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Xu C, Jiang C, Li Z, Gao H, Xian J, Guo W, He D, Peng X, Zhou D, Li D. Exosome nanovesicles: biomarkers and new strategies for treatment of human diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e660. [PMID: 39015555 PMCID: PMC11247338 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles of cellular origin. One of the main characteristics of exosomes is their ability to carry a wide range of biomolecules from their parental cells, which are important mediators of intercellular communication and play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes have the advantages of biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and wide biodistribution. As researchers' understanding of exosomes has increased, various strategies have been proposed for their use in diagnosing and treating diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the biogenesis and composition of exosomes, describe the relationship between exosomes and disease progression, and focus on the use of exosomes as biomarkers for early screening, disease monitoring, and guiding therapy in refractory diseases such as tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. We also summarize the current applications of exosomes, especially engineered exosomes, for efficient drug delivery, targeted therapies, gene therapies, and immune vaccines. Finally, the current challenges and potential research directions for the clinical application of exosomes are also discussed. In conclusion, exosomes, as an emerging molecule that can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, combined with multidisciplinary innovative solutions, will play an important role in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xu
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Chaoyang Jiang
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Jing Xian
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Wenyan Guo
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Dan He
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChina National Nuclear Corporation 416 HospitalChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Daijun Zhou
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Dong Li
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
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2
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Zhu X, Heng Y, Zhang D, Tang D, Zhou J, Lin H, Ma J, Ding X, Tao L, Lu L. Prognostic significance and immune escape implication of tumor-infiltrating neutrophil plasticity in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Cell 2024; 37:714-728. [PMID: 38358636 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating neutrophils play a crucial role in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here, we aimed to statistically quantify the plasticity of HNSCC-infiltrating N2/N1 neutrophils and examine its impacts on survival and immune infiltration landscape. A retrospective study of 80 patients who underwent curative surgical resection for HNSCC between 2014 and 2017 was conducted in this study. HNSCC-infiltrating neutrophil phenotypes were classified using immunofluorescence staining, and the N2/N1 neutrophil plasticity was evaluated via the ratio of N2/N1 neutrophils. We then assessed the correlations between N2/N1 neutrophil plasticity, clinicopathological characteristics, and immune infiltration landscape using rigorous statistical methods. Infiltration variations of N1 and N2 neutrophils were observed between the tumor nest (TN) and tumor stroma (TS), with TN exhibiting higher N2 neutrophil infiltration and lower N1 neutrophil infiltration. High ratios of N2/N1 neutrophils were correlated with advanced TNM stage, large tumor size and invasion of adjacent tissue. High infiltration of N2 neutrophils was associated with decreased overall and relapse-free survival, which were opposite for N1 neutrophils. The independent prognostic role of N2/N1 neutrophil plasticity, particularly within the TN region, was confirmed by multivariate analyses. Moreover, the ratio of N2/N1 neutrophils within the TN region showed correlations with high CD8+ T cells infiltration and low FOXP3+ Tregs infiltration. We identify HNSCC-infiltrating N2/N1 neutrophil plasticity as a crucial prognostic indictor which potentially reflects the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune escape landscape within HNSCC tissues. Further investigations and validations may provide novel therapeutic strategies for personalized immunomodulation in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Heng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanqing Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuping Ding
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liming Lu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Padathpeedika Khalid J, Mary Martin T, Prathap L, Abhimanyu Nisargandha M, Boopathy N, Kishore Kumar MS. Exploring Tumor-Promoting Qualities of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Innovative Drug Discovery Strategies With Emphasis on Thymoquinone. Cureus 2024; 16:e53949. [PMID: 38468988 PMCID: PMC10925941 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor epithelial development and chemoresistance are highly promoted by the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is mostly made up of the cancer stroma. This is due to several causes. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) stand out among them as being essential for the promotion of tumors. Understanding the fibroblastic population within a single tumor is made more challenging by the undeniable heterogeneity within it, even though particular stromal alterations are still up for debate. Numerous chemical signals released by tumors improve the connections between heterotypic fibroblasts and CAFs, promoting the spread of cancer. It becomes essential to have a thorough understanding of this complex microenvironment to effectively prevent solid tumor growth. Important new insights into the role of CAFs in the TME have been revealed by recent studies. The objective of this review is to carefully investigate the relationship between CAFs in tumors and plant secondary metabolites, with a focus on thymoquinone (TQ). The literature published between 2010 and 2023 was searched in PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords such as TQ, TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts, mechanism of action, and flavonoids. The results showed a wealth of data substantiating the activity of plant secondary metabolites, particularly TQ's involvement in blocking CAF operations. Scrutinized research also clarified the wider effect of flavonoids on pathways related to cancer. The present study highlights the complex dynamics of the TME and emphasizes the critical role of CAFs. It also examines the possible interventions provided by secondary metabolites found in plants, with TQ playing a vital role in regulating CAF function based on recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabir Padathpeedika Khalid
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Taniya Mary Martin
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Lavanya Prathap
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Milind Abhimanyu Nisargandha
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Nisha Boopathy
- Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Meenakshi Sundaram Kishore Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Li K, Zeng X, Liu P, Zeng X, Lv J, Qiu S, Zhang P. The Role of Inflammation-Associated Factors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4301-4315. [PMID: 37791117 PMCID: PMC10544098 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s428358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which originates in the head or neck tissues, is characterized by high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Inflammation is important in HNSCC prognosis. Inflammatory cells and their secreted factors contribute to the various stages of HNSCC development through multiple mechanisms. In this review, the mechanisms through which inflammatory factors, signaling pathways, and cells contribute to the initiation and progression of HNSCC have been discussed in detail. Furthermore, the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of targeting inflammation in HNSCC has been discussed to gain new insights into improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Longgang Otorhinolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Longgang Otorhinolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Longgang Otorhinolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Longgang Otorhinolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Lv
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Qiu
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Longgang Otorhinolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Longgang Otorhinolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Tadokoro Y, Takeda D, Murakami A, Yatagai N, Saito I, Arimoto S, Kakei Y, Akashi M, Hasegawa T. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide application suppresses the expression of cancer-associated fibroblasts markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma xenograft mouse model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290357. [PMID: 37594996 PMCID: PMC10437783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). As CAFs promote tumor progression and hypoxia in the TME, regulating the conversion of normal fibroblasts (NFs) into CAFs is essential for improving the prognosis of patients with OSCC. We have previously reported the antitumor effects of transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) application in OSCC. However, the effects of reducing hypoxia in the TME remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether CO2 administration improves the TME by evaluating CAFs marker expression. Human OSCC cells (HSC-3) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) were coinjected subcutaneously into the dorsal region of mice. CO2 gas was applied twice a week for 3 weeks. The tumors were harvested six times after transcutaneous CO2 application. The expression of CAFs markers (α-SMA, FAP, PDPN, and TGF-β) were evaluated by using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining. The expression of α-SMA, FAP, PDPN, and TGF-β was significantly increased over time after co-injection. In the CO2-treated group, tumor growth was significantly suppressed after treatment initiation. In addition, the mRNA expression of these markers was significantly inhibited. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed a significant decrease in the protein expression of all CAFs markers in the CO2-treated group. We confirmed that transcutaneous CO2 application suppressed CAFs marker expression and tumor growth in OSCC xenograft mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tadokoro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
| | - Daisuke Takeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
| | - Aki Murakami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
| | - Nanae Yatagai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
| | - Izumi Saito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
| | - Satomi Arimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
| | - Yasumasa Kakei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
