1
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He J, Munir F, Catueno S, Connors JS, Gibson A, Robusto L, McCall D, Nunez C, Roth M, Tewari P, Garces S, Cuglievan B, Garcia MB. Biological Markers of High-Risk Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:858. [PMID: 38473221 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has witnessed substantial improvements in prognosis; however, a subset of patients classified as high-risk continues to face higher rates of relapse and increased mortality. While the National Cancer Institute (NCI) criteria have traditionally guided risk stratification based on initial clinical information, recent advances highlight the pivotal role of biological markers in shaping the prognosis of childhood ALL. This review delves into the emerging understanding of high-risk childhood ALL, focusing on molecular, cytogenetic, and immunophenotypic markers. These markers not only contribute to unraveling the underlying mechanisms of the disease, but also shed light on specific clinical patterns that dictate prognosis. The paradigm shift in treatment strategies, exemplified by the success of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia, underscores the importance of recognizing and targeting precise risk factors. Through a comprehensive exploration of high-risk childhood ALL characteristics, this review aims to enhance our comprehension of the disease, offering insights into its molecular landscape and clinical intricacies in the hope of contributing to future targeted and tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasen He
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Faryal Munir
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samanta Catueno
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeremy S Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amber Gibson
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lindsay Robusto
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David McCall
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cesar Nunez
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priti Tewari
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sofia Garces
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Branko Cuglievan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Miriam B Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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2
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De Mel S, Lee AR, Tan JHI, Tan RZY, Poon LM, Chan E, Lee J, Chee YL, Lakshminarasappa SR, Jaynes PW, Jeyasekharan AD. Targeting the DNA damage response in hematological malignancies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1307839. [PMID: 38347838 PMCID: PMC10859481 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1307839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the DNA damage response (DDR) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of many cancers. The dependency of certain cancers on DDR pathways has enabled exploitation of such through synthetically lethal relationships e.g., Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for BRCA deficient ovarian cancers. Though lagging behind that of solid cancers, DDR inhibitors (DDRi) are being clinically developed for haematological cancers. Furthermore, a high proliferative index characterize many such cancers, suggesting a rationale for combinatorial strategies targeting DDR and replicative stress. In this review, we summarize pre-clinical and clinical data on DDR inhibition in haematological malignancies and highlight distinct haematological cancer subtypes with activity of DDR agents as single agents or in combination with chemotherapeutics and targeted agents. We aim to provide a framework to guide the design of future clinical trials involving haematological cancers for this important class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay De Mel
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ainsley Ryan Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joelle Hwee Inn Tan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Zi Yi Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Mei Poon
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esther Chan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Lin Chee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Satish R. Lakshminarasappa
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick William Jaynes
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand D. Jeyasekharan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Lorentzian AC, Rever J, Ergin EK, Guo M, Akella NM, Rolf N, James Lim C, Reid GSD, Maxwell CA, Lange PF. Targetable lesions and proteomes predict therapy sensitivity through disease evolution in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7161. [PMID: 37989729 PMCID: PMC10663560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) genomes show that relapses often arise from subclonal outgrowths. However, the impact of clonal evolution on the actionable proteome and response to targeted therapy is not known. Here, we present a comprehensive retrospective analysis of paired ALL diagnosis and relapsed specimen. Targeted next generation sequencing and proteome analysis indicate persistence of actionable genome variants and stable proteomes through disease progression. Paired viably-frozen biopsies show high correlation of drug response to variant-targeted therapies but in vitro selectivity is low. Proteome analysis prioritizes PARP1 as a pan-ALL target candidate needed for survival following cellular stress; diagnostic and relapsed ALL samples demonstrate robust sensitivity to treatment with two PARP1/2 inhibitors. Together, these findings support initiating prospective precision oncology approaches at ALL diagnosis and emphasize the need to incorporate proteome analysis to prospectively determine tumor sensitivities, which are likely to be retained at disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Lorentzian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program at the BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jenna Rever
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program at the BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Enes K Ergin
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program at the BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Meiyun Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program at the BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Neha M Akella
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program at the BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nina Rolf
