1
|
Huang M, Zhu X, Wang C, He L, Li L, Wang H, Fan G, Wang Y. PINX1 loss confers susceptibility to PARP inhibition in pan-cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:610. [PMID: 39174499 PMCID: PMC11341912 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-07009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
PARP1 is crucial in DNA damage repair, chromatin remodeling, and transcriptional regulation. The principle of synthetic lethality has effectively guided the application of PARP inhibitors in treating tumors carrying BRCA1/2 mutations. Meanwhile, PARP inhibitors have exhibited efficacy in BRCA-proficient patients, further highlighting the necessity for a deeper understanding of PARP1 function and its inhibition in cancer therapy. Here, we unveil PIN2/TRF1-interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 (PINX1) as an uncharacterized PARP1-interacting protein that synergizes with PARP inhibitors upon its depletion across various cancer cell lines. Loss of PINX1 compromises DNA damage repair capacity upon etoposide treatment. The vulnerability of PINX1-deficient cells to etoposide and PARP inhibitors could be effectively restored by introducing either a full-length or a mutant form of PINX1 lacking telomerase inhibitory activity. Mechanistically, PINX1 is recruited to DNA lesions through binding to the ZnF3-BRCT domain of PARP1, facilitating the downstream recruitment of the DNA repair factor XRCC1. In the absence of DNA damage, PINX1 constitutively binds to PARP1, promoting PARP1-chromatin association and transcription of specific DNA damage repair proteins, including XRCC1, and transcriptional regulators, including GLIS3. Collectively, our findings identify PINX1 as a multifaceted partner of PARP1, crucial for safeguarding cells against genotoxic stress and emerging as a potential candidate for targeted tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying He
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haopeng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Gaofeng Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cong K, MacGilvary N, Lee S, MacLeod SG, Calvo J, Peng M, Nedergaard Kousholt A, Day TA, Cantor SB. FANCJ promotes PARP1 activity during DNA replication that is essential in BRCA1 deficient cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2599. [PMID: 38521768 PMCID: PMC10960859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) in creating single-stranded DNA gaps and inducing sensitivity requires the FANCJ DNA helicase. Yet, how FANCJ relates to PARP1 inhibition or trapping, which contribute to PARPi toxicity, remains unclear. Here, we find PARPi effectiveness hinges on S-phase PARP1 activity, which is reduced in FANCJ deficient cells as G-quadruplexes sequester PARP1 and MSH2. Additionally, loss of the FANCJ-MLH1 interaction diminishes PARP1 activity; however, depleting MSH2 reinstates PARPi sensitivity and gaps. Indicating sequestered and trapped PARP1 are distinct, FANCJ loss increases PARPi resistance in cells susceptible to PARP1 trapping. However, with BRCA1 deficiency, the loss of FANCJ mirrors PARP1 loss or inhibition, with the detrimental commonality being loss of S-phase PARP1 activity. These insights underline the crucial role of PARP1 activity during DNA replication in BRCA1 deficient cells and emphasize the importance of understanding drug mechanisms for enhancing therapeutic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Nathan MacGilvary
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Silviana Lee
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Shannon G MacLeod
- Northeastern University Biology Department 360 Huntington Avenue, Mugar Life Science Building, Rm 220, Boston, MA, 02115-5005, USA
| | - Jennifer Calvo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Arne Nedergaard Kousholt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tovah A Day
- Northeastern University Biology Department 360 Huntington Avenue, Mugar Life Science Building, Rm 220, Boston, MA, 02115-5005, USA
| | - Sharon B Cantor
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cong K, MacGilvary N, Lee S, MacLeod SG, Calvo J, Peng M, Kousholt AN, Day T, Cantor SB. FANCJ promotes PARP1 activity during DNA replication that is essential in BRCA1 deficient cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.04.574095. [PMID: 38260529 PMCID: PMC10802319 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.04.574095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA gaps are postulated to be fundamental to the mechanism of anti-cancer drugs. Gaining insights into their induction could therefore be pivotal for advancing therapeutic strategies. For poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) to be effective, the presence of FANCJ helicase is required. However, the relationship between FANCJ dependent gaps and PARP1 catalytic inhibition or trapping-both linked to PARPi toxicity in BRCA deficient cells-is yet to be elucidated. Here, we find that the efficacy of PARPi is contingent on S-phase PARP1 activity, which is compromised in FANCJ deficient cells because PARP1, along with MSH2, is "sequestered" by G-quadruplexes. PARP1's replication activity is also diminished in cells missing a FANCJ-MLH1 interaction, but in such cells, depleting MSH2 can release sequestered PARP1, restoring PARPi-induced gaps and sensitivity. Our observations indicate that sequestered and trapped PARP1 are different chromatin-bound forms, with FANCJ loss increasing PARPi resistance in cells susceptible to canonical PARP1 trapping. However, in BRCA1 null cells, the loss of FANCJ mirrors the effects of PARP1 loss or inhibition, with the common detrimental factor being the loss of PARP1 activity during DNA replication, not trapping. These insights underline the crucial role of PARP1 activity during DNA replication in BRCA deficient cells and emphasize the importance of understanding drug mechanisms for enhancing precision medicine.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Zhang J, Li H, Chen L, Yao D. Dual-target inhibitors of PARP1 in cancer therapy: a drug discovery perspective. