1
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Chang C, Chavarro VS, Gerstl JVE, Blitz SE, Spanehl L, Dubinski D, Valdes PA, Tran LN, Gupta S, Esposito L, Mazzetti D, Gessler FA, Arnaout O, Smith TR, Friedman GK, Peruzzi P, Bernstock JD. Recurrent Glioblastoma-Molecular Underpinnings and Evolving Treatment Paradigms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6733. [PMID: 38928445 PMCID: PMC11203521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal central nervous system malignancy with a median survival after progression of only 6-9 months. Major biochemical mechanisms implicated in glioblastoma recurrence include aberrant molecular pathways, a recurrence-inducing tumor microenvironment, and epigenetic modifications. Contemporary standard-of-care (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and tumor treating fields) helps to control the primary tumor but rarely prevents relapse. Cytoreductive treatment such as surgery has shown benefits in recurrent glioblastoma; however, its use remains controversial. Several innovative treatments are emerging for recurrent glioblastoma, including checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, nanoparticle delivery, laser interstitial thermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy. This review seeks to provide readers with an overview of (1) recent discoveries in the molecular basis of recurrence; (2) the role of surgery in treating recurrence; and (3) novel treatment paradigms emerging for recurrent glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chang
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Velina S. Chavarro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Jakob V. E. Gerstl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Sarah E. Blitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lennard Spanehl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (D.D.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Daniel Dubinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (D.D.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Pablo A. Valdes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Lily N. Tran
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Saksham Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luisa Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unicamillus University, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Debora Mazzetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Florian A. Gessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (D.D.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Omar Arnaout
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy R. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Division of Pediatrics, Neuro-Oncology Section, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Pierpaolo Peruzzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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2
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Heussner RT, Whalen RM, Anderson A, Theison H, Baik J, Gibbs S, Wong MH, Chang YH. Quantitative image analysis pipeline for detecting circulating hybrid cells in immunofluorescence images with human-level accuracy. Cytometry A 2024; 105:345-355. [PMID: 38385578 PMCID: PMC11217923 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Circulating hybrid cells (CHCs) are a newly discovered, tumor-derived cell population found in the peripheral blood of cancer patients and are thought to contribute to tumor metastasis. However, identifying CHCs by immunofluorescence (IF) imaging of patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is a time-consuming and subjective process that currently relies on manual annotation by laboratory technicians. Additionally, while IF is relatively easy to apply to tissue sections, its application to PBMC smears presents challenges due to the presence of biological and technical artifacts. To address these challenges, we present a robust image analysis pipeline to automate the detection and analysis of CHCs in IF images. The pipeline incorporates quality control to optimize specimen preparation protocols and remove unwanted artifacts, leverages a β-variational autoencoder (VAE) to learn meaningful latent representations of single-cell images, and employs a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to achieve human-level CHC detection. We created a rigorously labeled IF CHC data set including nine patients and two disease sites with the assistance of 10 annotators to evaluate the pipeline. We examined annotator variation and bias in CHC detection and provided guidelines to optimize the accuracy of CHC annotation. We found that all annotators agreed on CHC identification for only 65% of the cells in the data set and had a tendency to underestimate CHC counts for regions of interest (ROIs) containing relatively large amounts of cells (>50,000) when using the conventional enumeration method. On the other hand, our proposed approach is unbiased to ROI size. The SVM classifier trained on the β-VAE embeddings achieved an F1 score of 0.80, matching the average performance of human annotators. Our pipeline enables researchers to explore the role of CHCs in cancer progression and assess their potential as a clinical biomarker for metastasis. Further, we demonstrate that the pipeline can identify discrete cellular phenotypes among PBMCs, highlighting its utility beyond CHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Heussner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Riley M. Whalen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ashley Anderson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Heather Theison
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph Baik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Summer Gibbs
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Melissa H. Wong
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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3
