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Chen F, Zhang W, Gao X, Yuan H, Liu K. The Role of Small Interfering RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024; 55:26-40. [PMID: 37432548 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-023-00911-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary liver cancer with high mortality, is the most common malignant tumor in the world. Currently, the effect of routine treatment is poor, especially for this kind of cancer with strong heterogeneity and late detection. In the past decades, the researches of gene therapy for HCC based on small interfering RNA have blossomed everywhere. This is a promising therapeutic strategy, but the application of siRNA is limited by the discovery of effective molecular targets and the delivery system targeting HCC. As the deepening of research, scientists have developed many effective delivery systems and found more new therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS This paper mainly reviews the research on HCC treatment based on siRNA in recent years, and summarizes and classifies the HCC treatment targets and siRNA delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Biopharmaceutical, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xinran Gao
- Department of Biopharmaceutical, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Biopharmaceutical, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Kehai Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Kaukulis M, Rucins M, Lacis D, Plotniece A, Sobolev A. Development of Self-Assembling bis-1,4-Dihydropyridines: Detailed Studies of Bromination of Four Methyl Groups and Bromine Nucleophilic Substitution. Molecules 2023; 29:161. [PMID: 38202746 PMCID: PMC10779897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most important steps in the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) amphiphiles is the bromination of methyl groups in positions 2 and 6 of the entire ring. However, up to now, only N-bromosuccinimide was mainly used for bromination 1,4-DHPs. In this work, the synthesis of bis-1,4-DHP derivatives with ethyl and dodecyl ester groups attached to 1,4-DHP ring at positions 3 and 5 was performed by Hantzsch synthesis. The experimental studies were carried out to find out the best conditions and the agent for the tetra bromination of bis-1,4-DHP methyl groups at positions 2 and 6. Four different brominating agents were screened. The use of pyridinium bromide-perbromide in ethyl acetate was found to be optimal for the bromination of methyl groups. The bromination reaction was followed by the synthesis of cationic pyridine moiety containing amphiphilic bis-1,4-DHP derivatives. By nucleophilic substitution of bromine with various substituted pyridines, 12 new amphiphilic bis-1,4-DHP derivatives were obtained. Evaluation of self-assembling properties of tetracationic bis-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements was also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martins Kaukulis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (M.R.); (D.L.); (A.P.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Martins Rucins
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (M.R.); (D.L.); (A.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Davis Lacis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (M.R.); (D.L.); (A.P.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Aiva Plotniece
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (M.R.); (D.L.); (A.P.); (A.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradiņš University, Konsula 21, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arkadij Sobolev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (M.R.); (D.L.); (A.P.); (A.S.)
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Alipour M, Sheikhnejad R, Fouani MH, Bardania H, Hosseinkhani S. DNAi-peptide nanohybrid smart particles target BCL-2 oncogene and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115299. [PMID: 37573657 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic DNA sequences provide unique target sites, with high druggability value, for treatment of genetically-linked diseases like cancer. B-cell lymphoma protein-2 (BCL-2) prevents Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and Bcl-2 antagonist killer 1 (BAK) oligomerization, which would otherwise lead to the release of several apoptogenic molecules from the mitochondrion. It is also known that BCL-2 binds to and inactivates BAX and other pro-apoptotic proteins, thereby inhibiting apoptosis. BCL-2 protein family, through its role in regulation of apoptotic pathways, is possibly related to chemo-resistance in almost half of all cancer types including breast cancer. Here for the first time, we have developed a nanohybrid using a peptide-based carrier and a Deoxyribonucleic acid inhibitor (DNAi) against BCL-2 oncogene to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The genetically designed nanocarrier was functionalized with an internalizing RGD (iRGD) targeting motif and successfully produced by recombinant DNA technology. Gel retardation assay demonstrated that the peptide-based carrier binds single-stranded DNAi upon simple mixing. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses further revealed the formation of nanohybrid particles with a size of 30 nm and a slightly positive charge. This hemocompatible nanohybrid efficiently delivered its contents into cancer cells using iRGD targeting moiety. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the nanohybrids, which contained DNAi against BCL-2 proficiently suppressed the expression of this oncogene in a sequence specific manner. In addition, the nanohybrid, triggered release of cytochrome c (cyt c) and caspase3/7 activation with high efficiency. Although the DNAi and free nanocarrier were separately unable to affect the cell viability, the nanohybrid of 20 nM of DNAi showed outstanding antineoplastic potential, which was adjusted by the ratio of the MiRGD nanocarrier to DNAi. It should be noted that, the designed nanohybrid showed a suitable specificity profile and did not affect the viability of normal cells. The results suggest that this nanohybrid may be useful for robust breast cancer treatment through targeting the BCL-2 oncogene without any side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Alipour
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran; Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Sheikhnejad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Tofigh Daru Co. (TODACO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Hassan Fouani
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Bardania
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Yadav P, Dua C, Bajaj A. Advances in Engineered Biomaterials Targeting Angiogenesis and Cell Proliferation for Cancer Therapy. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200152. [PMID: 36103616 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy in combination with chemotherapeutic agents is an effective strategy for cancer treatment. However, this combination therapy is associated with several challenges including non-specific biodistribution leading to systemic toxicity. Biomaterial-mediated codelivery of chemotherapeutic and anti-angiogenic agents can exploit their passive and active targeting abilities, leading to improved drug accumulation at the tumor site and therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we present the progress made in the field of engineered biomaterials for codelivery of chemotherapeutic and antiangiogenic agents. We present advances in engineering of liposome/hydrogel/micelle-based biomaterials for delivery of combination of anticancer and anti-angiogenesis drugs, or combination of anticancer and siRNA targeting angiogenesis, and targeted nanoparticles. We then present our perspective on developing strategies for targeting angiogenesis and cell proliferation for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Yadav
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Chhavi Dua
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
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Liang J, Guo S, Bai M, Huang M, Qu Y, Zhao Y, Song Y. Stimulus-responsive hybrid nanoparticles based on multiple lipids for the co-delivery of doxorubicin and Sphk2-siRNA and breast cancer therapy. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 171:113532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhao C, Chen Q, Li W, Zhang J, Yang C, Chen D. Multi-functional platelet membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles reduce neuronal apoptosis and regulate microglial phenotype during ischemic injury. APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY 2022; 27:101412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- Changchun Children's Hospital, 1321Beian Road, Changchun, Jilin 130051, China
| | | | | | | | - Chunrong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
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7
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Sahu R, Pattanayak SP. Strategic Developments & Future Perspective on Gene Therapy for Breast Cancer: Role of mTOR and Brk/ PTK6 as Molecular Targets. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 20:237-258. [PMID: 32807051 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220999200731002408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a serious health issue and a major concern in biomedical research. Alteration in major signaling (viz. PI3K-AKT-mTOR, Ras-Raf-MEK-Erk, NF-kB, cyclin D1, JAK-STAT, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog signaling and apoptotic pathway) contributes to the development of major subtypes of mammary carcinoma such as HER2 positive, TNBC, luminal A and B and normal-like breast cancer. Further, mutation and expression parameters of different genes involved in the growth and development of cells play an important role in the progress of different types of carcinoma, making gene therapy an emerging new therapeutic approach for the management of life-threatening diseases like cancer. The genetic targets (oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes) play a major role in the formation of a tumor. Brk/PTK6 and mTOR are two central molecules that are involved in the regulation of numerous signaling related to cell growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, survival, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and autophagy. Since these two proteins are highly upregulated in mammary carcinogenesis, this can be used as targeted genes for the treatment of breast cancer. However, not much work has been done on them. This review highlights the therapeutic significance of Brk and mTOR and their associated signaling in mammary carcinogenesis, which may provide a strategy to develop gene therapy for breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roja Sahu
- Division of Advanced Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand- 835 215, India
| | - Shakti P Pattanayak
- Division of Advanced Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand- 835 215, India,Department of Pharmacy, Central University of South Bihar (Gaya), Bihar-824 236, India
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8
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Multifunctional polymeric micellar nanomedicine in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112186. [PMID: 34082985 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles are a prevalent topic of research for the past decade, especially concerning their fitting ability to deliver drug and diagnostic agents. This delivery system offers outstanding advantages, such as biocompatibility, high loading efficiency, water-solubility, and good stability in biological fluids, to name a few. The multifunctional polymeric micellar architect offers the added capability to adapt its surface to meet the looked-for clinical needs. This review cross-talks the recent reports, proof-of-concept studies, patents, and clinical trials that utilize polymeric micellar family architectures concerning cancer targeted delivery of anticancer drugs, gene therapeutics, and diagnostic agents. The manuscript also expounds on the underlying opportunities, allied challenges, and ways to resolve their bench-to-bedside translation for allied clinical applications.