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Huang Q, Shen YJ, Hsueh CY, Zhang YF, Guo Y, Yuan XH, Hu CY, Li JY, Tao L, Gong HL, Zhang M, Zhou L. Tetraspanin CD63 reduces the progression and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via KRT1-mediated cell cycle arrest. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17711. [PMID: 37455999 PMCID: PMC10344705 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, fundamental questions about the mechanisms that enable or inhibit metastasis remain unanswered. Tetraspanin CD63 has been linked to tumor progression and metastasis. However, few studies have examined the role of CD63 in HNSCC. In this study, we discovered that CD63 levels were abnormally altered in HNSCC tissue compared to adjacent tissue (n = 69 pairs), and that this was linked to prognosis. Through functional in vitro and in vivo experiments, the roles of CD63 in HNSCC were confirmed. Overexpression of CD63 inhibited the progression and metastasis of HNSCC cells. Using mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we discovered that KRT1 could be a direct interacting partner of CD63. Furthermore, both CD63 and KRT1 expression was significantly decreased in metastatic tissue compared with primary tumor tissue (n = 13 pairs), suggesting that CD63 and KRT1 play a role in reducing the metastasis of HNSCC. In summary, we reveal a previously unrecognized role of CD63 in regulating KRT1-mediated cell cycle arrest in HNSCC cells, and our findings contribute to defining an important mechanism of HNSCC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu-Jie Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chi-Yao Hsueh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chun-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiao-Yu Li
- Department of Pediatric, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hong-Li Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai 200031, China
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Wang L, Yang J, Hu X, Wang S, Wang Y, Sun T, Wang D, Wang W, Ma H, Wang Y, Song K, Li W. A decellularized lung extracellular matrix/chondroitin sulfate/gelatin/chitosan-based 3D culture system shapes breast cancer lung metastasis. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 152:213500. [PMID: 37336011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Distal metastasis of breast cancer is a primary cause of death, and the lung is a common metastatic target of breast cancer. However, the role of the lung niche in promoting breast cancer progression is not well understood. Engineered three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models capable of bridging this knowledge gap can be specifically designed to mimic crucial characteristics of the lung niche in a more physiologically relevant context than conventional two-dimensional systems. In this study, two 3D culture systems were developed to mimic the late stage of breast cancer progression at a lung metastatic site. These 3D models were created based on a novel decellularized lung extracellular matrix/chondroitin sulfate/gelatin/chitosan composite material and on a porcine decellularized lung matrix (PDLM), with the former tailored with comparable properties (stiffness, pore size, biochemical composition, and microstructure) to that of the in vivo lung matrix. The different microstructure and stiffness of the two types of scaffolds yielded diverse presentations of MCF-7 cells in terms of cell distribution, cell morphology, and migration. Cells showed better extensions with apparent pseudopods and more homogeneous and reduced migration activity on the composite scaffold compared to those on the PDLM scaffold. Furthermore, alveolar-like structures with superior porous connectivity in the composite scaffold remarkably promoted aggressive cell proliferation and viability. In conclusion, a novel lung matrix-mimetic 3D in vitro breast cancer lung metastasis model was developed to clarify the underlying correlativity between lung ECM and breast cancer cells after lung colonization. A better understanding of the effects of biochemical and biophysical environments of the lung matrix on cell behaviors can help elucidate the potential mechanisms of breast cancer progression and further improve target discovery of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jianye Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xueyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuping Wang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tongyi Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Physical Education, School of Foundation Medical, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wenchi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Hailin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yingshuai Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Wenfang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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8
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Fan S, Poetsch A. Proteomic Research of Extracellular Vesicles in Clinical Biofluid. Proteomes 2023; 11:proteomes11020018. [PMID: 37218923 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), the lipid bilayer membranous structures of particles, are produced and released from almost all cells, including eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The versatility of EVs has been investigated in various pathologies, including development, coagulation, inflammation, immune response modulation, and cell-cell communication. Proteomics technologies have revolutionized EV studies by enabling high-throughput analysis of their biomolecules to deliver comprehensive identification and quantification with rich structural information (PTMs, proteoforms). Extensive research has highlighted variations in EV cargo depending on vesicle size, origin, disease, and other features. This fact has sparked activities to use EVs for diagnosis and treatment to ultimately achieve clinical translation with recent endeavors summarized and critically reviewed in this publication. Notably, successful application and translation require a constant improvement of methods for sample preparation and analysis and their standardization, both of which are areas of active research. This review summarizes the characteristics, isolation, and identification approaches for EVs and the recent advances in EVs for clinical biofluid analysis to gain novel knowledge by employing proteomics. In addition, the current and predicted future challenges and technical barriers are also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipan Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330021, China
