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Koirala M, DiPaola M. Overcoming Cancer Resistance: Strategies and Modalities for Effective Treatment. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1801. [PMID: 39200265 PMCID: PMC11351918 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cancer drugs is a complex phenomenon that poses a significant challenge in the treatment of various malignancies. This review comprehensively explores cancer resistance mechanisms and discusses emerging strategies and modalities to overcome this obstacle. Many factors contribute to cancer resistance, including genetic mutations, activation of alternative signaling pathways, and alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Innovative approaches, such as targeted protein degradation, immunotherapy combinations, precision medicine, and novel drug delivery systems, hold promise for improving treatment outcomes. Understanding the intricacies of cancer resistance and leveraging innovative modalities are essential for advancing cancer therapy.
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2
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Liu H, Tang L, Li Y, Xie W, Zhang L, Tang H, Xiao T, Yang H, Gu W, Wang H, Chen P. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: current views on the tumor microenvironment's impact on drug resistance and clinical outcomes. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:20. [PMID: 38254110 PMCID: PMC10802008 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) exhibits significant variations across different ethnic groups and geographical regions, with Southeast Asia and North Africa being endemic areas. Of note, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is closely associated with almost all of the undifferentiated NPC cases. Over the past three decades, radiation therapy and chemotherapy have formed the cornerstone of NPC treatment. However, recent advancements in immunotherapy have introduced a range of promising approaches for managing NPC. In light of these developments, it has become evident that a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial. The TME serves a dual function, acting as a promoter of tumorigenesis while also orchestrating immunosuppression, thereby facilitating cancer progression and enabling immune evasion. Consequently, a comprehensive comprehension of the TME and its intricate involvement in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of NPC is imperative for the development of effective anticancer drugs. Moreover, given the complexity of TME and the inter-patient heterogeneity, personalized treatment should be designed to maximize therapeutic efficacy and circumvent drug resistance. This review aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the TME within the context of EBV-induced NPC, with a particular emphasis on its pivotal role in regulating intercellular communication and shaping treatment responses. Additionally, the review offers a concise summary of drug resistance mechanisms and potential strategies for their reversal, specifically in relation to chemoradiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, recent advances in clinical trials pertaining to NPC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanxian Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wenji Xie
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Xiao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmin Yang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wangning Gu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Pan Chen
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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3
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Gharbaran R. Insights into the molecular roles of FOXR2 in the pathology of primary pediatric brain tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 192:104188. [PMID: 37879492 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box gene R2 (FOXR2) belongs to the family of FOX genes which codes for highly conserved transcription factors (TFs) with critical roles in biological processes ranging from development to organogenesis to metabolic and immune regulation to cellular homeostasis. A number of FOX genes are associated with cancer development and progression and poor prognosis. A growing body of evidence suggests that FOXR2 is an oncogene. Studies suggested important roles for FOXR2 in cancer cell growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Recent studies showed that FOXR2 is overexpressed by a subset of newly identified entities of embryonal tumors. This review discusses the role(s) FOXR2 plays in the pathology of pediatric brain cancers and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Gharbaran
- Biological Sciences Department, Bronx Community College/City University of New York, 2155 University Avenue, Bronx, NY 10453, USA.
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4
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Moghbeli M, Taghehchian N, Akhlaghipour I, Samsami Y, Maharati A. Role of forkhead box proteins in regulation of doxorubicin and paclitaxel responses in tumor cells: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125995. [PMID: 37499722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the common first-line therapeutic methods in cancer patients. Despite the significant effects in improving the quality of life and survival of patients, chemo resistance is observed in a significant part of cancer patients, which leads to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PTX) are used as the first-line drugs in a wide range of tumors; however, DOX/PTX resistance limits their use in cancer patients. Considering the DOX/PTX side effects in normal tissues, identification of DOX/PTX resistant cancer patients is required to choose the most efficient therapeutic strategy for these patients. Investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in DOX/PTX response can help to improve the prognosis in cancer patients. Several cellular processes such as drug efflux, autophagy, and DNA repair are associated with chemo resistance that can be regulated by transcription factors as the main effectors in signaling pathways. Forkhead box (FOX) family of transcription factor has a key role in regulating cellular processes such as cell differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and proliferation. FOX deregulations have been associated with resistance to chemotherapy in different cancers. Therefore, we discussed the role of FOX protein family in DOX/PTX response. It has been reported that FOX proteins are mainly involved in DOX/PTX response by regulation of drug efflux, autophagy, structural proteins, and signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, NF-kb, and JNK. This review is an effective step in introducing the FOX protein family as the reliable prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yalda Samsami
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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5
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Tolue Ghasaban F, Maharati A, Zangouei AS, Zangooie A, Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the pivotal regulators of cisplatin resistance in head and neck cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:170. [PMID: 37587481 PMCID: PMC10428558 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although, there is a high rate of good prognosis in early stage head and neck tumors, about half of these tumors are detected in advanced stages with poor prognosis. A combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery is the treatment option in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Although, cisplatin (CDDP) as the first-line drug has a significant role in the treatment of HNC patients, CDDP resistance can be observed in a large number of these patients. Therefore, identification of the molecular mechanisms involved in CDDP resistance can help to reduce the side effects and also provides a better therapeutic management. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as the post-transcriptional regulators play an important role in drug resistance. Therefore, in the present review we investigated the role of miRNAs in CDDP response of head and neck tumors. It has been reported that the miRNAs exerted their roles in CDDP response by regulation of signaling pathways such as WNT, NOTCH, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and NF-kB as well as apoptosis, autophagy, and EMT process. The present review paves the way to suggest a non-invasive miRNA based panel marker for the prediction of CDDP response among HNC patients. Therefore, such diagnostic miRNA based panel marker reduces the CDDP side effects and improves the clinical outcomes of these patients following an efficient therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Tolue Ghasaban
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Zangooie
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Student research committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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6
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Hargadon KM, Strong EW. The FOXC2 Transcription Factor: A Master Regulator of Chemoresistance in Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231155284. [PMID: 36740986 PMCID: PMC9903043 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231155284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXC2, a member of the forkhead box family of transcription factors, is an emerging oncogene that has been linked to several hallmarks of cancer progression. Among its many oncogenic functions is the promotion of drug resistance, with evidence supporting roles for FOXC2 in escape from broad classes of chemotherapeutics across an array of cancer types. In this Mini-Review, we highlight the current understanding of the mechanisms by which FOXC2 drives cancer chemoresistance, including its roles in the promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, induction of multidrug transporters, activation of the oxidative stress response, and deregulation of cell survival signaling pathways. We discuss the clinical implications of these findings, including strategies for modulating FOXC2-associated chemoresistance in cancer. Particular attention is given to ways in which FOXC2 and its downstream gene products and pathways can be targeted to restore chemosensitivity in cancer cells. In addition, the utility of FOXC2 expression as a predictor of patient response to chemotherapy is also highlighted, with emphasis on the value of FOXC2 as a novel biomarker that can be used to guide therapeutic choice towards regimens most likely to achieve clinical benefit during frontline therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian M. Hargadon
- Hargadon Laboratory, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, USA,Kristian M. Hargadon, PhD, Hampden-Sydney College, Brown Student Center, Box 837, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943, USA.
| | - Elijah W. Strong
- Hargadon Laboratory, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, USA
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Hargadon KM, Goodloe TB, Lloyd ND. Oncogenic functions of the FOXC2 transcription factor: a hallmarks of cancer perspective. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:833-852. [PMID: 35701636 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a fundamental determinant of molecular and cellular function, and epigenetic reprogramming in the context of cancer has emerged as one of the key enabling characteristics associated with acquisition of the core hallmarks of this disease. As such, there has been renewed interest in studying the role of transcription factors as epigenetic regulators of gene expression in cancer. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge surrounding the oncogenic functions of FOXC2, a transcription factor that frequently becomes dysregulated in a variety of cancer types. In addition to highlighting the clinical impact of aberrant FOXC2 activity in cancer, we discuss mechanisms by which this transcription factor becomes dysregulated in both tumor and tumor-associated cells, placing particular emphasis on the ways in which FOXC2 promotes key hallmarks of cancer progression. Finally, we bring attention to important issues related to the oncogenic dysregulation of FOXC2 that must be addressed going forward in order to improve our understanding of FOXC2-mediated cancer progression and to guide prognostic and therapeutic applications of this knowledge in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian M Hargadon
- Hargadon Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, 23943, USA.