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9
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Synergistic Effect of Doxorubicin and siRNA-Mediated Silencing of Mcl-1 Using Cationic Niosomes against 3D MCF-7 Spheroids. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040550. [PMID: 33919902 PMCID: PMC8070967 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a vital option for cancer treatment; however, its therapeutic outcomes are limited by dose-dependent toxicity and the occurrence of chemoresistance. siRNAs have emerged as an attractive therapeutic option enabling specific interference with target genes. Combination therapy using chemotherapeutic agents along with gene therapy could be a potential strategy for cancer management, which not only improves therapeutic efficacy but also decreases untoward effects from dose reduction. In this study, a cationic niosome containing plier-like cationic lipid B was used to convey siRNA against anti-apoptotic mRNA into MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Mcl-1 silencing markedly decreased the viability of MCF-7 cells and triggered apoptosis. Moreover, computer modeling suggested that the combination of doxorubicin (Dox) and Mcl-1 siRNA exhibited a synergistic relationship and enabled a dose reduction of each agent at 1.71 and 3.91 folds, respectively, to reach a 90% inhibitory effect when compared to single-agent treatments. Synergistic antitumor activity was further verified in a 3D spheroid culture which revealed, in contrast to single-agent treatment, the combination markedly decreased spheroid volume over time. Together, the combination therapy between Mcl-1 silencing and Dox exhibits a synergistic effect that may be exploited for novel breast cancer treatment.
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Sheena TS, Dhivya R, Rajiu V, Jeganathan K, Palaniandavar M, Mathan G, Akbarsha MA. Folate-engineered mesoporous silica-encapsulated copper (II) complex [Cu(L)(dppz)]+: An active targeting cell-specific platform for breast cancer therapy. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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11
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UV-light cross-linked and pH de-cross-linked coumarin-decorated cationic copolymer grafted mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug and gene co-delivery in vitro. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 108:110469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Efficient nanocarriers of siRNA therapeutics for cancer treatment. Transl Res 2019; 214:62-91. [PMID: 31369717 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarriers as drug delivery systems are promising and becoming popular, especially for cancer treatment. In addition to improving the pharmacokinetics of poorly soluble hydrophobic drugs by solubilizing them in a hydrophobic core, nanocarriers allow cancer-specific combination drug deliveries by inherent passive targeting phenomena and adoption of active targeting strategies. Nanoparticle-drug formulations can enhance the safety, pharmacokinetic profiles, and bioavailability of locally or systemically administered drugs, leading to improved therapeutic efficacy. Gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly developing as a personalized field of cancer treatment. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used to switch off specific cancer genes, in effect, "silence the gene, silence the cancer." siRNA can be used to silence specific genes that produce harmful or abnormal proteins. The activity of siRNA can be used to harness cellular machinery to destroy a corresponding sequence of mRNA that encodes a disease-causing protein. At present, the main barrier to implementing siRNA therapies in clinical practice is the lack of an effective delivery system that protects the siRNA from nuclease degradation, delivers to it to cancer cells, and releases it into the cytoplasm of targeted cancer cells, without creating adverse effects. This review provides an overview of various nanocarrier formulations in both research and clinical applications with a focus on combinations of siRNA and chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems for the treatment of multidrug resistant cancer. The use of various nanoparticles for siRNA-drug delivery, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, inorganic nanoparticles, exosomes, and red blood cells for targeted drug delivery in cancer is discussed.