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Long X, Zhang Z, Li Y, Deng K, Gao W, Huang M, Wang X, Lin X, She X, Zhao Y, Zhang M, Huang C, Wang S, Du Y, Du P, Chen S, Liu Q, Wu M. ScRNA-seq reveals novel immune-suppressive T cells and investigates CMV-TCR-T cells cytotoxicity against GBM. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008967. [PMID: 38688579 PMCID: PMC11086384 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-008967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal primary brain malignancy in adults. Previous studies have shown that cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a risk factor for tumorigenesis and aggressiveness for glioblastoma. However, little is known about how CMV infection affects immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of GBM. Furthermore, there has been almost no engineered T-cell receptor (TCR)-T targeting CMV for GBM research to date. METHODS We evaluated the CMV infection status of patients with GBM's tumor tissue by immune electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and droplet digital PCR. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing for CMV-infected GBM to investigate the effects of CMV on the GBM immune microenvironment. CellChat was applied to analyze the interaction between cells in the GBM tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we conducted single-cell TCR/B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing and Grouping of Lymphocyte Interactions with Paratope Hotspots 2 algorithms to acquire specific CMV-TCR sequences. Genetic engineering was used to introduce CMV-TCR into primary T cells derived from patients with CMV-infected GBM. Flow cytometry was used to measure the proportion and cytotoxicity status of T cells in vitro. RESULTS We identified two novel immune cell subpopulations in CMV-infected GBM, which were bipositive CD68+SOX2+ tumor-associated macrophages and FXYD6+ T cells. We highlighted that the interaction between bipositive TAMs or cancer cells and T cells was predominantly focused on FXYD6+ T cells rather than regulatory T cells (Tregs), whereas, FXYD6+ T cells were further identified as a group of novel immunosuppressive T cells. CMV-TCR-T cells showed significant therapeutic effects on the human-derived orthotopic GBM mice model. CONCLUSIONS These findings provided an insight into the underlying mechanism of CMV infection promoting the GBM immunosuppression, and provided a novel potential immunotherapy strategy for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Long
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- FuRong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zuping Zhang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuzhe Li
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Deng
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- FuRong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- FuRong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling She
- Department of Pathology in Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minfu Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- FuRong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- FuRong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yinfei Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- FuRong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- FuRong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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4
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Patel RK, Parappilly M, Rahman S, Schwantes IR, Sewell M, Giske NR, Whalen RM, Durmus NG, Wong MH. The Hallmarks of Circulating Hybrid Cells. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:467-485. [PMID: 37996690 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
While tumor metastases represent the primary driver of cancer-related mortality, our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie metastatic initiation and progression remains incomplete. Recent work identified a novel tumor-macrophage hybrid cell population, generated through the fusion between neoplastic and immune cells. These hybrid cells are detected in primary tumor tissue, peripheral blood, and in metastatic sites. In-depth analyses of hybrid cell biology indicate that they can exploit phenotypic properties of both parental tumor and immune cells, in order to intravasate into circulation, evade the immune response, and seed tumors at distant sites. Thus, it has become increasingly evident that the development and dissemination of tumor-immune hybrid cells play an intricate and fundamental role in the metastatic cascade and can provide invaluable information regarding tumor characteristics and patient prognostication. In this chapter, we review the current understanding of this novel hybrid cell population, the specific hallmarks of cancer that these cells exploit to promote cancer progression and metastasis, and discuss exciting new frontiers that remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranish K Patel
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael Parappilly
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shahrose Rahman
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Issac R Schwantes
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marisa Sewell
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nicole R Giske
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Riley M Whalen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Naside Gozde Durmus
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Melissa H Wong
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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5
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Heussner RT, Whalen RM, Anderson A, Theison H, Baik J, Gibbs S, Wong MH, Chang YH. Quantitative image analysis pipeline for detecting circulating hybrid cells in immunofluorescence images with human-level accuracy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.24.554733. [PMID: 37662330 PMCID: PMC10473764 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Circulating hybrid cells (CHCs) are a newly discovered, tumor-derived cell population identified in the peripheral blood of cancer patients and are thought to contribute to tumor metastasis. However, identifying CHCs by immunofluorescence (IF) imaging of patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is a time-consuming and subjective process that currently relies on manual annotation by laboratory technicians. Additionally, while IF is relatively easy to apply to tissue sections, its application on PBMC smears presents challenges due to the presence of biological and technical artifacts. To address these challenges, we present a robust image analysis pipeline to automate the detection and analyses of CHCs in IF images. The pipeline incorporates quality control to optimize specimen preparation protocols and remove unwanted artifacts, leverages a β-variational autoencoder (VAE) to learn meaningful latent representations of single-cell images and employs a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to achieve human-level CHC detection. We created a rigorously labeled IF CHC dataset including 9 patients and 2 disease sites with the assistance of 10 annotators to evaluate the pipeline. We examined annotator variation and bias in CHC detection and then provided guidelines to optimize the accuracy of CHC annotation. We found that all annotators agreed on CHC identification for only 65% of the cells in the dataset and had a tendency to underestimate CHC counts for regions of interest (ROI) containing relatively large amounts of cells (>50,000) when using conventional enumeration methods. On the other hand, our proposed approach is unbiased to ROI size. The SVM classifier trained on the β-VAE encodings achieved an F1 score of 0.80, matching the average performance of annotators. Our pipeline enables researchers to explore the role of CHCs in cancer progression and assess their potential as a clinical biomarker for metastasis. Further, we demonstrate that the pipeline can identify discrete cellular phenotypes among PBMCs, highlighting its utility beyond CHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Heussner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Riley M. Whalen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Ashley Anderson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Heather Theison