| | - Travis B Goodloe
- Hargadon Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, 23943, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Lloyd
- Hargadon Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, 23943, USA
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Zhang R, Li S, Lan J, Li C, Du X, Dong W, Yu Q, Wang D. CNTN-1 Upregulation Induced by Low-Dose Cisplatin Promotes Malignant Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells via Activation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Genet 2022; 13:891665. [PMID: 35711928 PMCID: PMC9196332 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.891665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis and invasion are the main impediments to lung adenocarcinoma successful treatment. Previous studies demonstrate that chemotherapeutic agents can elevate the malignancy of cancer cells other than their therapeutic effects. In this study, the effects of transient low-dose cisplatin treatment on the malignant development of lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) were detected, and the underlying epigenetic mechanisms were investigated. The findings showed that A549 cells exhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype along with malignant progression under the transient low-dose cisplatin treatment. Meanwhile, low-dose cisplatin was found to induce contactin-1 (CNTN-1) upregulation in A549 cells. Subsequently, we found that further overexpressing CNTN-1 in A549 cells obviously activated the EMT process in vitro and in vivo, and caused malignant development of A549 cells in vitro. Taken together, we conclude that low-dose cisplatin can activate the EMT process and resulting malignant progression through upregulating CNTN-1 in A549 cells. The findings provided new evidence that a low concentration of chemotherapeutic agents could facilitate the malignancy of carcinoma cells via activating the EMT process other than their therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengjin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Lan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changyi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianzhi Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weijie Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daoxin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Castaneda M, den Hollander P, Mani SA. Forkhead Box Transcription Factors: Double-Edged Swords in Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2057-2065. [PMID: 35315926 PMCID: PMC9258984 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of treatment options exist for cancer therapeutics, but many are limited by side effects and either intrinsic or acquired resistance. The need for more effective targeted cancer treatment has led to the focus on forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors as possible drug targets. Forkhead factors such as FOXA1 and FOXM1 are involved in hormone regulation, immune system modulation, and disease progression through their regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Forkhead factors can influence cancer development, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the various roles of forkhead factors in biological processes that support cancer as well as their function as pioneering factors and their potential as targetable transcription factors in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Castaneda
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Petra den Hollander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sendurai A. Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Corresponding Author: Sendurai A. Mani, Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Suite 910, Houston, TX 77030-3304. Phone: 713-792-9638; E-mail:
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FOXM1 Promotes Drug Resistance in Cervical Cancer Cells by Regulating ABCC5 Gene Transcription. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3032590. [PMID: 35141332 PMCID: PMC8820921 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3032590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) to paclitaxel resistance in cervical cancer cells, to determine the underlying mechanism, and to identify novel targets for the treatment of paclitaxel-resistant cervical cancer. Methods Paclitaxel-resistant Caski cells (Caski/Taxol cells) were established by intermittently exposing the Caski cells to gradually increasing concentrations of paclitaxel. The association between FOXM1, ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 5 (ABCC5), and cervical cancer cell drug resistance was assessed by overexpressing or knocking down the expression of FOXM1 in Caski or Caski/Taxol cells. The protein and mRNA expression levels, the ratio of cellular apoptosis, and cell migration as well as intracellular drug concentrations were measured in cells following the different treatments. Results After the successful establishment of resistant Caski/Taxol cells, cell cycle distribution analysis showed that a significantly larger percentage of Caski/Taxol cells was in the G0/G1 stage compared with the Caski cells (P < 0.01), whereas a significantly larger percentage of Caski cells was in the S and G2/M stage compared with the Caski/Taxol cells following treatment with paclitaxel (P < 0.01). Both the protein and mRNA expression levels of FOXM1 and ABCC5 transporters were significantly higher in the paclitaxel-resistant Caski/Taxol cells compared with Caski cells (P < 0.05). Knockdown of FOXM1 significantly lowered the protein expression levels of FOXM1 and ABCC5. Intracellular paclitaxel concentrations were significantly higher amongst the Caski/Taxol cells following the knockdown of FOXM1 by shRNA or Siomycin A (P < 0.05). Conclusion FOXM1 promotes drug resistance in cervical cancer cells by regulating ABCC5 gene transcription. The knockdown of FOXM1 with shRNA or Siomycin A promotes paclitaxel-induced cell death by regulating ABCC5 gene transcription.
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11
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Xu Q, Cha Q, Qin H, Liu B, Wu X, Shi J. Identification of Master Regulators Driving Disease Progression, Relapse, and Drug Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 2:813960. [PMID: 36304306 PMCID: PMC9580914 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2022.813960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Current treatment strategies primarily involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, determined by TNM stages, histologic types, and genetic profiles. Plenty of studies have been trying to identify robust prognostic gene expression signatures. Even for high performance signatures, they usually have few shared genes. This is not totally unexpected, since a prognostic signature is associated with patient survival and may contain no upstream regulators. Identification of master regulators driving disease progression is a vital step to understand underlying molecular mechanisms and develop new treatments. Methods: In this study, we have utilized a robust workflow to identify potential master regulators that drive poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. This workflow takes gene expression signatures that are associated with poor survival of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, EGFR-TKI resistance, and responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors, respectively, and identifies recurrent master regulators from seven public gene expression datasets by a regulatory network-based approach. Results: We have found that majority of the master regulators driving poor prognosis in early stage LUAD are cell-cycle related according to Gene Ontology annotation. However, they were demonstrated experimentally to promote a spectrum of processes such as tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Master regulators predicted from EGFR-TKI resistance signature and the EMT pathway signature are largely shared, which suggests that EMT pathway functions as a hub and interact with other pathways such as hypoxia, angiogenesis, TNF-α signaling, inflammation, TNF-β signaling, Wnt, and Notch signaling pathways. Master regulators that repress immunotherapy are enriched with MYC targets, E2F targets, oxidative phosphorylation, and mTOR signaling. Conclusion: Our study uncovered possible mechanisms underlying recurrence, resistance to targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The predicted master regulators may serve as potential therapeutic targets in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongfang Cha
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueling Wu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xueling Wu, ; Jiantao Shi,
| | - Jiantao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xueling Wu, ; Jiantao Shi,
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12
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Bacolod MD, Fisher PB, Barany F. Multi-CpG linear regression models to accurately predict paclitaxel and docetaxel activity in cancer cell lines. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 158:233-292. [PMID: 36990534 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule-targeting paclitaxel (PTX) and docetaxel (DTX) are widely used chemotherapeutic agents. However, the dysregulation of apoptotic processes, microtubule-binding proteins, and multi-drug resistance efflux and influx proteins can alter the efficacy of taxane drugs. In this review, we have created multi-CpG linear regression models to predict the activities of PTX and DTX drugs through the integration of publicly available pharmacological and genome-wide molecular profiling datasets generated using hundreds of cancer cell lines of diverse tissue of origin. Our findings indicate that linear regression models based on CpG methylation levels can predict PTX and DTX activities (log-fold change in viability relative to DMSO) with high precision. For example, a 287-CpG model predicts PTX activity at R2 of 0.985 among 399 cell lines. Just as precise (R2=0.996) is a 342-CpG model for predicting DTX activity in 390 cell lines. However, our predictive models, which employ a combination of mRNA expression and mutation as input variables, are less accurate compared to the CpG-based models. While a 290 mRNA/mutation model was able to predict PTX activity with R2 of 0.830 (for 546 cell lines), a 236 mRNA/mutation model could calculate DTX activity at R2 of 0.751 (for 531 cell lines). The CpG-based models restricted to lung cancer cell lines were also highly predictive (R2≥0.980) for PTX (74 CpGs, 88 cell lines) and DTX (58 CpGs, 83 cell lines). The underlying molecular biology behind taxane activity/resistance is evident in these models. Indeed, many of the genes represented in PTX or DTX CpG-based models have functionalities related to apoptosis (e.g., ACIN1, TP73, TNFRSF10B, DNASE1, DFFB, CREB1, BNIP3), and mitosis/microtubules (e.g., MAD1L1, ANAPC2, EML4, PARP3, CCT6A, JAKMIP1). Also represented are genes involved in epigenetic regulation (HDAC4, DNMT3B, and histone demethylases KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM2B, and KDM7A), and those that have never been previously linked to taxane activity (DIP2C, PTPRN2, TTC23, SHANK2). In summary, it is possible to accurately predict taxane activity in cell lines based entirely on methylation at multiple CpG sites.