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program at the BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C James Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program at the BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gregor S D Reid
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program at the BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christopher A Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program at the BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Philipp F Lange
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program at the BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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4
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Hiroki H, Ishii Y, Piao J, Namikawa Y, Masutani M, Honda H, Akahane K, Inukai T, Morio T, Takagi M. Targeting Poly(ADP)ribose polymerase in BCR/ABL1-positive cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7588. [PMID: 37165001 PMCID: PMC10172294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BCR/ABL1 causes dysregulated cell proliferation and is responsible for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph1-ALL). In addition to the deregulatory effects of its kinase activity on cell proliferation, BCR/ABL1 induces genomic instability by downregulating BRCA1. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) effectively induce cell death in BRCA-defective cells. Therefore, PARPi are expected to inhibit growth of CML and Ph1-ALL cells showing downregulated expression of BRCA1. Here, we show that PARPi effectively induced cell death in BCR/ABL1 positive cells and suppressed colony forming activity. Prevention of BCR/ABL1-mediated leukemogenesis by PARP inhibition was tested in two in vivo models: wild-type mice that had undergone hematopoietic cell transplantation with BCR/ABL1-transduced cells, and a genetic model constructed by crossing Parp1 knockout mice with BCR/ABL1 transgenic mice. The results showed that a PARPi, olaparib, attenuates BCR/ABL1-mediated leukemogenesis. One possible mechanism underlying PARPi-dependent inhibition of leukemogenesis is increased interferon signaling via activation of the cGAS/STING pathway. This is compatible with the use of interferon as a first-line therapy for CML. Because tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy does not completely eradicate leukemic cells in all patients, combined use of PARPi and a TKI is an attractive option that may eradicate CML stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Hiroki
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Jinhua Piao
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yui Namikawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 852-8523, Nagasaki, Japan
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
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5
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Wang L, Wang P, Chen X, Yang H, Song S, Song Z, Jia L, Chen H, Bao X, Guo N, Huan X, Xi Y, Shen Y, Yang X, Su Y, Sun Y, Gao Y, Chen Y, Ding J, Lang J, Miao Z, Zhang A, He J. Thioparib inhibits homologous recombination repair, activates the type I IFN response, and overcomes olaparib resistance. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16235. [PMID: 36652375 PMCID: PMC9994488 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have shown great promise for treating BRCA-deficient tumors. However, over 40% of BRCA-deficient patients fail to respond to PARPi. Here, we report that thioparib, a next-generation PARPi with high affinity against multiple PARPs, including PARP1, PARP2, and PARP7, displays high antitumor activities against PARPi-sensitive and -resistant cells with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency both in vitro and in vivo. Thioparib treatment elicited PARP1-dependent DNA damage and replication stress, causing S-phase arrest and apoptosis. Conversely, thioparib strongly inhibited HR-mediated DNA repair while increasing RAD51 foci formation. Notably, the on-target inhibition of PARP7 by thioparib-activated STING/TBK1-dependent phosphorylation of STAT1, triggered a strong induction of type I interferons (IFNs), and resulted in tumor growth retardation in an immunocompetent mouse model. However, the inhibitory effect of thioparib on tumor growth was more pronounced in PARP1 knockout mice, suggesting that a specific PARP7 inhibitor, rather than a pan inhibitor such as thioparib, would be more relevant for clinical applications. Finally, genome-scale CRISPR screening identified PARP1 and MCRS1 as genes capable of modulating thioparib sensitivity. Taken together, thioparib, a next-generation PARPi acting on both DNA damage response and antitumor immunity, serves as a therapeutic potential for treating hyperactive HR tumors, including those resistant to earlier-generation PARPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Pharm‐X Center, School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Evolution and Marine BiodiversityOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Xiao‐Min Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shan‐Shan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zilan Song
- Pharm‐X Center, School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Li Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hua‐Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xu‐Bin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ne Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xia‐Juan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yan‐Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xin‐Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi‐Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ying‐Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jing‐Yu Lang
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Ze‐Hong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Pharm‐X Center, School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jin‐Xue He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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6
