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Concurrent CDX2 cis-deregulation and UBTF-ATXN7L3 fusion define a novel high-risk subtype of B-cell ALL. Blood 2022; 139:3505-3518. [PMID: 35316324 PMCID: PMC9203705 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CDX2 cis-deregulation and UBTF::ATXN7L3 fusion driven by focal deletions define a novel subtype of B-ALL. CDX2/UBTF::ATXN7L3 is a high-risk B-ALL subtype in young adults, which warrants improved therapeutic strategies.
Oncogenic alterations underlying B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in adults remain incompletely elucidated. To uncover novel oncogenic drivers, we performed RNA sequencing and whole-genome analyses in a large cohort of unresolved B-ALL. We identified a novel subtype characterized by a distinct gene expression signature and the unique association of 2 genomic microdeletions. The 17q21.31 microdeletion resulted in a UBTF::ATXN7L3 fusion transcript encoding a chimeric protein. The 13q12.2 deletion resulted in monoallelic ectopic expression of the homeobox transcription factor CDX2, located 138 kb in cis from the deletion. Using 4C-sequencing and CRISPR interference experiments, we elucidated the mechanism of CDX2 cis-deregulation, involving PAN3 enhancer hijacking. CDX2/UBTF ALL (n = 26) harbored a distinct pattern of additional alterations including 1q gain and CXCR4 activating mutations. Within adult patients with Ph− B-ALL enrolled in GRAALL trials, patients with CDX2/UBTF ALL (n = 17/723, 2.4%) were young (median age, 31 years) and dramatically enriched in females (male/female ratio, 0.2, P = .002). They commonly presented with a pro-B phenotype ALL and moderate blast cell infiltration. They had poor response to treatment including a higher risk of failure to first induction course (19% vs 3%, P = .017) and higher post-induction minimal residual disease (MRD) levels (MRD ≥ 10−4, 93% vs 46%, P < .001). This early resistance to treatment translated into a significantly higher cumulative incidence of relapse (75.0% vs 32.4%, P = .004) in univariate and multivariate analyses. In conclusion, we discovered a novel B-ALL entity defined by the unique combination of CDX2 cis-deregulation and UBTF::ATXN7L3 fusion, representing a high-risk disease in young adults.
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Morgan R, Hunter K, Pandha HS. Downstream of the HOX genes: explaining conflicting tumour suppressor and oncogenic functions in cancer. Int J Cancer 2022; 150:1919-1932. [PMID: 35080776 PMCID: PMC9304284 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The HOX genes are a highly conserved group of transcription factors that have key roles in early development, but which are also highly expressed in most cancers. Many studies have found strong associative relationships between the expression of individual HOX genes in tumours and clinical parameters including survival. For the majority of HOX genes, high tumour expression levels seem to be associated with a worse outcome for patients, and in some cases this has been shown to result from the activation of pro-oncogenic genes and pathways. However, there are also many studies that indicate a tumour suppressor role for some HOX genes, sometimes with conclusions that contradict earlier work. In this review, we have attempted to clarify the role of HOX genes in cancer by focusing on their downstream targets as identified in studies that provide experimental evidence for their activation or repression. On this basis, the majority of HOX genes would appear to have a pro-oncogenic function, with the notable exception of HOXD10, which acts exclusively as a tumour suppressor. HOX proteins regulate a wide range of target genes involved in metastasis, cell death, proliferation, and angiogenesis, and activate key cell signalling pathways. Furthermore, for some functionally related targets, this regulation is achieved by a relatively small subgroup of HOX genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Morgan
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of West LondonLondonUK
| | - Keith Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Hardev S. Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
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Zhou T, Feng Z, Yang F, Zhu W, Cao J, Hou X, Zhao Y, Chen D. High expression of HOXB7 is an unfavorable prognostic factor for solid malignancies: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28564. [PMID: 35060516 PMCID: PMC8772762 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HOXB7 is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors, but its prognostic value remains unclear due to sample size limitation and outcome inconsistency in previous studies. This meta-analysis was performed to explore the effect of HOXB7 expression on prognoses and clinicopathological factors in range of the whole solid tumors. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify included studies. Hazard ratios (HR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) and clinicopathological factors were extracted. Subgroup analyses were performed according to histopathological type, tumor occurrence systems, and HOXB7 detection methods. RESULTS A total of 3430 solid tumors patients from 20 studies (21 cohorts) were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that high HOXB7 expression was significantly associated with worse survival (overall survival: HR = 1.98, 95%CI: 1.74-2.26, P < .001 and disease-free survival: HR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.21-2.09, P = .001), more advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (odds ratio [OR] = 2.14, 95%CI: 1.68-2.73, P < .001), positive lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.74-2.70, P < .001), more distant metastasis (OR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.01-2.63, P = .048), poorer differentiation (OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.14-1.91, P = .003), and higher Ki-67 expression (OR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.68-3.84, P < .001). Subgroup analysis showed that survival of patients with HOXB7 high expression was worse in either squamous cell carcinomas or non-squamous cell carcinomas, digestive tumors or non-digestive tumors, and protein level or mRNA level. CONCLUSION High HOXB7 expression might be a valuable biomarker of poor prognosis for solid tumors. HOXB7 promotes tumor proliferation and metastasis, and is associated with poorer differentiation, more advanced stage, even the chemotherapy resistance, suggesting that HOXB7 is a potential therapeutic target for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Zonghao Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Weipeng Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Xianming Hou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Senior Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Donghong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, China