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330021, China
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9
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Hu C, Zhang Y, Wu C, Huang Q. Heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: opportunities and challenges. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:124. [PMID: 37055382 PMCID: PMC10102018 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is among the most severe and complex malignant diseases with a high level of heterogeneity and, as a result, a wide range of therapeutic responses, regardless of clinical stage. Tumor progression depends on ongoing co-evolution and cross-talk with the tumor microenvironment (TME). In particular, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM), induce tumor growth and survival by interacting with tumor cells. Origin of CAFs is quite varied, and the activation patterns of CAFs are also heterogeneous. Crucially, the heterogeneity of CAFs appears to play a key role in ongoing tumor expansion, including facilitating proliferation, enhancing angiogenesis and invasion, and promoting therapy resistance, through the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other tumor-promotive molecules in the TME. This review describes the various origin and heterogeneous activation mechanisms of CAFs, and biological heterogeneity of CAFs in HNSCC is also included. Moreover, we have highlighted versatility of CAFs heterogeneity in HNSCC progression, and have discussed different tumor-promotive functions of CAFs respectively. In the future, it is a promising strategy for the therapy of HNSCC that specifically targeting tumor-promoting CAF subsets or the tumor-promoting functional targets of CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunping Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 200031, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 200031, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Wieder R. Fibroblasts as Turned Agents in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2014. [PMID: 37046676 PMCID: PMC10093070 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiated epithelial cells reside in the homeostatic microenvironment of the native organ stroma. The stroma supports their normal function, their G0 differentiated state, and their expansion/contraction through the various stages of the life cycle and physiologic functions of the host. When malignant transformation begins, the microenvironment tries to suppress and eliminate the transformed cells, while cancer cells, in turn, try to resist these suppressive efforts. The tumor microenvironment encompasses a large variety of cell types recruited by the tumor to perform different functions, among which fibroblasts are the most abundant. The dynamics of the mutual relationship change as the sides undertake an epic battle for control of the other. In the process, the cancer "wounds" the microenvironment through a variety of mechanisms and attracts distant mesenchymal stem cells to change their function from one attempting to suppress the cancer, to one that supports its growth, survival, and metastasis. Analogous reciprocal interactions occur as well between disseminated cancer cells and the metastatic microenvironment, where the microenvironment attempts to eliminate cancer cells or suppress their proliferation. However, the altered microenvironmental cells acquire novel characteristics that support malignant progression. Investigations have attempted to use these traits as targets of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wieder
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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11
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Fang Z, Meng Q, Xu J, Wang W, Zhang B, Liu J, Liang C, Hua J, Zhao Y, Yu X, Shi S. Signaling pathways in cancer-associated fibroblasts: recent advances and future perspectives. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 43:3-41. [PMID: 36424360 PMCID: PMC9859735 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in cancer initiation and progression. Well-known signaling pathways, including the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Hedgehog (Hh), Notch, Wnt, Hippo, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways, as well as transcription factors, including hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), P53, Snail, and Twist, constitute complex regulatory networks in the TME to modulate the formation, activation, heterogeneity, metabolic characteristics and malignant phenotype of CAFs. Activated CAFs remodel the TME and influence the malignant biological processes of cancer cells by altering the transcriptional and secretory characteristics, and this modulation partially depends on the regulation of signaling cascades. The results of preclinical and clinical trials indicated that therapies targeting signaling pathways in CAFs demonstrated promising efficacy but were also accompanied by some failures (e.g., NCT01130142 and NCT01064622). Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the signaling cascades in CAFs might help us better understand the roles of CAFs and the TME in cancer progression and may facilitate the development of more efficient and safer stroma-targeted cancer therapies. Here, we review recent advances in studies of signaling pathways in CAFs and briefly discuss some future perspectives on CAF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengli Fang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