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Hiroki H, Akahane K, Inukai T, Morio T, Takagi M. Synergistic effect of combined PI3 kinase inhibitor and PARP inhibitor treatment on BCR/ABL1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Int J Hematol 2022; 117:748-758. [PMID: 36575328 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) function by inhibiting base excision repair and inducing synthetic lethality in homologous recombination repair-deficient cells, such as BRCA1/2-mutated cancer cells. The BCR/ABL1 fusion protein causes dysregulated cell proliferation and is responsible for chronic myelogenous leukemia and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL). BCR/ABL1 also induces genomic instability by downregulating BRCA1. We investigated the effect of the PARPi, olaparib, against Ph+ALL cell lines and found that they show variable sensitivity, presumably due to cancer-associated genetic alterations other than BCR/ABL1. To investigate the reasons for the variable responses of Ph+ALL cells to PARPi treatment, we analyzed the transcriptomes of olaparib-sensitive and -resistant Ph+ALL cell lines, which revealed that activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway was a hallmark of PARPi resistance. Based on these findings, we examined the effects of adding a PI3K inhibitor (PI3Ki) to PARPi treatment to overcome PARPi insensitivity in Ph+ALL cell lines. Combination with PI3Ki increased PARPi cytotoxicity in PARPi-resistant Ph+ALL cell lines. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is the gold standard for Ph+ALL, and, based on our findings, we propose that PARPi combined with TKI and PI3K inhibition could be a novel therapeutic strategy for Ph+ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Hiroki
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
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7
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Pre-Existing and Acquired Resistance to PARP Inhibitor-Induced Synthetic Lethality. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235795. [PMID: 36497275 PMCID: PMC9741207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The advanced development of synthetic lethality has opened the doors for specific anti-cancer medications of personalized medicine and efficient therapies against cancers. One of the most popular approaches being investigated is targeting DNA repair pathways as the implementation of the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) into individual or combinational therapeutic schemes. Such treatment has been effectively employed against homologous recombination-defective solid tumors as well as hematopoietic malignancies. However, the resistance to PARPi has been observed in both preclinical research and clinical treatment. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms responsible for the resistance to PARPi is pivotal for the further success of this intervention. Apart from mechanisms of acquired resistance, the bone marrow microenvironment provides a pre-existing mechanism to induce the inefficiency of PARPi in leukemic cells. Here, we describe the pre-existing and acquired mechanisms of the resistance to PARPi-induced synthetic lethality. We also discuss the potential rationales for developing effective therapies to prevent/repress the PARPi resistance in cancer cells.
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8
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Takagi M, Ogawa C, Iehara T, Aoki-Nogami Y, Ishibashi E, Imai M, Kimura T, Nagata M, Yasuhara M, Masutani M, Yoshimura K, Tomizawa D, Ogawa A, Yonemori K, Morishita A, Miyamoto S, Takita J, Kihara T, Nobori K, Hasebe K, Miya F, Ikeda S, Shioda Y, Matsumoto K, Fujimura J, Mizutani S, Morio T, Hosoi H, Koike R. First phase 1 clinical study of olaparib in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors. Cancer 2022; 128:2949-2957. [PMID: 35593736 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival of patients with high-risk, refractory, relapsed, or metastatic solid tumors remains dismal. A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor could be effective for the treatment of pediatric solid tumors with defective homologous recombination. METHODS This open-label, multicenter phase 1 clinical trial evaluated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors to recommend a dose for Phase 2 trials. Olaparib (62.5, 125, and 187.5 mg/m2 twice daily) was administered orally every day (1 cycle = 28 days) using a standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation design. Patients aged 3-18 years with recurrent pediatric solid tumors were eligible. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses were performed. RESULTS Fifteen patients were enrolled and received olaparib monotherapy, which was well tolerated. The recommended phase 2 dose for daily administration was 187.5 mg/m2 twice daily. Pharmacokinetics were dose proportional. The area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 h and the peak plasma concentration for 187.5 mg/m2 twice daily in children were comparable to previous data obtained in a 200-mg, twice-daily cohort and lower than those in the 300-mg twice-daily cohort in adults. Pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated substantial inhibition of PARP activity. Two partial responses were observed in patients with Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma. CONCLUSIONS This report is the first clinical trial to describe the use of a PARP inhibitor as monotherapy in children. Olaparib was well tolerated, with preliminary antitumor responses observed in DNA damage response-defective pediatric tumors. LAY SUMMARY This Phase 1 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of olaparib in patients with refractory childhood solid tumors. Olaparib was well tolerated, achieving objective response in 2/15 patients. The DNA damage response was attenuated in nearly one-half of advanced neuroblastoma patients, demonstrating the utility of the PARP inhibitor. The results support further investigation of olaparib as a new treatment for DNA damage-response or repair-defective pediatric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chitose Ogawa
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Iehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Aoki-Nogami
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Ishibashi
- University Research Administration Division, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Imai
- University Research Administration Division, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimi Kimura
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagata
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
| | - Masato Yasuhara
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Innovative Clinical Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.,Future Medical Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomizawa
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Children's Cancer Center, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogawa
- Pediatrics, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aoi Morishita
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kihara
- University Research Administration Division, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Nobori
- Medical Innovation Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Hasebe
- University Research Administration Division, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Miya
- Department of Medical Science Mathematics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sadakatsu Ikeda
- Department of Precision Cancer Medicine, Center for Innovative Cancer Treatment, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Shioda
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Children's Cancer Center, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Matsumoto
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Children's Cancer Center, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Fujimura
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuki Mizutani
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuji Koike
- Medical Innovation Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Targeting PARP proteins in acute leukemia: DNA damage response inhibition and therapeutic strategies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:10. [PMID: 35065680 PMCID: PMC8783444 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of the Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) superfamily are involved in several biological processes and, in particular, in the DNA damage response (DDR). The most studied members, PARP1, PARP2 and PARP3, act as sensors of DNA damages, in order to activate different intracellular repair pathways, including single-strand repair, homologous recombination, conventional and alternative non-homologous end joining. This review recapitulates the functional role of PARPs in the DDR pathways, also in relationship with the cell cycle phases, which drives our knowledge of the mechanisms of action of PARP inhibitors (PARPi), encompassing inhibition of single-strand breaks and base excision repair, PARP trapping and sensitization to antileukemia immune responses. Several studies have demonstrated a preclinical activity of the current available PARPi, olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, veliparib and talazoparib, as single agent and/or in combination with cytotoxic, hypomethylating or targeted drugs in acute leukemia, thus encouraging the development of clinical trials. We here summarize the most recent preclinical and clinical findings and discuss the synthetic lethal interactions of PARPi in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Despite the low frequency of genomic alterations of PARP and other DDR-related genes in acute leukemia, selective vulnerabilities have been reported in several disease subgroups, along with a “BRCAness phenotype.” AML carrying the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 or PML-RARA fusion genes or mutations in signaling genes (FLT3-ITD in combination with TET2 or TET2 and DNMT3A deficiency), cohesin complex members (STAG2), TP53 and BCOR as co-occurring lesions, IDH1/2 and ALL cases expressing the TCF3-HLF chimera or TET1 was highly sensitive to PARPi in preclinical studies. These data, along with the warning coming from the observation of cases of therapy-related myeloid malignancies among patients receiving PARPi for solid tumors treatment, indicate that PARPi represents a promising strategy in a personalized medicine setting. The characterization of the clonal and subclonal genetic background and of the DDR functionality is crucial to select acute leukemia patients that will likely benefit of PARPi-based therapeutic regimens.
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10
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PARP Inhibitors and Myeloid Neoplasms: A Double-Edged Sword. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246385. [PMID: 34945003 PMCID: PMC8699275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, which are medications approved to treat various solid tumors, including breast, prostate, ovarian, and prostate cancers, are being examined in hematological malignancies. This review summarizes the potential role of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of myeloid diseases, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We review ongoing clinical studies investigating the safety and efficacy of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of AML, focusing on specific molecular and genetic AML subgroups that could be particularly sensitive to PARP inhibitor treatment. We also discuss reports describing an increased risk of treatment-related myeloid neoplasms in patients receiving PARP inhibitors for solid tumors. Abstract Despite recent discoveries and therapeutic advances in aggressive myeloid neoplasms, there remains a pressing need for improved therapies. For instance, in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), while most patients achieve a complete remission with conventional chemotherapy or the combination of a hypomethylating agent and venetoclax, de novo or acquired drug resistance often presents an insurmountable challenge, especially in older patients. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes, PARP1 and PARP2, are involved in detecting DNA damage and repairing it through multiple pathways, including base excision repair, single-strand break repair, and double-strand break repair. In the context of AML, PARP inhibitors (PARPi) could potentially exploit the frequently dysfunctional DNA repair pathways that, similar to deficiencies in homologous recombination in BRCA-mutant disease, set the stage for cell killing. PARPi appear to be especially effective in AML with certain gene rearrangements and molecular characteristics (RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and PML-RARA fusions, FLT3- and IDH1-mutated). In addition, PARPi can enhance the efficacy of other agents, particularly alkylating agents, TOP1 poisons, and hypomethylating agents, that induce lesions ordinarily repaired via PARP1-dependent mechanisms. Conversely, emerging reports suggest that long-term treatment with PARPi for solid tumors is associated with an increased incidence of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and AML. Here, we (i) review the pre-clinical and clinical data on the role of PARPi, specifically olaparib, talazoparib, and veliparib, in aggressive myeloid neoplasms and (ii) discuss the reported risk of MDS/AML with PARPi, especially as the indications for PARPi use expand to include patients with potentially curable cancer.