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Network Biology and Artificial Intelligence Drive the Understanding of the Multidrug Resistance Phenotype in Cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 60:100811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Marcu LG, Marcu DC. Current Omics Trends in Personalised Head and Neck Cancer Chemoradiotherapy. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111094. [PMID: 34834445 PMCID: PMC8625829 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy remains the most common management of locally advanced head and neck cancer. While both treatment components have greatly developed over the years, the quality of life and long-term survival of patients undergoing treatment for head and neck malignancies are still poor. Research in head and neck oncology is equally focused on the improvement of tumour response to treatment and on the limitation of normal tissue toxicity. In this regard, personalised therapy through a multi-omics approach targeting patient management from diagnosis to treatment shows promising results. The aim of this paper is to discuss the latest results regarding the personalised approach to chemoradiotherapy of head and neck cancer by gathering the findings of the newest omics, involving radiotherapy (dosiomics), chemotherapy (pharmacomics), and medical imaging for treatment monitoring (radiomics). The incorporation of these omics into head and neck cancer management offers multiple viewpoints to treatment that represent the foundation of personalised therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana G. Marcu
- Faculty of Informatics & Science, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - David C. Marcu
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Information Technology, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
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15
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Sun Y, Wang X, Wen H, Zhu B, Yu L. Expression and Clinical Significance of the NCAPH, AGGF1, and FOXC2 Proteins in Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:7253-7262. [PMID: 34584452 PMCID: PMC8464304 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s329688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recurrence and metastasis are the most common causes of high mortality rates in patients with serous ovarian cancer (SOC). Non-structural maintenance of chromosomes (non-SMC) condensin I complex subunit H (NCAPH) is a newly identified essential oncoprotein whose function in SOC pathogenesis has not been reported yet. Angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1 (AGGF1) is an effective promoter of angiogenesis in humans, leading to cancer cell infiltration and progression. Forkhead box C2 (FOXC2) plays a pivotal role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The present study analyzed the correlations among the expressions of these three proteins and their relationships with the clinicopathological characteristics and survival of patients with SOC. Patients and Methods The expressions of NCAPH, AGGF1, and FOXC2 were detected by the immunohistochemical examination of 153 SOC tissue samples and 30 serous ovarian cystadenoma tissue samples. Clinicopathologic and follow-up data of the patients were collected. Results The expressions of NCAPH, AGGF1, and FOXC2 were remarkably higher in the SOC tissue samples than in the serous ovarian cystadenoma tissue samples. The protein expressions were positively correlated with the histological tumor grade, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, lymph node metastasis, and intraperitoneal implantation, but were negatively correlated with the overall survival (OS). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that the NCAPH, AGGF1, and FOXC2 expressions, FIGO stage, and histological tumor grade were independent adverse prognostic factors for OS in patients with SOC. Conclusion The results of this study show that the expressions of NCAPH, AGGF1, and FOXC2 are promising biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets in patients with SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hexin Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China.,Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China.,Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
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16
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Li Y, Zhu X, Liu C, Han Q, Chen X, Liu Y, Yin Y, He A, Xia F. Low FOXJ2 expression is associated with unfavorable postoperative prognosis of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24759. [PMID: 33725831 PMCID: PMC7969229 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The forkhead box (FOX) family is a large and diverse group of transcription factors. Forkhead box J2 (FOXJ2) is a member of the FOX family that is aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancers. However, its role in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains elusive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of FOXJ2 expression in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.The current study retrospectively included 151 patients with EOC from January 2013 to September 2016. FOXJ2 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry based on tissue microarrays. Then, the prognostic value of FOXJ2 expression and clinical outcomes were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and cox regression analysis.Low FOXJ2 expression was associated with high International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that high FOXJ2 expression was associated with improved median overall survival (OS, 57.9 vs 31.9 months; P = .037) and longer median progression-free survival (PFS, 31.8 vs 18.1 months; P = .012). Univariate analysis demonstrated that FOXJ2 expression was significantly correlated with OS and PFS in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Multivariate analysis revealed FOXJ2 expression as an independent prognostic factor of progression-free survival of epithelial ovarian cancer patients.Low FOXJ2 expression is a novel adverse prognostic factor of clinical outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
- Department of Gynecological Oncology
| | - Xinghua Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University
| | | | - Qing Han
- Department of Gynecological Oncology
| | | | - Yushan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Aiqin He
- Department of Gynecological Oncology
| | - Fei Xia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Hargadon KM, Győrffy B, Strong EW. The prognostic significance of FOXC2 gene expression in cancer: A comprehensive analysis of RNA-seq data from the cancer genome atlas. Cancer Genet 2021; 254-255:58-64. [PMID: 33636524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The FOXC2 transcription factor is a key regulator of tumor progression in many cancer types. Known to exhibit an array of oncogenic functions when dysregulated, FOXC2 has emerged as a useful biomarker for predicting disease aggression and patient outcome. In this regard, increased expression and nuclear localization of FOXC2 protein in tumor tissue have become well-established as poor prognostic factors for many cancer types. However, whether FOXC2 gene expression can serve as a similarly useful RNA-level biomarker has remained largely unexplored. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of TCGA RNA-seq data to evaluate whether FOXC2 gene expression levels in primary tumor biopsies correlate with patient outcome. We report herein that increased expression of FOXC2 RNA in tumor tissue is a poor prognostic factor for patient survival in many cancer types. Moreover, we also found that FOXC2 gene expression predicts cancer patient response to several commonly prescribed chemotherapeutics. Together, these data highlight FOXC2 RNA expression in tumor tissue as an important biomarker with prognostic significance for solid tumors of diverse origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian M Hargadon
- Hargadon Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Brown Student Center, Box 837, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943, USA.
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Bioinformatics and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto u. 7-9, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elijah W Strong
- Hargadon Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Brown Student Center, Box 837, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943, USA
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18
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Yu Y, Xiang K, Xu M, Li Y, Cui J, Zhang L, Tang X, Zhu X, Qian L, Zhang M, Yang Y, Yu Q, Shen Y, Gan Z. Prodrug Nanomedicine Inhibits Chemotherapy-Induced Proliferative Burst by Altering the Deleterious Intercellular Communication. ACS NANO 2021; 15:781-796. [PMID: 33410660 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used clinical antitumor strategies. However, the therapy-induced proliferative burst, which always accompanies drug resistance and metastasis, has become a major obstacle during treatment. Except for some endogenous cellular or genetic mechanisms and some microenvironmental selection pressures, the intercellular connections in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are also thought to be the driving force for the acquired drug resistance and proliferative burst. Even though some pathway inhibitors or cell exempting strategies could be applied to partially avoid these unwanted communications, the complexity of the TME and the limited knowledge about those unknown detrimental connections might greatly compromise the efforts. Therefore, a more broad-spectrum strategy is urgently needed to relieve the drug-induced burst proliferation during various treatments. In this article, based on the possible discrepancies in metabolic activity between cells with different growth rates, several ester-bond-based prodrugs were synthesized. After screening, 7-ethyl-10-hyodroxycamptothecin-based prodrug nanoparticles were found to efficiently overcome the paclitaxel resistance, to selectively act on the malignantly proliferated drug-resistant cells and, furthermore, to greatly diminish the proliferative effect of common cytotoxic agents by blocking the detrimental intercellular connections. With the discriminating ability against malignant proliferating cells, the as-prepared prodrug nanomedicine exhibited significant anticancer efficacy against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tumor models, either by itself or by combining with highly potent nonselective chemotherapeutics. This work provides a different perspective and a possible solution for the treatment of therapy-induced burst proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Yu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Keqi Xiang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingzhi Xu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiajunzi Cui
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lanqiong Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaohu Tang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xianqi Zhu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lili Qian
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingsong Yu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhihua Gan
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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19
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Cao Y, Xie L, Shi F, Tang M, Li Y, Hu J, Zhao L, Zhao L, Yu X, Luo X, Liao W, Bode AM. Targeting the signaling in Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases: mechanism, regulation, and clinical study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:15. [PMID: 33436584 PMCID: PMC7801793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus-associated diseases are important global health concerns. As a group I carcinogen, EBV accounts for 1.5% of human malignances, including both epithelial- and lymphatic-originated tumors. Moreover, EBV plays an etiological and pathogenic role in a number of non-neoplastic diseases, and is even involved in multiple autoimmune diseases (SADs). In this review, we summarize and discuss some recent exciting discoveries in EBV research area, which including DNA methylation alterations, metabolic reprogramming, the changes of mitochondria and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), oxidative stress and EBV lytic reactivation, variations in non-coding RNA (ncRNA), radiochemotherapy and immunotherapy. Understanding and learning from this advancement will further confirm the far-reaching and future value of therapeutic strategies in EBV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Research Center for Technologies of Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics Hunan Province, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Joint Engineering Research Center for Genetic Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.