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Liu Y, Li K, Wu Y, Ma J, Tang P, Liu Y, Wu D. PVA reinforced gossypolone and doxorubicin π-π stacking nanoparticles towards tumor targeting and ultralow dose synergistic chemotherapy. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:3662-3674. [PMID: 31179466 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00674e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To improve the tumor synergistic therapeutic effects of carrier-free dual-drug delivery systems and realize ultralow dose administration, we developed a tumor targeting and high-efficiency synergistic chemotherapy system (HA-Gn@DPGn NPs) based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) reinforced gossypolone (Gn) and doxorubicin (DOX) π-π stacking nanoparticles (DPGn NPs), in which PVA filled the gaps between Gn and DOX and bridged Gn and DOX tightly. Hyaluronic acid modifier hyaluronic acid-gossypolone (HA-Gn) was covered on the surface of DPGn NPs to form HA-Gn@DPGn NPs that procured active targeting properties. This system presented a spherical shape with a uniform hydrodynamic size of 87 ± 6.8 nm, a high drug loading of 80.31%, and high stability. FTIR and UV spectra demonstrated that HA-Gn was covered on the surface of the system and showed significant π-π stacking properties. A considerably low combination index of Gn and DOX (0.1862) was determined at an ultra-low dose of DOX under a Gn : DOX ratio of 50 : 1. HA-Gn@DPGn NPs also demonstrated excellent tumor synergistic therapeutic efficacy (TIR > 87%) at an ultralow dose of DOX and Gn. This system demonstrates high tumor comprehensive synergistic therapeutic efficacy at an ultralow drug dose with multiple favorable therapeutic characteristics, including negligible side effects, tumor targeting ability and thermal-responsive drug release, and thus has considerable potential for tumor synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Yao Y, Wang T, Liu Y, Zhang N. Co-delivery of sorafenib and VEGF-siRNA via pH-sensitive liposomes for the synergistic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1374-1383. [PMID: 30977418 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1596943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral nanocarrier affords a platform for drug and siRNA combination, the focus of which is to load drug and siRNA into a single carrier, allowing for co-delivery and a synergistic effect at tumour site. In our previous study, pH-sensitive carboxymethyl chitosan-modified liposomes (CMCS-SiSf-CL) were assembled for sorafenib (Sf) and Cy3-siRNA co-loaded. The present study evaluated in vitro and in vivo co-delivery of the co-loaded liposomes. Further, in vitro inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma of the pH-sensitive sorafenib (Sf) and VEGF-siRNA co-loaded liposomes was discussed. The experimental results demonstrated co-delivery and penetration into 2-dimensional (2D) cultured HepG2 cells, 3-dimensional (3D) cultured HepG2 tumour spheroids and tumour regions of H22 tumour-bearing mice. Compared with free siRNA and single loaded carrier, co-delivery liposomes exhibited enhanced VEGF downregulating effect, inducing cell early apoptosis. Therefore, the CMCS-SiSf-CL delivery system can lay the foundation for the co-delivery systems development and provide new area for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- a Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , People's republic of China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , People's republic of China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , People's republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , People's republic of China
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Du B, Ding X, Wang H, Du Q, Xu T, Huang J, Zhou J, Cheng G. Development of an interactive tumor vascular suppression strategy to inhibit multidrug resistance and metastasis with pH/H2O2 responsive and oxygen-producing nanohybrids. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:4784-4793. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00546c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An ideal cancer therapeutic strategy should not only reverse multidrug resistance (MDR), but also prevent cancer metastasis. In this study, we address these cancer treatment challenges through an interactive vascular suppression strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Qian Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Tianguo Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Jingshu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation
| | - Genyang Cheng
- Department of Nephrology
- the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
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Zhang L, Su H, Liu Y, Pang N, Li J, Qi XR. Enhancing solid tumor therapy with sequential delivery of dexamethasone and docetaxel engineered in a single carrier to overcome stromal resistance to drug delivery. J Control Release 2018; 294:1-16. [PMID: 30527754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicines are often designed to target and treat solid tumors. Unfortunately, tumor and stroma composed of dense extracellular matrix, abnormal vascular barriers, elevated interstitial fluid pressure, et al., which impede the access and accumulation of nanomedicines into tumors. Strategies to disrupt these deterministic obstacles require a unique combination of promoter drugs and cytotoxic agents to target stroma and tumor simultaneously. Here, we engineered a novel strategy by co-delivery dexamethasone (DEX) and docetaxel (DTX) in the 2-in-1 liposome, namely (DEX + DTX)-Lip, with sequential release property. We proved that the engineered liposomal therapy approach could potentially achieve two objectives in tumor drug delivery: modulate tumor stroma and promote drug penetration and accumulation in tumor. Thus more DTX tenured in intratumoral site to kill tumor cells in a strong way with minimize systemic toxicity. The sequentially released liposomes won excellent antitumor efficacy in multifarious models, including KB, multidrug resistant KBv and metastatic 4 T1 tumor models and low toxicities compared with the combination of free drugs in vivo. Moreover, they demonstrated the potential of prevention tumor cells colonization and anti-metastasis in vivo models. These findings give insights in overcoming the deterministic stroma obstacles and provide a rational strategy to increase antitumor efficacy of combination nanomedicines with practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haitao Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ji Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xian-Rong Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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A novel combinatorial treatment option for metastatic uveal melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26096-26108. [PMID: 29899845 PMCID: PMC5995237 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most frequent intraocular tumor in adult patients. When metastases occur, systemic therapy with alkylating agents (fotemustine or dacarbazine (DTIC)) has shown only modest efficacy. The common chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) is not used to treat metastatic UM (mUM). To expand the chemotherapeutic arsenal for mUM, we tested the effect of DOX on UM cell mortality. We have previously shown that CREB knockdown enhances sensitivity to DOX. UM cells infected with recombinant MuLV-based replicative competent retroviruses (RCR) expressing shRNA targeting CREB were co-treated with either DTIC or DOX. We found that CREB knockdown increases the sensitivity of these cells to both DOX and DTIC in normoxia and more so in hypoxia as measured by cell survival and Caspase 3 activation. The ability to combine CREB knockdown by infection with the RCR recombinant virus which preferentially infects replicating tumor cells and chemotherapy to achieve the same amount of cell death in lower concentrations may result in fewer side effects of the drugs. This combination is a possible new treatment for mUM.