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11
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PARP Inhibitors and Haematological Malignancies-Friend or Foe? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215328. [PMID: 34771492 PMCID: PMC8582507 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary PARP inhibitors are a class of orally active drugs that kill a range of cancer types by inducing synthetic lethality. The usefulness of PARP inhibitors for the treatment of haematological malignancies has begun to be explored in a variety of both pre-clinical models and human clinical trials. Despite being largely considered safe and well tolerated, secondary haematological malignancies have arisen in patients following treatment with PARP inhibitors, raising concerns about their use. In this review, we discuss the potential benefits and risks for using PARP inhibitors as treatments for haematological malignancies. Abstract Since their introduction several years ago, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have become the standard of care for breast and gynaecological cancers with BRCA gene mutations. Given that PARPi act by exploiting defective DNA repair mechanisms within tumour cells, they should be ideally suited to combatting haematological malignancies where these pathways are notoriously defective, even though BRCA mutations are rare. To date, despite promising results in vitro, few clinical trials in humans for haematological malignancies have been performed, and additional investigation is required. Paradoxically, secondary haematological malignancies have arisen in patients after treatment with PARPi, raising concerns about their potential use as therapies for any blood or bone marrow-related disorders. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the biological, pre-clinical, and clinical evidence for and against treating individual haematological malignancies with approved and experimental PARPi. We conclude that the promise of effective treatment still exists, but remains limited by the lack of investigation into useful biomarkers unique to these malignancies.
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12
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Intermediate between Idiopathic Hypereosinophilia and Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia: A Report of Two Hypereosinophilic Cases with Possible Novel Molecular Mutations. Case Rep Hematol 2021; 2021:1142124. [PMID: 34513100 PMCID: PMC8426067 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1142124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To distinguish a reactive eosinophilia from its malignant counterpart is challenging. Establishing clonality of the eosinophils is crucial and considered the determining factor for establishing a diagnosis. Cases of hypereosinophilia without clear reactive etiologies, no evidence of end-organ damage, normal cytogenetics, and no molecular mutations are termed as “Idiopathic Hypereosinophilia (IHE).” For cases which lie between the spectrum of chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL) and IHE, identification of underlying molecular abnormalities might be helpful in better understanding the disease process and prognosis. Here, we report two cases of hypereosinophilia in which five possible novel molecular mutations were identified by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. They were FBXW7, KM2A, TCF3, ERBB4, and MET. With multiple genetic mutations, these cases could be classified as chronic eosinophilic leukemia. Both these young patients responded well to steroid therapy. While targeted NGS is a useful tool in identifying new molecular mutation associated with hypereosinophilia, our cases raise the question of further investigating this entity and if there is a possibility of an intermediate category lying between the spectrum of CEL and IHE. Defining hypereosinophilia with clonal molecular abnormality as a malignant process may need to be revisited. Even though attempts are being made to identify mutations in IHE, it might be more significant clinically to differentiate them based on response to steroid therapy and prognosis.
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13
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López-Menéndez C, Vázquez-Naharro A, Santos V, Dubus P, Santamaría PG, Martínez-Ramírez Á, Portillo F, Moreno-Bueno G, Faraldo MM, Cano A. E2A Modulates Stemness, Metastasis, and Therapeutic Resistance of Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4529-4544. [PMID: 34145034 PMCID: PMC7611611 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are considered responsible for tumor initiation, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis. A comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms governing the acquisition and maintenance of cancer stemness is crucial for the development of new therapeutic approaches in oncology. E2A basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor progression, but knowledge of their functional contributions to cancer biology is still limited. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro analyses in a novel PyMT-E2A conditional knockout mouse model and derived primary tumor cell lines, we report here an essential role of E2A in stemness, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance in breast cancer. Targeted deletion of E2A in the mammary gland impaired tumor-initiating ability and dedifferentiation potential and severely compromised metastatic competence of PyMT-driven mammary tumors. Mechanistic studies in PyMT-derived cell lines indicated that E2A actions are mediated by the upregulation of Snai1 transcription. Importantly, high E2A and SNAIL1 expression occurred in aggressive human basal-like breast carcinomas, highlighting the relevance of the E2A-Snail1 axis in metastatic breast cancer. In addition, E2A factors contributed to the maintenance of genomic integrity and resistance to PARP inhibitors in PyMT and human triple-negative breast cancer cells. Collectively, these results support the potential for E2A transcription factors as novel targets worthy of translational consideration in breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings identify key functions of E2A factors in breast cancer cell stemness, metastasis, and drug resistance, supporting a therapeutic vulnerability to targeting E2A proteins in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia López-Menéndez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Vázquez-Naharro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierre Dubus
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Patricia G Santamaría
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Martínez-Ramírez
- Cytogenetic Unit. MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Spain
- Oncohematology Cytogenetics Lab, Eurofins-Megalab, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Portillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa M Faraldo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université de Paris VI; Paris, France