| | - Longlong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yueshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Luqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Xinfang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
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20
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Mosca L, Ilari A, Fazi F, Assaraf YG, Colotti G. Taxanes in cancer treatment: Activity, chemoresistance and its overcoming. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 54:100742. [PMID: 33429249 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since 1984, when paclitaxel was approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma, taxanes have been widely used as microtubule-targeting antitumor agents. However, their historic classification as antimitotics does not describe all their functions. Indeed, taxanes act in a complex manner, altering multiple cellular oncogenic processes including mitosis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and ROS production. On the one hand, identification of the diverse effects of taxanes on oncogenic signaling pathways provides opportunities to apply these cytotoxic drugs in a more rational manner. On the other hand, this may facilitate the development of novel treatment modalities to surmount anticancer drug resistance. In the latter respect, chemoresistance remains a major impediment which limits the efficacy of antitumor chemotherapy. Taxanes have shown impact on key molecular mechanisms including disruption of mitotic spindle, mitosis slippage and inhibition of angiogenesis. Furthermore, there is an emerging contribution of cellular processes including autophagy, oxidative stress, epigenetic alterations and microRNAs deregulation to the acquisition of taxane resistance. Hence, these two lines of findings are currently promoting a more rational and efficacious taxane application as well as development of novel molecular strategies to enhance the efficacy of taxane-based cancer treatment while overcoming drug resistance. This review provides a general and comprehensive picture on the use of taxanes in cancer treatment. In particular, we describe the history of application of taxanes in anticancer therapeutics, the synthesis of the different drugs belonging to this class of cytotoxic compounds, their features and the differences between them. We further dissect the molecular mechanisms of action of taxanes and the molecular basis underlying the onset of taxane resistance. We further delineate the possible modalities to overcome chemoresistance to taxanes, such as increasing drug solubility, delivery and pharmacokinetics, overcoming microtubule alterations or mitotic slippage, inhibiting drug efflux pumps or drug metabolism, targeting redox metabolism, immune response, and other cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Dept. Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Via A. Scarpa 14-16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Lab, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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21
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Chen B, Zhang Y, Li C, Xu P, Gao Y, Xu Y. CNTN-1 promotes docetaxel resistance and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in prostate cancer. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:152-165. [PMID: 33488868 PMCID: PMC7811318 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.92939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapy options for prostate cancer (PCa) typically are centered on docetaxel-based chemotherapy but are limited by the effects of multi-drug resistance. Recent advances have illustrated a role of contactin-1 (CNTN-1) in tumor chemoresistance, while the function and mechanism of CNTN-1 in the resistance of docetaxel in prostate cancer have not yet been elucidated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Docetaxel (Dox)-resistant PCa cell lines of PC3 (PC3-DR) and DU145 (DU145-DR) were established, and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs targeting CNTN-1 were generated to analyze the effect of knockdown of CNTN-1 on PCa progression. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, wound-healing, transwell and western blotting analysis were used to analyze cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and related protein expression levels, respectively. RESULTS Knockdown of CNTN-1 in PC3-DR and DU145-DR cells attenuated cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT phenotype, and drug resistance, and increased cell apoptosis further reduced the tumorigenic phenotype. Knockdown of CNTN-1 resulted in an anti-tumor effect in the xenograft tumor model, and decreased activity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that downregulation of CNTN-1 may be an important mechanism to reverse chemoresistance in Dox-resistant PCa progression, thus shedding light on the development of novel anti-tumor therapeutics for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binshen Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoming Li
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubo Gao
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawen Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Guan S, Wei J, Huang L, Wu L. Chemotherapy and chemo-resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112758. [PMID: 32858472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and occurs frequently in the south of China and Southeast Asian countries. Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy is one of the main treatments for NPC. Although, the combined treatment of chemo-radiotherapy produces a satisfying survival rate, the chemo-resistance arises as a big obstacle in curing recurrent NPC patients. The acquirement of chemo-resistance is usually along with a poor prognosis. So far, the mechanism of chemo-resistance in NPC has not been fully elucidated and there have not been a comprehensive review on this issue. Thus, it is of great significance to summarize the mechanisms involved in NPC chemo-resistance. In this review, the importance and limitations of chemotherapy and the mechanisms of chemo-resistances in NPC were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Guan
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jinrui Wei
- Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Lingkun Huang
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lichuan Wu
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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23
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Neferine sensitized Taxol-resistant nasopharygeal carcinoma to Taxol by inhibiting EMT via downregulating miR-130b-5p. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:573-580. [PMID: 32811645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Taxol resistance led to the poor survival prognosis in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in tumor chemoresistance. Neferine (NEF) is found to sensitize the cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents, but its effects and mechanisms on NPC Taxol resistance is unclear. In this study, we discovered that Taxol-resistant cell lines 5-8F/Taxol and CNE-1/Taxol had the greater ability to metastasis and the higher expression of EMT markers. Then we found that NEF could inhibit the viability and EMT process in the Taxol-resistant cell lines. Furthermore, we confirmed that NEF could augment therapeutic efficacy of Taxol on NPC Taxol-resistant cell lines. Further through Microarray based analysis, we found that miR-130b-5p was stably down-regulated after treating 5-8F/Taxol with NEF. Later we verified that up-regulation of miR-130b-5p could not only promote the EMT-related migration/invasion, but also impair the inhibition effects of NEF on the EMT-associated metastatic ability and the chemotherapy resistance to Taxol. In conclusion, our results firstly suggested that NEF may enhanced Taxol sensitivity in NPC Taxol-resistant cell lines through inhibition of EMT which mediated by miR-130b-5p downregulation in vitro and in vivo. NEF may be used as a Taxol sensitizer in chemotherapy of NPC.
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24
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Huang ZH, Qiao J, Feng YY, Qiu MT, Cheng T, Wang J, Zheng CF, Lv ZQ, Wang CH. Reticulocalbin-1 knockdown increases the sensitivity of cells to Adriamycin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell apoptosis. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1576-1589. [PMID: 32436770 PMCID: PMC7469451 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1733750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) mainly appears in southeastern Asian countries, including China. Adriamycin (ADM), a type of antitumor drug, is widely applied in treatments against various cancers. Nevertheless, cancer cells will eventually develop drug resistance to ADM. The present study aims to explore the potential role of reticulocalbin-1 (RCN1) in NPC cells resistance to ADM. Microarray-based analysis was used to screen NPC-related genes, with RCN1 acquired for this current study. RCN1 expression in NPC tissues and cells was determined. The biological function of RCN1 on NPC cell apoptosis was evaluated via gain- and loss-of-function experiments in 5-8 F/ADM and 5-8 F cells by delivering si-RCN1 and RCN1-vector. The function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on cell apoptosis was measured with the involvement of the PERK-CHOP signaling pathway. Furthermore, tumor formation in nude mice was performed to evaluate the survival condition and RCN1 effects in vivo. RCN1 was highly expressed in NPC tissues and cell lines. The increased expression of ER-related proteins ATF4, CHOP, and the extents of IRE1 and PERK phosphorylation were observed. RCN1 knockdown was found to reduce resistance of NPC cells/tissues to ADM while activating ER stress through the activated PERK-CHOP signaling pathway, which further promoted NPC cell apoptosis. These in vitro findings were detected in vivo on tumor formation in nude mice. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that RCN1 knockdown stimulates ADM sensitivity in NPC by promoting ER stress-induced cell apoptosis, highlighting a theoretical basis for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hao Huang
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qiao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | | | - Meng-Ting Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Feng Zheng
- Linfen Meternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Linfen, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qin Lv
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Hong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
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25
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Tumor microenvironment and epithelial mesenchymal transition as targets to overcome tumor multidrug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 53:100715. [PMID: 32679188 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that multifactorial drug resistance hinders successful cancer treatment. Tumor cell interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and multidrug resistance (MDR). TME-induced factors secreted by cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) create an inflammatory microenvironment by recruiting immune cells. CD11b+/Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and inflammatory tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are main immune cell types which further enhance chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation nurtures tumor-initiating/cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), induces both EMT and MDR leading to tumor relapses. Pro-thrombotic microenvironment created by inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from TAMs, MDSCs and CAFs is also involved in EMT and MDR. MDSCs are the most common mediators of immunosuppression and are also involved in resistance to targeted therapies, e.g. BRAF inhibitors and oncolytic viruses-based therapies. Expansion of both cancer and stroma cells causes hypoxia by hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (e.g. HIF-1α) resulting in drug resistance. TME factors induce the expression of transcriptional EMT factors, MDR and metabolic adaptation of cancer cells. Promoters of several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes contain binding sites for canonical EMT transcription factors, e.g. ZEB, TWIST and SNAIL. Changes in glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and autophagy during EMT also promote MDR. Conclusively, EMT signaling simultaneously increases MDR. Owing to the multifactorial nature of MDR, targeting one mechanism seems to be non-sufficient to overcome resistance. Targeting inflammatory processes by immune modulatory compounds such as mTOR inhibitors, demethylating agents, low-dosed histone deacetylase inhibitors may decrease MDR. Targeting EMT and metabolic adaptation by small molecular inhibitors might also reverse MDR. In this review, we summarize evidence for TME components as causative factors of EMT and anticancer drug resistance.