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Joseph Baik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Summer Gibbs
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Melissa H. Wong
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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TRIM56 acts through the IQGAP1-CDC42 signaling axis to promote glioma cell migration and invasion. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:178. [PMID: 36870986 PMCID: PMC9985612 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse invasion is an important factor leading to treatment resistance and a poor prognosis in gliomas. Herein, we found that expression of the tripartite motif containing 56 (TRIM56), a RING-finger domain containing E3 ubiquitin ligase, was markedly higher in glioma than in normal brain tissue, and was significantly correlated with malignant phenotypes and a poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experimental studies revealed that TRIM56 promoted the migration and invasion of glioma cells. Mechanistically, TRIM56 was transcriptionally regulated by SP1 and promoted the K48-K63-linked poly-ubiquitination transition of IQGAP1 at Lys-1230 by interacting with it, which in turn promoted CDC42 activation. This mechanism was confirmed to mediate glioma migration and invasion. In conclusion, our study provides insights into the mechanisms through which TRIM56 promotes glioma motility, i.e., by regulating IQGAP1 ubiquitination to promote CDC42 activation, which might be clinically targeted for the treatment of glioma.
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7
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Sturgess V, Azubuike UF, Tanner K. Vascular regulation of disseminated tumor cells during metastatic spread. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011310. [PMID: 38510161 PMCID: PMC10903479 DOI: 10.1063/5.0106675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells can travel to other organs via interconnected vascular systems to form new lesions in a process known as metastatic spread. Unfortunately, metastasis remains the leading cause of patient lethality. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that physical cues are just as important as chemical and genetic perturbations in driving changes in gene expression, cell motility, and survival. In this concise review, we focus on the physical cues that cancer cells experience as they migrate through the lymphatic and blood vascular networks. We also present an overview of steps that may facilitate organ specific metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sturgess
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 2132, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Udochi F. Azubuike
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 2132, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 2132, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
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8
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From the Catastrophic Objective Irreproducibility of Cancer Research and Unavoidable Failures of Molecular Targeted Therapies to the Sparkling Hope of Supramolecular Targeted Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032796. [PMID: 36769134 PMCID: PMC9917659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented non-reproducibility of the results published in the field of cancer research has recently come under the spotlight. In this short review, we try to highlight some general principles in the organization and evolution of cancerous tumors, which objectively lead to their enormous variability and, consequently, the irreproducibility of the results of their investigation. This heterogeneity is also extremely unfavorable for the effective use of molecularly targeted medicine. Against the seemingly comprehensive background of this heterogeneity, we single out two supramolecular characteristics common to all tumors: the clustered nature of tumor interactions with their microenvironment and the formation of biomolecular condensates with tumor-specific distinctive features. We suggest that these features can form the basis of strategies for tumor-specific supramolecular targeted therapies.
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9
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Microglia and Brain Macrophages as Drivers of Glioma Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415612. [PMID: 36555253 PMCID: PMC9779147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that the tumour microenvironment (TME) has a key role in the progression of gliomas. Non-neoplastic cells in addition to the tumour cells are therefore finding increasing attention. Microglia and other glioma-associated macrophages are at the centre of this interest especially in the context of therapeutic considerations. New ideas have emerged regarding the role of microglia and, more recently, blood-derived brain macrophages in glioblastoma (GBM) progression. We are now beginning to understand the mechanisms that allow malignant glioma cells to weaken microglia and brain macrophage defence mechanisms. Surface molecules and cytokines have a prominent role in microglia/macrophage-glioma cell interactions, and we discuss them in detail. The involvement of exosomes and microRNAs forms another focus of this review. In addition, certain microglia and glioma cell pathways deserve special attention. These "synergistic" (we suggest calling them "Janus") pathways are active in both glioma cells and microglia/macrophages where they act in concert supporting malignant glioma progression. Examples include CCN4 (WISP1)/Integrin α6β1/Akt and CHI3L1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR. They represent attractive therapeutic targets.