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12
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Naito Y, Yoshioka Y, Ochiya T. Intercellular crosstalk between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts via extracellular vesicles. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:367. [PMID: 36424598 PMCID: PMC9686122 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression through direct contact and indirect interactions, such as via secretory molecules. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the principal components of such communication with cancer cells, modulating cancer metastasis and tumour mechanics and influencing angiogenesis, the immune system, and therapeutic resistance. Over the past few years, there has been a significant increase in research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) as regulatory agents in intercellular communication. EVs enable the transfer of functional molecules, including proteins, mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs), to recipient cells. Cancer cells utilize EVs to dictate the specific characteristics of CAFs within the tumour microenvironment, thereby promoting cancer progression. In response to such "education" by cancer cells, CAFs contribute to cancer progression via EVs. In this review, we summarize experimental data indicating the pivotal roles of EVs in intercellular communication between cancer cells and CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Naito
- grid.410821.e0000 0001 2173 8328Department of Bioregulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8602 Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- grid.410793.80000 0001 0663 3325Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023 Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- grid.410793.80000 0001 0663 3325Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023 Japan
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13
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Zhou Q, Liu S, Kou Y, Yang P, Liu H, Hasegawa T, Su R, Zhu G, Li M. ATP Promotes Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Invasion and Migration by Activating the PI3K/AKT Pathway via the P2Y2-Src-EGFR Axis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39760-39771. [PMID: 36385800 PMCID: PMC9648055 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the head and neck, and approximately 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). The purinergic P2Y2 receptor is upregulated in breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and liver cancer, but its role in OSCC is still unclear. Here, we examined the effects of P2Y2 on the invasion and migration of oral cancer cells (SCC15 and CAL27). The BALB/c mouse model was used to observe the involvement of P2Y2 with tumors in vivo. P2Y2, Src, and EGFR are highly expressed in OSCC tissues and cell lines. Stimulation with ATP significantly enhanced cell invasion and migration in oral cancer cells, and enhanced the activity of Src and EGFR protein kinases, which is mediated by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. P2Y2 knockdown attenuated the above ATP-driven events in vitro and in vivo. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was blocked by Src or EGFR inhibitor. Extracellular ATP activates the PI3K/AKT pathway through the P2Y2-Src-EGFR axis to promote OSCC invasion and migration, and thus, P2Y2 may be a potential novel target for antimetastasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Department
of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College
of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong
Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering
Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250100, China
- Center
of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department
of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College
of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong
Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering
Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250100, China
- Center
of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuying Kou
- Department
of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College
of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong
Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering
Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250100, China
- Center
of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department
of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College
of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong
Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering
Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250100, China
- Center
of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department
of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College
of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong
Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering
Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250100, China
- Center
of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Department
of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental
Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Rongjian Su
- College
of Basic Medicine of Jinzhou Medical University, Cell Biology and
Genetic Department of Jinzhou Medical University, Key Lab of Molecular
and Cellular Biology of the Education Department of Liaoning Province, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Guoxiong Zhu
- Department
