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Primary bulbo-medullary glioblastoma in a child: case report. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:2417-2421. [PMID: 31667535 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) of the spinal cord represents a rare entity in children and account for less than 1% of all central nervous system (CNS) cancers. Their biology, localization, and controversial treatment options have been discussed in a few pediatric cases. Here, we report a case of primary spinal cord glioblastoma in a 5-year-old girl having the particularity to be extended to the brainstem. This tumor has been revealed by torticollis and bilateral brachial paresis. The patient underwent subtotal resection; unfortunately, she died in reanimation 1 week later by severe pneumopathy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature reporting this particular localization in a child. Beyond their dismal prognosis, we discuss the rarity of the disease and describe the peculiar characteristics, management, and prognosis of this rare tumor in pediatric oncology. This case appears to be unusual for both the histological type and the extension to brain stern.
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Carey SS, Sadighi Z, Wu S, Chiang J, Robinson GW, Ghazwani Y, Liu APY, Acharya S, Merchant TE, Boop FA, Gajjar A, Qaddoumi I. Evaluating pediatric spinal low-grade gliomas: a 30-year retrospective analysis. J Neurooncol 2019; 145:519-529. [PMID: 31642023 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most pediatric spinal tumors are low-grade gliomas (LGGs). Characterization of these tumors has been difficult given their heterogeneity and rare incidence. The objective was to characterize such tumors diagnosed at our institution. METHODS Spinal tumors diagnosed in our pediatric patients between 1984 and 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographics, presentation, pathology, imaging, management, and sequelae were examined. RESULTS Forty patients had spinal LGG tumors, 24 (62%) of which were pilocytic astrocytomas. The most common initial presentations were pain (n = 15), partial extremity paralysis (n = 13), and ataxia (n = 11), with the diagnosis frequently delayed by months (median = 5.9 months, range 4 days-6.2 years). Twenty-nine patients had some tumor resection, and 8 required adjuvant therapy with chemotherapy (n = 4) or radiation (n = 4) post-resection. Ten other patients received only biopsy for histologic diagnosis, who were treated with chemotherapy (n = 4) or radiation (n = 5) post biopsy. Tumor progression was noted in 16 patients (2 after gross-total resection; 10, partial resection; and 4, biopsy). During the evaluation period, 3 patients died secondary to tumor progression. BRAF status could have shortened progression-free survival: patients with BRAFV600E mutations (n = 3) all experienced progression within 10 months. Long-term sequelae of the disease/treatment were mostly residual neurologic deficits (paresthesia, paralysis), chemotherapy-induced hearing loss, and scoliosis. CONCLUSIONS Spinal LGG is a rare entity with significant long-term effects. Although surgery is the most common initial treatment option, more in-depth analysis of molecular biomarkers may improve stratification and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Carey
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Zsila Sadighi
- Department of Neurology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shengjie Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jason Chiang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Giles W Robinson
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yahya Ghazwani
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anthony P Y Liu
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sahaja Acharya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thomas E Merchant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Frederick A Boop
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Le Bonheur Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Semmes Murphey Clinic, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ibrahim Qaddoumi
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Silencing lncRNA LOC101928963 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Spinal Cord Glioma Cells by Binding to PMAIP1. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:485-495. [PMID: 31670198 PMCID: PMC6838552 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely highlighted due to their involvement in various types of cancers, including glioma; however, the exact mechanism and function by which they operate in regard to spinal cord glioma remain poorly understood. LOC101928963 was screened out for its differential expression in spinal cord glioma by microarray analysis. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the modulatory effects of LOC101928963 on spinal cord glioma by binding to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 (PMAIP1). The expression of LOC101928963 and LOC101928963 was characterized in spinal cord glioma tissues, and their interaction was examined by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Cells with LOC101928963 that exhibited elevated or suppressed levels of PMAIP1 were established to substantiate the mechanism between LOC101928963 and PMAIP1. qRT-PCR and western blot methods were subsequently applied to determine the expression of cell-proliferation- and apoptosis-related genes in response to the alterations of LOC101928963 and PMAIP1. Glioma cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Decreased cell apoptosis and PMAIP1 expression, as well as overexpressed LOC101928963, were exhibited among spinal cord glioma tissues. LOC101928963 overexpression was observed to promote cell proliferation and cell-cycle entry and inhibit the process of apoptosis. PMAIP1, a target of LOC101928963, displayed a downregulated level following the elevation of LOC101928963. The present results strongly emphasize the neutralization effect of PMAIP1 overexpression on spinal cord glioma progression induced by the overexpression of LOC101928963. The data obtained during the study highlighted the inhibitory role of LOC101928963 silencing in spinal cord glioma through the increase in PMAIP1, which suggests a potential target in the treatment of spinal cord glioma.
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