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18
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Zhao CY, Cheng R, Yang Z, Tian ZM. Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy Based on Chemotherapy. Molecules 2018; 23:E826. [PMID: 29617302 PMCID: PMC6017446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been widely applied in clinics. However, the therapeutic potential of chemotherapy against cancer is seriously dissatisfactory due to the nonspecific drug distribution, multidrug resistance (MDR) and the heterogeneity of cancer. Therefore, combinational therapy based on chemotherapy mediated by nanotechnology, has been the trend in clinical research at present, which can result in a remarkably increased therapeutic efficiency with few side effects to normal tissues. Moreover, to achieve the accurate pre-diagnosis and real-time monitoring for tumor, the research of nano-theranostics, which integrates diagnosis with treatment process, is a promising field in cancer treatment. In this review, the recent studies on combinational therapy based on chemotherapy will be systematically discussed. Furthermore, as a current trend in cancer treatment, advance in theranostic nanoparticles based on chemotherapy will be exemplified briefly. Finally, the present challenges and improvement tips will be presented in combination therapy and nano-theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhe Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Zhong-Min Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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19
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Ahmadzada T, Reid G, McKenzie DR. Fundamentals of siRNA and miRNA therapeutics and a review of targeted nanoparticle delivery systems in breast cancer. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:69-86. [PMID: 29327101 PMCID: PMC5803180 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene silencing via RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly evolving as a personalized approach to cancer treatment. The effector molecules-small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs)-can be used to silence or "switch off" specific cancer genes. Currently, the main barrier to implementing siRNA- and miRNA-based therapies in clinical practice is the lack of an effective delivery system that can protect the RNA molecules from nuclease degradation, deliver to them to tumor tissue, and release them into the cytoplasm of the target cancer cells, all without inducing adverse effects. Here, we review the fundamentals of RNAi, cell membrane transport pathways, and factors that affect intracellular delivery. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the various types of nanoparticle delivery systems, with a focus on those that have been investigated in breast cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamkin Ahmadzada
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Glen Reid
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Sydney, Australia
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20
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Hajipour Verdom B, Abdolmaleki P, Behmanesh M. The Static Magnetic Field Remotely Boosts the Efficiency of Doxorubicin through Modulating ROS Behaviors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:990. [PMID: 29343746 PMCID: PMC5772617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to magnetic field (MF) can affect cellular metabolism remotely. Cardio-toxic effects of Doxorubicin (DOXO) have limited clinical uses at high dose. MF due to its effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) lifetime, may provide a suitable choice to boost the efficacy of this drug at low dose. Here, we investigated the potential effects of homogenous static magnetic field (SMF) on DOXO-induced toxicity and proliferation rate of cancer cells. The results indicated that SMF similar to DOXO decreased the cell viability as well as the proliferation rate of MCF-7 and HFF cells. Moreover, combination of 10 mT SMF and 0.1 µM DOXO decreased the viability and proliferation rate of cancer and normal cells in a synergetic manner. In spite of high a GSH level in cancer cell, SMF boosts the generation and lifetime of ROS at low dose of DOXO, and overcame to GSH mediated drug resistance. The results also confirmed that SMF exposure decreased 50% iron content of cells, which is attributed to iron homeostasis. In conclusion, these findings suggest that SMF can decrease required dose of chemotherapy drugs such as DOXO and thereby decrease their side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Hajipour Verdom
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
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21
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Yang H, Shen X, Yan J, Xie X, Chen Z, Li T, Li S, Qin X, Wu C, Liu Y. Charge-reversal-functionalized PLGA nanobubbles as theranostic agents for ultrasonic-imaging-guided combination therapy. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2426-2439. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00419f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The application of the PLGA-based charge-reversal nanobubbles (denoted as Dox-NBs/PPP/P-gp shRNA) in co-delivery of Dox and P-gp shRNA for reversal of drug resistance and ultrasonic imaging-guided combination therapy of chemotherapy and P-gp knockdown in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics
- School of Life Science and Technology
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- China
- Center for Information in Biology
| | - Xue Shen
- Department of Biophysics
- School of Life Science and Technology
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Biophysics
- School of Life Science and Technology
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- China
| | - Xiaoxue Xie
- Department of Biophysics
- School of Life Science and Technology
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- China
| | - Zhongyuan Chen
- Department of Biophysics
- School of Life Science and Technology
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biophysics
- School of Life Science and Technology
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics
- School of Life Science and Technology
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- China
- Center for Information in Biology
| | - Xiang Qin
- Department of Biophysics
- School of Life Science and Technology
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- China
- Center for Information in Biology
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics
- School of Life Science and Technology
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- China
- Center for Information in Biology
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics
- School of Life Science and Technology
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- China
- School of Clinical Medicine/the Affiliated Hospital
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22
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Targeted Delivery of siRNA Therapeutics to Malignant Tumors. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2017; 2017:6971297. [PMID: 29218233 PMCID: PMC5700508 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6971297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, a diverse group of ligands targeting surface biomarkers or receptors has been identified with several investigated to target siRNA to tumors. Many approaches to developing tumor-homing peptides, RNA and DNA aptamers, and single-chain variable fragment antibodies by using phage display, in vitro evolution, and recombinant antibody methods could not have been imagined by researchers in the 1980s. Despite these many scientific advances, there is no reason to expect that the ligand field will not continue to evolve. From development of ligands based on novel or existing biomarkers to linking ligands to drugs and gene and antisense delivery systems, several fields have coalesced to facilitate ligand-directed siRNA therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the major categories of ligand-targeted siRNA therapeutics for tumors, as well as the different strategies to identify new ligands.
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23
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Amirmahani N, Mahmoodi NO, Mohammadi Galangash M, Ghavidast A. Advances in nanomicelles for sustained drug delivery. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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24
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Mu S, Liu Y, Wang T, Zhang J, Jiang D, Yu X, Zhang N. Unsaturated nitrogen-rich polymer poly(l-histidine) gated reversibly switchable mesoporous silica nanoparticles using "graft to" strategy for drug controlled release. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:150-162. [PMID: 28873341 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel and intelligent pH-controlled system having an "on-off" switch based on poly(l-histidine) (PLH) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) (MSNs-PLH-PEG) was designed and evaluated for tumor specific drug release. The unsaturated nitrogen-rich polymer, PLH, which can change its solubility at different pH values, was employed for establishing the reversible "on-off" switch. In vitro drug release results demonstrated that MSNs-PLH-PEG has a pH-controlled "on-off" profile with the change of pH value between pH 7.4 and 5.0. Furthermore, in vitro cellular uptake study results showed that the entrapped drug could be efficiently released from MSNs-PLH-PEG under acidic endosome/lysosome. In vitro cell cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor studies results indicated that sorafenib loaded MSNs-PLH-PEG exhibited good anti-proliferation and tumor growth inhibition effects. Haemolysis assay and histological analysis of MSNs-PLH-PEG showed negligible haemolysis activity and no visible tissue toxicity at the test dose. This study represents a promising and intelligent pH-controlled intelligent system for drug delivery and controlled release. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A novel pH-controlled intelligent and reversible "on-off" switch system based on poly(l-histidine) and poly(ethylene glycol) coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs-PLH-PEG) by "graft to" synthesis method was constructed for tumor specific drug release. The unsaturated nitrogen-rich pH-sensitive polymer, PLH, which can change its solubility in different pH values, was employed as the reversible "on-off" switch in MSNs for the first time. The pH-controlled "on-off" switch manner was observed in the drug release results in vitro. In the in vivo antitumor studies, sorafenib loaded MSNs-PLH-PEG could effectively suppressed tumor growth in H22 tumor bearing mice. It is expected that the pH-controlled intelligent "on-off" switch system we designed holds remarkable promise and provides valuable strategy for possible applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Wang M, Wang J, Li B, Meng L, Tian Z. Recent advances in mechanism-based chemotherapy drug-siRNA pairs in co-delivery systems for cancer: A review. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 157:297-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Shen X, Li T, Chen Z, Geng Y, Xie X, Li S, Yang H, Wu C, Liu Y. Luminescent/magnetic PLGA-based hybrid nanocomposites: a smart nanocarrier system for targeted codelivery and dual-modality imaging in cancer theranostics. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4299-4322. [PMID: 28652734 PMCID: PMC5473604 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s136766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer diagnosis and treatment represent an urgent medical need given the rising cancer incidence over the past few decades. Cancer theranostics, namely, the combination of diagnostics and therapeutics within a single agent, are being developed using various anticancer drug-, siRNA-, or inorganic materials-loaded nanocarriers. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy of encapsulating quantum dots, superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanocrystals, and doxorubicin (DOX) into biodegradable poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymeric nanocomposites using the double emulsion solvent evaporation method, followed by coupling to the amine group of polyethyleneimine premodified with polyethylene glycol-folic acid (PEI-PEG-FA [PPF]) segments and adsorption of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted small hairpin RNA (shRNA). VEGF is important for tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. These drug-loaded luminescent/magnetic PLGA-based hybrid nanocomposites (LDM-PLGA/PPF/VEGF shRNA) were fabricated for tumor-specific targeting, drug/gene delivery, and cancer imaging. The data showed that LDM-PLGA/PPF/VEGF shRNA nanocomposites can codeliver DOX and VEGF shRNA into tumor cells and effectively suppress VEGF expression, exhibiting remarkable synergistic antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. The cell viability waŝ14% when treated with LDM-PLGA/PPF/VEGF shRNA nanocomposites ([DOX] =25 μg/mL), and in vivo tumor growth data showed that the tumor volume decreased by 81% compared with the saline group at 21 days postinjection. Magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging data revealed that the luminescent/magnetic hybrid nanocomposites may also be used as an efficient nanoprobe for enhanced T2-weighted magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging in vitro and in vivo. The present work validates the great potential of the developed multifunctional LDM-PLGA/PPF/VEGF shRNA nanocomposites as effective theranostic agents through the codelivery of drugs/genes and dual-modality imaging in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Shen
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology
| | - Zhongyuan Chen
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology
| | - Yue Geng
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology
| | - Xiaoxue Xie
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology.,Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology.,Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology.,Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology.,Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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27
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Abstract
Anticancer therapy has always been a vital challenge for the development of nanomedicine. Repeated single therapeutic agent may lead to undesirable and severe side effects, unbearable toxicity and multidrug resistance due to complex nature of tumor. Nanomedicine-based combination anticancer therapy can synergistically improve antitumor outcomes through multiple-target therapy, decreasing the dose of each therapeutic agent and reducing side effects. There are versatile combinational anticancer strategies such as chemotherapeutic combination, nucleic acid-based co-delivery, intrinsic sensitive and extrinsic stimulus combinational patterns. Based on these combination strategies, various nanocarriers and drug delivery systems were engineered to carry out the efficient co-delivery of combined therapeutic agents for combination anticancer therapy. This review focused on illustrating nanomedicine-based combination anticancer therapy between nucleic acids and small-molecular drugs for synergistically improving anticancer efficacy.
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28
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Elgqvist J. Nanoparticles as Theranostic Vehicles in Experimental and Clinical Applications-Focus on Prostate and Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1102. [PMID: 28531102 PMCID: PMC5455010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate and breast cancer are the second most and most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and women worldwide, respectively. The American Cancer Society estimates that during 2016 in the USA around 430,000 individuals were diagnosed with one of these two types of cancers, and approximately 15% of them will die from the disease. In Europe, the rate of incidences and deaths are similar to those in the USA. Several different more or less successful diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been developed and evaluated in order to tackle this issue and thereby decrease the death rates. By using nanoparticles as vehicles carrying both diagnostic and therapeutic molecular entities, individualized targeted theranostic nanomedicine has emerged as a promising option to increase the sensitivity and the specificity during diagnosis, as well as the likelihood of survival or prolonged survival after therapy. This article presents and discusses important and promising different kinds of nanoparticles, as well as imaging and therapy options, suitable for theranostic applications. The presentation of different nanoparticles and theranostic applications is quite general, but there is a special focus on prostate cancer. Some references and aspects regarding breast cancer are however also presented and discussed. Finally, the prostate cancer case is presented in more detail regarding diagnosis, staging, recurrence, metastases, and treatment options available today, followed by possible ways to move forward applying theranostics for both prostate and breast cancer based on promising experiments performed until today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörgen Elgqvist
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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29
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Xie Z, Zeng X. DNA/RNA-based formulations for treatment of breast cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 14:1379-1393. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1317744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolu Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianghui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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30
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Zheng Y, Su C, Zhao L, Shi Y. Chitosan nanoparticle-mediated co-delivery of shAtg-5 and gefitinib synergistically promoted the efficacy of chemotherapeutics through the modulation of autophagy. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:28. [PMID: 28399862 PMCID: PMC5387274 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy reportedly plays vital and complex roles in many diseases. During times of starvation or energy deficiency, autophagy will occur at higher levels to provide cells with the nutrients or energy necessary to survive in stressful conditions. Some anti-cancer drugs induce protective autophagy and reduce cell apoptosis. Autophagy can adversely affect apoptosis, and blocking autophagy will increase the sensitivity of cells to apoptosis signals. Methods We designed chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) to promote the co-delivery of gefitinib (an anti-cancer drug) and shRNA-expressing plasmid DNA that targets the Atg-5 gene (shAtg-5) as an autophagy inhibitor to improve anti-cancer effects and autophagy mediation. Results The results showed that when compared to treatment with a single drug, chitosan NPs were able to facilitate the intracellular distribution of NPs, and they improved the transfection efficiency of gene in vitro. The co-delivery of gefitinib and shAtg-5 increased cytotoxicity, induced significant apoptosis through the prohibition of autophagy, and markedly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions The co-delivery of gefitinib/shAtg-5 in chitosan NPs produced superior anti-cancer efficacy via the internalization effect of NPs, while blocking autophagy with shAtg-5 enhanced the synergistic antitumor efficacy of gefitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Su
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yijie Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Bottai G, Truffi M, Corsi F, Santarpia L. Progress in nonviral gene therapy for breast cancer and what comes next? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:595-611. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1305351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bottai
- Oncology Experimental Therapeutics, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Marta Truffi
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences University of Milan, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Surgery Division, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences University of Milan, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Libero Santarpia
- Oncology Experimental Therapeutics, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
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32