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103607. [PMID: 37146962 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), a key enzyme in DNA repair, has emerged as a promising anticancer druggable target. An increasing number of PARP1 inhibitors have been discovered to treat cancer, most notably those characterized by BRCA1/2 mutations. Although PARP1 inhibitors have achieved great clinical success, their cytotoxicity, development of drug resistance, and restriction of indication have weakened their clinical therapeutic effects. To address these issues, dual PARP1 inhibitors have been documented as a promising strategy. Here, we review recent progress in the development of dual PARP1 inhibitors, summarize the different designs of dual-target inhibitors, and introduce their antitumor pharmacology, shedding light on the discovery of dual PARP1 inhibitors for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dahong Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li S, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang C, Hong Z, Han Z. The synthetic lethality of targeting cell cycle checkpoints and PARPs in cancer treatment. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:147. [PMID: 36253861 PMCID: PMC9578258 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous cell division is a hallmark of cancer, and the underlying mechanism is tumor genomics instability. Cell cycle checkpoints are critical for enabling an orderly cell cycle and maintaining genome stability during cell division. Based on their distinct functions in cell cycle control, cell cycle checkpoints are classified into two groups: DNA damage checkpoints and DNA replication stress checkpoints. The DNA damage checkpoints (ATM-CHK2-p53) primarily monitor genetic errors and arrest cell cycle progression to facilitate DNA repair. Unfortunately, genes involved in DNA damage checkpoints are frequently mutated in human malignancies. In contrast, genes associated with DNA replication stress checkpoints (ATR-CHK1-WEE1) are rarely mutated in tumors, and cancer cells are highly dependent on these genes to prevent replication catastrophe and secure genome integrity. At present, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) operate through “synthetic lethality” mechanism with mutant DNA repair pathways genes in cancer cells. However, an increasing number of patients are acquiring PARP inhibitor resistance after prolonged treatment. Recent work suggests that a combination therapy of targeting cell cycle checkpoints and PARPs act synergistically to increase the number of DNA errors, compromise the DNA repair machinery, and disrupt the cell cycle, thereby increasing the death rate of cancer cells with DNA repair deficiency or PARP inhibitor resistance. We highlight a combinational strategy involving PARP inhibitors and inhibition of two major cell cycle checkpoint pathways, ATM-CHK2-TP53 and ATR-CHK1-WEE1. The biological functions, resistance mechanisms against PARP inhibitors, advances in preclinical research, and clinical trials are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Changyi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenya Hong
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alblihy A, Ali R, Algethami M, Shoqafi A, Toss MS, Brownlie J, Tatum NJ, Hickson I, Moran PO, Grabowska A, Jeyapalan JN, Mongan NP, Rakha EA, Madhusudan S. Targeting Mre11 overcomes platinum resistance and induces synthetic lethality in XRCC1 deficient epithelial ovarian cancers. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:51. [PMID: 35853939 PMCID: PMC9296550 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum resistance is a clinical challenge in ovarian cancer. Platinating agents induce DNA damage which activate Mre11 nuclease directed DNA damage signalling and response (DDR). Upregulation of DDR may promote chemotherapy resistance. Here we have comprehensively evaluated Mre11 in epithelial ovarian cancers. In clinical cohort that received platinum- based chemotherapy (n = 331), Mre11 protein overexpression was associated with aggressive phenotype and poor progression free survival (PFS) (p = 0.002). In the ovarian cancer genome atlas (TCGA) cohort (n = 498), Mre11 gene amplification was observed in a subset of serous tumours (5%) which correlated highly with Mre11 mRNA levels (p < 0.0001). Altered Mre11 levels was linked with genome wide alterations that can influence platinum sensitivity. At the transcriptomic level (n = 1259), Mre11 overexpression was associated with poor PFS (p = 0.003). ROC analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.642 for response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Pre-clinically, Mre11 depletion by gene knock down or blockade by small molecule inhibitor (Mirin) reversed platinum resistance in ovarian cancer cells and in 3D spheroid models. Importantly, Mre11 inhibition was synthetically lethal in platinum sensitive XRCC1 deficient ovarian cancer cells and 3D-spheroids. Selective cytotoxicity was associated with DNA double strand break (DSB) accumulation, S-phase cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. We conclude that pharmaceutical development of Mre11 inhibitors is a viable clinical strategy for platinum sensitization and synthetic lethality in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Alblihy
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
- Medical Center, King Fahad Security College (KFSC), Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Ali
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Mashael Algethami
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Ahmed Shoqafi
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Michael S Toss
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Juliette Brownlie
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Natalie J Tatum
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian Hickson
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paloma Ordonez Moran
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Anna Grabowska
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Jennie N Jeyapalan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK.
