1
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Yoon YE, Jung YJ, Lee SJ. A Food Odorant, α-Ionone, Inhibits Skin Cancer Tumorigenesis by Activation of OR10A6. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2400085. [PMID: 39021302 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aims to investigate the anticancer properties of α-ionone in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of OR10A6 together with olfactory receptor signaling components is demonstrated in A431 human SCC cells via RT-PCR and qRT-PCR analysis. OR10A6 activation in A431 cells using the ligand α-ionone inhibits proliferation and migration but induces apoptosis which is confirmed by proliferation assay, colony formation, and western blotting. The mechanism involves the core proteins of the Hippo pathway, where the phosphorylation of large tumor suppressor kinase (LATS), yes-associated protein (YAP), and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is confirmed by western blotting. However, the anticancer effects of α-ionone are abrogated in A431 cells with OR10A6 gene knockdown. In A431 xenograft mouse model, the injection of α-ionone suppresses tumor growth, induces apoptosis, and increases phosphorylation of the LATS-YAP-TAZ signaling axis in the Hippo pathway. None of these effects are observed in xenografted tumors with OR10A6 gene knockdown. CONCLUSION These findings collectively demonstrate that activation of ectopic OR OR10A6 by α-ionone in SCC cells stimulates the Hippo pathway and suppresses tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate school of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02846, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate school of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02846, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joon Lee
- Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02855, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Hesalth, Korea University, Seoul, 02846, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Four Institute of Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, 02846, Republic of Korea
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2
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Zheng W, Yuan H, Fu Y, Deng G, Zheng X, Xu L, Fan H, Jiang W, Yu X. An effective two-stage NMBzA-induced rat esophageal tumor model revealing that the FAT-Hippo-YAP1 axis drives the progression of ESCC. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216813. [PMID: 38499266 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Rat model of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBzA)-induced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is routinely used to study ESCC initiation, progression and new therapeutic strategies. However, the model is time-consuming and malignant tumor incidences are low. Here, we report the usage of multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib as a tumor promoter to establish an efficient two-stage NMBzA-induced rat ESCC carcinogenesis model, resulting in increments of tumor incidences and shortened tumor formation times. By establishing the model and applying whole-genome sequencing, we discover that benign papillomas and malignant ESCCs harbor most of the "driver" events found in rat ESCCs (e.g. recurrent mutations in Ras family, the Hippo and Notch pathways and histone modifier genes) and the mutational landscapes of rat and human ESCCs overlap extensively. We generate tumor cell lines derived from NMBzA-induced papillomas and ESCCs, showing that papilloma cells retain more characteristics of normal epithelial cells than carcinoma cells, especially their exhibitions of normal rat cell karyotypes and inabilities of forming tumors in immunodeficient mice. Three-dimensional (3-D) organoid cultures and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) indicate that, when compared to control- and papilloma-organoids, ESCC-organoids display salient abnormalities at tissue and single-cell levels. Multi-omic analyses indicate that NMBzA-induced rat ESCCs are accompanied by progressive hyperactivations of the FAT-Hippo-YAP1 axis and siRNA or inhibitors of YAP1 block the growth of rat ESCCs. Taken together, these studies provide a framework of using an effective rat ESCC model to investigate multilevel functional genomics of ESCC carcinogenesis, which justify targeting YAP1 as a therapeutic strategy for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuxia Fu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Guodong Deng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xuejing Zheng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xiying Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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3
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Lv H, Liu L, He Y, Yang K, Fu Y, Bao Y. Role of hippo pathway and cuproptosis-related genes in immune infiltration and prognosis of skin cutaneous melanoma. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1344755. [PMID: 38515849 PMCID: PMC10955143 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1344755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer with an increasing incidence. Cuproptosis is the most recently identified copper-dependent form of cell death that relies on mitochondrial respiration. The hippocampal (Hippo) pathway functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating Yes-associated protein/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ) activity. However, its role in cuproptosis remains unknown. In addition, the correlation of cuproptosis-related genes and Hippo pathway-related genes with tumor prognosis warrants further investigation. In the present study, we explored the correlation of cuproptosis-related genes and Hippo pathway-related genes with the prognosis of melanoma through analysis of data from a public database and experimental verification. We found eight Hippo pathway-related genes that were downregulated in melanoma and exhibited predictive value for prognosis. There was a significant positive correlation between cuproptosis-related genes and Hippo pathway-related genes in skin cutaneous melanoma. YAP1 expression was positively correlated with ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) expression in the GSE68599 dataset and A2058 cells. Moreover, YAP1 was positively and negatively correlated with M2 macrophages and regulatory T cell infiltration, respectively. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the prognostic value of Hippo pathway-related genes (particularly YAP1) in melanoma, revealing the correlation between the expression of Hippo pathway-related genes and immune infiltration. Thus, the present findings may provide new clues on the prognostic assessment of patients with melanoma and a new target for the immunotherapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhen Lv