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Suo A, Qian J, Xu M, Xu W, Zhang Y, Yao Y. Folate-decorated PEGylated triblock copolymer as a pH/reduction dual-responsive nanovehicle for targeted intracellular co-delivery of doxorubicin and Bcl-2 siRNA. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:659-672. [PMID: 28482576 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Co-delivery of chemotherapeutic drug and small interfering RNA (siRNA) within a single nanovehicle has emerged as a promising combination therapy approach to treating cancers because of their synergistic effect. Nanocarrier delivery systems with low cytotoxicity and high efficiency are needed for such a purpose. In this study, a novel folate-conjugated PEGylated cationic triblock copolymer, poly(acrylhydrazine)-block-poly(3-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide)-block-poly(acrylhydrazine) (PAH-b-PDMAPMA-b-PAH), was synthesized and evaluated as a stimuli-sensitive vehicle for the targeted co-delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and Bcl-2 siRNA into breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The synthetic process of the PEGylated triblock copolymer involved sequential reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, PEGylation and removal of tert-butoxy carbamate protecting groups. Folate-conjugated and/or -unconjugated poly(ethylene glycol) segments were grafted onto PAH-b-PDMAPMA-b-PAH via a reduction-sensitive disulfide linkage. The synthetic polymers were characterized by 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography. The PEGylated triblock copolymer could chemically conjugate DOX onto PAH blocks via pH-responsive hydrazone bonds and simultaneously complex negatively charged Bcl-2 siRNA with cationic PDMAPMA blocks through electrostatic interactions at N/P ratios≥32:1 to form multifunctional nanomicelleplexes. The nanomicelleplexes exhibited spherical shape, possessed a positively charged surface with a zeta potential of +22.5mV and had a desirable and uniform particle size of 187nm. In vitro release studies revealed that the nanomicelleplexes could release DOX and Bcl-2 siRNA in a reduction and pH dual-sensitive manner and the payload release was significantly enhanced in a reductive acidic environment mimicking the endosomes/lysosomes of cancer cells compared to under physiology conditions. Furthermore, the release of both DOX and siRNA was found to follow Higuchi kinetic model. Confocal laser scanning microscopy, flow cytometry and MTT analyses confirmed that, compared with folate-undecorated nanomicelleplexes, folate-decorated nanomicelleplexes could more effectively co-deliver DOX and Bcl-2 siRNA into MCF-7 cells and showed a stronger cell-killing effect. The pristine PEGylated triblock copolymer exhibited good cytocompatibility. Moreover, co-delivery of DOX and Bcl-2 siRNA achieved a significant synergistic antitumor efficacy. These findings suggested that the folate-decorated PEGylated cationic triblock copolymer might be a promising vehicle for targeted intracellular co-delivery of DOX and siRNA in MCF-7 cells, representing a potential clinical combination therapy for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Suo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Junmin Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Minghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Weijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Engelberth SA, Hempel N, Bergkvist M. Cationic dendritic starch as a vehicle for photodynamic therapy and siRNA co-delivery. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 168:185-192. [PMID: 28237436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cationic enzymatically synthesized glycogen (cESG) is a naturally-derived, nano-scale carbohydrate dendrite that has shown promise as a cellular delivery vehicle owing to its flexibility in chemical modifications, biocompatibility and relative low cost. In the present work, cESG was modified and evaluated as a vehicle for tetraphenylporphinesulfonate (TPPS) in order to improve cellular delivery of this photosensitizer and investigate the feasibility of co-delivery with short interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA). TPPS was electrostatically condensed with cESG, resulting in a sub-50nm particle with a positive zeta potential of approximately 5mV. When tested in normal ovarian surface epithelial and ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell culture models, encapsulation of TPPS in cESG significantly improved cell death in response to light treatment compared to free drug alone. Dosages as low as 0.16μM TPPS resulted in cellular death upon illumination with a 4.8J/cm2 light dosage, decreasing viability by 96%. cESG-TPPS was then further evaluated as a co-delivery system with siRNA for potential combination therapy, by charge-based condensation of an siRNA directed at reducing expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2) as a proof of principle target. Simultaneous delivery of TPPS and siRNA was achieved, reducing Sod2 protein expression to 48%, while maintaining the photodynamic properties of TPPS under light exposure and maintaining low dark toxicity. This study demonstrates the versatility of cESG as a platform for dual delivery of small molecules and oligonucleotides, and the potential for further development of this system in combination therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Engelberth
- Nanobioscience Constellation, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, United States
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
| | - Magnus Bergkvist
- Nanobioscience Constellation, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, United States.
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Hong W, Shi H, Qiao M, Gao X, Yang J, Tian C, Zhang D, Niu S, Liu M. Rational design of multifunctional micelles against doxorubicin-sensitive and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:989-1007. [PMID: 28243082 PMCID: PMC5315207 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s127417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though a tremendous number of multifunctional nanocarriers have been developed to tackle heterogeneous cancer cells, little attention has been paid to elucidate how to rationally design a multifunctional nanocarrier. In this study, three individual functions (active targeting, stimuli-triggered release and endo-lysosomal escape) were evaluated in doxorubicin (DOX)-sensitive MCF-7 cells and DOX-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells by constructing four kinds of micelles with active-targeting (AT-M), passive targeting, pH-triggered release (pHT-M) and endo-lysosomal escape (endoE-M) function, respectively. AT-M demonstrated the strongest cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells and the highest cellular uptake of DOX due to the folate-mediated endocytosis. However, AT-M failed to exhibit the best efficacy against MCF-7/ADR cells, while endoE-M exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity against MCF-7/ADR cells and the highest cellular uptake of DOX due to the lowest elimination of DOX from the cells. This was attributed to the carrier-facilitated endo-lysosomal escape of DOX, which avoided exocytosis by lysosome secretion, resulting in an effective accumulation of DOX in the cytoplasm. The enhanced elimination of DOX from the MCF-7/ADR cells also accounted for the remarkable decrease in cytotoxicity against the cells of AT-M. Three micelles were further evaluated with MCF-7 cells and MCF-7/ADR-resistant cells xenografted mice model. In accordance with the in vitro results, AT-M and endoE-M demonstrated the strongest inhibition on the MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR xenografted tumor, respectively. Active targeting and active targeting in combination with endo-lysosomal escape have been demonstrated to be the primary function for a nanocarrier against doxorubicin-sensitive and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 cells, respectively. These results indicate that the rational design of multifunctional nanocarriers for cancer therapy needs to consider the heterogeneous cancer cells and the primary function needs to be integrated to achieve effective payload delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenhe, Shenyang, Liaoning
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning, Nanjing
| | - Mingxi Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenhe, Shenyang, Liaoning
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenhe, Shenyang, Liaoning
| | - Chunlian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenhe, Shenyang, Liaoning
| | - Dexian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenhe, Shenyang, Liaoning
| | - Shengli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenhe, Shenyang, Liaoning
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenhe, Shenyang, Liaoning
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Polymers in the Co-delivery of siRNA and Anticancer Drugs for the Treatment of Drug-resistant Cancers. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:24. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chen L, Ji F, Bao Y, Xia J, Guo L, Wang J, Li Y. Biocompatible cationic pullulan-g-desoxycholic acid-g-PEI micelles used to co-deliver drug and gene for cancer therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:418-429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Nanocarrier-based co-delivery of small molecules and siRNA/miRNA for treatment of cancer. Ther Deliv 2016; 7:245-55. [PMID: 27010986 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2015-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant gene expression can trigger several vital molecular events that not only result in carcinogenesis but also cause chemoresistance, metastasis and relapse. Gene-based therapies using siRNA/miRNA have been suggested as new treatment method to improve the current regimen. Although these agents can restore the normal molecular cascade thereby resensitizing the cancer cells, delivering a standard regimen (either subsequently or simultaneously) is necessary to achieve the therapeutic benefit. However, co-delivery using a single carrier could give an additional advantage of similar biodistribution profile of the loaded agents. While much research has been carried out in this field in recent years, challenges involved in designing combination formulations including efficient coloading, stability, appropriate biodistribution and target specificity have hampered their clinical translation. This article highlights current aspects of nano-carriers used for co-delivery of small molecules and genes to treat cancer.