| | - Amparo Cano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Le BV, Podszywalow-Bartnicka P, Maifrede S, Sullivan-Reed K, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Golovine K, Yao JC, Nejati R, Cai KQ, Caruso LB, Swatler J, Dabrowski M, Lian Z, Valent P, Paietta EM, Levine RL, Fernandez HF, Tallman MS, Litzow MR, Huang J, Challen GA, Link D, Tempera I, Wasik MA, Piwocka K, Skorski T. TGFβR-SMAD3 Signaling Induces Resistance to PARP Inhibitors in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108221. [PMID: 33027668 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethality triggered by PARP inhibitor (PARPi) yields promising therapeutic results. Unfortunately, tumor cells acquire PARPi resistance, which is usually associated with the restoration of homologous recombination, loss of PARP1 expression, and/or loss of DNA double-strand break (DSB) end resection regulation. Here, we identify a constitutive mechanism of resistance to PARPi. We report that the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) facilitates DSB repair activity in leukemia cells to protect them against PARPi-mediated synthetic lethality. This effect depends on the hypoxia-induced overexpression of transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFβR) kinase on malignant cells, which is activated by bone marrow stromal cells-derived transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Genetic and/or pharmacological targeting of the TGF-β1-TGFβR kinase axis results in the restoration of the sensitivity of malignant cells to PARPi in BMM and prolongs the survival of leukemia-bearing mice. Our finding may lead to the therapeutic application of the TGFβR inhibitor in patients receiving PARPis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bac Viet Le
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cytometry, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Silvia Maifrede
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine Sullivan-Reed
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Konstantin Golovine
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juo-Chin Yao
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Reza Nejati
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Beatrice Caruso
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julian Swatler
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cytometry, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dabrowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zhaorui Lian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna and Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth M Paietta
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hugo F Fernandez
- Moffitt Malignant Hematology & Cellular Therapy at Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL, USA
| | - Martin S Tallman
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Litzow
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grant A Challen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Link
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Italo Tempera
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cytometry, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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15
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Lejman M, Włodarczyk M, Zawitkowska J, Kowalczyk JR. Comprehensive chromosomal aberrations in a case of a patient with TCF3-HLF-positive BCP-ALL. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:58. [PMID: 32245383 PMCID: PMC7118981 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-0709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of high-throughput analytical techniques has enabled the description of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) subtypes. The TCF3-HLF translocation is a very rare rearrangement in ALL that is associated with an extremely poor prognosis. The TCF3-HLF fusion gene in the described case resulted in the fusion of the homeobox-related gene of TCF3 to the leucine zipper domain of HLF. The TCF3-HLF fusion gene product acts as a transcriptional factor leading to the dedifferentiation of mature B lymphocytes into an immature state (lymphoid stem cells). This process initiates the formation of pre-leukaemic cells. Due to the rarity of this chromosomal aberration, only a few cases have been described in the literature. The advantage of this work is the presentation of an interesting case of clonal evolution of cancer cells and the cumulative implications (diagnostic and prognostic) of the patient’s genetic alterations. Case presentation This work presents a patient with diagnosed with TCF3-HLF-positive ALL. Moreover, the additional genetic alterations, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of ALL, were detected in this patient: deletion of a fragment from the long arm of chromosome 13 (13q12.2-q21.1) containing the RB1 gene, intragenic deletions within the PAX5 gene and NOTCH1 intragenic duplication. Conclusions A patient with coexistence of chromosomal alterations and the TCF3-HLF fusion has not yet been described. Identifying all these chromosomal aberrations at the time of diagnosis could be sufficient to determine the cumulative effects of the described deletions on the activity of other oncogenes or tumour suppressors, as well as on the clinical course of the disease. On the other hand, complex changes in the patient’s karyotype and clonal evolution of cancer cells call into question the effectiveness of experimental therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lejman
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Antoniego Gębali 6, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Monika Włodarczyk
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Zawitkowska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy R Kowalczyk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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16
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Fujihara H, Nozaki T, Tsutsumi M, Isumi M, Shimoda S, Hamada Y, Masutani M. Spontaneous Development of Dental Dysplasia in Aged Parp-1 Knockout Mice. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101157. [PMID: 31569682 PMCID: PMC6829344 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (Parp)-1 catalyzes polyADP-ribosylation using NAD+ and is involved in the DNA damage response, genome stability, and transcription. In this study, we demonstrated that aged Parp-1-/- mouse incisors showed more frequent dental dysplasia in both ICR/129Sv mixed background and C57BL/6 strain compared to aged Parp-1+/+ incisors, suggesting that Parp-1 deficiency could be involved in development of dental dysplasia at an advanced age. Computed tomography images confirmed that dental dysplasia was observed at significantly higher incidences in Parp-1-/- mice. The relative calcification levels of Parp-1-/- incisors were higher in both enamel and dentin (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed (1) Parp-1 positivity in ameloblasts and odontoblasts in Parp-1+/+ incisor, (2) weaker dentin sialoprotein positivity in dentin of Parp-1-/- incisor, and (3) bone sialoprotein positivity in dentin of Parp-1-/- incisor, suggesting ectopic osteogenic formation in dentin of Parp-1-/- incisor. These results indicate that Parp-1 deficiency promotes odontogenic failure in incisors at an advanced age. Parp-1 deficiency did not affect dentinogenesis during the development of mice, suggesting that Parp-1 is not essential in dentinogenesis during development but is possibly involved in the regulation of continuous dentinogenesis in the incisors at an advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Fujihara
- Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Tadashige Nozaki
- Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University 8-1, Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Tsutsumi
- Department of Pathology, Saiseikai Chuwa Hospital 323 Oaza Abe, Sakurai City, Nara 633-0054, Japan.
