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The Normal, the Radiosensitive, and the Ataxic in the Era of Precision Radiotherapy: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246252. [PMID: 36551737 PMCID: PMC9776433 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: radiotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment. When delivering a tumoricidal dose, the risk of severe late toxicities is usually kept below 5% using dose-volume constraints. However, individual radiation sensitivity (iRS) is responsible (with other technical factors) for unexpected toxicities after exposure to a dose that induces no toxicity in the general population. Diagnosing iRS before radiotherapy could avoid unnecessary toxicities in patients with a grossly normal phenotype. Thus, we reviewed iRS diagnostic data and their impact on decision-making processes and the RT workflow; (2) Methods: following a description of radiation toxicities, we conducted a critical review of the current state of the knowledge on individual determinants of cellular/tissue radiation; (3) Results: tremendous advances in technology now allow minimally-invasive genomic, epigenetic and functional testing and a better understanding of iRS. Ongoing large translational studies implement various tests and enriched NTCP models designed to improve the prediction of toxicities. iRS testing could better support informed radiotherapy decisions for individuals with a normal phenotype who experience unusual toxicities. Ethics of medical decisions with an accurate prediction of personalized radiotherapy's risk/benefits and its health economics impact are at stake; (4) Conclusions: iRS testing represents a critical unmet need to design personalized radiotherapy protocols relying on extended NTCP models integrating iRS.
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Pernin V, Mégnin-Chanet F, Pennaneach V, Fourquet A, Kirova Y, Hall J. [PARP inhibitors and radiotherapy: rational and prospects for a clinical use]. Cancer Radiother 2014; 18:790-8; quiz 799-802. [PMID: 25441760 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a ubiquitous protein modification involved in the regulation of many cellular processes that is carried out by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family. The PARP-1, PARP-2 and PARP-3 are the only PARPs known to be activated by DNA damage. The absence of PARP-1 and PARP-2, that are both activated by DNA damage and participate in DNA damage repair processes, results in hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation and alkylating agents. PARP inhibitors that compete with NAD(+) at the enzyme's activity site can be used in BRCA-deficient cells as single agent therapies acting through the principle of synthetic lethality exploiting these cells deficient DNA double-strand break repair. Preclinical data showing an enhancement of the response of tumors to radiation has been documented for several PARP inhibitors. However, whether this is due exclusively to impaired DNA damage responses or whether tumor re-oxygenation contributes to this radio-sensitization via the vasoactive effects of the PARP inhibitors remains to be fully determined. These promising results have paved the way for the evaluation of PARP inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy in phase I and phase II clinical trials for malignant glioma, head and neck, and breast cancers. A number of challenges remain that are also reviewed in this article, including the optimization of treatment schedules for combined therapies and the validation of biomarkers that will identify which patients will most benefit from either PARP inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pernin
- Institut Curie, centre de recherche, bâtiment 110-112, centre universitaire d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France; Inserm U612, bâtiment 110-112, centre universitaire d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France; Département d'oncologie-radiothérapie, institut Curie, centre hospitalier, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - F Mégnin-Chanet
- Inserm U1030, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Cancer Campus Grand-Paris, institut Gustave-Roussy, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - V Pennaneach
- Institut Curie, centre de recherche, bâtiment 110-112, centre universitaire d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France; Inserm U612, bâtiment 110-112, centre universitaire d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Fourquet
- Département d'oncologie-radiothérapie, institut Curie, centre hospitalier, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Y Kirova
- Département d'oncologie-radiothérapie, institut Curie, centre hospitalier, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J Hall
- Institut Curie, centre de recherche, bâtiment 110-112, centre universitaire d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France; Inserm U612, bâtiment 110-112, centre universitaire d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