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10
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Xu C, Xiao M, Li X, Xin L, Song J, Zhan Q, Wang C, Zhang Q, Yuan X, Tan Y, Fang C. Origin, activation, and targeted therapy of glioma-associated macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974996. [PMID: 36275720 PMCID: PMC9582955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The glioma tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the development, occurrence, and treatment of gliomas. Glioma-associated macrophages (GAMs) are the most widely infiltrated immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and one of the major cell populations that exert immune functions. GAMs typically originate from two cell types-brain-resident microglia (BRM) and bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMDM), depending on a variety of cytokines for recruitment and activation. GAMs mainly contain two functionally and morphologically distinct activation types- classically activated M1 macrophages (antitumor/immunostimulatory) and alternatively activated M2 macrophages (protumor/immunosuppressive). GAMs have been shown to affect multiple biological functions of gliomas, including promoting tumor growth and invasion, angiogenesis, energy metabolism, and treatment resistance. Both M1 and M2 macrophages are highly plastic and can polarize or interconvert under various malignant conditions. As the relationship between GAMs and gliomas has become more apparent, GAMs have long been one of the promising targets for glioma therapy, and many studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of this target. Here, we review the origin and activation of GAMs in gliomas, how they regulate tumor development and response to therapies, and current glioma therapeutic strategies targeting GAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
| | - Menglin Xiao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Hebei University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Lei Xin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
| | - Jia Song
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
- Hebei University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Qi Zhan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changsheng Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
| | - Qisong Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoye Yuan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
- Hebei University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanli Tan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
- Hebei University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Chuan Fang, ; Yanli Tan,
| | - Chuan Fang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Chuan Fang, ; Yanli Tan,
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Yuan Y, Wang L, Zhao X, Wang J, Zhang M, Ma Q, Wei S, Yan Z, Cheng Y, Chen X, Zou H, Ge J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Cui Y, Luo T, Bian X. The E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 acts through the N-Myc-DLL1-NOTCH1 signaling axis to suppress glioblastoma progression. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:868-886. [PMID: 35848447 PMCID: PMC9456703 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidation of the post-transcriptional modification has led to novel strategies to treat intractable tumors, especially glioblastoma (GBM). The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) mediates a reversible, stringent and stepwise post-translational modification which is closely associated with malignant processes of GBM. To this end, developing novel therapeutic approaches to target the UPS may contribute to the treatment of this disease. This study aimed to screen the vital and aberrantly regulated component of the UPS in GBM. Based on the molecular identification, functional characterization, and mechanism investigation, we sought to elaborate a novel therapeutic strategy to target this vital factor to combat GBM. METHODS We combined glioma datasets and human patient samples to screen and identify aberrantly regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase. Multidimensional database analysis and molecular and functional experiments in vivo and in vitro were used to evaluate the roles of HECT, UBA and WWE domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (HUWE1) in GBM. dCas9 synergistic activation mediator system and recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) were used to endogenously overexpress full-length HUWE1 in vitro and in glioma orthotopic xenografts. RESULTS Low expression of HUWE1 was closely associated with worse prognosis of GBM patients. The ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of N-Myc mediated by HUWE1, leading to the inactivation of downstream Delta-like 1 (DLL1)-NOTCH1 signaling pathways, inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. A rAAV dual-vector system for packaging and delivery of dCas9-VP64 was used to augment endogenous HUWE1 expression in vivo and showed an antitumor activity in glioma orthotopic xenografts. CONCLUSIONS The E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 acts through the N-Myc-DLL1-NOTCH1 signaling axis to suppress GBM progression. Antitumor activity of rAAV dual-vector delivering dCas9-HUWE1 system uncovers a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Li‐Hong Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Xian‐Xian Zhao
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Meng‐Si Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Hua Ma
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Sen Wei
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Ze‐Xuan Yan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Qing Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Bo Zou
- Department of Oncologythe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing401120P. R. China
| | - Jia Ge
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - You‐Hong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Tao Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Xiu‐Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038P. R. China
- Bio‐Bank of Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038P. R. China
