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Guo H, Tan YQ, Huang X, Zhang S, Basappa B, Zhu T, Pandey V, Lobie PE. Small molecule inhibition of TFF3 overcomes tamoxifen resistance and enhances taxane efficacy in ER+ mammary carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2023; 579:216443. [PMID: 37858772 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Even though tamoxifen has significantly improved the survival of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) mammary carcinoma (MC) patients, the development of drug resistance with consequent disease recurrence has limited its therapeutic efficacy. Trefoil factor-3 (TFF3) has been previously reported to mediate anti-estrogen resistance in ER+MC. Herein, the efficacy of a small molecule inhibitor of TFF3 (AMPC) in enhancing sensitivity and mitigating acquired resistance to tamoxifen in ER+MC cells was investigated. AMPC induced apoptosis of tamoxifen-sensitive and resistant ER+MC cells and significantly reduced cell survival in 2D and 3D culture in vitro. In addition, AMPC reduced cancer stem cell (CSC)-like behavior in ER+MC cells in a BCL2-dependent manner. Synergistic effects of AMPC and tamoxifen were demonstrated in ER+MC cells and AMPC was observed to improve tamoxifen efficacy in tamoxifen-sensitive cells and to re-sensitize cells to tamoxifen in tamoxifen-resistant ER+MC in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, tamoxifen-resistant ER+MC cells were concomitantly resistant to anthracycline, platinum and fluoropyrimidine drugs, but not to Taxanes. Taxane treatment of tamoxifen-sensitive and resistant ER+MC cells increased TFF3 expression indicating a combination vulnerability for tamoxifen-resistant ER+MC cells. Taxanes increased CSC-like behavior of tamoxifen-sensitive and resistant ER+MC cells which was reduced by AMPC treatment. Taxanes synergized with AMPC to promote apoptosis and reduce CSC-like behavior in vitro and in vivo. Hence, AMPC restored the sensitivity of tamoxifen and enhanced the efficacy of Taxanes in tamoxifen-resistant ER+MC. In conclusion, pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 may serve as an effective combinatorial therapeutic strategy for the treatment of tamoxifen-resistant ER+MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Qin Tan
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Tao Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Tian C, Liu Y, Liu Y, Hu P, Xie S, Guo Y, Wang H, Zhang Z, Du L, Lei B, Wang Y, Xue L, Zhang D, Su J, Zhang X, Zhang R, Chen J, Zhang X, Chen L, Li M, Jia Q, Song J, Liu J. UCHL1 promotes cancer stemness in triple-negative breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 240:154235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu M, Shi Y, Hu Q, Qin Y, Ji S, Liu W, Zhuo Q, Fan G, Ye Z, Song C, Yu X, Xu X, Xu W. SETD8 induces stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer cells by regulating ROR1 expression. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1614-1624. [PMID: 34599596 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most deadly diseases, and its incidence is increasing year by year. The methyltransferase SETD8 has been demonstrated to play an important role in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. However, little is known about whether SETD8 could affect the invasion and metastasis of PC and the mechanism underlying the regulation. Based on our previous report, here, we further found that SETD8 could promote the invasion and migration of PC cells by inducing the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1). ROR1 was predominantly upregulated in PC tissues and was correlated with lymph node metastasis and worse prognosis. Mechanistically, SETD8 mediated ROR1 activity and regulated PC cells invasion and migration, although promoting the expression of stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related molecules. This promotion effect disappeared when the catalytically inactive mutant SETD8 was overexpressed, which could be counteracted by the SETD8-specific methyltransferase inhibitor UNC0379. Collectively, our results demonstrate that SETD8 may be a novel prognostic factor and a therapeutic target of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yihua Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qifeng Zhuo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guixiong Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zeng Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changfeng Song
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
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Silva G, Sales-Dias J, Casal D, Alves S, Domenici G, Barreto C, Matos C, Lemos AR, Matias AT, Kucheryava K, Ferreira A, Moita MR, Braga S, Brito C, Cabral MG, Casalou C, Barral DC, Sousa PMF, Videira PA, Bandeiras TM, Barbas A. Development of Dl1.72, a Novel Anti-DLL1 Antibody with Anti-Tumor Efficacy against Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164074. [PMID: 34439228 PMCID: PMC8392387 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Over 70% of breast cancers (BCs) are estrogen receptor-positive (ER+). The development of endocrine therapy has considerably improved patient outcomes. However, there is a clinical need for novel effective therapies against ER+ BCs, since many of these do not respond to standard therapy, and more than one-third of responders acquire resistance, experience relapse and metastasize. The Notch ligand Delta-like 1 (DLL1) is a key player in ER+ BC development and aggressiveness. Contrary to complete Notch pharmacological inhibitors, antibody-targeting of individual Notch components is expected to have superior therapeutic efficacy and be better tolerated. In this study, we developed and characterized a novel specific anti-DLL1 antibody with efficacy in inhibiting BC cell proliferation, mammosphere formation and angiogenesis, as well as anti-tumor and anti-metastatic efficacy in an ER+ BC mouse model without side effects. Thus, our data suggest that this anti-DLL1 antibody is a promising candidate for ER+ BC treatment. Abstract The Notch-signaling ligand DLL1 has emerged as an important player and promising therapeutic target in breast cancer (BC). DLL1-induced Notch activation promotes tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration, angiogenesis and BC stem cell maintenance. In BC, DLL1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis, particularly in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) subtypes. Directed therapy in early and advanced BC has dramatically changed the natural course of ER+ BC; however, relapse is a major clinical issue, and new therapeutic strategies are needed. Here, we report the development and characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody specific to DLL1. Using phage display technology, we selected an anti-DLL1 antibody fragment, which was converted into a full human IgG1 (Dl1.72). The Dl1.72 antibody exhibited DLL1 specificity and affinity in the low nanomolar range and significantly impaired DLL1-Notch signaling and expression of Notch target genes in ER+ BC cells. Functionally, in vitro treatment with Dl1.72 reduced MCF-7 cell proliferation, migration, mammosphere formation and endothelial tube formation. In vivo, Dl1.72 significantly inhibited tumor growth, reducing both tumor cell proliferation and liver metastases in a xenograft mouse model, without apparent toxicity. These findings suggest that anti-DLL1 Dl1.72 could be an attractive agent against ER+ BC, warranting further preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Silva
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.S.-D.); (G.D.); (C.B.); (C.M.); (A.R.L.); (K.K.); (M.R.M.); (C.B.); (P.M.F.S.); (T.M.B.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-214-469-419
| | - Joana Sales-Dias
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.S.-D.); (G.D.); (C.B.); (C.M.); (A.R.L.); (K.K.); (M.R.M.); (C.B.); (P.M.F.S.); (T.M.B.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diogo Casal
- Departamento de Anatomia, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.A.)