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Voyant C, Julian D, Roustit R, Biffi K, Lantieri C. Biological effects and equivalent doses in radiotherapy: A software solution. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2013; 19:47-55. [PMID: 24936319 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The limits of TDF (time, dose, and fractionation) and linear quadratic models have been known for a long time. Medical physicists and physicians are required to provide fast and reliable interpretations regarding delivered doses or any future prescriptions relating to treatment changes. AIM We, therefore, propose a calculation interface under the GNU license to be used for equivalent doses, biological doses, and normal tumor complication probability (Lyman model). MATERIALS AND METHODS THE METHODOLOGY USED DRAWS FROM SEVERAL SOURCES: the linear-quadratic-linear model of Astrahan, the repopulation effects of Dale, and the prediction of multi-fractionated treatments of Thames. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results are obtained from an algorithm that minimizes an ad-hoc cost function, and then compared to an equivalent dose computed using standard calculators in seven French radiotherapy centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Voyant
- University of Corsica, CNRS UMR SPE 6134, Campus Grimaldi, 20250 Corte, France ; Hospital of Castelluccio, Radiotherapy Unit, BP 85, 20177 Ajaccio, France
| | | | - Rudy Roustit
- Centre de la république, Radiotherapy Unit, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Katia Biffi
- Hospital of Castelluccio, Radiotherapy Unit, BP 85, 20177 Ajaccio, France
| | - Céline Lantieri
- Hospital of Castelluccio, Radiotherapy Unit, BP 85, 20177 Ajaccio, France
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Lacombe J, Riou O, Solassol J, Mangé A, Bourgier C, Fenoglietto P, Pèlegrin A, Ozsahin M, Azria D. [Intrinsic radiosensitivity: predictive assays that will change daily practice]. Cancer Radiother 2013; 17:337-43. [PMID: 23999252 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2013.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The impact of curative radiotherapy depends mainly on the total dose delivered homogenously in the targeted volume. Nevertheless, the dose delivered to the surrounding healthy tissues may reduce the therapeutic ratio of many radiation treatments. In a same population treated in one center with the same technique, it appears that individual radiosensitivity clearly exists, namely in terms of late side effects that are in principle non-reversible. This review details the different radiobiological approaches that have been developed to better understand the mechanisms of radiation-induced late effects. We also present the possibilities of clinical use of predictive assays in the close future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lacombe
- Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U896, avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Université Montpellier 1, avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France
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Lacombe J, Mange A, Azria D, Solassol J. Identification de marqueurs prédictifs de la réponse à la radiothérapie par approche protéomique. Cancer Radiother 2013; 17:62-9; quiz 70, 72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kintzinger C, Demoor-Goldschmidt C, Abderrahmani R, Paris F, Supiot S. Toxicité rectale de la radiothérapie : signes cliniques, physiopathologie et prise en charge. Cancer Radiother 2012; 16:372-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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[Double strand break repair, one mechanism can hide another: alternative non-homologous end joining]. Cancer Radiother 2011; 16:1-10. [PMID: 21737335 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks are major cytotoxic lesions encountered by the cells. They can be induced by ionizing radiation or endogenous stress and can lead to genetic instability. Two mechanisms compete for the repair of DNA double strand breaks: homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Homologous recombination requires DNA sequences homology and is initiated by single strand resection. Recently, advances have been made concerning the major steps and proteins involved in resection. NHEJ, in contrast, does not require sequence homology. The existence of a DNA double strand break repair mechanism, independent of KU and ligase IV, the key proteins of the canonical non homologous end joining pathway, has been revealed lately and named alternative non homologous end joining. The hallmarks of this highly mutagenic pathway are deletions at repair junctions and frequent use of distal microhomologies. This mechanism is also initiated by a single strand resection of the break. The aim of this review is firstly to present recent data on single strand resection, and secondly the alternative NHEJ pathway, including a discussion on the fidelity of NHEJ. Based on current knowledge, canonical NHEJ does not appear as an intrinsically mutagenic mechanism, but in contrast, as a conservative one. The structure of broken DNA ends actually dictates the quality repair of the alternative NHEJ and seems the actual responsible for the mutagenesis attributed beforehand to the canonical NHEJ. The existence of this novel DNA double strand breaks repair mechanism needs to be taken into account in the development of radiosensitizing strategies in order to optimise the efficiency of radiotherapy.
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