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Entrenching role of cell cycle checkpoints and autophagy for maintenance of genomic integrity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 86:102748. [PMID: 31790874 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genomic integrity of the cell is crucial for the successful transmission of genetic information to the offspring and its survival. Persistent DNA damage induced by endogenous and exogenous agents leads to various metabolic manifestations. To combat this, eukaryotes have developed complex DNA damage response (DDR) pathway which senses the DNA damage and activates an arsenal of enzymes for the repair of damaged DNA. The active pathways for DNA repair are nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER) and mismatch repair (MMR) for single-strand break repair whereas homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) for double-strand break repair. OGG1 is a DNA glycosylase which initiates BER while Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) protein complex is the primary responder to DSBs which gets localized to damage sites. DNA damage response is meticulously executed by three related kinases: ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK. ATM- and ATR-dependent phosphorylation of p53, Chk1, and Chk2 regulate the G1/S, intra-S, or G2/M checkpoints of the cell cycle, respectively. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of DNA repair and maintains the cellular homeostasis. Genotoxic stress-induced altered autophagy occurs in a P53 dependent manner which is also the master regulator of genotoxic stress. A plethora of proteins involved in autophagy is regulated by p53 which involve DRAM, DAPK, and AMPK. As evident, the mtDNA is more prone to damage than nuclear DNA because of its close proximity to the site of ROS generation. Depending on the extent of damage either the repair mechanism or mitophagy gets triggered. SIRT1 is the master regulator which directs the stress response to mitophagy. Nix, a LC3 adapter also participates in Parkin mediated mitophagy. This review highlights the intricate crosstalks between DNA damage and cell cycle checkpoints activation. The DNA damage mediated regulation of autophagy and mitophagy is also reviewed in detail.
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Zhou T, Fu H, Dong B, Dai L, Yang Y, Yan W, Shen L. HOXB7 mediates cisplatin resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through involvement of DNA damage repair. Thorac Cancer 2019; 11:3071-3085. [PMID: 31568655 PMCID: PMC7606015 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA damage repair is an important mechanism of platinum resistance. HOXB7 is one member of HOX family genes, which are essential developmental regulators and frequently dysregulated in cancer. Recently, its relevance in chemotherapy resistance and DNA damage repair has also been addressed. However, little is known regarding the association between HOXB7 and chemotherapy resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods The association between HOXB7 expression detected by immunohistochemisty and tumor regression grade (TRG) and long‐term survival was analyzed in 143 ESCC patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CCK8 assay was used to examine the effect of cisplatin in a panel of four ESCC cell lines. A stable cell strain with HOXB7 knockdown of KYSE150 and KYSE450 was established to explore the effect on cisplatin sensitivity. The interaction of HOXB7 with Ku70, Ku80 and DNA‐PKcs was determined by GST‐pull down, coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent colocalization. Finally, we investigated whether disrupting HOXB7 function by a synthetic peptide HXR9 blocking the formation of HOXB7/PBX could enhance cisplatin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Results High expression of HOXB7 was associated with cisplatin resistance and worse chemotherapy efficacy. HOXB7 knockdown reinforced cisplatin sensitivity. It was identified that HOXB7 interacts with Ku70, Ku80 and DNA‐PKcs. HOXB7 knockdown was related to the downregulation of Ku70, Ku80 and DNA‐PKcs as well as arrested cell cycle in S phase. HOXB7 inhibition by HXR9 had a synergistic effect to improve cisplatin sensitivity. Conclusion HOXB7 may be a biomarker for the prediction of chemoresistance of ESCC and serves as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Dai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wanpu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Luyan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Feltes BC. Architects meets Repairers: The interplay between homeobox genes and DNA repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 73:34-48. [PMID: 30448208 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Homeobox genes are widely considered the major protagonists of embryonic development and tissue formation. For the past decades, it was established that the deregulation of these genes is intimately related to developmental abnormalities and a broad range of diseases in adults. Since the proper regulation and expression of homeobox genes are necessary for a successful developmental program and tissue function, their relation to DNA repair mechanisms become a necessary discussion. However, important as it is, studies focused on the interplay between homeobox genes and DNA repair are scarce, and there is no critical discussion on the subject. Hence, in this work, I aim to provide the first review of the current knowledge of the interplay between homeobox genes and DNA repair mechanisms, and offer future perspectives on this, yet, young ground for new researches. Critical discussion is conducted, together with a careful assessment of each reviewed topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno César Feltes