| | - Mayu Isumi
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biochemical Science, Nagasaki University 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Shinji Shimoda
- Department of Oral Anatomy-1, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biochemical Science, Nagasaki University 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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17
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Cytotoxicity and Differentiating Effect of the Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Olaparib in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091373. [PMID: 31527467 PMCID: PMC6769925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are highly heterogeneous myeloid diseases, characterized by frequent genetic/chromosomal aberrations. Olaparib is a potent, orally bioavailable poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor with acceptable toxicity profile, designed as targeted therapy for DNA repair defective tumors. Here, we investigated olaparib activity in primary cultures of bone marrow mononuclear cells collected from patients with MDS (n = 28). A single treatment with olaparib induced cytotoxic effects in most samples, with median IC50 of 5.4 µM (2.0–24.8 µM), lower than plasma peak concentration reached in vivo. In addition, olaparib induced DNA damage as shown by a high proportion of γH2AX positive cells in samples with low IC50s. Olaparib preferentially killed myeloid cells causing a significant reduction of blasts and promyelocytes, paralleled by an increase in metamyelocytes and mature granulocytes while sparing lymphocytes that are not part of the MDS clone. Consistently, flow cytometry analysis revealed a decrease of CD117+/CD123+ immature progenitors (p < 0.001) and induction of CD11b+/CD16+ (p < 0.001) and CD10+/CD15+ (p < 0.01) neutrophils. Morphological and immunophenotypic changes were associated with a dose-dependent increase of PU.1 and CEBPA transcription factors, which are drivers of granulocytic and monocytic differentiation. Moreover, the combination of olaparib with decitabine resulted in augmented cytotoxic and differentiating effects. Our data suggest that olaparib may have therapeutic potential in MDS patients.
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Faraoni I, Giansanti M, Voso MT, Lo-Coco F, Graziani G. Targeting ADP-ribosylation by PARP inhibitors in acute myeloid leukaemia and related disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 167:133-148. [PMID: 31028744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation, block in myeloid differentiation and recurrent genetic abnormalities. In the search of new effective therapies, identification of synthetic lethal partners of AML genetic alterations might represent a suitable approach to tailor patient treatment. Genetic mutations directly affecting DNA repair genes are not commonly present in AML. Nevertheless, several studies indicate that AML cells show high levels of DNA lesions and genomic instability. Leukaemia-driving oncogenes (e.g., RUNX1-RUNXT1, PML-RARA, TCF3-HLF, IDH1/2, TET2) or treatment with targeted agents directed against aberrant kinases (e.g., JAK1/2 and FLT3 inhibitors) have been associated with reduced DNA repair gene expression/activity that would render leukaemia blasts selectively sensitive to synthetic lethality induced by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). Thus, specific oncogenic chimeric proteins or gene mutations, rare or typically distinctive of certain leukaemia subtypes, may allow tagging cancer cells for destruction by PARPi. In this review, we will discuss the rationale for using PARPi in AML subtypes characterized by a specific genetic background and summarize the preclinical and clinical evidence reported so far on their activity when used as single agents or in combination with classical cytotoxic chemotherapy or with agents targeting AML-associated mutated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Faraoni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Manuela Giansanti
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Lo-Coco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Unit of Neuro-Oncohematology, Santa Lucia Foundation-I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Faraoni I, Graziani G. Role of BRCA Mutations in Cancer Treatment with Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E487. [PMID: 30518089 PMCID: PMC6316750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity induces synthetic lethality in mutated BRCA1/2 cancers by selectively targeting tumor cells that fail to repair DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Clinical studies have confirmed the validity of the synthetic lethality approach and four different PARP inhibitors (PARPi; olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib and talazoparib) have been approved as monotherapies for BRCA-mutated or platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer and/or for BRCA-mutated HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. PARPi therapeutic efficacy is higher against tumors harboring deleterious germline or somatic BRCA mutations than in BRCA wild-type tumors. BRCA mutations or intrinsic tumor sensitivity to platinum compounds are both regarded as indicators of deficiency in DSB repair by homologous recombination as well as of favorable response to PARPi. However, not all BRCA-mutated or platinum-responsive patients obtain clinical benefit from these agents. Conversely, a certain percentage of patients with wild-type BRCA or platinum-resistant tumors can still get benefit from PARPi. Thus, additional reliable markers need to be validated in clinical trials to select patients potentially eligible for PARPi-based therapies, in the absence of deleterious BRCA mutations or platinum sensitivity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of action of PARPi and the clinical evidence supporting their use as anticancer drugs as well as the additional synthetic lethal partners that might confer sensitivity to PARPi in patients with wild-type BRCA tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Faraoni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rom, Italy.