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Jones SK, Merkel OM. Tackling breast cancer chemoresistance with nano-formulated siRNA. Gene Ther 2016; 23:821-828. [PMID: 27648580 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cancer diagnosed in women and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Current limitations to standard chemotherapy in the clinic are extensively researched, including problems arising from repeated treatments with the same drugs. The phenomenon that cancer cells become resistant toward certain chemo drugs is called chemotherapy resistance. In this review, we are focusing on nanoformulation of siRNA for the fight against breast cancer chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Jones
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - O M Merkel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
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Meng F, Han N, Yeo Y. Organic nanoparticle systems for spatiotemporal control of multimodal chemotherapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:427-446. [PMID: 27476442 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1218464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemotherapeutic drugs are used in combination to target multiple mechanisms involved in cancer cell survival and proliferation. Carriers are developed to deliver drug combinations to common target tissues in optimal ratios and desirable sequences. Nanoparticles (NP) have been a popular choice for this purpose due to their ability to increase the circulation half-life and tumor accumulation of a drug. Areas covered: We review organic NP carriers based on polymers, proteins, peptides, and lipids for simultaneous delivery of multiple anticancer drugs, drug/sensitizer combinations, drug/photodynamic therapy or drug/photothermal therapy combinations, and drug/gene therapeutics with examples in the past three years. Sequential delivery of drug combinations, based on either sequential administration or built-in release control, is introduced with an emphasis on the mechanistic understanding of such control. Expert opinion: Recent studies demonstrate how a drug carrier can contribute to co-localizing drug combinations in optimal ratios and dosing sequences to maximize the synergistic effects. We identify several areas for improvement in future research, including the choice of drug combinations, circulation stability of carriers, spatiotemporal control of drug release, and the evaluation and clinical translation of combination delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfei Meng
- a Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.,b Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Ning Han
- a Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.,c Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yoon Yeo
- a Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.,d Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
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Li T, Shen X, Geng Y, Chen Z, Li L, Li S, Yang H, Wu C, Zeng H, Liu Y. Folate-Functionalized Magnetic-Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Drug/Gene Codelivery To Potentiate the Antitumor Efficacy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:13748-58. [PMID: 27191965 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An appropriate codelivery system for chemotherapeutic agents and nucleic acid drugs will provide a more efficacious approach for the treatment of cancer. Combining gene therapy with chemotherapeutics in a single delivery system is more effective than individual delivery systems carrying either gene or drug. In this work, we developed folate (FA) receptor targeted magnetic-mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the codelivery of VEGF shRNA and doxorubicin (DOX) (denoted as M-MSN(DOX)/PEI-FA/VEGF shRNA). Our data showed that M-MSN(DOX)/PEI-FA could strongly condense VEGF shRNA at weight ratios of 30:1, and possesses higher stability against DNase I digestion and sodium heparin. In vitro antitumor activity assays revealed that HeLa cell growth was significantly inhibited. The intracellular accumulation of DOX by confocal microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry showed that M-MSN(DOX)/PEI-FA were more easily taken up than nontargeted M-MSN(DOX). Quantitative PCR and ELISA data revealed that M-MSN/PEI-FA/VEGF shRNA induced a significant decrease in VEGF expression as compared to cells treated with either the control or other complexes. The invasion and migration phenotypes of the HUVECs were significantly decrease after coculture with MSN/PEI-FA/VEGF shRNA nanocomplexes-treated HeLa cells. The approach provides a potential strategy to treat cancer by a singular nanoparticle delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Shen
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Geng
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Chen
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Zeng
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Núñez C, Capelo JL, Igrejas G, Alfonso A, Botana LM, Lodeiro C. An overview of the effective combination therapies for the treatment of breast cancer. Biomaterials 2016; 97:34-50. [PMID: 27162073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is generally classified based on the receptors overexpressed on the cell nucleus, which include hormone receptors such as progesterone (PR) and estrogen (ER), and HER2. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of cancer that lacks any of these three types of receptor proteins (ER/PR/HER2). Tumor cells exhibit drug resistant phenotypes that decrease the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments. Generally, drug resistance has a genetic basis that is caused by an abnormal gene expression, nevertheless, there are several types of drug resistance: efflux pumps reducing the cellular concentration of the drug, alterations in membrane lipids that reduce cellular uptake, increased or altered drug targets, metabolic alteration of the drug, inhibition of apoptosis, repair of the damaged DNA, and alteration of the cell cycle checkpoints. The use of "combination therapy" is recognized as an efficient solution to treat human diseases, in particular, breast cancer. In this review, we give examples of different nanocarriers used to co-deliver multiple therapeutics (chemotherapeutic agent and nucleic acid) to drug-resistant tumor cells, and lastly, we give our recommendations for the future directions for the co-delivery treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Núñez
- Pharmacology Deparment, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain; C4O Group, Research Unit UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - José Luis Capelo
- BIOSCOPE Group, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; ProteoMass Scientific Society, Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-182, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- C4O Group, Research Unit UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Pharmacology Deparment, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Luis M Botana
- Pharmacology Deparment, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Group, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; ProteoMass Scientific Society, Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-182, Caparica, Portugal.