- Institute of Informatics, Department of Theoretical Informatics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Xu Y, Wu D, Liu J, Huang S, Zuo Q, Xia X, Jiang Y, Wang S, Chen Y, Wang T, Sun L. Downregulated lncRNA HOXA11-AS Affects Trophoblast Cell Proliferation and Migration by Regulating RND3 and HOXA7 Expression in PE. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:195-206. [PMID: 30195759 PMCID: PMC6023946 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA HOXA11-AS displays abnormal expression in numerous human diseases. However, its function and biological mechanisms remain unclear in preeclampsia (PE). In this study, we report that HOXA11-AS is significantly downregulated in preeclamptic placental tissues and could contribute to the occurrence and development of PE. Silencing of HOXA11-AS expression could significantly suppress trophoblast cell growth and migration, whereas HOXA11-AS overexpression facilitated cell growth in the HTR-8/SVneo, JEG3, and JAR cell lines. RNA-seq analysis also indicated that HOXA11-AS silencing preferentially regulated numerous genes associated with cell proliferation and cell migration. Mechanistic analyses showed that HOXA11-AS could recruit Ezh2 and Lsd1 protein and regulate RND3 mRNA expression in the nucleus. In the cytoplasm, HOXA11-AS modulates HOXA7 expression by sponged miR-15b-5p, affecting trophoblast cell proliferation. Together, these data confirm that aberrant expression of HOXA11-AS is involved in the occurrence and development of PE and may act as a prospective diagnosis and therapeutic target in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproduction Center, Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Shiyun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Zuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xi Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, FuTian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sailan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanzi Chen
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianjun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lizhou Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Johnson TE, Lee JH, Myler LR, Zhou Y, Mosley TJ, Yang SH, Uprety N, Kim J, Paull TT. Homeodomain Proteins Directly Regulate ATM Kinase Activity. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1471-1483. [PMID: 30089259 PMCID: PMC6127865 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a serine/threonine kinase that coordinates the response to DNA double-strand breaks and oxidative stress. NKX3.1, a prostate-specific transcription factor, was recently shown to directly stimulate ATM kinase activity through its highly conserved homeodomain. Here, we show that other members of the homeodomain family can also regulate ATM kinase activity. We found that six representative homeodomain proteins (NKX3.1, NKX2.2, TTF1, NKX2.5, HOXB7, and CDX2) physically and functionally interact with ATM and with the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex that activates ATM in combination with DNA double-strand breaks. The binding between homeodomain proteins and ATM stimulates oxidation-induced ATM activation in vitro but inhibits ATM kinase activity in the presence of MRN and DNA and in human cells. These findings suggest that many tissue-specific homeodomain proteins may regulate ATM activity during development and differentiation and that this is a unique mechanism for the control of the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya E Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Logan R Myler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Trenell J Mosley
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Soo-Hyun Yang
- College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nadima Uprety
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tanya T Paull
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Liu FT, Chen HM, Xiong Y, Zhu ZM. Deregulated HOXB7 expression predicts poor prognosis of patients with malignancies of digestive system. MINERVA CHIR 2017; 74:422-430. [PMID: 28749115 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4733.17.07325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between deregulated HOXB7 expression with the clinical outcome in patients with digestive stem cancers, HOXB7 has showed negative impacts but with varying levels. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the prediction and prognostic value of HOXB7 in digestive stem cancers. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Electronic databases updated to December 1st, 2016 were retrieved to collect relevant eligible studies to quantitatively explore the potential roles of HOXB7 as a prognostic indicator in digestive system cancers. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A total of 9 studies (N.=1298) was included in this synthetical meta-analysis. The pooled hazard ratios suggested that high expression of HOXB7 protein was associated with poor prognosis of OS in patients with digestive system cancers (HR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.65-2.28, P=0.000), and HOXB7 protein could act as an independent prognostic factor for predicting OS of patients with digestive system cancers (HR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.69-2.36, P=0.000). Statistical significance was also observed in subgroup meta-analysis based on the cancer type, histology type, country, sample size and publication date. Furthermore, we examined the correlations between HOXB7 protein and clinicopathological features. It showed that altered expression of HOXB7 protein was correlated with tumor invasion (P=0.000), lymph node status (P=0.000), distant metastasis (P=0.001) and TNM stage (P=0.000). However, the expression of HOXB7 protein was not associated with age (P=0.64), gender (P=0.40) or levels of differentiation (P=0.19). CONCLUSIONS High expression of HOXB7 protein was associated with poor prognosis of patients with digestive system cancers, as well as clinicopathologic characteristics, including the tumor invasion, lymph node status, distant metastasis and TNM stage. The expression of HOXB7 protein was not associated with age, gender or levels of differentiation. HOXB7 protein expression level in tumor tissue might serve as a novel prognostic marker for digestive system cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Teng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Han-Min Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng-Ming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China -
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