of Stomatology, No.960 Hospital of PLA, No. 25 Shifan Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Minqi Li
- Department
of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College
of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong
Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering
Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250100, China
- Center
of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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14
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Huang Q, Shen YJ, Hsueh CY, Zhang YF, Yuan XH, Zhou YJ, Li JY, Lin L, Wu CP, Hu CY. Plasma Extracellular Vesicles-Derived miR-99a-5p: A Potential Biomarker to Predict Early Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610699. [PMID: 36330052 PMCID: PMC9622758 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the applicability of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) miR-99a-5p as a potential head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) diagnostic biomarker. Methods: The miRNA expression of HNSCC tissue and plasma EVs were profiled by small RNA sequencing. qRT-PCR was performed to detect miR-99a-5p expression in HNSCC (n = 93) and benign disease (n = 39) plasma EVs and formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue (n = 110). We constructed receiver-operating characteristic curves to investigate the diagnostic efficiency of plasma EVs miR-99a-5p. Results: Tumor tissue exhibited lower miR-99a-5p than para-tumor tissue. Patients with high miR-99a-5p expression exhibited significantly more p16 positive status. In contrast, HNSCC plasma EVs harbored more miR-99a-5p than the benign disease group. Plasma EVs miR-99a-5p distinguished HNSCC with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7494 (95% CI: 0.6692–0.8296; p < 0.0001), with 61.54% sensitivity and 75.27% specificity, respectively. Furthermore, plasma EVs miR-99a-5p also distinguished early HNSCC with AUC of 0.7394 (95% CI: 0.6284–0.8504; p = 0.0002), with 79.07% sensitivity and 61.54% specificity, respectively. Conclusion: Plasma EVs miR-99a-5p is a potential biomarker for predicting early HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Jie Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi-Yao Hsueh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Juan Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao-Yu Li
- Department of Pediatric, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lan Lin, ; Chun-Ping Wu, ; Chun-Yan Hu,
| | - Chun-Ping Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lan Lin, ; Chun-Ping Wu, ; Chun-Yan Hu,
| | - Chun-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lan Lin, ; Chun-Ping Wu, ; Chun-Yan Hu,
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15
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Exosomes and cancer - Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic vehicle. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:54. [PMID: 36109501 PMCID: PMC9477829 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractExosomes belong to a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles secreted by the dynamic multistep endocytosis process and carry diverse functional molecular cargoes, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids (DNA, messenger and noncoding RNA), and metabolites to promote intercellular communication. Proteins and noncoding RNA are among the most abundant contents in exosomes; they have biological functions and are selectively packaged into exosomes. Exosomes derived from tumor, stromal and immune cells contribute to the multiple stages of cancer progression as well as resistance to therapy. In this review, we will discuss the biogenesis of exosomes and their roles in cancer development. Since specific contents within exosomes originate from their cells of origin, this property allows exosomes to function as valuable biomarkers. We will also discuss the potential use of exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or predictors for different therapeutic strategies for multiple cancers. Furthermore, the applications of exosomes as direct therapeutic targets or engineered vehicles for drugs are an important field of exosome study. Better understanding of exosome biology may pave the way to promising exosome-based clinical applications.
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16
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Hsueh CY, Lau HC, Huang Q, Gong H, Sun J, Cao P, Hu C, Zhang M, Tao L, Zhou L. Fusobacterium nucleatum impairs DNA mismatch repair and stability in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer 2022; 128:3170-3184. [PMID: 35789992 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysbiosis of the laryngeal microbiota has been demonstrated to the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but the association of Fusobacterium and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) has not been investigated. METHODS The abundance of Fusobacterium and F. nucleatum, the status of deficient MMR (dMMR) and MSI, and MMR-related gene expression were analyzed in 171 HNSCC tissues, 61 paired para-tumor tissues, and 60 vocal cord polyp tissues. The molecular mechanism of F. nucleatum and MMR-related gene expression were investigated in two human HNSCC cell lines (Tu 686 and FD-LSC-1). RESULTS Our results demonstrated that a high Fusobacterium abundance was detected in the HNSCC tissues and was exaggerated in the recurrent patients. We further found that a high Fusobacterium abundance was detected in the HNSCC tissues with dMMR and MSI. The Fusobacterium abundance was negatively correlated with the expression of MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 in the HNSCC tissues. The Fusobacterium abundance was closely associated with the F. nucleatum abundance in the HNSCC tissues. F. nucleatum increased miR-205-5p expression to suppress MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 expression via the TLR4- and MYD88-dependent innate immune signaling pathway, resulting in dMMR, DNA damage, and cell proliferation in HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS F. nucleatum impacts HNSCC epigenetic changes in tissues with dMMR to promote DNA damage and cell proliferation by suppressing MMR-related gene expression via the TLR4/MYD88/miR-205-5p signaling pathway, which is valuable in the development of efficient strategies for HNSCC prevention and treatment. LAY SUMMARY This study clearly indicates that Fusobacterium induced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) aggressiveness to affect poor prognosis in HNSCC patients by epigenetic alteration of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and microsatellite instability. Moreover, the research has shown that Fusobacterium nucleatum ( F. nucleatum ) impacts HNSCC epigenetic changes in tissues with deficient MMR to promote DNA damage and cell proliferation by suppressing MMRrelated gene expression via the TLR4/MYD88/miR-205-5p signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yao Hsueh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ching Lau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengyu Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Hu C, Huang Q, Sun Q. The Regulation of Lymph Node Pre-Metastatic Niche Formation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:852611. [PMID: 35574333 PMCID: PMC9094482 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.852611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In many distinct forms of malignancies, there is a close relationship between lymph node (LN) metastases and further dissemination to distant organs, and this is a critical prognostic factor. At the beginning of the process, the original tumor secretes soluble substances or releases extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are carried through lymphatic channels to draining (sentinel) LN. The tumor-derived factors then drive LN remodeling. These significant alterations occur prior to the emergence of the first metastatic cell, bringing about the development of a pre-metastatic niche that allows metastatic cells to survive and thrive. In this review, we discuss current information available about the regulation of lymph node pre-metastatic niche in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and the role of EVs in forming the pre-metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Vokurka M, Lacina L, Brábek J, Kolář M, Ng YZ, Smetana K. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Influence the Biological Properties of Malignant Tumours via Paracrine Secretion and Exosome Production. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:964. [PMID: 35055153 PMCID: PMC8778626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an essential component of the tumour microenvironment. They represent a heterogeneous group of cells that are under the control of cancer cells and can reversely influence the cancer cell population. They affect the cancer cell differentiation status, and the migration and formation of metastases. This is achieved through the production of the extracellular matrix and numerous bioactive factors. IL-6 seems to play the central role in the communication of noncancerous and cancer cells in the tumour. This review outlines the role of exosomes in cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Available data on the exosomal cargo, which can significantly intensify interactions in the tumour, are summarised. The role of exosomes as mediators of the dialogue between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts is discussed together with their therapeutic relevance. The functional unity of the paracrine- and exosome-mediated communication of cancer cells with the tumour microenvironment represented by CAFs is worthy of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vokurka
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
| | - Lukáš Lacina
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
- BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
| | - Yi Zhen Ng
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL)—Biopolis, Skin Research Institute of Singapore, 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos Singapore, Singapore 138665, Singapore;
| | - Karel Smetana
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
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19
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Zhang YF, Huang Q, Huang HY, Ren HL, Zhou L. Identifying KRT20 as a Potential Key Gene in Lymphatic Metastasis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221107710. [PMID: 35815926 PMCID: PMC9340431 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was the
seventh most common cancer worldwide in 2018. Lymphatic metastasis (LM) is
closely related to HNSCC prognosis and recurrence. However, the underlying
mechanism of LM remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the key
genes in the LM of HNSCC. Methods: We used The Cancer Genome Atlas
(TCGA) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LM and non-LM
cases. A random forest model, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting
Genes, Cytoscape, and cytoHubba were used to identify hub genes among DEGs,
including KRT20 (Cytokeratins 20). We analyzed the survival of KRT20 in TCGA,
and we overexpressed KRT20 in HNSCC cell lines to investigate its effects on
migration and invasion. We also correlated the expression of KRT20 in HNSCC
tissue microarrays with survival and clinicopathological features.
Results: We identified 243 DEGs—143 upregulated genes and 100
downregulated genes. Further analysis revealed that KRT20 is a potential key
gene associated with LM and overall survival rates among patients with HNSCC.