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26
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He W, Kang Y, Zhu W, Zhou B, Jiang X, Ren C, Guo W. FOXF2 acts as a crucial molecule in tumours and embryonic development. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:424. [PMID: 32503970 PMCID: PMC7275069 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As a key member of the forkhead box transcription factors, forkhead box F2 (FOXF2) serves as a transcriptional regulator and regulates downstream gene expression in embryonic development, metabolism and in some common diseases, such as stroke and gastroparesis. Recent studies have shown that aberrant expression of FOXF2 is associated with a variety of tumorigenic processes, such as proliferation, invasion and metastasis. The role of FOXF2 in the development of many different organs has been confirmed by studies and has been speculated about in case reports. We focus on the mechanisms and signal pathways of tumour development initiated by aberrant expression of FOXF2, and we summarize the diseases and signal pathways caused by aberrant expression of FOXF2 in embryogenesis. This article highlights the differences in the role of FOXF2 in different tumours and demonstrates that multiple factors can regulate FOXF2 levels. In addition, FOXF2 is considered a biomarker for the diagnosis or prognosis of various tumours. Therefore, regulating the level of FOXF2 is an ideal treatment for tumours. FOXF2 could also affect the expression of some organ-specific genes to modulate organogenesis and could serve as a biomarker for specific differentiated cells. Finally, we present prospects for the continued research focus of FOXF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihan He
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yuanbo Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bolun Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China. .,Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Weihua Guo
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China. .,Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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27
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Chen J, Rong X, Liu X, Zheng D, Rong X, Chen F, Zhao P, Liu F, Ruan J. FOXC2 is a prognostic biomarker and contributes to the growth and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:196. [PMID: 32508532 PMCID: PMC7249675 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Forkhead box C2 (FOXC2) is a crucial factor involving in various cancers. However, its functions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. Here, we explored the role of FOXC2 in the progression of HCC and its potential mechanisms. Methods FOXC2 expression in HCC tissue and cells were detected by immunohistochemistry or western blot and real-time PCR. CCK8, wound healing and transwell assay were used to measure cell growth and invasion. Tumor formation experiment was carried out to assess the tumorigenicity of HCC cells. Regulation of FOXC2 on Ang-2 was validated by luciferase assay and complementary experiments. Results Increased FOXC2 expression was found to be associated positively with more aggressive clinicopathologic features. HCC patients with higher FOXC2 expression had significantly shorter overall survival. FOXC2 expression was indentified as an independent risk factor for resectable HCC. Increased FOXC2 expression accelerated the migration and invasion of HCC cells, accompanied by enhanced Ang-2 expression. Likewise, FOXC2 knockdown yielded opposite results. Moreover, FOXC2 stimulated the activation of the Ang-2 promoter. Suppression of Ang-2 expression hindered the FOXC2-mediated EMT processs, cell migration and invasion of HCC. Conclusions FOXC2 is a novel prognostic predictor for HCC and may facilitate the growth and invasion through Ang-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000 People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Rong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Dayong Zheng
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Rong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Fengsheng Chen
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiye Liu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000 People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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28
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Decreased ZNF750 promotes angiogenesis in a paracrine manner via activating DANCR/miR-4707-3p/FOXC2 axis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:296. [PMID: 32341351 PMCID: PMC7186230 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
ZNF750 is one novel significantly mutated gene identified in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using next-generation sequencing. However, its clinically relevant and potential mechanisms have remained elusive. Using genomic sequencing of 612 ESCC patients, we analyzed the associations of ZNF750 mutations with clinicopathologic features and its prognostic value. We further investigated the function and underlying mechanism of ZNF750 in angiogenesis. The results showed ZNF750 mutations/deletions are significantly associated with malignant progression and poor prognosis of ESCC patients. Decreased ZNF750 in ESCC cells induces enhanced angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human arterial endothelial cells (HAECs), and the effect may be indirectly mediated by FOXC2. RNA-seq and ChIP shows lncRNA DANCR is a direct downstream target of ZNF750. Furtherly, knockdown ZNF750 evokes DANCR expression, which prevents miR-4707-3p to interact with FOXC2 as a microRNA sponge in a ceRNA manner, leading to enhanced FOXC2 signaling and angiogenesis. In contrast, ZNF750 expression reverses the effect. Our study reveals a novel mechanism of ZNF750, highlights a significance of ZNF750 as a metastatic and prognostic biomarker, and offers potential therapeutic targets for ESCC patients harboring ZNF750 mutations.
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29
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Rab25-Mediated EGFR Recycling Causes Tumor Acquired Radioresistance. iScience 2020; 23:100997. [PMID: 32252020 PMCID: PMC7132159 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor acquired radioresistance remains as the major limit in cancer radiotherapy (RT). Rab25, a receptor recycling protein, has been reported to be enhanced in tumors with aggressive phenotype and chemotherapy resistance. In this study, elevated Rab25 expression was identified in an array of radioresistant human cancer cell lines, in vivo radioresistant xenograft tumors. Clinical investigation confirmed that Rab25 expression was also associated with a worse prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Enhanced activities of EGFR were observed in both NPC and LUAD radioresistant cells. Rab25 interacts with EGFR to enhance EGFR recycling to cell surface and to decrease degradation in cytoplasm. Inhibition of Rab25 showed synergized radiosensitivity with reduced aggressive phenotype. This study provides the clinical and experimental evidence that Rab25 is a potential therapeutic target to alleviate the hyperactive EGFR signaling and to prevent RT-acquired tumor resistance in patients with LUAD and NPC.
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30
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Hargadon KM, Györffy B, Strong EW, Tarnai BD, Thompson JC, Bushhouse DZ, Johnson CE, Williams CJ. The FOXC2 Transcription Factor Promotes Melanoma Outgrowth and Regulates Expression of Genes Associated With Drug Resistance and Interferon Responsiveness. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 16:491-503. [PMID: 31659103 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The FOXC2 transcription factor promotes the progression of several cancer types, but has not been investigated in the context of melanoma cells. To study FOXC2's influence on melanoma progression, we generated a FOXC2-deficient murine melanoma cell line and evaluated The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) patient datasets. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared tumor growth kinetics and RNA-seq/qRT-PCR gene expression profiles from wild-type versus FOXC2-deficient murine melanomas. We also performed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of TCGA data to assess the influence of FOXC2 gene expression on melanoma patients' response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. RESULTS FOXC2 promotes melanoma progression and regulates the expression of genes associated with multiple oncogenic pathways, including the oxidative stress response, xenobiotic metabolism, and interferon responsiveness. FOXC2 expression in melanoma correlates negatively with patient response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. CONCLUSION FOXC2 drives a tumor-promoting gene expression program in melanoma and is a prognostic indicator of patient response to multiple cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian M Hargadon
- Hargadon Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, U.S.A.