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reber JM, Božić-Petković J, Lippmann M, Mazzardo M, Dilger A, Warmers R, Bürkle A, Mangerich A. PARP1 and XRCC1 exhibit a reciprocal relationship in genotoxic stress response. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 39:345-364. [PMID: 35778544 PMCID: PMC10042965 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PARP1 (aka ARTD1) acts as a prime sensor of cellular genotoxic stress response. PARP1 detects DNA strand breaks and subsequently catalyzes the formation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), which leads to the recruitment of the scaffold protein XRCC1 during base excision and single strand break repair and the assembly of multi-protein complexes to promote DNA repair. Here, we reveal that the recruitment of either protein to sites of DNA damage is impeded in the absence of the other, indicating a strong reciprocal relationship between the two DNA repair factors during genotoxic stress response. We further analyzed several cellular and molecular endpoints in HeLa PARP1 KO, XRCC1 KO, and PARP1/XRCC1 double KO (DKO) cells after genotoxic treatments, i.e., PARylation response, NAD+ levels, clonogenic survival, cell cycle progression, cell death, and DNA repair. The analysis of NAD+ levels and cytotoxicity after treatment with the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin revealed a hypersensitivity phenotype of XRCC1 KO cells compared to PARP1 KO cells-an effect that could be rescued by the additional genetic deletion of PARP1 as well as by pharmacological PARP inhibition. Moreover, impaired repair of hydrogen peroxide and CPT-induced DNA damage in XRCC1 KO cells could be partially rescued by additional deletion of PARP1. Our results therefore highlight important reciprocal regulatory functions of XRCC1 and PARP1 during genotoxic stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Reber
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Jovana Božić-Petković
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Michelle Lippmann
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Marvin Mazzardo
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Asisa Dilger
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Rebecca Warmers
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yamamoto TM, Webb PG, Davis DM, Baumgartner HK, Woodruff ER, Guntupalli SR, Neville M, Behbakht K, Bitler BG. Loss of Claudin-4 Reduces DNA Damage Repair and Increases Sensitivity to PARP Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:647-657. [PMID: 35373300 PMCID: PMC8988515 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy due to progression to resistant disease. Claudin-4 is classically defined as a tight junction protein and is often associated with epithelial cancers. Claudin-4 is aberrantly expressed in nearly 70% of all ovarian cancer tumors and conveys a worse overall prognosis. Elevated claudin-4 expression correlates to increased DNA repair activity and resistance to DNA damaging agents. PARP inhibitors are emerging as an effective therapeutic option for patients with ovarian cancer and function by promoting DNA damage. The study examines the relationship between claudin-4 expression and the response to PARP inhibitors using both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of claudin-4 in in vitro and ex vivo models of ovarian cancer to examine DNA repair markers and functional activity. Genetic inhibition of claudin-4 results in the downregulation of several DNA damage repair effectors, including 53BP1 and XRCC1. Claudin-4 knockdown did not change homology-directed repair but inhibited nonhomologous end-joining and reduced 53BP1 foci formation. In 15 primary ovarian cancer tumors, higher claudin-4 expression significantly correlated to a dampened PARP inhibitor-mediated antiproliferation response. Further, claudin-4 inhibition in high claudin-4 tumors sensitized tumor sections to PARP inhibition. These data highlight that claudin-4 expression in ovarian cancer tumors could serve as both a marker of PARP inhibitor response and a therapeutic target to improve PARP inhibitor response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi M Yamamoto
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Patricia G Webb
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dana M Davis
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Heidi K Baumgartner
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth R Woodruff
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Saketh R Guntupalli
- Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Margaret Neville
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kian Behbakht
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Benjamin G Bitler
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alblihy A, Shoqafi A, Toss MS, Algethami M, Harris AE, Jeyapalan JN, Abdel-Fatah T, Servante J, Chan SYT, Green A, Mongan NP, Rakha EA, Madhusudan S. Untangling the clinicopathological significance of MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex in sporadic breast cancers. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:143. [PMID: 34782604 PMCID: PMC8593132 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex is critical for genomic stability. Although germline mutations in MRN may increase breast cancer susceptibility, such mutations are extremely rare. Here, we have conducted a comprehensive clinicopathological study of MRN in sporadic breast cancers. We have protein expression profiled for MRN and a panel of DNA repair factors involved in double-strand break repair (BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, CHK2, ATR, Chk1, pChk1, RAD51, γH2AX, RPA1, RPA2, DNA-PKcs), RECQ DNA helicases (BLM, WRN, RECQ1, RECQL4, RECQ5), nucleotide excision repair (ERCC1) and base excision repair (SMUG1, APE1, FEN1, PARP1, XRCC1, Pol β) in 1650 clinical breast cancers. The prognostic significance of MRE11, RAD50 and NBS1 transcripts and their microRNA regulators (hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-99b) were evaluated in large clinical datasets. Expression of MRN components was analysed in The Cancer Genome Atlas breast cancer cohort. We show that low nuclear MRN is linked to aggressive histopathological phenotypes such as high tumour grade, high mitotic index, oestrogen receptor- and high-risk Nottingham Prognostic Index. In univariate analysis, low nuclear MRE11 and low nuclear RAD50 were associated with poor survival. In multivariate analysis, low nuclear RAD50 remained independently linked with adverse clinical outcomes. Low RAD50 transcripts were also linked with reduced survival. In contrast, overexpression of hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-99b microRNAs was associated with poor survival. We observed large-scale genome-wide alterations in MRN-deficient tumours contributing to aggressive behaviour. We conclude that MRN status may be a useful tool to stratify tumours for precision medicine strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Alblihy
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
- Medical Center, King Fahad Security College (KFSC), Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Shoqafi
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Michael S Toss
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Mashael Algethami
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Anna E Harris
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Jennie N Jeyapalan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Tarek Abdel-Fatah
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | | | - Stephen Y T Chan
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Andrew Green
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK.