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Chen Q, Zou J, He Y, Pan Y, Yang G, Zhao H, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Wang A, Chen W, Lu Y. A narrative review of circulating tumor cells clusters: A key morphology of cancer cells in circulation promote hematogenous metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:944487. [PMID: 36059616 PMCID: PMC9434215 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.944487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that survive in the blood are playing an important role in the metastasis process of tumor. In addition, they have become a tool for tumor diagnosis, prognosis and recurrence monitoring. CTCs can exist in the blood as individual cells or as clumps of aggregated cells. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that clustered CTCs have stronger metastasis ability compared to single CTCs. With the deepening of studies, scholars have found that cancer cells can combine not only with each other, but also with non-tumor cells present in the blood, such as neutrophils, platelets, etc. At the same time, it was confirmed that non-tumor cells bound to CTCs maintain the survival and proliferation of cancer cells through a variety of ways, thus promoting the occurrence and development of tumor. In this review, we collected information on tumorigenesis induced by CTC clusters to make a summary and a discussion about them. Although CTC clusters have recently been considered as a key role in the transition process, many characteristics of them remain to be deeply explored. A detailed understanding of their vulnerability can prospectively pave the way for new inhibitors for metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jueyao Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gejun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxing Chen, ; Yin Lu,
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxing Chen, ; Yin Lu,
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Sutton TL, Patel RK, Anderson AN, Bowden SG, Whalen R, Giske NR, Wong MH. Circulating Cells with Macrophage-like Characteristics in Cancer: The Importance of Circulating Neoplastic-Immune Hybrid Cells in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163871. [PMID: 36010865 PMCID: PMC9405966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In cancer, disseminated neoplastic cells circulating in blood are a source of tumor DNA, RNA, and protein, which can be harnessed to diagnose, monitor, and better understand the biology of the tumor from which they are derived. Historically, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have dominated this field of study. While CTCs are shed directly into circulation from a primary tumor, they remain relatively rare, particularly in early stages of disease, and thus are difficult to utilize as a reliable cancer biomarker. Neoplastic-immune hybrid cells represent a novel subpopulation of circulating cells that are more reliably attainable as compared to their CTC counterparts. Here, we review two recently identified circulating cell populations in cancer—cancer-associated macrophage-like cells and circulating hybrid cells—and discuss the future impact for the exciting area of disseminated hybrid cells. Abstract Cancer remains a significant cause of mortality in developed countries, due in part to difficulties in early detection, understanding disease biology, and assessing treatment response. If effectively harnessed, circulating biomarkers promise to fulfill these needs through non-invasive “liquid” biopsy. While tumors disseminate genetic material and cellular debris into circulation, identifying clinically relevant information from these analytes has proven difficult. In contrast, cell-based circulating biomarkers have multiple advantages, including a source for tumor DNA and protein, and as a cellular reflection of the evolving tumor. While circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have dominated the circulating cell biomarker field, their clinical utility beyond that of prognostication has remained elusive, due to their rarity. Recently, two novel populations of circulating tumor-immune hybrid cells in cancer have been characterized: cancer-associated macrophage-like cells (CAMLs) and circulating hybrid cells (CHCs). CAMLs are macrophage-like cells containing phagocytosed tumor material, while CHCs can result from cell fusion between cancer and immune cells and play a role in the metastatic cascade. Both are detected in higher numbers than CTCs in peripheral blood and demonstrate utility in prognostication and assessing treatment response. Additionally, both cell populations are heterogeneous in their genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic signatures, and thus have the potential to inform on heterogeneity within tumors. Herein, we review the advances in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Sutton
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ranish K. Patel
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ashley N. Anderson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Stephen G. Bowden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Riley Whalen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Nicole R. Giske
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Melissa H. Wong
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-503-494-8749; Fax: +1-503-494-4253
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Cancer Stem Cell-Associated Immune Microenvironment in Recurrent Glioblastomas. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132054. [PMID: 35805138 PMCID: PMC9265559 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most incurable tumor (due to the difficulty in complete surgical resection and the resistance to conventional chemo/radiotherapies) that displays a high relapse frequency. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been considered as a promising target responsible for therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. CSCs are known to organize a self-advantageous microenvironment (niche) for their maintenance and expansion. Therefore, understanding how the microenvironment is reconstructed by the remaining CSCs after conventional treatments and how it eventually causes recurrence should be essential to inhibit cancer recurrence. However, the number of studies focusing on recurrence is limited, particularly those related to tumor immune microenvironment, while numerous data have been obtained from primary resected samples. Here, we summarize recent investigations on the immune microenvironment from the viewpoint of recurrent GBM (rGBM). Based on the recurrence-associated immune cell composition reported so far, we will discuss how CSCs manipulate host immunity and create the special microenvironment for themselves to regrow. An integrated understanding of the interactions between CSCs and host immune cells at the recurrent phase will lead us to develop innovative therapies and diagnoses to achieve GBM eradication.