| | - Balázs Györffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elijah W Strong
- Hargadon Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, U.S.A
| | - Brian D Tarnai
- Hargadon Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, U.S.A
| | - Jefferson C Thompson
- Hargadon Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, U.S.A
| | - David Z Bushhouse
- Hargadon Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, U.S.A
| | - Coleman E Johnson
- Hargadon Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, U.S.A
| | - Corey J Williams
- Hargadon Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, U.S.A
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31
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Sun L, Wang Y, Zhang H, Min C, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Xin Z, Zhu S, Yang Y, Burge RE, Yuan X. Graphene-Based Confocal Refractive Index Microscopy for Label-Free Differentiation of Living Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cells. ACS Sens 2020; 5:510-518. [PMID: 31927913 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Label-free imaging and investigation of living cells are significant for many biomedical studies. It has been challenging to detect the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cells in situ without affecting cellular activity. Here, we present a common-path differential confocal microscope based on the polarization-sensitive absorption of graphene to realize high-performance refractive index imaging and differentiation of living colorectal cancer cells (HCT116) with large detecting depth (1.29 μm), excellent refractive index resolution (2.86 × 10-5 RIU), and high spatial resolution (727 nm) simultaneously. Compared with epithelial (parental HCT116) cells, mesenchymal (paclitaxel-resistant HCT116) cells manifest generally lower refractive index values through the refractive index statistics, which is due to the stronger migration ability and weaker surface adherence of mesenchymal cells. The graphene-based microscopy provides an effective label-free approach to high-resolution imaging and study of living cell kinetics, and we expect it to be widely used in the research fields of pathology, tumorigenesis, and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixun Sun
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yijia Wang
- Laboratory of Oncologic Molecular Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Changjun Min
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuquan Zhang
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chonglei Zhang
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ziqiang Xin
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Siwei Zhu
- Laboratory of Oncologic Molecular Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ronald E. Burge
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Xiaocong Yuan
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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32
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Chen Y, Deng G, Fu Y, Han Y, Guo C, Yin L, Cai C, Shen H, Wu S, Zeng S. FOXC2 Promotes Oxaliplatin Resistance by Inducing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via MAPK/ERK Signaling in Colorectal Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1625-1635. [PMID: 32110058 PMCID: PMC7041600 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s241367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemoresistance is a major obstacle to improving the survival rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2), a member of the forkhead box (Fox) transcription factor family, is reported to be an important regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and plays a key role in tumor progression. However, little is known about the effects of FOXC2 on oxaliplatin (OXA) resistance in CRC. Methods OXA-resistant cells were generated from HCT116 cells. CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry and Transwell assays were used to compare the characteristics of OXA-resistant HCT116/OXA cells and the corresponding parental HCT116 cells. The expression of FOXC2 was confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting in HCT116/OXA and HCT116 cells. Gain- and loss-of-function assays were performed to evaluate the effects of FOXC2 on OXA sensitivity and EMT in HCT116/OXA and HCT116 cells both in vitro and in vivo, and the possible molecular mechanisms were investigated. Results The relative expression of FOXC2 was significantly increased in HCT116/OXA cells compared with the parental HCT116 cells. Upregulation of FOXC2 in HCT116 cells reduced OXA sensitivity and promoted EMT. However, knockdown of FOXC2 in HCT116/OXA cells markedly increased the in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of HCT116/OXA cells to OXA by regulating EMT progression. Furthermore, FOXC2 activated MAPK/ERK signaling, and blockade of ERK attenuated FOXC2-induced EMT and FOXC2-enhanced OXA resistance. Conclusion FOXC2 induced EMT to promote oxaliplatin resistance by activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. FOXC2 may be a potential therapeutic target for overcoming OXA resistance in human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganlu Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaojie Fu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Guo
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yin
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjing Cai
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobin Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
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33
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Liang L, Wu J, Luo J, Wang L, Chen ZX, Han CL, Gan TQ, Huang JA, Cai ZW. Oxymatrine reverses 5-fluorouracil resistance by inhibition of colon cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition and NF-κB signaling in vitro. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:519-526. [PMID: 31897166 PMCID: PMC6924048 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the sensitization of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant colon cancer cells in vitro, using oxymatrine, a Chinese herb, and a quinolizidine alkaloid compound extracted from the root of Sophora flavescens. The HCT-8 colon cancer cell line and its 5-FU-resistant subline HCT-8/5-FU were treated with 5-FU and oxymatrine, alone or in combination, at various doses. The cells were subsequently assessed for changes in cell viability, apoptosis and morphology and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and western blotting. The data demonstrated that HCT-8/5-FU markedly increased the dose of 5-FU required for the suppression of tumor cell viability (78.77±1.90 µg/ml vs. 9.20±0.96 µg/ml in parental HCT-8 cells), whereas HCT-8/5-FU induced the tumor cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). By contrast, oxymatrine alone and in combination with 5-FU altered HCT-8/5-FU cell morphology, apoptosis and EMT phenotypes. The combination of oxymatrine and 5-FU reduced the protein expression of snail family transcriptional repressor 2 and vimentin, phosphorylated p65 and induced the expression of E-cadherin, by inhibiting the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In conclusion, the data from the present study demonstrated that EMT was associated with 5-FU chemoresistance in HCT-8/5-FU colon cancer cells, and that oxymatrine treatment was able to reverse such resistance. Oxymatrine may regulate tumor cell EMT and inactivate the NF-κB signaling pathway, and may therefore serve as a potential therapeutic drug to reverse 5-FU resistance in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Thoracic-Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zu Xuan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Long Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ting Qing Gan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jie An Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wen Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Li Y, Zu X, Hu X, Wang L, He W. Forkhead Box R2 Knockdown Decreases Chemoresistance to Cisplatin via MYC Pathway in Bladder Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:8928-8939. [PMID: 31761897 PMCID: PMC6894368 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is a very common urological cancer globally, and cisplatin- or gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is essential for advanced bladder cancer patients. Many patients with bladder cancer have a relatively poor response to chemotherapy, leading to failure of clinical treatment. We mined the GSE77883 GEO dataset, identifying FoxR2 as being a significantly upregulated gene in T24 chemoresistant cells. Herein, we assessed how FoxR2 functions in bladder cancer cell chemoresistance. Material/Methods Cisplatin-resistant T24 (T24/DDP) cells were constructed by administering increasing concentrations of cisplatin, and differences in expression of FoxR2 were examined in T24/DDP and T24 cells. FoxR2 loss- and gain-of-function cells models were established in T24/DDP and T24 cells, respectively. Cell survival, clone formation, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis were assessed, and the MYC pathway was verified. Results FoxR2 was significantly upregulated in T24/DDP cells compared to T24 cells. Knockdown of FoxR2 in T24/DDP cells, survival rate, and clone formation were decreased, G1/S phase transition was suppressed, and cell apoptosis was promoted. These results were reversed by restoration of FoxR2 levels in T24 cells. We found that FoxR2 knockdown enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin, whereas MYC overexpression antagonized chemosensitivity in T24/DDP cells. Conclusions FoxR2 knockdown decreases chemoresistance to cisplatin via the MYC pathway in bladder cancer cells, and this may be a target for overcoming chemoresistance in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangle Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiongbing Zu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiheng Hu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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Jing D, Zhou W, Shen L, Zhang Q, Xie W, Shen E, Li Z, Shen L, Sun L. RIG-I promotes IFN/JAK2 expression and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response to inhibit chemoradiation resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6344-6357. [PMID: 31464090 PMCID: PMC6797570 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RIG-I is associated with the occurrence and development of many tumors. However, the role of RIG-I in radiotherapy and chemotherapy in NPC has not been reported to date. In our study, RIG-I expression was significantly reduced in chemoradiotherapy-resistant NPC tissues and cells compared with that in therapy-sensitive tissues and cells. RIG-I expression increased in nonresistant NPC cells, including CNE1 and CNE2, in a dose-dependent manner with increasing chemotherapy drug concentration or radiotherapy dose. RIG-I overexpression promoted radiotherapy and chemotherapy sensitivity in NPC cells, leading to cellular apoptosis and increased expression of the proapoptotic factors BAX and caspase-3. Similarly, RIG-I knockdown in NPC cells promoted chemoradiotherapy resistance and reduced apoptosis. Analysis of microarray data indicated that the expression of IFN/JAK2 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response markers, such as JAK2, STAT1, IRF9, IFNB1, IRF3, p-IRF3, XBP1, ATF6, IFIT2, and ISG15, was inhibited in chemoradiotherapy-resistant cells compared with that in sensitive cells. Conversely, activation of IFN/JAK2 and ER stress response pathways in NPC cells reduced paclitaxel resistance and increased apoptosis. RIG-I promotes IFN/JAK2 and ER stress response-mediated apoptosis to inhibit chemoradiation resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jing
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Weibing Zhou
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Qian Zhang
- Teaching and Research Section of SurgeryXiangnan University Affiliated HospitalChenzhouHunanChina
| | - Wang‐Ti Xie
- Department of OncologyThe First People's Hospital of YueYangYue YangHunanChina
| | - Erdong Shen
- Department of OncologyThe First People's Hospital of YueYangYue YangHunanChina
| | - Zhi Li
- Center for Molecular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Liang‐Fang Shen
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Lun‐Quan Sun
- Center for Molecular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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36
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Xie F, Dong D, Du N, Guo L, Ni W, Yuan H, Zhang N, Jie J, Liu G, Tai G. An 8‑gene signature predicts the prognosis of cervical cancer following radiotherapy. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2990-3002. [PMID: 31432147 PMCID: PMC6755236 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression and DNA methylation levels affect the outcomes of patients with cancer. The present study aimed to establish a multigene risk model for predicting the outcomes of patients with cervical cancer (CerC) treated with or without radiotherapy. RNA sequencing training data with matched DNA methylation profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Patients were divided into radiotherapy and non‑radiotherapy groups according to the treatment strategy. Differently expressed and methylated genes between the two groups were identified, and 8 prognostic genes were identified using Cox regression analysis. The optimized risk model based on the 8‑gene signature was defined using the Cox's proportional hazards model. Kaplan‑Meier survival analysis indicated that patients with higher risk scores exhibited poorer survival compared with patients with lower risk scores (log‑rank test, P=3.22x10‑7). Validation using the GSE44001 gene set demonstrated that patients in the high‑risk group exhibited a shorter survival time comprared with the low‑risk group (log‑rank test, P=3.01x10‑3). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for the training and validation sets were 0.951 and 0.929, respectively. Cox regression analyses indicated that recurrence and risk status were risk factors for poor outcomes in patients with CerC treated with or without radiotherapy. The present study defined that the 8‑gene signature was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with CerC. The 8‑gene prognostic model had predictive power for CerC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dan Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Na Du