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexi He
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqiu Bao
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Xiao Y, Zhou L, Andl T, Zhang Y. YAP1 controls the N-cadherin-mediated tumor-stroma interaction in melanoma progression. Oncogene 2024; 43:884-898. [PMID: 38308096 PMCID: PMC10942861 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The hallmark of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the switch from epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) to neural cadherin (N-cadherin), allowing melanoma cells to form a homotypic N-cadherin-mediated adhesion with stromal fibroblasts. However, how cadherin switching is initiated, maintained, and regulated in melanoma remains elusive. Here, we report a novel mechanism underlying cadherin switching in melanoma cells that is regulated by stromal Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) signaling. The progression of a BRAF-mutant mouse melanoma was suppressed in vivo upon YAP1 ablation in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). On the contrary, overexpressing YAP1 in CAFs accelerated melanoma development. By RNA-Seq, N-cadherin was identified as a major downstream effector of YAP1 signaling in CAFs. YAP1 silencing reduced N-cadherin expression in CAFs, leading to the downregulation of N-cadherin in neighboring melanoma cells. N-cadherin ablation inhibited the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in melanoma cells and melanoma cell proliferation. The findings suggest that YAP1 depletion in CAFs induces the downregulation of p-AKT signaling in melanoma cells through the N-cadherin-mediated interaction between melanoma cells and CAFs. The data underscore an important role of CAFs in regulating N-cadherin-mediated adhesion and signaling in melanoma and highlight that disentangling cadherin-mediated cell-cell interactions can potentially disrupt tumor-stroma interactions and reverse the tumor cell invasive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Linli Zhou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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5
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Yu W, Li Y, Zhong F, Deng Z, Wu J, Yu W, Lü Y. Disease-Associated Neurotoxic Astrocyte Markers in Alzheimer Disease Based on Integrative Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:20. [PMID: 38345650 PMCID: PMC10861702 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease, and astrocytes play a key role in its onset and progression. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of neurotoxic astrocytes and identify novel molecular targets for slowing down the progression of AD. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) data were analyzed from various AD cohorts comprising about 210,654 cells from 53 brain tissue. By integrating snRNA-seq data with bulk RNA-seq data, crucial astrocyte types and genes associated with the prognosis of patients with AD were identified. The expression of neurotoxic astrocyte markers was validated using 5 × FAD and wild-type (WT) mouse models, combined with experiments such as western blot, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence. A group of neurotoxic astrocytes closely related to AD pathology was identified, which were involved in inflammatory responses and pathways related to neuron survival. Combining snRNA and bulk tissue data, ZEP36L, AEBP1, WWTR1, PHYHD1, DST and RASL12 were identified as toxic astrocyte markers closely related to disease severity, significantly elevated in brain tissues of 5 × FAD mice and primary astrocytes treated with Aβ. Among them, WWTR1 was significantly increased in astrocytes of 5 × FAD mice, driving astrocyte inflammatory responses, and has been identified as an important marker of neurotoxic astrocytes. snRNA-seq analysis reveals the biological functions of neurotoxic astrocytes. Six genes related to AD pathology were identified and validated, among which WWTR1 may be a novel marker of neurotoxic astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhan Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fuxin Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhangjing Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiani Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Institutes of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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6
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Xia L, Shen Y, Liu S, Du J. Iron overload triggering ECM-mediated Hippo/YAP pathway in follicle development: a hypothetical model endowed with therapeutic implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1174817. [PMID: 37223010 PMCID: PMC10200985 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1174817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of iron homeostasis plays a negative role in follicle development. The dynamic changes in follicle growth are dependent on Hippo/YAP signaling and mechanical forces. However, little is known about the liaison between iron overload and the Hippo/YAP signalling pathway in term of folliculogenesis. Here, based on the available evidence, we established a hypothesized model linking excessive iron, extracellular matrix (ECM), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) signal regarding follicle development. Hypothetically, the TGF-β signal and iron overload may play a synergistic role in ECM production via YAP. We speculate that the dynamic homeostasis of follicular iron interacts with YAP, increasing the risk of ovarian reserve loss and may enhance the sensitivity of follicles to accumulated iron. Hence, therapeutic interventions targeting iron metabolism disorders, and Hippo/YAP signal may alter the consequences of the impaired developmental process based on our hypothesis, which provides potential targets and inspiration for further drug discovery and development applied to clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjin Xia
- National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yupei Shen
- National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suying Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Du