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thakur N, Yim K, Abdul-Ghafar J, Seo KJ, Chong Y. High Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Expression Does Relate to Poor Survival in Solid Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5594. [PMID: 34830749 PMCID: PMC8615806 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a DNA damage repair protein, and its inhibitors have shown promising results in clinical trials. The prognostic significance of PARP is inconsistent in studies of various cancers. In the present study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to reveal the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of PARP expression in multiple solid cancers. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for relevant research articles published from 2005 to 2021. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) with confidence interval (CI) was calculated to investigate the relationship between PARP expression and survival in multiple solid cancers. In total, 10,667 patients from 31 studies were included. A significant association was found between higher PARP expression and overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.34-1.76, p < 0.001), disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.10-1.21, p < 0.001), and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.03-1.08, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that PARP overexpression was significantly related to poor OS in patients with breast cancers (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.28-1.49, p < 0.001), ovary cancers (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.10-1.33, p = 0.001), lung cancers (HR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.29-3.45, p = 0.003), and liver cancers (HR = 3.29, 95% CI = 1.94-5.58, p < 0.001). Regarding ethnicity, Asian people have almost twice their worst survival rate compared to Caucasians. The pooled odds ratio analysis showed a significant relationship between higher PARP expression and larger tumour size, poor tumour differentiation, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, higher TNM stage and lymphovascular invasion, and positive immunoreactivity for Ki-67, BRCA1, and BRCA2. In addition, nuclear expression assessed by the QS system using Abcam and Santa Cruz Biotechnology seems to be the most commonly used and reproducible IHC method for assessing PARP expression. This meta-analysis revealed that higher PARP expression was associated with a worse OS, DFS, and PFS in patients with solid cancers. Moreover, inhibition of this pathway through its specific inhibitors may extend the survival of patients with higher PARP expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yosep Chong
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea; (N.T.); (K.Y.); (J.A.-G.); (K.J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang YH, Yin SJ, Gong YY, Li ZR, Yang Q, Fan YX, Zhou T, Meng R, Wang P, He GH. PARP1 as a prognostic biomarker for human cancers: a meta-analysis. Biomark Med 2021; 15:1563-1578. [PMID: 34651514 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A comprehensive meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the association between high PARP1 expression and clinical outcomes in diverse types of cancers. Materials & methods: The electronic databases for all articles about PARP1 expression and cancers were searched. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis was utilized to validate the results of the meta-analysis. Results: Fifty-two studies with a total of 7140 patients were included in the current meta-analysis. High PARP1 expression was found to be significantly associated with poor overall survival and recurrence in various cancers, which were further strengthened and complemented by the results of bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, increased PAPR1 expression was also related to clinicopathological features. Conclusion: Our findings confirmed that PARP1 might be a promising biomarker for prognosis in human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Huang
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 120 Guanghua Rd, Kunming, 650032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Sun-Jun Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Zhi-Ran Li
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yu-Xin Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Rui Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Gong-Hao He
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 120 Guanghua Rd, Kunming, 650032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
McPherson KS, Korzhnev DM. Targeting protein-protein interactions in the DNA damage response pathways for cancer chemotherapy. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1167-1195. [PMID: 34458830 PMCID: PMC8342002 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular DNA damage response (DDR) is an extensive signaling network that orchestrates DNA damage recognition, repair and avoidance, cell cycle progression and cell death. DDR alteration is a hallmark of cancer, with the deficiency in one DDR capability often compensated by a dependency on alternative pathways endowing cancer cells with survival and growth advantage. Targeting these DDR pathways has provided multiple opportunities for the development of cancer therapies. Traditional drug discovery has mainly focused on catalytic inhibitors that block enzyme active sites, which limits the number of potential drug targets within the DDR pathways. This review article describes the emerging approach to the development of cancer therapeutics targeting essential protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in the DDR network. The overall strategy for the structure-based design of small molecule PPI inhibitors is discussed, followed by an overview of the major DNA damage sensing, DNA repair, and DNA damage tolerance pathways with a specific focus on PPI targets for anti-cancer drug design. The existing small molecule inhibitors of DDR PPIs are summarized that selectively kill cancer cells and/or sensitize cancers to front-line genotoxic therapies, and a range of new PPI targets are proposed that may lead to the development of novel chemotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Silva McPherson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington CT 06030 USA +1 860 679 3408 +1 860 679 2849
| | - Dmitry M Korzhnev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington CT 06030 USA +1 860 679 3408 +1 860 679 2849