Overexpression of KRT20 increased the migration and invasion ability of HNSCC
cell lines Tu686 and FD-LSC-1. Tissue microarray studies demonstrated an
overexpression of KRT20 among N1+ patients (including N1-N3 patients). Survival
analysis results and the clinicopathological features of HNSCC tissue
microarrays were consistent with our analysis of TCGA. Thus, a high KRT20
expression level might suggest an adverse HNSCC prognosis. Our gene set
enrichment analysis showed that KRT20 participates in many metabolic pathways,
including those related to tumorigenesis and cancer development.
Conclusions: We propose that KRT20 may be a key gene in HNSCC
with LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, 12478Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, 12478Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ying Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, 12478Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng-Lei Ren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, 12478Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, 12478Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Zhao C, Liu Y, Ju S, Wang X. Pan-Cancer Analysis of the N6-Methyladenosine Eraser FTO as a Potential Prognostic and Immunological Biomarker. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:7411-7422. [PMID: 34744452 PMCID: PMC8565892 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s331752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is a critical N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase that participates in tumorigenesis and is associated with the prognosis of patients in some cancers. However, the key roles of FTO in pan-cancer are still largely obscure. Methods FTO expression levels in pan-cancer were estimated via the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Univariate survival analysis was used to estimate the effects of FTO on prognosis. In addition, we used the Tumor Immune Evaluation Resource (TIMER) to assess the immune cell infiltration of FTO gene across cancers. The association of FTO expression with immune checkpoint genes expression, DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutation, DNA methyltransferases, microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutational burden (TMB) was investigated using Spearman’s correlation analysis. Moreover, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was utilized to identify critical pathways in cancers. The STRING website was used to reveal the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of FTO. Results FTO was aberrantly expressed across cancers and survival analysis demonstrated that its expression was associated with clinical prognosis of many cancer patients. Specifically, FTO expression was significantly associated with immune infiltrating cells in colon adenocarcinoma, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, and liver hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, FTO expression was significantly associated with immune checkpoint genes expression, MMR, DNA methyltransferases levels, TMB, and MSI in multiple cancers. Moreover, the GSEA unveiled that FTO was involved in the regulation of tumors and immune-related signaling pathways. In addition, several m6A related genes were implicated in the PPI network of FTO. Conclusion FTO was related to patients’ prognosis and tumor immune infiltrates in various cancers, and may serve as a novel and potential prognostic and immune biomarker in human pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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21
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Huang Q, Shen YJ, Hsueh CY, Guo Y, Zhang YF, Li JY, Zhou L. miR-17-5p drives G2/M-phase accumulation by directly targeting CCNG2 and is related to recurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1074. [PMID: 34598688 PMCID: PMC8487119 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human miR-17-92 polycistron is the first reported and most well-studied onco-miRNA with a cluster of seven miRNAs. miR-17-5p, a member of the miR-17-92 family, plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. However, few studies have shown the role of miR-17-5p in the cell cycle of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods RT-qPCR was used to detect miR-17-5p expression levels in 64 HNSCC tissues and 5 cell lines. The relationship between the expression of miR-17-5p in the tissues and the clinical characteristics of the patients was analyzed. HNSCC cells were transfected with an miR-17-5p mimic or inhibitor to evaluate cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry. Cell cycle distribution of cells transfected with target gene was evaluated using flow cytometry. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the regulatory effect of miR-17-5p on target gene expression. Results In the present study, we found that miR-17-5p expression in HNSCC tissues and cell lines was remarkably increased, and miR-17-5p is related to recurrence in HNSCC patients. Silencing miR-17-5p blocked HNSCC cells in G2/M phase, whereas its overexpression propelled cell cycle progression. More importantly, we verified that miR-17-5p negatively regulated CCNG2 mRNA and protein expression by directly targeting its 3’UTR. Conclusion These findings suggest that miR-17-5p might act as a tumor promoter and prognostic factor for recurrence in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu-Jie Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chi-Yao Hsueh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiao-Yu Li
- Department of Pediatric, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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