- National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Niu X, Zhang L, Wu Y, Zong Z, Wang B, Liu J, Zhang L, Zhou F. Biomolecular condensates: Formation mechanisms, biological functions, and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e223. [PMID: 36875159 PMCID: PMC9974629 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are cellular structures composed of membraneless assemblies comprising proteins or nucleic acids. The formation of these condensates requires components to change from a state of solubility separation from the surrounding environment by undergoing phase transition and condensation. Over the past decade, it has become widely appreciated that biomolecular condensates are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and play a vital role in physiological and pathological processes. These condensates may provide promising targets for the clinic research. Recently, a series of pathological and physiological processes have been found associated with the dysfunction of condensates, and a range of targets and methods have been demonstrated to modulate the formation of these condensates. A more extensive description of biomolecular condensates is urgently needed for the development of novel therapies. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of biomolecular condensates and the molecular mechanisms of their formation. Moreover, we reviewed the functions of condensates and therapeutic targets for diseases. We further highlighted the available regulatory targets and methods, discussed the significance and challenges of targeting these condensates. Reviewing the latest developments in biomolecular condensate research could be essential in translating our current knowledge on the use of condensates for clinical therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Niu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China.,MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First School of Medicine Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Zhi Zong
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Bin Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jisheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science Soochow University Suzhou China
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8
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Bhavnagari H, Raval A, Shah F. Deciphering Potential Role of Hippo Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3505-3518. [PMID: 38141194 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128274418231215054210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and a leading malignancy around the world. It is a vital cause of untimely mortality among women. Drug resistance is the major challenge for effective cancer therapeutics. In contrast, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are one of the reasons for drug resistance, tumor progression, and metastasis. The small population of CSCs present in each tumor has the ability of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity. CSCs are often identified and enriched using a variety of cell surface markers (CD44, CD24, CD133, ABCG2, CD49f, LGR5, SSEA-3, CD70) that exert their functions by different regulatory networks, i.e., Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog (Hh), and Hippo signaling pathways. Particularly the Hippo signaling pathway is the emerging and very less explored cancer stem cell pathway. Here, in this review, the Hippo signaling molecules are elaborated with respect to their ability of stemness as epigenetic modulators and how these molecules can be targeted for better cancer treatment and to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunayna Bhavnagari
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Apexa Raval
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Franky Shah
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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9
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Howard A, Bojko J, Flynn B, Bowen S, Jungwirth U, Walko G. Targeting the Hippo/YAP/TAZ signalling pathway: Novel opportunities for therapeutic interventions into skin cancers. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1477-1499. [PMID: 35913427 PMCID: PMC9804452 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancers are by far the most frequently diagnosed human cancers. The closely related transcriptional co-regulator proteins YAP and TAZ (WWTR1) have emerged as important drivers of tumour initiation, progression and metastasis in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. YAP/TAZ serve as an essential signalling hub by integrating signals from multiple upstream pathways. In this review, we summarize the roles of YAP/TAZ in skin physiology and tumorigenesis and discuss recent efforts of therapeutic interventions that target YAP/TAZ in in both preclinical and clinical settings, as well as their prospects for use as skin cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jodie Bojko
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of BathBathUK
| | | | - Sophie Bowen
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Ute Jungwirth
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of BathBathUK,Centre for Therapeutic InnovationUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Gernot Walko
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of BathBathUK,Centre for Therapeutic InnovationUniversity of BathBathUK
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10
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Role of Yes-Associated Protein in Psoriasis and Skin Tumor Pathogenesis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060978. [PMID: 35743763 PMCID: PMC9225571 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis and skin tumors (such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma) are chronic diseases that endanger physical and mental health, and yet the causes are largely unknown and treatment options limited. The development of targeted drugs requires a better understanding of the exact pathogenesis of these diseases, and Yes-associated protein (YAP), a member of the Hippo signaling pathway, is believed to play an important role. Psoriasis and skin tumors are characterized by excessive cell proliferation, abnormal differentiation, vasodilation, and proliferation. Here, we review the literature related to YAP-associated disease mechanisms and discuss the latest research. YAP regulates cell apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation; inhibits cell density and intercellular contacts and angiogenesis; and maintains the three-dimensional structure of the skin. These mechanisms may be associated with the occurrence and development of psoriasis and skin tumors. The results of recent studies have shown that YAP expression is increased in psoriasis and skin tumors. High expression of YAP in psoriasis and skin tumors may indicate its positive functions in skin inflammation and malignancies and may play an important role in disease pathogenesis. The study of new drugs targeting YAP can provide novel approaches for the treatment of skin diseases.