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.T.M.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (M.G.C.); (C.C.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Sara Alves
- Departamento de Anatomia, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.A.)
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central-Hospital de São José, 1150-199 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Giacomo Domenici
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.S.-D.); (G.D.); (C.B.); (C.M.); (A.R.L.); (K.K.); (M.R.M.); (C.B.); (P.M.F.S.); (T.M.B.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Clara Barreto
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.S.-D.); (G.D.); (C.B.); (C.M.); (A.R.L.); (K.K.); (M.R.M.); (C.B.); (P.M.F.S.); (T.M.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Carolina Matos
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.S.-D.); (G.D.); (C.B.); (C.M.); (A.R.L.); (K.K.); (M.R.M.); (C.B.); (P.M.F.S.); (T.M.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Ana R. Lemos
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.S.-D.); (G.D.); (C.B.); (C.M.); (A.R.L.); (K.K.); (M.R.M.); (C.B.); (P.M.F.S.); (T.M.B.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana T. Matias
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.T.M.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (M.G.C.); (C.C.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Khrystyna Kucheryava
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.S.-D.); (G.D.); (C.B.); (C.M.); (A.R.L.); (K.K.); (M.R.M.); (C.B.); (P.M.F.S.); (T.M.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Andreia Ferreira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.S.-D.); (G.D.); (C.B.); (C.M.); (A.R.L.); (K.K.); (M.R.M.); (C.B.); (P.M.F.S.); (T.M.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Raquel Moita
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.S.-D.); (G.D.); (C.B.); (C.M.); (A.R.L.); (K.K.); (M.R.M.); (C.B.); (P.M.F.S.); (T.M.B.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sofia Braga
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.T.M.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (M.G.C.); (C.C.); (D.C.B.)
- Unidade de Mama, Instituto CUF de Oncologia, 1998-018 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.S.-D.); (G.D.); (C.B.); (C.M.); (A.R.L.); (K.K.); (M.R.M.); (C.B.); (P.M.F.S.); (T.M.B.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M. Guadalupe Cabral
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.T.M.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (M.G.C.); (C.C.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Cristina Casalou
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.T.M.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (M.G.C.); (C.C.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Duarte C. Barral
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.T.M.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (M.G.C.); (C.C.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Pedro M. F. Sousa
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.S.-D.); (G.D.); (C.B.); (C.M.); (A.R.L.); (K.K.); (M.R.M.); (C.B.); (P.M.F.S.); (T.M.B.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Videira
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Tiago M. Bandeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.S.-D.); (G.D.); (C.B.); (C.M.); (A.R.L.); (K.K.); (M.R.M.); (C.B.); (P.M.F.S.); (T.M.B.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Barbas
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.S.-D.); (G.D.); (C.B.); (C.M.); (A.R.L.); (K.K.); (M.R.M.); (C.B.); (P.M.F.S.); (T.M.B.); (A.B.)
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5
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Wang Q, Wu J, Wei H, Huang H, Huang Y, Fang H, Gong X, Sun J, Wu Y, Lei C, Yu J, Hu D. JARID2 promotes stemness and cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer via upregulation of Notch1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 138:106040. [PMID: 34246759 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased stemness is causally linked to development of drug resistance in cancers. JARID2 is a member of the Jumonji family of proteins and regulates differentiation of embryonic stem cells. However, the role of JARID2 in lung cancer stemness and drug resistance is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of JARID2 in parental and cisplatin (CDDP) resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. The function of JARID2 in modulating CDDP sensitivity of NSCLC cells was determined. It was found that JARID2 is upregulated in CDDP resistant NSCLC cells, which depends on SOX2 expression. JARID2 overexpression promotes CDDP resistance in NSCLC cells, whereas JARID2 depletion restores CDDP sensitivity in CDDP resistant NSCLC cells. Moreover, JARID2 overexpression enhances cancer stem cell-like properties in NSCLC cells, which is coupled with increased expression of cancer stem cell markers. Mechanistically, JARID2-induced stemness and CDDP resistance is mediated by upregulation of Notch1. In clinical settings, high expression of JARID2 is significantly associated with advanced TNM stage, shorter overall survival, and poor chemotherapeutic response. These findings point toward an important role of JARID2 in CDDP resistance and stemness of NSCLC and provide a promising target for overcoming CDDP resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China; WuHan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Fang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojun Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Changjiang Lei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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