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hobbs EA, Litton JK, Yap TA. Development of the PARP inhibitor talazoparib for the treatment of advanced BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutated breast cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1825-1837. [PMID: 34309473 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1952181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutation breast cancers constitute an uncommon, but unique group of breast cancers that present at a younger age, and are underscored by genomic instability and accumulation of DNA damage. Talazoparib is a potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor that exploits impaired DNA damage response mechanisms in this population of patients and results in significant efficacy. Based on the results of the EMBRACA trial, talazoparib was approved for the treatment of patients with advanced germline BRCA1/2 mutant breast cancer. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors highlight the relevant clinical trials of talazoparib, as well as, safety, tolerability, and quality of life considerations. They also examine putative response and resistance mechanisms, and rational combinatorial therapeutic strategies under development. EXPERT OPINION Talazoparib has been a major advance in the treatment of germline BRCA1/2 mutation breast cancer with both clinical efficacy and improvement in quality of life compared to standard cytotoxic chemotherapy. To date, the optimal sequencing of talazoparib administration in the metastatic setting has not yet been established. A deeper understanding of response and resistance mechanisms, and more broadly, the DNA repair pathway, will lead to additional opportunities in targeting this pathway and open up therapeutic indications to a broader patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evthokia A Hobbs
- Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer K Litton
- Breast Medical Oncology Department, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ali R, Alabdullah M, Algethami M, Alblihy A, Miligy I, Shoqafi A, Mesquita KA, Abdel-Fatah T, Chan SYT, Chiang PW, Mongan NP, Rakha EA, Tomkinson AE, Madhusudan S. Ligase 1 is a predictor of platinum resistance and its blockade is synthetically lethal in XRCC1 deficient epithelial ovarian cancers. Theranostics 2021; 11:8350-8361. [PMID: 34373746 PMCID: PMC8344016 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The human ligases (LIG1, LIG3 and LIG4) are essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity by catalysing the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent 5'-phosphoryl and 3'-hydroxyl termini at single and double strand breaks in duplex DNA molecules generated either directly by DNA damage or during replication, recombination, and DNA repair. Whether LIG1, LIG3 and LIG4 can influence ovarian cancer pathogenesis and therapeutics is largely unknown. Methods: We investigated LIG1, LIG3 and LIG4 expression in clinical cohorts of epithelial ovarian cancers [protein level (n=525) and transcriptional level (n=1075)] and correlated to clinicopathological features and survival outcomes. Pre-clinically, platinum sensitivity was investigated in LIG1 depleted ovarian cancer cells. A small molecule inhibitor of LIG1 (L82) was tested for synthetic lethality application in XRCC1, BRCA2 or ATM deficient cancer cells. Results: LIG1 and LIG3 overexpression linked with aggressive phenotypes, platinum resistance and poor progression free survival (PFS). In contrast, LIG4 deficiency was associated with platinum resistance and worse PFS. In a multivariate analysis, LIG1 was independently associated with adverse outcome. In ovarian cancer cell lines, LIG1 depletion increased platinum cytotoxicity. L82 monotherapy was synthetically lethal in XRCC1 deficient ovarian cancer cells and 3D-spheroids. Increased cytotoxicity was linked with accumulation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), S-phase cell cycle arrest and increased apoptotic cells. L82 was also selectively toxic in BRCA2 deficient or ATM deficient cancer cells and 3D-spheroids. Conclusions: We provide evidence that LIG1 is an attractive target for personalization of ovarian cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ali
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Muslim Alabdullah
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG51PB, UK
| | - Mashael Algethami
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Adel Alblihy
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
- Medical Center, King Fahad Security College (KFSC), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam Miligy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG51PB, UK
| | - Ahmed Shoqafi
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Katia A. Mesquita
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Tarek Abdel-Fatah
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Stephen YT Chan
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Pei Wen Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Cancer Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG51PB, UK
| | - Alan E Tomkinson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Center, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thompson MK, Sobol RW, Prakash A. Exploiting DNA Endonucleases to Advance Mechanisms of DNA Repair. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:530. [PMID: 34198612 PMCID: PMC8232306 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The earliest methods of genome editing, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), utilize customizable DNA-binding motifs to target the genome at specific loci. While these approaches provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity, the laborious process of designing and synthesizing recombinant nucleases to recognize a specific target sequence, combined with limited target choices and poor editing efficiency, ultimately minimized the broad utility of these systems. The discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequences (CRISPR) in Escherichia coli dates to 1987, yet it was another 20 years before CRISPR and the CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins were identified as part of the microbial adaptive immune system, by targeting phage DNA, to fight bacteriophage reinfection. By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells. The ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency have made CRISPR/Cas9 and its related systems the designer nucleases of choice for many. In this review, we discuss the various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation. We will explore how CRISPR-controlled modifications have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of genome stability, using the modulation of DNA repair genes as examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlo K. Thompson