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11
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Wu Q, Xu X, Miao X, Bao X, Li X, Xiang L, Wang W, Du S, Lu Y, Wang X, Yang D, Zhang J, Shen X, Li F, Lu S, Fan Y, Xu S, Chen Z, Wang Y, Teng H, Huang Z. YAP signaling in horizontal basal cells promotes the regeneration of olfactory epithelium after injury. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:664-677. [PMID: 35148842 PMCID: PMC9039758 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The horizontal basal cells (HBCs) of olfactory epithelium (OE) serve as reservoirs for stem cells during OE regeneration, through proliferation and differentiation, which is important in recovery of olfactory function. However, the molecular mechanism of regulation of HBC proliferation and differentiation after injury remains unclear. Here, we found that yes-associated protein (YAP) was upregulated and activated in HBCs after OE injury. Deletion of YAP in HBCs led to impairment in OE regeneration and functional recovery of olfaction after injury. Mechanically, YAP was activated by S1P/S1PR2 signaling, thereby promoting the proliferation of HBCs and OE regeneration after injury. Finally, activation of YAP signaling enhanced the proliferation of HBCs and improved functional recovery of olfaction after OE injury or in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Taken together, these results reveal an S1P/S1PR2/YAP pathway in OE regeneration in response to injury, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for OE injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xingxing Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xuemeng Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaomei Bao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ludan Xiang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Siyu Du
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiwu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Danlu Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiya Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Fayi Li
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yiren Fan
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shujie Xu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Honglin Teng
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Zhihui Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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12
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Wei KC, Lai SF, Huang WL, Yang KC, Lai PC, Wei WJ, Chang TH, Huang YC, Tsai YC, Lin SC, Lin SJ, Lin SC. An innovative targeted therapy for fluoroscopy-induced chronic radiation dermatitis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:135-146. [PMID: 34689211 PMCID: PMC8724166 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroscopy-induced chronic radiation dermatitis (FICRD) is a complication of fluoroscopy-guided intervention. Unlike acute radiation dermatitis, FICRD is different as delayed onset and usually appears without preexisting acute dermatitis. Unfortunately, the chronic and progressive pathology of FICRD makes it difficult to treat, and some patients need to receive wide excision and reconstruction surgery. Due to lack of standard treatment, investigating underlying mechanism is needed in order to develop an effective therapy. Herein, the Hippo pathway is specifically identified using an RNA-seq analysis in mild damaged skin specimens of patients with FICRD. Furthermore, specific increase of the Yes-associated protein (YAP1), an effector of the Hippo pathway, in skin region with mild damage plays a protective role for keratinocytes via positively regulating the numerous downstream genes involved in different biological processes. Interestingly, irradiated-keratinocytes inhibit activation of fibroblasts under TGF-β1 treatment via remote control by an exosome containing YAP1. More importantly, targeting one of YAP1 downstream genes, nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), which encodes glucocorticoid receptor, has revealed its therapeutic potential to treat FICRD by inhibiting fibroblasts activation in vitro and preventing formation of radiation ulcers in a mouse model and in patients with FICRD. Taken together, this translational research demonstrates the critical role of YAP1 in FICRD and identification of a feasible, effective therapy for patients with FICRD. KEY MESSAGES: • YAP1 overexpression in skin specimens of radiation dermatitis from FICRD patient. • Radiation-induced YAP1 expression plays protective roles by promoting DNA damage repair and inhibiting fibrosis via remote control of exosomal YAP1. • YAP1 positively regulates NR3C1 which encodes glucocorticoid receptor expression. • Targeting glucocorticoid receptor by prednisolone has therapeutic potential for FICRD patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Che Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Applications and Management, Yuhing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Fan Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chung Yang
- Department of Dermatology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chin Lai