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rom, Italy.
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The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib induces up-regulation of death receptors in primary acute myeloid leukemia blasts by NF-κB activation. Cancer Lett 2018. [PMID: 29526802 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Olaparib is a potent orally bioavailable poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi), approved for BRCA-mutated ovarian and breast cancers. We recently showed that olaparib at clinically achievable concentrations exerts anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in vitro as monotherapy against primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts, while sparing normal bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic cells. Since AML expresses low levels of death receptors that may contribute to apoptosis resistance, in this study we investigated whether the anti-leukemia activity of olaparib involves modulation of FAS and TRAIL receptors DR5 and DR4. Our data show that the primary AML samples tested express FAS and DR5 transcripts at levels lower than normal BM. In this context, apoptosis triggered by olaparib is associated with a dose-dependent up-regulation of death receptors expression and caspase 8 activation. Olaparib-mediated FAS up-regulation requires NF-κB activation, as indicated by the increase of p65 phosphorylation and decrease of IκBα. Moreover, FAS up-regulation is abrogated by pretreatment of AML cells with two different NF-κB inhibitors. These results indicate that NF-κB activation and consequent induction of death receptor expression contribute to the anti-leukemia effect of olaparib in AML.
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Delia D, Mizutani S. The DNA damage response pathway in normal hematopoiesis and malignancies. Int J Hematol 2017; 106:328-334. [PMID: 28707218 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the DNA damage response (DDR) prevents the replication and propagation of DNA errors to the next generation, thus maintaining genomic stability. At the heart of the DDR are the related signaling kinases ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK, which regulate DNA repair and associated events such as cell cycle checkpoints, chromatin remodeling, transcription, and ultimately apoptosis. Several findings highlight the occurrence of DDR in hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and persistence of DNA lesions in these cells promotes their functional decline and accumulation of leukemogenic mutations. Besides favoring tumor formation and progression, molecular defects that directly or indirectly inactivate certain DDR pathways can provide a therapeutic opportunity, since a reduced ability to repair DNA lesions renders hemopoietic malignancies vulnerable to genotoxic drugs acting also through synthetic lethal interactions. Here, we discuss the essential role of DDR in HSC maintenance and protection against leukemogenesis, and how acquired DDR dysfunctions or pharmacological agents that block this pathway can be effectively exploited for the treatment of various hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Delia
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Shuki Mizutani
- Kawasaki North Center for Childhood Developmental Disorder/Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 5-26-1 Katahira, Aso-ku, Kawasaki, 215-0003, Japan
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Takagi M. DNA damage response and hematological malignancy. Int J Hematol 2017; 106:345-356. [PMID: 28374143 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage is a serious threat to cellular homeostasis. Damaged DNA leads to genomic instability, mutation, senescence, and/or cell death. DNA damage triggers a cellular response called the DNA damage response (DDR), followed by activation of the DNA repair machinery. DDR both maintains cellular homeostasis and prevents cancer development. Germ line mutation of DDR-associated genes can lead to cancer-susceptible syndromes. Somatic mutation of DDR-associated genes has also been reported in various tumors, including hematological malignancies. Therapeutic approaches that target the DDR and DNA repair are thus now being developed. Understanding the mechanism(s) underlying DDR and DNA repair will increase our knowledge of cancer etiology and facilitate development of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
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