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama Health, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (M.K.T.); (R.W.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Robert W. Sobol
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama Health, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (M.K.T.); (R.W.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama Health, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (M.K.T.); (R.W.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wright G, Sonavane M, Gassman NR. Activated STAT3 Is a Novel Regulator of the XRCC1 Promoter and Selectively Increases XRCC1 Protein Levels in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115475. [PMID: 34067421 PMCID: PMC8196947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Base Excision Repair (BER) addresses base lesions and abasic sites induced by exogenous and endogenous stressors. X-ray cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) functions as a scaffold protein in BER and single-strand break repair (SSBR), facilitating and coordinating repair through its interaction with a host of critical repair proteins. Alterations of XRCC1 protein and gene expression levels are observed in many cancers, including colorectal, ovarian, and breast cancer. While increases in the expression level of XRCC1 are reported, the transcription factors responsible for this up-regulation are not known. In this study, we identify the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as a novel regulator of XRCC1 through chromatin immunoprecipitation. Activation of STAT3 through phosphorylation at Y705 by cytokine (IL-6) signaling increases the expression of XRCC1 and the occupancy of STAT3 within the XRCC1 promoter. In triple negative breast cancer, the constitutive activation of STAT3 upregulates XRCC1 gene and protein expression levels. Increased expression of XRCC1 is associated with aggressiveness and resistance to DNA damaging chemotherapeutics. Thus, we propose that activated STAT3 regulates XRCC1 under stress and growth conditions, but constitutive activation in cancers results in dysregulation of XRCC1 and subsequently BER and SSBR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Griffin Wright
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, 307 N University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (G.W.); (M.S.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604-1405, USA
| | - Manoj Sonavane
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, 307 N University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (G.W.); (M.S.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604-1405, USA
| | - Natalie R. Gassman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, 307 N University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (G.W.); (M.S.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604-1405, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Entz-Werlé N, Poidevin L, Nazarov PV, Poch O, Lhermitte B, Chenard MP, Burckel H, Guérin E, Fuchs Q, Castel D, Noel G, Choulier L, Dontenwill M, Van Dyck E. A DNA Repair and Cell Cycle Gene Expression Signature in Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas: Prognostic and Therapeutic Value. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092252. [PMID: 34067180 PMCID: PMC8125831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) are the leading cause of mortality in pediatric neuro-oncology, displaying frequent resistance to standard therapies. Profiling DNA repair and cell cycle gene expression has recently been proposed as a strategy to classify adult glioblastomas. To improve our understanding of the DNA damage response pathways that operate in pHGGs and the vulnerabilities that these pathways might expose, we sought to identify and characterize a specific DNA repair and cell-cycle gene expression signature of pHGGs. METHODS Transcriptomic analyses were performed to identify a DNA repair and cell-cycle gene expression signature able to discriminate pHGGs (n = 6) from low-grade gliomas (n = 10). This signature was compared to related signatures already established. We used the pHGG signature to explore already transcriptomic datasets of DIPGs and sus-tentorial pHGGs. Finally, we examined the expression of key proteins of the pHGG signature in 21 pHGG diagnostic samples and nine paired relapses. Functional inhibition of one DNA repair factor was carried out in four patients who derived H3.3 K27M mutant cell lines. RESULTS We identified a 28-gene expression signature of DNA repair and cell cycle that clustered pHGGs cohorts, in particular sus-tentorial locations, in two groups. Differential protein expression levels of PARP1 and XRCC1 were associated to TP53 mutations and TOP2A amplification and linked significantly to the more radioresistant pHGGs displaying the worst outcome. Using patient-derived cell lines, we showed that the PARP-1/XRCC1 expression balance might be correlated with resistance to PARP1 inhibition. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that PARP1 overexpression, associated to XRCC1 expression, TP53 mutations, and TOP2A amplification, is a new theranostic and potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Entz-Werlé
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Faculty of Pharmacy, 67401 Illkirch, France; (Q.F.); (L.C.); (M.D.)
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology Unit, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: (N.E.-W.); (E.V.D.); Tel.: +33-3-88-12-83-96 (N.E.-W.); +352-26970-239 (E.V.D.)
| | - Laetitia Poidevin
- ICube-UMR7357, CSTB, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; (L.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Petr V. Nazarov
- Multiomics Data Science Research Group, Quantitative Biology Unit, Department of Oncology and Bioinformatics Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Olivier Poch
- ICube-UMR7357, CSTB, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; (L.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Benoit Lhermitte
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (B.L.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Marie Pierre Chenard
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (B.L.); (M.P.C.)
