus hinders tumor growth. We constructed murine leukemia virus replication-competent (RCR) viruses that infect only propagating cells. These viruses express small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting cyclic AMP-response-element binding protein (CREB), hypoxia-inducible factors 1 (HIF)-1 or HIF-2 individually or all three together (X3). These viruses efficiently infected in vitro human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 and FLC4) cells and established persistence of the virus and knocked down the expression of the regulators of the hypoxia-responding genes. Knockdown of either HIF-1 or CREB or both in hypoxia reduced the expression of hypoxia-response elements- and CRE-mediated gene expression, diminished cell proliferation and increased caspase-3 activity. We did not detect any significant effect of the efficiently knocked down HIF-2 on any of the functions tested in vitro. Moreover, severe combined immunodeficiency mice implanted subcutaneously with HepG2 stably infected with recombinant RCRs showed reduction of tumor growth and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and no hypoxia-guided neovascularization. Combined treatment (RCRs+doxorubicin) improved efficacy in the context of in vitro hypoxia and in vivo (with either vACE-CREB or vACE-X3). This synergistic effect may lead to an improved efficacy and safety profile of the treatment that may result in fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Shneor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R Folberg
- Departments of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - J Pe'er
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Honigman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Biotechnology, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Frenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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12
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Jang KS, Kang S, Woo SH, Bae JY, Shin KO. Effects of combined open kinetic chain and closed kinetic chain training using pulley exercise machines on muscle strength and angiogenesis factors. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:960-6. [PMID: 27134393 PMCID: PMC4842474 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of combined open kinetic chain and closed
kinetic chain training using pulley exercise machines on muscle strength, anaerobic power,
and blood levels of angiogenesis factors. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty male university
students were equally divided between control and pulley training groups. The
pulley-training group underwent 8 weeks of combined training. Open kinetic chain training
consisted of 2 sets of 10 repetitions at 60% of one repetition maximum; closed kinetic
chain training consisted of 2 sets of 10 repetitions of resistance exercise using the
subject’s own body weight. Isokinetic strength (trunk and knee), anaerobic power, vascular
endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and follistatin were analyzed.
[Results] After 8 weeks, flexor and extensor muscle strength significantly increased in
the trunk and knee; average and peak power also increased significantly. Angiopoietin 1
increased 25% in the control group and 48% in the pulley training group; vascular
endothelial growth factor and follistatin increased significantly in the pulley-training
group after 8 weeks. [Conclusion] Eight weeks of combined training using pulley exercise
machines effectively increased biochemical factors related to muscle growth, as well as
muscle strength in the trunk and knees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Soeng Jang
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, College of Sports Science, Dong-A University: Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwun Kang
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Division of Sport Science, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Woo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, College of Sports Science, Dong-A University: Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yong Bae
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, College of Sports Science, Dong-A University: Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ok Shin
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, College of Sports Science, Dong-A University: Busan, Republic of Korea
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13
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Signaling Network Map of Endothelial TEK Tyrosine Kinase. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2014; 2014:173026. [PMID: 25371820 PMCID: PMC4211299 DOI: 10.1155/2014/173026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
TEK tyrosine kinase is primarily expressed on endothelial cells and is most commonly referred to as TIE2. TIE2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase modulated by its ligands, angiopoietins, to regulate the development and remodeling of vascular system. It is also one of the critical pathways associated with tumor angiogenesis and familial venous malformations. Apart from the vascular system, TIE2 signaling is also associated with postnatal hematopoiesis. Despite the involvement of TIE2-angiopoietin system in several diseases, the downstream molecular events of TIE2-angiopoietin signaling are not reported in any pathway repository. Therefore, carrying out a detailed review of published literature, we have documented molecular signaling events mediated by TIE2 in response to angiopoietins and developed a network map of TIE2 signaling. The pathway information is freely available to the scientific community through NetPath, a manually curated resource of signaling pathways. We hope that this pathway resource will provide an in-depth view of TIE2-angiopoietin signaling and will lead to identification of potential therapeutic targets for TIE2-angiopoietin associated disorders.
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14
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Westbom CM, Shukla A, MacPherson MB, Yasewicz EC, Miller JM, Beuschel SL, Steele C, Pass HI, Vacek PM, Shukla A. CREB-induced inflammation is important for malignant mesothelioma growth. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2816-27. [PMID: 25111229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive tumor with no treatment regimen. Previously we have demonstrated that cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) is constitutively activated in MM tumor cells and tissues and plays an important role in MM pathogenesis. To understand the role of CREB in MM tumor growth, we generated CREB-inhibited MM cell lines and performed in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CREB inhibition results in significant attenuation of proliferation and drug resistance of MM cells. CREB-silenced MM cells were then injected into severe combined immunodeficiency mice, and tumor growth in s.c. and i.p. models of MM was followed. We observed significant inhibition in MM tumor growth in both s.c. and i.p. models and the presence of a chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin, further inhibited MM tumor growth in the i.p. model. Peritoneal lavage fluids from CREB-inhibited tumor-bearing mice showed a significantly reduced total cell number, differential cell counts, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor). In vitro studies showed that asbestos-induced inflammasome/inflammation activation in mesothelial cells was CREB dependent, further supporting the role of CREB in inflammation-induced MM pathogenesis. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the involvement of CREB in the regulation of MM pathogenesis by regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Westbom
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Anurag Shukla
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Elizabeth C Yasewicz
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jill M Miller
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Stacie L Beuschel
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Pamela M Vacek
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
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15
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Sun XP, Dong X, Lin L, Jiang X, Wei Z, Zhai B, Sun B, Zhang Q, Wang X, Jiang H, Krissansen GW, Qiao H, Sun X. Up-regulation of survivin by AKT and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α contributes to cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer. FEBS J 2013; 281:115-28. [PMID: 24165223 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the contribution of survivin and its upstream regulators, AKT and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), to the resistance of gastric cancer cells to cisplatin (CDDP). We found that over-expression of survivin increased the resistance of SGC7901 and BGC823 gastric cancer cells to CDDP. Its over-expression abrogated CDDP-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and CDDP-induced cell apoptosis. In contrast, down-regulation of survivin expression using small hairpin RNA (shRNA) vectors and the small-molecule inhibitor YM155, or inhibition of survivin function using a recombinant cell-permeable dominant-negative survivin protein (dNSur9), promoted CDDP-induced apoptosis. CDDP-resistant sub-lines generated from the parental SGC7901 and BGC823 cells by exposure to increasing concentrations of CDDP expressed higher levels of HIF-1α and survivin in response to hypoxia, and higher levels of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT). Specific inhibition of AKT reduced the expression of HIF-1α and survivin, whereas specific inhibition or depletion of HIF-1α reduced survivin expression but had no effect on the expression of phosphorylated AKT. The expression levels of survivin affected the therapeutic efficacy of CDDP in treating gastric tumors in mice. Specific inhibition of survivin, AKT and HIF-1α enhanced the sensitivity of CDDP-resistant cells to CDDP. Specific inhibition of survivin, AKT and HIF-1α synergized with CDDP to suppress the growth of gastric tumors that had been engineered to overexpress survivin. In summary, the results provide evidence that up-regulation of survivin by AKT and HIF-1α contributes to CDDP resistance, indicating that inhibition of these pathways may be a potential strategy for overcoming CDDP resistance in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Pu Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
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