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Peng L, Chen JW, Chen YZ, Zhang C, Shen SH, Liu MZ, Fan Y, Yang SQ, Zhang XZ, Wang W, Gao XS, Di XP, Ma YC, Zeng X, Shen H, Jin X, Luo DY. UPK3A + umbrella cell damage mediated by TLR3-NR2F6 triggers programmed destruction of urothelium in Hunner-type interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. J Pathol 2024; 263:203-216. [PMID: 38551071 DOI: 10.1002/path.6275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Urothelial damage and barrier dysfunction emerge as the foremost mechanisms in Hunner-type interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (HIC). Although treatments aimed at urothelial regeneration and repair have been employed, their therapeutic effectiveness remains limited due to the inadequate understanding of specific cell types involved in damage and the lack of specific molecular targets within these mechanisms. Therefore, we harnessed single-cell RNA sequencing to elucidate the heterogeneity and developmental trajectory of urothelial cells within HIC bladders. Through reclustering, we identified eight distinct clusters of urothelial cells. There was a significant reduction in UPK3A+ umbrella cells and a simultaneous increase in progenitor-like pluripotent cells (PPCs) within the HIC bladder. Pseudotime analysis of the urothelial cells in the HIC bladder revealed that cells faced challenges in differentiating into UPK3A+ umbrella cells, while PPCs exhibited substantial proliferation to compensate for the loss of UPK3A+ umbrella cells. The urothelium in HIC remains unrepaired, despite the substantial proliferation of PPCs. Thus, we propose that inhibiting the pivotal signaling pathways responsible for the injury to UPK3A+ umbrella cells is paramount for restoring the urothelial barrier and alleviating lower urinary tract symptoms in HIC patients. Subsequently, we identified key molecular pathways (TLR3 and NR2F6) associated with the injury of UPK3A+ umbrella cells in HIC urothelium. Finally, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to confirm the potential of the TLR3-NR2F6 axis as a promising therapeutic target for HIC. These findings hold the potential to inhibit urothelial injury, providing promising clues for early diagnosis and functional bladder self-repair strategies for HIC patients. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Peng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jia-Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuan-Zhuo Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Si-Hong Shen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Meng-Zhu Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shi-Qin Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Shuai Gao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xing-Peng Di
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu-Cheng Ma
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiao Zeng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - De-Yi Luo
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Pelvic Floor Diseases Center, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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Wu W, Chen L, Jia G, Tang Q, Han B, Xia S, Jiang Q, Liu H. Inhibition of FGFR3 upregulates MHC-I and PD-L1 via TLR3/NF-kB pathway in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:15676-15690. [PMID: 37283287 PMCID: PMC10417096 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the potency of immune response is paramount among issues concerning immunotherapy of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). METHODS On the basis of immune subtypes, we investigated possible molecular mechanisms involved in tumor immune escape in MIBC. According to the 312 immune-related genes, three MIBC immune subtypes were clustered. RESULTS Cluster 2 subtype is characterized by FGFR3 mutations and has a better clinical prognosis. However, the expression levels of MHC-I and immune checkpoints genes were the lowest, indicating that this subtype is subject to immune escape and has a low response rate to immunotherapy. Bioinformatics analysis and immunofluorescence staining of clinical samples revealed that the FGFR3 is involved in the immune escape in MIBC. Besides, after FGFR3 knockout with siRNA in RT112 and UMUC14 cells, the TLR3/NF-kB pathway was significantly activated and was accompanied by upregulation of MHC-I and PD-L1 gene expression. Furthermore, the use of TLR3 agonists poly(I:C) can further improve the effect. CONCLUSION Together, our results suggest that FGFR3 might involve in immunosuppression by inhibition of NF-kB pathway in BC. Considering that TLR3 agonists are currently approved for clinical treatment as immunoadjuvants, our study might provide more insights for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy in MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- WenBo Wu
- Department of UrologyShanghai General HospitalShanghaiChina
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of UrologyShanghai General HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - GaoZhen Jia
- Department of UrologyShanghai General HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - QiLin Tang
- Department of UrologyShanghai General HospitalShanghaiChina
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - BangMin Han
- Department of UrologyShanghai General HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - ShuJie Xia
- Department of UrologyShanghai General HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of UrologyShanghai General HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - HaiTao Liu
- Department of UrologyShanghai General HospitalShanghaiChina
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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3