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Burckel
- Paul Strauss Comprehensive Cancer Center, Radiobioly Laboratory, ICANS (Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe), University of Strasbourg, Unicancer, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (H.B.); (G.N.)
| | - Eric Guérin
- Oncobiology Platform, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Quentin Fuchs
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Faculty of Pharmacy, 67401 Illkirch, France; (Q.F.); (L.C.); (M.D.)
| | - David Castel
- Team Genomics & Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Georges Noel
- Paul Strauss Comprehensive Cancer Center, Radiobioly Laboratory, ICANS (Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe), University of Strasbourg, Unicancer, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (H.B.); (G.N.)
| | - Laurence Choulier
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Faculty of Pharmacy, 67401 Illkirch, France; (Q.F.); (L.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Faculty of Pharmacy, 67401 Illkirch, France; (Q.F.); (L.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Eric Van Dyck
- DNA Repair and Chemoresistance, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Correspondence: (N.E.-W.); (E.V.D.); Tel.: +33-3-88-12-83-96 (N.E.-W.); +352-26970-239 (E.V.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Komulainen E, Badman J, Rey S, Rulten S, Ju L, Fennell K, Kalasova I, Ilievova K, McKinnon PJ, Hanzlikova H, Staras K, Caldecott KW. Parp1 hyperactivity couples DNA breaks to aberrant neuronal calcium signalling and lethal seizures. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51851. [PMID: 33932076 PMCID: PMC8097344 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in DNA single-strand break repair (SSBR) are linked with neurological dysfunction but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that hyperactivity of the DNA strand break sensor protein Parp1 in mice in which the central SSBR protein Xrcc1 is conditionally deleted (Xrcc1Nes-Cre ) results in lethal seizures and shortened lifespan. Using electrophysiological recording and synaptic imaging approaches, we demonstrate that aberrant Parp1 activation triggers seizure-like activity in Xrcc1-defective hippocampus ex vivo and deregulated presynaptic calcium signalling in isolated hippocampal neurons in vitro. Moreover, we show that these defects are prevented by Parp1 inhibition or deletion and, in the case of Parp1 deletion, that the lifespan of Xrcc1Nes-Cre mice is greatly extended. This is the first demonstration that lethal seizures can be triggered by aberrant Parp1 activity at unrepaired SSBs, highlighting PARP inhibition as a possible therapeutic approach in hereditary neurological disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Komulainen
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Jack Badman
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
- Sussex NeuroscienceSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Stephanie Rey
- Sussex NeuroscienceSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Stuart Rulten
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Limei Ju
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Kate Fennell
- Sussex NeuroscienceSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Ilona Kalasova
- Department of Genome DynamicsInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Kristyna Ilievova
- Department of Genome DynamicsInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Peter J McKinnon
- Department of GeneticsSt Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Hana Hanzlikova
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
- Department of Genome DynamicsInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Kevin Staras
- Sussex NeuroscienceSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Keith W Caldecott
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
- Department of Genome DynamicsInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Demény MA, Virág L. The PARP Enzyme Family and the Hallmarks of Cancer Part 1. Cell Intrinsic Hallmarks. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092042. [PMID: 33922595 PMCID: PMC8122967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 17-member poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme family, also known as the ADP-ribosyl transferase diphtheria toxin-like (ARTD) enzyme family, contains DNA damage-responsive and nonresponsive members. Only PARP1, 2, 5a, and 5b are capable of modifying their targets with poly ADP-ribose (PAR) polymers; the other PARP family members function as mono-ADP-ribosyl transferases. In the last decade, PARP1 has taken center stage in oncology treatments. New PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have been introduced for the targeted treatment of breast cancer 1 or 2 (BRCA1/2)-deficient ovarian and breast cancers, and this novel therapy represents the prototype of the synthetic lethality paradigm. Much less attention has been paid to other PARPs and their potential roles in cancer biology. In this review, we summarize the roles played by all PARP enzyme family members in six intrinsic hallmarks of cancer: uncontrolled proliferation, evasion of growth suppressors, cell death resistance, genome instability, reprogrammed energy metabolism, and escape from replicative senescence. In a companion paper, we will discuss the roles of PARP enzymes in cancer hallmarks related to cancer-host interactions, including angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, evasion of the anticancer immune response, and tumor-promoting inflammation. While PARP1 is clearly involved in all ten cancer hallmarks, an increasing body of evidence supports the role of other PARPs in modifying these cancer hallmarks (e.g., PARP5a and 5b in replicative immortality and PARP2 in cancer metabolism). We also highlight controversies, open questions, and discuss prospects of recent developments related to the wide range of roles played by PARPs in cancer biology. Some of the summarized findings may explain resistance to PARPi therapy or highlight novel biological roles of PARPs that can be therapeutically exploited in novel anticancer treatment paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Máté A. Demény
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (M.A.D.); (L.V.)