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Suo A, Qian J, Zhang Y, Liu R, Xu W, Wang H. Comb-like amphiphilic polypeptide-based copolymer nanomicelles for co-delivery of doxorubicin and P-gp siRNA into MCF-7 cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:564-73. [PMID: 26952460 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A comb-like amphiphilic copolymer methoxypolyethylene glycol-graft-poly(L-lysine)-block-poly(L-phenylalanine) (mPEG-g-PLL-b-Phe) was successfully synthesized. To synthesize mPEG-g-PLL-b-Phe, diblock copolymer PLL-b-Phe was first synthesized by successive ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides followed by the removal of benzyloxycarbonyl protecting groups, and then mPEG was grafted onto PLL-b-Phe by reductive amination via Schiff's base formation. The chemical structures of the copolymers were identified by (1)H NMR. mPEG-g-PLL-b-Phe copolymer had a critical micelle concentration of 6.0mg/L and could self-assemble in an aqueous solution into multicompartment nanomicelles with a mean diameter of approximately 78 nm. The nanomicelles could encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX) through hydrophobic and π-π stacking interactions between DOX molecules and Phe blocks and simultaneously complex P-gp siRNA with cationic PLL blocks via electrostatic interactions. The DOX/P-gp siRNA-loaded nanomicelles showed spherical morphology, possessed narrow particle size distribution and had a mean particle size of 120 nm. The DOX/P-gp siRNA-loaded nanomicelles exhibited pH-responsive release behaviors and displayed accelerated release under acidic conditions. The DOX/P-gp siRNA-loaded nanomicelles were efficiently internalized into MCF-7 cells, and DOX released could successfully reach nuclei. In vitro cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that the DOX/P-gp siRNA-loaded nanomicelles showed a much higher cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells than DOX-loaded nanomicelles due to their synergistic killing effect and that the blank nanomicelles had good biocompatibility. Thus, the novel comb-like mPEG-g-PLL-b-Phe nanomicelles could be a promising vehicle for co-delivery of chemotherapeutic drug and genetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Suo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Junmin Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Weijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hejing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Li T, Zhang M, Wang J, Wang T, Yao Y, Zhang X, Zhang C, Zhang N. Thermosensitive Hydrogel Co-loaded with Gold Nanoparticles and Doxorubicin for Effective Chemoradiotherapy. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 18:146-55. [PMID: 26381779 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy, as a well-established paradigm to treat various cancers, still calls for novel strategies. Recently, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been shown to play an important role as a radiosensitizer in cancer radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combination of polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified AuNPs and doxorubicin (DOX) to improve cancer chemoradiotherapy, in which the AuNPs was the radiosensitizer and the DOX was the model chemotherapeutic. A Pluronic® F127-based thermosensitive hydrogel (Au-DOX-Gel) loading AuNPs and DOX was developed by "cold method" for intratumoral injection. The formulation was optimized at a F127 concentration of 22% for Au-DOX-Gel. The release profiles compared to a control group were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Au-DOX-Gel showed sustained release of AuNPs and DOX. The cell viability and surviving fraction of mouse melanoma (B16) and Human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells were significantly inhibited by the combination treatment of DOX and AuNPs under radiation. Tumor sizes of mice were significantly decreased by Au-DOX-Gel compared to controls. Interestingly, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Ki-67 staining results showed that tumor cell growth and proliferation were inhibited by AuNPs combined with DOX under radiation, suggesting that the radiosensitization activity and combination effects might be caused by inhibition of tumor cell growth and proliferation. Furthermore, the results of skin safety tests, histological observation of organs, and the body weight changes indicated in vivo safety of Au-DOX-Gel. In conclusion, the Au-DOX-Gel developed in this study could represent a promising strategy for improved cancer chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mingfu Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250199, China
| | - Jianzhen Wang
- Department of Radiation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Radiation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmacology & Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Micellar carriers for the delivery of multiple therapeutic agents. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:291-308. [PMID: 26263217 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multi-drug therapy is described as a simultaneous or sequential administration of two or more drugs with similar or different mechanisms of action and is recognized as a more efficient solution to combat successfully, various ailments. Polymeric micelles (PMs) are self-assemblies of block copolymers providing numerous opportunities for drug delivery. To date various micellar formulations were studied for delivery of drugs, nutraceuticals and genes; a few of them are in clinical trials. It was observed that there is an immense need for the development of PMs embedding multiple therapeutic agents to combat various ailments, including cancers, HIV/AIDS, malaria, multiple sclerosis, hypertension, infectious diseases, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, immune disorders and many psychiatric disorders. Several combinations of drug-drug, drug-nutraceutical, drug-gene and drug-siRNA explored to date are detailed in this review, with a special emphasis on their potential and future perspectives. A summary of various preparation methods, characterization techniques and applications of PMs are also provided. This review presents a holistic approach on multi-drug delivery using micellar carriers and emphasizes on the development of therapeutic hybrids embedding novel combinations for safer and effective therapy.
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Liu Q, Li J, Pu G, Zhang F, Liu H, Zhang Y. Co-delivery of baicalein and doxorubicin by hyaluronic acid decorated nanostructured lipid carriers for breast cancer therapy. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:1364-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1031295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China,
- Shandong Fine Breeding Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, and
- Key Laboratory of Resources Science of Chinese Medicinal Materials in University of Shandong, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China,
- Shandong Fine Breeding Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, and
- Key Laboratory of Resources Science of Chinese Medicinal Materials in University of Shandong, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaobin Pu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China,
- Shandong Fine Breeding Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, and
- Key Laboratory of Resources Science of Chinese Medicinal Materials in University of Shandong, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China,
- Shandong Fine Breeding Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, and
- Key Laboratory of Resources Science of Chinese Medicinal Materials in University of Shandong, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China,
- Shandong Fine Breeding Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, and
- Key Laboratory of Resources Science of Chinese Medicinal Materials in University of Shandong, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China,
- Shandong Fine Breeding Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, and
- Key Laboratory of Resources Science of Chinese Medicinal Materials in University of Shandong, Ji'nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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46
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Chen L, Wang X, Ji F, Bao Y, Wang J, Wang X, Guo L, Li Y. New bifunctional-pullulan-based micelles with good biocompatibility for efficient co-delivery of cancer-suppressing p53 gene and doxorubicin to cancer cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17139c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined treatment of drugs and therapeutic genes has emerged as a new modality of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P.R. China
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
| | - Fangling Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P.R. China
| | - Yongming Bao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P.R. China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P.R. China
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
| | - Xianwu Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P.R. China
| | - Lianying Guo
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- P.R. China
| | - Yachen Li
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology
- School of Public Health
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- P.R. China
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47
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Shen Y, Wang J, Li Y, Tian Y, Sun H, Ammar O, Tu J, Wang B, Sun C. Co-delivery of siRNA and paclitaxel into cancer cells by hyaluronic acid modified redox-sensitive disulfide-crosslinked PLGA–PEI nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03085d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schematic diagram showing the structure of the co-delivery nano-complex and the process of entering tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
| | - Jue Wang
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
| | - Huimin Sun
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control
- Beijing
- China
| | - Ouahab Ammar
- Department of Pharmacy
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- Batna Elhadj Lakhdar University
- Algeria
| | - Jiasheng Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
| | - Buhai Wang
- Department of Oncology
- Subei People's Hospital
- Yangzhou
- China
| | - Chunmeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
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48
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Xu C, Tian H, Sun H, Jiao Z, Zhang Y, Chen X. A pH sensitive co-delivery system of siRNA and doxorubicin for pulmonary administration to B16F10 metastatic lung cancer. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21934e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin was conjugated to PEI by hydrazone bonds to form a pH sensitive conjugate (PEI-HZ-DOX). The complex particles (PEI-HZ-DOX/Bcl2) could be co-delivered to cancer cells by pulmonary administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caina Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Huayu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Hai Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Zixue Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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