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Sosa Cuevas E, Saas P, Aspord C. Dendritic Cell Subsets in Melanoma: Pathophysiology, Clinical Prognosis and Therapeutic Exploitation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082206. [PMID: 37190135 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion from immunity is a hallmark of cancer development. Dendritic cells (DCs) are strategic immune cells shaping anti-tumor immune responses, but tumor cells exploit DC versatility to subvert their functions. Unveiling the puzzling role of DCs in the control of tumor development and mechanisms of tumor-induced DC hijacking is critical to optimize current therapies and to design future efficient immunotherapies for melanoma. Dendritic cells, crucially positioned at the center of anti-tumor immunity, represent attractive targets to develop new therapeutic approaches. Harnessing the potencies of each DC subset to trigger appropriate immune responses while avoiding their subversion is a challenging yet promising step to achieve tumor immune control. This review focuses on advances regarding the diversity of DC subsets, their pathophysiology and impact on clinical outcome in melanoma patients. We provide insights into the regulation mechanisms of DCs by the tumor, and overview DC-based therapeutic developments for melanoma. Further insights into DCs' diversity, features, networking, regulation and shaping by the tumor microenvironment will allow designing novel effective cancer therapies. The DCs deserve to be positioned in the current melanoma immunotherapeutic landscape. Recent discoveries strongly motivate exploitation of the exceptional potential of DCs to drive robust anti-tumor immunity, offering promising tracks for clinical successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Sosa Cuevas
- EFS AuRA, R&D Laboratory, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling and Cancer, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- EFS AuRA, R&D Laboratory, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling and Cancer, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- EFS AuRA, R&D Laboratory, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling and Cancer, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Dendritic Cells: The Long and Evolving Road towards Successful Targetability in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193028. [PMID: 36230990 PMCID: PMC9563837 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a unique myeloid cell lineage that play a central role in the priming of the adaptive immune response. As such, they are an attractive target for immune oncology based therapeutic approaches. However, targeting these cells has proven challenging with many studies proving inconclusive or of no benefit in a clinical trial setting. In this review, we highlight the known and unknown about this rare but powerful immune cell. As technologies have expanded our understanding of the complexity of DC development, subsets and response features, we are now left to apply this knowledge to the design of new therapeutic strategies in cancer. We propose that utilization of these technologies through a multiomics approach will allow for an improved directed targeting of DCs in a clinical trial setting. In addition, the DC research community should consider a consensus on subset nomenclature to distinguish new subsets from functional or phenotypic changes in response to their environment.
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Duan T, Du Y, Xing C, Wang HY, Wang RF. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity. Front Immunol 2022. [PMID: 35309296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by filling the gap between the initial recognition of pathogens by innate immune cells and the activation of the adaptive immune response. TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies also have shown that TLR signaling can directly regulate the T cell activation, growth, differentiation, development, and function under diverse physiological conditions. This review provides an overview of TLR signaling pathways and their regulators and discusses how TLR signaling, directly and indirectly, regulates cell-mediated immunity. In addition, we also discuss how TLR signaling is critically important in the host's defense against infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Duan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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6
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Duan T, Du Y, Xing C, Wang HY, Wang RF. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812774. [PMID: 35309296 PMCID: PMC8927970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by filling the gap between the initial recognition of pathogens by innate immune cells and the activation of the adaptive immune response. TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies also have shown that TLR signaling can directly regulate the T cell activation, growth, differentiation, development, and function under diverse physiological conditions. This review provides an overview of TLR signaling pathways and their regulators and discusses how TLR signaling, directly and indirectly, regulates cell-mediated immunity. In addition, we also discuss how TLR signaling is critically important in the host's defense against infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Duan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen Y. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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7
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Singh A, Devkar R, Basu A. Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88-Cyclin D1 Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells Regulates Toll-Like Receptor 3-Mediated Cell Proliferation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1780. [PMID: 33072559 PMCID: PMC7531238 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated apoptotic changes in cancer cells are well-documented, and hence, several synthetic ligands of TLR3 are being used for adjuvant therapy, but there are reports showing a contradictory effect of TLR3 signaling, which include our previous report that had shown cell proliferation following surface localization of TLR 3. However, the underlying mechanism of cell surface localization of TLR3 and subsequent cell proliferation lacks clarity. This study addresses the TLR3 ligand-mediated signaling cascade that regulates a proliferative effect in breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and T47D) challenged with TLR3 ligand in the presence of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) inhibitor. Evidences were obtained using immunoblotting, coimmunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, immunocytochemistry, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Results had revealed that TLR3 ligand