- Department of Infections, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Ni
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Jie
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guomu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guixiang Tai
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the US. Current major treatments for cancer management include surgery, cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, endocrine therapy and immunotherapy. Despite the endeavors and achievements made in treating cancers during the past decades, resistance to classical chemotherapeutic agents and/or novel targeted drugs continues to be a major problem in cancer therapies. Drug resistance, either existing before treatment (intrinsic) or generated after therapy (acquired), is responsible for most relapses of cancer, one of the major causes of death of the disease. Heterogeneity among patients and tumors, and the versatility of cancer to circumvent therapies make drug resistance more challenging to deal with. Better understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance is required to provide guidance to future cancer treatment and achieve better outcomes. In this review, intrinsic and acquired resistance will be discussed. In addition, new discoveries in mechanisms of drug resistance will be reviewed. Particularly, we will highlight roles of ATP in drug resistance by discussing recent findings of exceptionally high levels of intratumoral extracellular ATP as well as intracellular ATP internalized from extracellular environment. The complexity of drug resistance development suggests that combinational and personalized therapies, which should take ATP into consideration, might provide better strategies and improved efficacy for fighting drug resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Xiaozhuo Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Chen B, Zhou W, Zhao W, Yuan P, Tang C, Wang G, Leng J, Ma J, Wang X, Hui Y, Wang Q. Oxaliplatin reverses the GLP-1R-mediated promotion of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by altering FoxO1 signaling. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1989-1998. [PMID: 31423269 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary liver cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of <10%; effective drug treatment for ICC is currently lacking. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is upregulated in ICC; however, the functions of GLP-1R in ICC remain unknown. In this study, the upregulation of GLP-1R was confirmed in ICC cells using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, and GLP-1R was determined to promote the migration and invasion of ICC cells using Transwell assays. This tumor-promoting effect depended on the upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation-associated proteins, which was mediated by the FoxO1 signaling pathway. It was also indicated that following oxaliplatin treatment, the effects of GLP-1R on EMT and invasion were reversed. This functional reversion was associated with the reduced phosphorylation of S256 in forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) and an increase in the levels of unphosphorylated FoxO1. These findings suggest that incretin-based therapies may increase the risk of ICC metastasis and should not be used solely for the treatment of patients with ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Chaofeng Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Genwang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Junzhi Leng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Department of Postgraduate, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Postgraduate, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Hui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
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Cui Z, Zhao Y. microRNA-342-3p targets FOXQ1 to suppress the aggressive phenotype of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:104. [PMID: 30678643 PMCID: PMC6346514 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background microRNA (miR)-342–3p is frequently dysregulated in human cancers. In the present study, we aimed to explore the expression, prognostic significance, and biological relevance of miR-342-3p in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods We examined miR-342-3p expression in 79 paired NPC specimens and corresponding normal tissues and analyzed its prognostic impact on overall survival of NPC patients. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to determine the biological roles of miR-342-3p. Results Compared with matched normal nasopharyngeal tissues, miR-342-3p was significantly downregulated in NPC (P = 0.0038). Low miR-342-3p expression was significantly correlated with reduced overall survival (P = 0.0084). Ectopic expression of miR-342-3p significantly suppressed proliferation, colony formation, and invasion of NPC cells. In contrast, depletion of miR-342-3p facilitated NPC cell proliferation and invasion. In vivo xenograft studies confirmed that overexpression of miR-342-3p restrained the growth of NPC xenograft tumors. Mechanistically, FOXQ1 served as a functional target of miR-342-3p. There was a significantly negative correlation between miR-342-3p and FOXQ1 expression (r = − 0.487, P = 0.004) in NPC specimens. Overexpression of FOXQ1 rescued the inhibitory effects of miR-342-3p on NPC cell growth and invasion. Conclusions miR-342-3p downregulation predicts poor prognosis in NPC patients and shows suppressive activity against NPC growth and invasion through repression of FOXQ1. Restoration of miR-342-3p may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheqing Cui
- Department of Rhinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- Department of Rhinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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40
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Shi G, Zheng X, Wu X, Wang S, Wang Y, Xing F. All-trans retinoic acid reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in paclitaxel-resistant cells by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B and upregulating gap junctions. Cancer Sci 2018; 110:379-388. [PMID: 30375704 PMCID: PMC6317959 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapy drug, but development of resistance leads to treatment failure. Tumor cells that are treated with a sublethal dose of paclitaxel for a long period of time show the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, which leads to metastasis and resistance. All‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is always used in combination with paclitaxel and can reverse EMT in many types of cancer cells. The ability of ATRA to reverse EMT in chemoresistant cells is still unknown. In the present study, the ability of ATRA to reverse EMT in paclitaxel‐resistant cells was investigated. Three colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT116, LoVo and CT26, were treated with sublethal doses of paclitaxel to create resistant cell lines. Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and “parachute” dye‐coupling assays showed that ATRA reverses EMT, inhibits nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κΒ), and upregulates gap junctions in paclitaxel‐resistant cells. Scratch wound‐healing and Transwell assays showed that ATRA decreases the migration and invasion abilities of paclitaxel‐resistant cells. In addition, the CT26 cell line was used in the Balb/c pulmonary metastasis model to show that ATRA reduces metastasis of paclitaxel‐resistant cells in vivo. Given these data, ATRA may reverse EMT by inhibiting NF‐κΒ and upregulating gap junctions in paclitaxel‐resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Shi
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Xiaojing Wu
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijia Wang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, NanKai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Xing
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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41
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Bach DH, Long NP, Luu TTT, Anh NH, Kwon SW, Lee SK. The Dominant Role of Forkhead Box Proteins in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3279. [PMID: 30360388 PMCID: PMC6213973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) proteins are multifaceted transcription factors that are significantly implicated in cancer, with various critical roles in biological processes. Herein, we provide an overview of several key members of the FOXA, FOXC, FOXM1, FOXO and FOXP subfamilies. Important pathophysiological processes of FOX transcription factors at multiple levels in a context-dependent manner are discussed. We also specifically summarize some major aspects of FOX transcription factors in association with cancer research such as drug resistance, tumor growth, genomic alterations or drivers of initiation. Finally, we suggest that targeting FOX proteins may be a potential therapeutic strategy to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Hiep Bach
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | | | | | - Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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42
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He Y, Xie H, Yu P, Jiang S, Wei L. FOXC2 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 82:1049-1059. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Yan L, Xu F, Dai CL. Relationship between epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the inflammatory microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:203. [PMID: 30157906 PMCID: PMC6114477 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process involving multiple genes, steps and stages. It refers to the disruption of tight intercellular junctions among epithelial cells under specific conditions, resulting in loss of the original polarity, order and consistency of the cells. Following EMT, the cells show interstitial cell characteristics with the capacity for adhesion and migration, while apoptosis is inhibited. This process is critically involved in embryogenesis, wound-healing, tumor invasion and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment is composed of infiltrating inflammatory cells, stromal cells and the active medium secreted by interstitial cells. Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a history of hepatitis virus infection. In such cases, major components of the tumor microenvironment include inflammatory cells, inflammatory factors and virus-encoded protein are major components. Here, we review the relationship between EMT and the inflammatory tumor microenvironment in the context of HCC. We also further elaborate the significant influence of infiltrating inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators as well as the products expressed by the infecting virus in the tumor microenvironment on the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chao-Liu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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44
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You ML, Chen YJ, Chong QY, Wu MM, Pandey V, Chen RM, Liu L, Ma L, Wu ZS, Zhu T, Lobie PE. Trefoil factor 3 mediation of oncogenicity and chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma is AKT-BCL-2 dependent. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39323-39344. [PMID: 28445151 PMCID: PMC5503616 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacious treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a challenge, partially being attributed to intrinsic chemoresistance. Previous reports have observed increased TFF3 expression in HCC. Herein, we investigated the functional role of TFF3 in progression of HCC, and in both intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance. TFF3 expression was observed to be upregulated in HCC and associated with poor clinicopathological features and worse patient survival outcome. Functionally, forced expression of TFF3 in HCC cell lines increased cell proliferation, cell survival, anchorage-independent and 3D matrigel growth, cell invasion and migration, and in vivo tumor growth. In contrast, depleted expression of TFF3 decreased the oncogenicity of HCC cells as indicated by the above parameters. Furthermore, forced expression of TFF3 decreased doxorubicin sensitivity of HCC cells, which was attributed to increased doxorubicin efflux and cancer stem cell-like behavior of Hep3B cells. In contrast, depletion of TFF3 increased doxorubicin sensitivity and decreased cancer stem cell-like behavior of Hep3B cells. Correspondingly, TFF3 expression was markedly increased in Hep3B cells with acquired doxorubicin resistance, while the depletion of TFF3 resulted in re-sensitization of the Hep3B cells to doxorubicin. The increased doxorubicin efflux and enhanced cancer stem cell-like behavior of the doxorubicin-resistant Hep3B cells was observed to be dependent on TFF3 expression. In addition, we determined that TFF3-stimulated oncogenicity and chemoresistance in HCC cells was mediated by AKT-dependent expression of BCL-2. Hence, therapeutic inhibition of TFF3 should be considered to hinder HCC progression and overcome intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Liang You