- The Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ju Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chen Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chuan Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Chih Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sun-Jang Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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13
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Exploring the dermotoxicity of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol: combined morphologic and proteomic profiling of human epidermal cells reveals alteration of lipid biosynthesis machinery and membrane structural integrity relevant for skin barrier function. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2201-2221. [PMID: 33890134 PMCID: PMC8166681 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin, DON) is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium spp. fungi and it is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins worldwide. Crop infestation results not only in food and feed contamination, but also in direct dermal exposure, especially during harvest and food processing. To investigate the potential dermotoxicity of DON, epidermoid squamous cell carcinoma cells A431 were compared to primary human neonatal keratinocytes (HEKn) cells via proteome/phosphoproteome profiling. In A431 cells, 10 µM DON significantly down-regulated ribosomal proteins, as well as mitochondrial respiratory chain elements (OXPHOS regulation) and transport proteins (TOMM22; TOMM40; TOMM70A). Mitochondrial impairment was reflected in altered metabolic competence, apparently combined with interference of the lipid biosynthesis machinery. Functional effects on the cell membrane were confirmed by live cell imaging and membrane fluidity assays (0.1–10 µM DON). Moreover, a common denominator for both A431 and HEKn cells was a significant downregulation of the squalene synthase (FDFT1). In sum, proteome alterations could be traced back to the transcription factor Klf4, a crucial regulator of skin barrier function. Overall, these results describe decisive molecular events sustaining the capability of DON to impair skin barrier function. Proteome data generated in the study are fully accessible via ProteomeXchange with the accession numbers PXD011474 and PXD013613.
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14
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Liu T, Zhou L, Yang K, Iwasawa K, Kadekaro AL, Takebe T, Andl T, Zhang Y. The β-catenin/YAP signaling axis is a key regulator of melanoma-associated fibroblasts. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:63. [PMID: 31885878 PMCID: PMC6928146 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
β-catenin is a multifunctional protein that plays crucial roles in embryonic development, physiological homeostasis, and a wide variety of human cancers. Previously, we showed that in vivo targeted ablation of β-catenin in melanoma-associated fibroblasts after melanoma formation significantly suppressed tumor growth. However, when the expression of β-catenin was ablated in melanoma-associated fibroblasts before tumor initiation, melanoma development was surprisingly accelerated. How stromal β-catenin deficiency leads to opposite biological effects in melanoma progression is not completely understood. Here, we report that β-catenin is indispensable for the activation of primary human stromal fibroblasts and the mediation of fibroblast-melanoma cell interactions. Using coimmunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays, we identified Yes-associated protein (YAP) as an important β-catenin-interacting partner in stromal fibroblasts. YAP is highly expressed in the nuclei of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in both human and murine melanomas. Mechanistic investigation revealed that YAP nuclear translocation is significantly modulated by Wnt/β-catenin activity in fibroblasts. Blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling in stromal fibroblasts inhibited YAP nuclear translocation. In the absence of YAP, the ability of stromal fibroblasts to remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) was inhibited, which is consistent with the phenotype observed in cells with β-catenin deficiency. Further studies showed that the expression of ECM proteins and enzymes required for remodeling the ECM was suppressed in stromal fibroblasts after YAP ablation. Collectively, our data provide a new paradigm in which the β-catenin-YAP signaling axis regulates the activation and tumor-promoting function of stromal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Linli Zhou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Kentaro Iwasawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039 USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039 USA
| | - Ana Luisa Kadekaro
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039 USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039 USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039 USA
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 Japan
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
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15