treatment significantly enhanced breast cancer cell proliferation marked by an upregulated expression of cyclinD1, but the same was suppressed by the addition of MyD88 inhibitor. Also, expression of interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1)-TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) was altered in the given TLR3-signaling pathway. Inhibition of MyD88 disrupted the downstream adaptor complex and mediated signaling through the TLR3-MyD88-NF-κB (p65)-IL-6-cyclin D1 pathway. TLR3-mediated alternative signaling of the TLR3-MyD88-IRAK1-TRAF6-TAK1-TAB1-NF-κB axis leads to upregulation of IL6 and cyclin D1. This response is hypothesized to be via the MyD88 gateway that culminates in the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Overall, this study provides first comprehensive evidence on the involvement of canonical signaling of TLR3 using MyD88-cyclin D1-mediated breast cancer cell proliferation. The findings elucidated herein will provide valuable insights into understanding the TLR3-mediated adjuvant therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Singh
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, India
| | - Ranjitsinh Devkar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Anupam Basu
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, India
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Le Naour J, Galluzzi L, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Vacchelli E. Trial watch: TLR3 agonists in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1771143. [PMID: 32934877 PMCID: PMC7466857 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1771143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a pattern recognition receptor that senses exogenous (viral) as well as endogenous (mammalian) double-stranded RNA in endosomes. On activation, TLR3 initiates a signal transduction pathway that culminates with the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including type I interferon (IFN). The latter is essential not only for innate immune responses to infection but also for the initiation of antigen-specific immunity against viruses and malignant cells. These aspects of TLR3 biology have supported the development of various agonists for use as stand-alone agents or combined with other therapeutic modalities in cancer patients. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical advances in the development of TLR3 agonists for oncological disorders. Abbreviations cDC, conventional dendritic cell; CMT, cytokine modulating treatment; CRC, colorectal carcinoma; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; DC, dendritic cell; dsRNA, double-stranded RNA; FLT3LG, fms-related receptor tyrosine kinase 3 ligand; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; ISV, in situ vaccine; MUC1, mucin 1, cell surface associated; PD-1, programmed cell death 1; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; polyA:U, polyadenylic:polyuridylic acid; polyI:C, polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid; TLR, Toll-like receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Naour
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université De Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Université De Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, INSERM, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université De Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université De Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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9
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The TLR3 Agonist Poly Inosinic:Cytidylic Acid Significantly Augments the Therapeutic Activity of an Anti-CD7 Immunotoxin for Human T-cell Leukaemia. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7010013. [PMID: 30781517 PMCID: PMC6466153 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) cooperates with immunotoxin (IT)-mediated killing of human leukaemia cells in an severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse model of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (SCID-HSB-2 mice), but not in an equivalent non-obese diabetic (NOD)/SCID mouse model. In these earlier studies, we reasoned that diminished ADCC due to the functional deficit in natural killer (NK) cell activity in NOD/SCID mice resulted in a failure of effective perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity necessary for the delivery of the augmentative effect. Poly-inosinic-cytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] is a synthetic dsRNA toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist that possesses a number of biological properties that includes the in vivo activation of NK cells. We show here that intravenous (i.v.) injection of SCID mice with [poly (I:C)] results in characteristic time-related changes in serum interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-12, and interferon γ (INFγ) cytokine levels that are consistent with TLR3 driven activation of SCID mouse NK cells. Concomitantly, there are changes in the expression levels of CD2, CD16/32 (FcγRII/RIII), CD161 (NK1.1), and F4/80 in the bulk splenocyte population. These observed changes correlate with an increase in the in vitro lytic capabilities of putative NK cells from within the splenocyte population of [poly (I:C)] treated SCID mice. We demonstrate that the in vivo activation of NK cells with [poly (I:C)] in SCID mice bearing disseminated human T-cell leukaemia xenografts resulted in a significant improvement in the therapeutic activity exerted by an intact murine monoclonal antibody against human CD7. This was also seen for a saporin-based immunotoxin constructed with the same intact antibody (HB2-SAPORIN), but not with an F(ab’)2 derivative of the same antibody or of an IT constructed with the same F(ab’)2 HB2 antibody derivative. This study further demonstrates the previously reported reinforcing role of ADCC for the therapeutic activity of IT in an SCID mouse model of human T-ALL and the potential to significantly boost this further with [poly (I:C)]. Our study provides the rationale to justify the exploration of the clinical utility of IT based therapeutics in combination with TLR3 agonists, such as [poly (I:C)], for the treatment of haematological, and possibly other, malignancies.
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