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Jun Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing-Yun Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming-Ming Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale Hefei, Anhui, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ru-Mei Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Oncology and Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale Hefei, Anhui, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen, China
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45
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Zhou HP, Qian LX, Zhang N, Gu JJ, Ding K, Wu J, Lu ZW, Du MY, Zhu HM, Wu JZ, He X, Yin L. MIIP gene expression is associated with radiosensitivity in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9471-9479. [PMID: 29805670 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the radiosensitization effect of the migration and invasion inhibitory protein (MIIP) gene on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. The MIIP gene was transfected into NPC 5-8F and CNE2 cells. The level of MIIP was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and western blot. The changes in radiosensitivity of the cells were analyzed by colony formation assay. The changes in cell apoptosis and cycle distribution following irradiation were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator/B-cell lymphoma 2 was evaluated using western blot. DNA damage was analyzed by counting γ-H2AX foci. The expression levels of γ-H2AX were evaluated by immunofluorescence and western blot. In a previous study by the authors, the results indicated that the expression of MIIP gene evidently increased in MIIP-transfected 5-8F (5-8F OE) and MIIP-transfected CNE2 (CNE2 OE) cells compared with the parental or negative control cells. In the present study, the survival rate of 5-8F OE and CNE2 OE cells markedly decreased following irradiation (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy) compared with the negative control (5-8F NC and CNE2 NC) and the untreated (5-8F and CNE2) groups. The expression of MIIP was able to increase apoptosis, which resulted in G2/M cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair was attenuated in 5-8F and CNE2 cells following irradiation as measured by the accumulation of γ-H2AX. It was indicated that MIIP expression is associated with the radiosensitivity of NPC cells and has a significant role in regulating cell radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ping Zhou
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Xi Qian
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Lu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yu Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Ming Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Xia He
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Li Yin
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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46
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Shimoda Y, Ubukata Y, Handa T, Yokobori T, Watanabe T, Gantumur D, Hagiwara K, Yamanaka T, Tsukagoshi M, Igarashi T, Watanabe A, Kubo N, Araki K, Harimoto N, Katayama A, Hikino T, Sano T, Ogata K, Kuwano H, Shirabe K, Oyama T. High expression of forkhead box protein C2 is associated with aggressive phenotypes and poor prognosis in clinical hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:597. [PMID: 29801468 PMCID: PMC5970457 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of tumor death; thus, the identification of markers related to its diagnosis and prognosis is critical. Previous studies have revealed that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in tumor invasion and metastasis, and the forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) has been shown to promote tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT. In the present study, we examined the clinicopathological significance of FOXC2 and EMT-related markers in clinical HCC specimens and identified factors related to the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. Methods The expression of FOXC2 and EMT-related markers was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 84 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Results A high expression of FOXC2 was observed in 26 of 84 cases, and expression was significantly correlated with background liver cirrhosis, poor tumor differentiation, high serum AFP, and elevated cell proliferation markers. In addition, this high expression was related to the induction of the Cadherin switch and vimentin expression and was an independent predictor for poor prognosis. Conclusion The high expression of FOXC2 in HCC is correlated with tumor malignancy and poor prognosis, suggesting that FOXC2 may be an important prognostic factor for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shimoda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yasunari Ubukata
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tadashi Handa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Watanabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Dolgormaa Gantumur
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kei Hagiwara
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamanaka
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Mariko Tsukagoshi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takamichi Igarashi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norio Kubo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Araki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norifumi Harimoto
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ayaka Katayama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hikino
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sano
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Ogata
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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47
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FOXM1 contributes to taxane resistance by regulating UHRF1-controlled cancer cell stemness. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:562. [PMID: 29752436 PMCID: PMC5948215 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapy-induced expansion of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been identified as one of the most critical factors contributing to therapeutic resistance, but the mechanisms of this adaptation are not fully understood. UHRF1 is a key epigenetic regulator responsible for therapeutic resistance, and controls the self-renewal of stem cells. In the present study, taxane-resistant cancer cells were established and stem-like cancer cells were expanded. UHRF1 was overexpressed in the taxane-resistant cancer cells, which maintained CSC characteristics. UHRF1 depletion overcame taxane resistance in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, FOXM1 has been reported to play a role in therapeutic resistance and the self-renewal of CSCs. FOXM1 and UHRF1 are highly correlated in prostate cancer tissues and cells, FOXM1 regulates CSCs by regulating uhrf1 gene transcription in an E2F-independent manner, and FOXM1 protein directly binds to the FKH motifs at the uhrf1 gene promoter. This present study clarified a novel mechanism by which FOXM1 controls CSCs and taxane resistance through a UHRF1-mediated signaling pathway, and validated FOXM1 and UHRF1 as two potential therapeutic targets to overcome taxane resistance.
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48
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Gozo MC, Jia D, Aspuria PJ, Cheon DJ, Miura N, Walts AE, Karlan BY, Orsulic S. FOXC2 augments tumor propagation and metastasis in osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68792-68802. [PMID: 27634875 PMCID: PMC5356590 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor that contains a small subpopulation of tumor-propagating cells (also known as tumor-initiating cells) characterized by drug resistance and high metastatic potential. The molecular mechanism by which tumor-propagating cells promote tumor growth is poorly understood. Here, we report that the transcription factor forkhead box C2 (FOXC2) is frequently expressed in human osteosarcomas and is important in maintaining osteosarcoma cells in a stem-like state. In osteosarcoma cell lines, we show that anoikis conditions stimulate FOXC2 expression. Downregulation of FOXC2 decreases anchorage-independent growth and invasion in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo, while overexpression of FOXC2 increases tumor propagation in vivo. In osteosarcoma cell lines, we demonstrate that high levels of FOXC2 are associated with and required for the expression of osteosarcoma tumor-propagating cell markers. In FOXC2 knockdown cell lines, we show that CXCR4, a downstream target of FOXC2, can restore osteosarcoma cell invasiveness and metastasis to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricel C Gozo
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Graduate Program in Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dongyu Jia
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul-Joseph Aspuria
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dong-Joo Cheon
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Naoyuki Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ann E Walts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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49
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Song K, Lv T, Chen Y, Diao Y, Yao Q, Wang Y. Emodin inhibits TGF-β2 by activating the FOXD3/miR‑199a axis in ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:2063-2070. [PMID: 29512773 PMCID: PMC5928761 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly metastatic malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related death in postmenopausal women. Emodin is a natural anthraquinone isolated from several traditional Chinese medicines including Rhubarb and Polygonum cuspidatum. Recently, emodin was demonstrated to reduce the growth of human ovarian carcinoma cells. However, the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we identified that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 was significantly affected by emodin treatment in A2780 cells using microarray analysis. MicroRNA (miR)-199a was predicted as a potential miRNA targeting TGF-β2 by in silico prediction using TargetScan. The mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β2 were both significantly reduced by miR-199a. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between the expression level of miR-199a and TGF-β2 in human ovarian cancer specimens. Silencing of miR-199a with miR-199a inhibitor significantly restored the reduction in TGF-β2 expression induced by emodin. Additionally, cell viability and colony formation of A2780 cells were markedly inhibited by emodin treatment, which was mediated by miR-199a. We analyzed the primary mature miR-199a-1 and miR-199a-2 transcripts in A2780 cells treated with emodin or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and found that only pri-miR-199a-1 was regulated by emodin. A conserved binding site of Forkhead box D3 (FOXD3) was identified within pri-miR-199a-1. We further revealed that miR-199a expression was significantly regulated by FOXD3. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that emodin may directly promote FOXD3 expression and sequentially activates miR-199a, which in turn suppresses the expression of TGF-β2 to reduce cell viability and colony formation of A2780 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejuan Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Teng Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yuchao Diao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yankui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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50
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Wang T, Zheng L, Wang Q, Hu YW. Emerging roles and mechanisms of FOXC2 in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 479:84-93. [PMID: 29341903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2), a transcription factor of the forkhead/winged-helix family, is required for embryonic and prenatal development. FOXC2 acts as a crucial modulator during both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis via multiple angiogenic and lymphangiogenic pathways, respectively. Although recent studies have shed light on the emerging role of FOXC2 in cancer, very little is known about the precise underlying mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding of FOXC2 and provide potential mechanistic explanations of the relationship between FOXC2 and cancer, as well as discuss the prospect for future research in the promising prognostic value of FOXC2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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