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Clara JA, Monge C, Yang Y, Takebe N. Targeting signalling pathways and the immune microenvironment of cancer stem cells - a clinical update. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 17:204-232. [PMID: 31792354 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-019-0293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have important roles in tumour development, relapse and metastasis; the intrinsic self-renewal characteristics and tumorigenic properties of these cells provide them with unique capabilities to resist diverse forms of anticancer therapy, seed recurrent tumours, and disseminate to and colonize distant tissues. The findings of several studies indicate that CSCs originate from non-malignant stem or progenitor cells. Accordingly, inhibition of developmental signalling pathways that are crucial for stem and progenitor cell homeostasis and function, such as the Notch, WNT, Hedgehog and Hippo signalling cascades, continues to be pursued across multiple cancer types as a strategy for targeting the CSCs hypothesized to drive cancer progression - with some success in certain malignancies. In addition, with the renaissance of anticancer immunotherapy, a better understanding of the interplay between CSCs and the tumour immune microenvironment might be the key to unlocking a new era of oncological treatments associated with a reduced propensity for the development of resistance and with enhanced antimetastatic activity, thus ultimately resulting in improved patient outcomes. Herein, we provide an update on the progress to date in the clinical development of therapeutics targeting the Notch, WNT, Hedgehog and Hippo pathways. We also discuss the interactions between CSCs and the immune system, including the potential immunological effects of agents targeting CSC-associated developmental signalling pathways, and provide an overview of the emerging approaches to CSC-targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Clara
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cecilia Monge
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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16
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Liu H, Mei D, Xu P, Wang H, Wang Y. YAP promotes gastric cancer cell survival and migration/invasion via the ERK/endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6752-6758. [PMID: 31807184 PMCID: PMC6876304 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been reported to serve an important role in gastric cancer cell survival and migration. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of present study was to identify the underlying mechanism through which Yap sustains gastric cancer viability and migration. The results of the present study demonstrated that YAP expression was upregulated in gastric cancer MKN-28/74 cells compared with normal gastric GES-1 cells. Functional studies revealed that silencing of YAP inhibited gastric cancer MKN-28/74 cell viability and invasion. Mechanistically, YAP may promote gastric cancer cell survival and migration/invasion by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. In addition, YAP may regulate ER stress by activating the ERK signaling pathway. The results of the present study suggested that YAP may be a tumor promoter in gastric cancer and act through the ERK/ER stress pathway; therefore, YAP may have potential implications for new approaches to gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Dong Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Haisheng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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17
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Kim HB, Myung SJ. Clinical implications of the Hippo-YAP pathway in multiple cancer contexts. BMB Rep 2018; 51:119-125. [PMID: 29366445 PMCID: PMC5882218 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.3.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays prominent and widespread roles in various forms of human carcinogenesis. Specifically, the Yes-associated protein (YAP), a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, can lead to excessive cell proliferation and the inhibition of apoptosis, resulting in tumorigenesis. It was reported that the YAP is strongly elevated in multiple types of human malignancies such as breast, lung, small intestine, colon, and liver cancers. Recent work indicates that, surprisingly, Hippo signaling components' (SAV1, MST1/2, Lats1/2) mutations are virtually absent in human cancer, rendering this signaling an unlikely candidate to explain the vigorous activation of the YAP in most, if not all human tumors and an activated YAP promotes the resistance to RAF-, MAPK/ERK Kinase (MEK)-, and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted inhibitor therapy. The analysis of YAP expressions can facilitate the identification of patients who respond better to an anti-cancer drug treatment comprising RAF-, MEK-, and EGFR-targeted inhibitors. The prominence of YAP for those aspects of cancer biology denotes that these factors are ideal targets for the development of anti-cancer medications. Therefore, our report strongly indicates that the YAP is of potential prognostic utility and druggability in various human cancers. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(3): 119-125].