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15
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Liu Y, Yao R, Shi Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Liu J, Guan Y, Yao Y, Chen L. Identification of CD101 in Glioma: A Novel Prognostic Indicator Expressed on M2 Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845223. [PMID: 35350788 PMCID: PMC8957828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma represents the most common primary intracranial malignancy worldwide, with low overall survival rates and limited therapeutic options. The protein CD101, mainly expressed on several immune cells, has been demonstrated to exert potent effects on blunting T cell immune responses across infectious and autoimmunity diseases. Nevertheless, the prognostic value of CD101 expression and its role in the immune microenvironment of various malignancies currently remains elusive. Herein, by adopting bioinformatics methodology, we comprehensively illustrated the potential function and predictive value of CD101 in stratifying clinical prognosis among patients with glioma, for which a high CD101 level predicted an unfavorable clinical outcome in glioma patients. Results from enrichment analyses manifested that CD101 predominantly expressed on the tumor-associated macrophages and was significantly associated with the immune regulatory processes, as evidenced by its positive correlation with immune-related genes and the putative infiltration of immune cells. Evidence provided by in-situ multicolor immunofluorescence staining further validated our findings at the protein level. Taken together, CD101 may serve as a novel biomarker in predicting clinical prognosis and immune status for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Liu
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China.,Senior Department of Neurosurgery, the First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Renqi Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shi
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- Senior Department of Neurosurgery, the First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Senior Department of Neurosurgery, the First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Senior Department of Neurosurgery, the First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunqian Guan
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongming Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Senior Department of Neurosurgery, the First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Mi R, Ji J, Zhang M, Zhang J, Li M, Hu Y, Liu F. Establishment of the glioma polyploid giant cancer cell model by a modified PHA-DMSO-PEG fusion method following dual drug-fluorescence screening in vitro. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 368:109462. [PMID: 34968625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In glioma, cell fusion and the number of the polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) were found to be augmented with tumor grades (WHO Ⅰ-Ⅳ) and closely related to poor prognosis. However, the pathological and molecular characteristics of glioma PGCCs remain unclear due to the lack of cell model in vitro and in vivo. NEW METHOD Here, we reported a novel approach to obtain the glioma PGCCs by the PHA-DMSO-PEG fusion method following dual drug-fluorescence screening in vitro. Glioma cells were labelled by lentiviruses infection and fusion hybrids were obtained by puromycin screening and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). RESULTS Glioma tumor-tumor cell fusion efficiency was significantly improved by PHA and DMSO. Glioma PGCCs were successfully obtained after puromycin screening and FACS. Cell size, DNA content and chromosome numbers of the glioma PGCCs were almost twice than that of the parental glioma cells. Moreover, glioma PGCCs showed a decreased proliferation rate but enhanced temozolomide resistance potential compared to the parental cells. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS We firstly obtained the glioma PGCCs by a modified fusion method in vitro. The fusion efficiency of the PHA-DMSO-PEG fusion method was much higher compared to PEG fusion method. Moreover, the dual drug-fluorescence screening method was more convenient and effective compared to the single one. CONCLUSIONS We successfully established the glioma PGCC model through a modified PHA-DMSO-PEG fusion method following dual drug-fluorescence screening in vitro. Glioma PGCCs showed a deceased proliferation rate but increased TMZ resistance capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Mi
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Jiayu Ji
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Mingxin Li
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Yuedong Hu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100070, P.R.China.