| | - László Virág
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (M.A.D.); (L.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Deng Y, Li H, Tang Y. The Effect of Suppression Taurine on Relocation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Mankind Lung Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:6656080. [PMID: 33936579 PMCID: PMC8060109 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6656080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aim Taurine is believed to have antioxidant properties and has been implicated in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and prostate cancer. This research focused on taurine inhibition effects of expression related to migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) A549 study on related genes of human being non-small-cell lung cancer. Methods MTT assays assessed cell viability and a RadiusTM assay showed that taurine also inhibited the lung cancer cell migration. Using RT-PCR and Western blot, the migration and EMT markers were identified and evaluated. Results We found that taurine significantly decreased the expression of migration markers matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In contrast, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 (TIMP-2) expressions were increased with taurine treatment. In addition, we found an association between taurine treatment and the expression of EMT markers. The expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin and the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin TWIST-1 was decreased, but the expression of zinc finger protein SNAIL-1 and E-zinc finger homeobox 1 (ZEB-1) was increased. Conclusion Taken together, our study strongly suggests the therapeutic significance of taurine, which possesses antimigration activity and induces EMT markers expression in lung cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Deng
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130-600, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130-600, China
| | - Yujiao Tang
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130-600, China
- Jilin Sino-ROK Institute of Animal Science, Changchun 130-600, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiang L, Zhou J, Zhao S, Wang X, Chen Y. STK17B promotes the progression of ovarian cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:475. [PMID: 33850872 PMCID: PMC8039663 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Protein kinase is increasingly receiving widespread attention because of its role in the tumor progression. Serine/threonine protein kinase (STK) is an important family involved in the development of a variety of cancers. Many studies have shown that serine/threonine kinase 17B (STK17B) is highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors and participate in proliferation and metastasis. However, the exact function of STK17B remains uncertain in ovarian cancer. Our study aims to investigate whether STK17B plays a role in the occurrence and development of epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods We employed quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect the relative expression of STK17B in ovarian cancer tissues. STK17B was down-regulated and up-regulated in ovarian cancer cell lines by small interfering RNA and overexpressed plasmid, respectively. The effects of STK17B on proliferation, invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells in vitro were analyzed by CCK-8 test, Transwell test, scratch test and EDU test. The tumorigenicity of subcutaneous xenograft tumor in nude mice to study the role of STK17B in tumorigenesis in vivo. Western Blotting analysis revealed that STK17B and EMT. Results STK17B expression was significantly increased in ovarian cancer tissues. The STK17B silencing suppressed cell progression, while the overexpression of STK17B promoted progression in vivo or in vitro. Western bolt showed that STK17B increased the invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cell by promoting the EMT process. Conclusions STK17B was highly expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues and increased the proliferation, invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells by promoting EMT process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shaojie Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuzhen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alblihy A, Alabdullah ML, Toss MS, Algethami M, Mongan NP, Rakha EA, Madhusudan S. RAD50 deficiency is a predictor of platinum sensitivity in sporadic epithelial ovarian cancers. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2020; 1:19. [PMID: 35006434 PMCID: PMC8607373 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-020-00023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic or acquired resistance seriously limits the use of platinating agents in advanced epithelial ovarian cancers. Increased DNA repair capacity is a key route to platinum resistance. RAD50 is a critical component of the MRN complex, a ‘first responder’ to DNA damage and essential for the repair of DSBs and stalled replication forks. We hypothesised a role for RAD50 in ovarian cancer pathogenesis and therapeutics. Clinicopathological significance of RAD50 expression was evaluated in clinical cohorts of ovarian cancer at the protein level (n = 331) and at the transcriptomic level (n = 1259). Sub-cellular localization of RAD50 at baseline and following cisplatin therapy was tested in platinum resistant (A2780cis, PEO4) and sensitive (A2780, PEO1) ovarian cancer cells. RAD50 was depleted and cisplatin sensitivity was investigated in A2780cis and PEO4 cells. RAD50 deficiency was associated with better progression free survival (PFS) at the protein (p = 0.006) and transcriptomic level (p < 0.001). Basal level of RAD50 was higher in platinum resistant cells. Following cisplatin treatment, increased nuclear localization of RAD50 was evident in A2780cis and PEO4 compared to A2780 and PEO1 cells. RAD50 depletion using siRNAs in A2780cis and PEO4 cells increased cisplatin cytotoxicity, which was associated with accumulation of DSBs, S-phase cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. We provide evidence that RAD50 deficiency is a predictor of platinum sensitivity. RAD50 expression-based stratification and personalization could be viable clinical strategy in ovarian cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Alblihy
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK
| | - Muslim L Alabdullah
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK.,Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK
| | - Michael S Toss
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK
| | - Mashael Algethami
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Faculty of medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Cancer Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK. .,Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK. .,Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|