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Byul Kim
- LG Chem, Department of Life Sciences, R&D Park, Seoul 07796, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul 05505; Department of Gastroenterology and Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
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18
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Miranda MM, Lowry WE. Hip to the Game: YAP/TAZ is required for nonmelanoma skin cancers. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201899921. [PMID: 30037822 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - William E Lowry
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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Debaugnies M, Sánchez-Danés A, Rorive S, Raphaël M, Liagre M, Parent MA, Brisebarre A, Salmon I, Blanpain C. YAP and TAZ are essential for basal and squamous cell carcinoma initiation. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201845809. [PMID: 29875149 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201845809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP and TAZ are key downstream regulators of the Hippo pathway, regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. YAP and TAZ activation has been reported in different cancer types. However, it remains unclear whether they are required for the initiation of major skin malignancies like basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Here, we analyze the expression of YAP and TAZ in these skin cancers and evaluate cancer initiation in knockout mouse models. We show that YAP and TAZ are nuclear and highly expressed in different BCC types in both human and mice. Further, we find that cells with nuclear YAP and TAZ localize to the invasive front in well-differentiated SCC, whereas nuclear YAP is homogeneously expressed in spindle cell carcinoma undergoing EMT We also show that mouse BCC and SCC are enriched for YAP gene signatures. Finally, we find that the conditional deletion of YAP and TAZ in mouse models of BCC and SCC prevents tumor formation. Thus, YAP and TAZ are key determinants of skin cancer initiation, suggesting that targeting the YAP and TAZ signaling pathway might be beneficial for the treatment of skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Debaugnies
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adriana Sánchez-Danés
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Rorive
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, University Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maylis Raphaël
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Liagre
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Astrid Parent
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Brisebarre
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, University Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium .,WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Targeting the Hippo Pathway Is a New Potential Therapeutic Modality for Malignant Mesothelioma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040090. [PMID: 29565815 PMCID: PMC5923345 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) constitutes a very aggressive tumor that arises from the pleural or peritoneal cavities and is highly refractory to conventional therapies. Several key genetic alterations are associated with the development and progression of MM including mutations of the CDKN2A/ARF, NF2, and BAP1 tumor-suppressor genes. Notably, activating oncogene mutations are very rare; thus, it is difficult to develop effective inhibitors to treat MM. The NF2 gene encodes merlin, a protein that regulates multiple cell-signaling cascades including the Hippo pathway. MMs also exhibit inactivation of Hippo pathway components including LATS1/2, strongly suggesting that merlin-Hippo pathway dysregulation plays a key role in the development and progression of MM. Furthermore, Hippo pathway inactivation has been shown to result in constitutive activation of the YAP1/TAZ transcriptional coactivators, thereby conferring malignant phenotypes to mesothelial cells. Critical YAP1/TAZ target genes, including prooncogenic CCDN1 and CTGF, have also been shown to enhance the malignant phenotypes of MM cells. Together, these data indicate the Hippo pathway as a therapeutic target for the treatment of MM, and support the development of new strategies to effectively target the activation status of YAP1/TAZ as a promising therapeutic modality for this formidable disease.
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21
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Epidermal YAP activity drives canonical WNT16/β-catenin signaling to promote keratinocyte proliferation in vitro and in the murine skin. Stem Cell Res 2018; 29:15-23. [PMID: 29562208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin constantly self-renews throughout adult life. Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a key role in promoting keratinocyte proliferation in the hair follicles and in the interfollicular epidermis. A recent report demonstrated that epidermal YAP activity drives β-catenin activation to promote keratinocyte proliferation in the murine skin. However, it remains unclear whether this is caused by paracrine activation of canonical Wnt signaling or through other YAP/β-catenin regulatory interactions. In the present study, we found that XAV939-inhibition of canonical WNT signaling in skin of YAP2-5SA-ΔC mice resulted in diminished β-catenin activation, reduced keratinocyte proliferation, and a mitigation of the hyperplastic abnormalities in the interfollicular epidermis, signifying a canonical WNT ligand-dependent mechanism. Our subsequent analyses determined that WNT16 is produced in response to YAP activity in keratinocytes both in vitro and in vivo, and that WNT16 drives HaCaT keratinocyte proliferation via canonical WNT16/β-catenin signaling. We conclude that under normal physiological conditions WNT16 is the paracrine WNT ligand secreted in response to epidermal YAP activity that promotes cell proliferation in the interfollicular epidermis. This study delineates a fundamental YAP-driven mechanism that controls normal skin regeneration, and that may be perturbed in human regenerative disease displaying increased YAP and WNT signaling activity.
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22
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Andl T, Zhang Y. Reaping Wnt after calming Hippo: Wnt and Hippo signaling cross paths in lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:4174-4179. [PMID: 29268463 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.10.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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23
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Shen S, Huang K, Wu Y, Ma Y, Wang J, Qin F, Ma J. A miR-135b-TAZ positive feedback loop promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumorigenesis in osteosarcoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 407:32-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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