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Combination of p38 MAPK inhibitor with PD-L1 antibody effectively prolongs survivals of temozolomide-resistant glioma-bearing mice via reduction of infiltrating glioma-associated macrophages and PD-L1 expression on resident glioma-associated microglia. Brain Tumor Pathol 2021; 38:189-200. [PMID: 34231121 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-021-00404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Current conventional treatment strategies for glioblastoma (GBM) have limited efficacy due to the rapid development of resistance to temozolomide (TMZ). It is particularly urgent to develop novel therapeutic strategies that can overcome TMZ resistance and provide patients with better prognoses. Here, a TMZ-resistant GBM cell strain and a mouse model of TMZ resistance are established as valuable tools to explore novel therapeutic strategies against TMZ resistance. Experimentally, p38MAPK inhibitor reduces the accumulation of F4/80+/CD11b+ macrophages/microglia in glioma and prolongs the survivals of glioma-bearing mice. Glioma-associated macrophages/microglia have a significanct expression of PD-L1. p38MAPK inhibitor in combination with PD-L1 antibody can effectively prolongs the survivals of TMZ-resistant GBM-bearing hosts, and differentially reduces the accumulation of circulating monocytes-derived tumor-associated macrophages and PD-L1 abundances of resident glioma-associated microglia. This combination therapy could be a treatment option for patients at the recurrence or chronic TMZ maintenance stages. A clinical study to confirm the safety and effectiveness of this combination therapy is warranted.
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Ma J, Chen CC, Li M. Macrophages/Microglia in the Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115775. [PMID: 34071306 PMCID: PMC8198046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex interaction between glioblastoma and its microenvironment has been recognized for decades. Among various immune profiles, the major population is tumor-associated macrophage, with microglia as its localized homolog. The present definition of such myeloid cells is based on a series of cell markers. These good sentinel cells experience significant changes, facilitating glioblastoma development and protecting it from therapeutic treatments. Huge, complicated mechanisms are involved during the overall processes. A lot of effort has been dedicated to crack the mysterious codes in macrophage/microglia recruiting, activating, reprogramming, and functioning. We have made our path. With more and more key factors identified, a lot of new therapeutic methods could be explored to break the ominous loop, to enhance tumor sensitivity to treatments, and to improve the prognosis of glioblastoma patients. However, it might be a synergistic system rather than a series of clear, stepwise events. There are still significant challenges before the light of truth can shine onto the field. Here, we summarize recent advances in this field, reviewing the path we have been on and where we are now.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ming Li
- Correspondence: (C.C.C.); (M.L.)
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Filippova N, Nabors LB. ELAVL1 Role in Cell Fusion and Tunneling Membrane Nanotube Formations with Implication to Treat Glioma Heterogeneity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3069. [PMID: 33096700 PMCID: PMC7590168 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homotypic and heterotypic cell fusions via permanent membrane fusions and temporal tunneling nanotube formations in the glioma microenvironment were recently documented in vitro and in vivo and mediate glioma survival, plasticity, and recurrence. Chronic inflammation, a hypoxic environment, aberrant mitochondrial function, and ER stress due to unfolded protein accumulation upregulate cell fusion events, which leads to tumor heterogeneity and represents an adaptive mechanism to promote tumor cell survival and plasticity in cytotoxic, nutrient-deprived, mechanically stressed, and inflammatory microenvironments. Cell fusion is a multistep process, which consists of the activation of the cellular stress response, autophagy formation, rearrangement of cytoskeletal architecture in the areas of cell-to-cell contacts, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and fusogenic proteins. The mRNA-binding protein of ELAV-family HuR is a critical node, which orchestrates the stress response, autophagy formation, cytoskeletal architecture, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and fusogenic proteins. HuR is overexpressed in gliomas and is associated with poor prognosis and treatment resistance. Our review provides a link between the HuR role in the regulation of cell fusion and tunneling nanotube formations in the glioma microenvironment and the potential suppression of these processes by different classes of HuR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Filippova
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Louis B. Nabors
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Zyxin (ZYX) promotes invasion and acts as a biomarker for aggressive phenotypes of human glioblastoma multiforme. J Transl Med 2020; 100:812-823. [PMID: 31949244 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by highly invasive growth, which leads to extensive infiltration and makes complete tumor excision difficult. Since cytoskeleton proteins are related to leading processes and cell motility, and through analysis of public GBM databases, we determined that an actin-interacting protein, zyxin (ZYX), may involved in GBM invasion. Our own glioma cohort as well as the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), Rembrandt, and Gravendeel databases consistently showed that increased ZYX expression was related to tumor progression and poor prognosis of glioma patients. In vitro and in vivo experiments further confirmed the oncogenic roles of ZYX and demonstrated the role of ZYX in GBM invasive growth. Moreover, RNA-seq and mass-spectrum data from GBM cells with or without ZYX revealed that stathmin 1 (STMN1) was a potential target of ZYX. Subsequently, we found that both mRNA and protein levels of STMN1 were positively regulated by ZYX. Functionally, STMN1 not only promoted invasion of GBM cells but also rescued the invasion repression caused by ZYX loss. Taken together, our results indicate that high ZYX expression was associated with worse prognosis and highlighted that the ZYX-STMN1 axis might be a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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Amintas S, Bedel A, Moreau-Gaudry F, Boutin J, Buscail L, Merlio JP, Vendrely V, Dabernat S, Buscail E. Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters: United We Stand Divided We Fall. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2653. [PMID: 32290245 PMCID: PMC7177734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and CTC clusters, also known as tumor microemboli, in biological fluids has long been described. Intensive research on single CTCs has made a significant contribution in understanding tumor invasion, metastasis tropism, and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Moreover, their being minimally invasive biomarkers has positioned them for diagnosis, prognosis, and recurrence monitoring tools. Initially, CTC clusters were out of focus, but major recent advances in the knowledge of their biogenesis and dissemination reposition them as critical actors in the pathophysiology of cancer, especially metastasis. Increasing evidence suggests that "united" CTCs, organized in clusters, resist better and carry stronger metastatic capacities than "divided" single CTCs. This review gathers recent insight on CTC cluster origin and dissemination. We will focus on their distinct molecular package necessary to resist multiple cell deaths that all circulating cells normally face. We will describe the molecular basis of their increased metastatic potential as compared to single CTCs. We will consider their clinical relevance as prognostic biomarkers. Finally, we will propose future directions for research and clinical applications in this promising topic in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Amintas
- INSERM U1035, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (S.A.); (A.B.); (F.M.-G.); (J.B.); (J.-P.M.); (V.V.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélie Bedel
- INSERM U1035, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (S.A.); (A.B.); (F.M.-G.); (J.B.); (J.-P.M.); (V.V.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Moreau-Gaudry
- INSERM U1035, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (S.A.); (A.B.); (F.M.-G.); (J.B.); (J.-P.M.); (V.V.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julian Boutin
- INSERM U1035, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (S.A.); (A.B.); (F.M.-G.); (J.B.); (J.-P.M.); (V.V.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Louis Buscail
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France; (L.B.); (E.B.)
- INSERM UMR 1037, Toulouse Centre for Cancer Research, University of Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Merlio
- INSERM U1035, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (S.A.); (A.B.); (F.M.-G.); (J.B.); (J.-P.M.); (V.V.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique Vendrely
- INSERM U1035, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (S.A.); (A.B.); (F.M.-G.); (J.B.); (J.-P.M.); (V.V.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Dabernat
- INSERM U1035, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (S.A.); (A.B.); (F.M.-G.); (J.B.); (J.-P.M.); (V.V.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Etienne Buscail
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France; (L.B.); (E.B.)
- INSERM UMR-1220, IRSD University of Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Heeke S, Mograbi B, Alix-Panabières C, Hofman P. Never Travel Alone: The Crosstalk of Circulating Tumor Cells and the Blood Microenvironment. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070714. [PMID: 31337010 PMCID: PMC6678604 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Commonly, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are described as source of metastasis in cancer patients. However, in this process cancer cells of the primary tumor site need to survive the physical and biological challenges in the blood stream before leaving the circulation to become the seed of a new metastatic site in distant parenchyma. Most of the CTCs released in the blood stream will not resist those challenges and will consequently fail to induce metastasis. A few of them, however, interact closely with other blood cells, such as neutrophils, platelets, and/or macrophages to survive in the blood stream. Recent studies demonstrated that the interaction and modulation of the blood microenvironment by CTCs is pivotal for the development of new metastasis, making it an interesting target for potential novel treatment strategies. This review will discuss the recent research on the processes in the blood microenvironment with CTCs and will outline currently investigated treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Heeke
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, FHU OncoAge, 06000 Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7284, Inserm U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), FHU OncoAge, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Baharia Mograbi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, FHU OncoAge, 06000 Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7284, Inserm U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), FHU OncoAge, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre, EA2415, Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, FHU OncoAge, 06000 Nice, France.
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7284, Inserm U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), FHU OncoAge, 06000 Nice, France.
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Biobank BB-0033-00025, Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, 06000 Nice, France.
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