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Waheed S, Li Z, Zhang F, Chiarini A, Armato U, Wu J. Engineering nano-drug biointerface to overcome biological barriers toward precision drug delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:395. [PMID: 36045386 PMCID: PMC9428887 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of nanomedicine and nanoparticle (NP) materials presents novel solutions potentially capable of revolutionizing health care by improving efficacy, bioavailability, drug targeting, and safety. NPs are intriguing when considering medical applications because of their essential and unique qualities, including a significantly higher surface to mass ratio, quantum properties, and the potential to adsorb and transport drugs and other compounds. However, NPs must overcome or navigate several biological barriers of the human body to successfully deliver drugs at precise locations. Engineering the drug carrier biointerface can help overcome the main biological barriers and optimize the drug delivery in a more personalized manner. This review discusses the significant heterogeneous biological delivery barriers and how biointerface engineering can promote drug carriers to prevail over hurdles and navigate in a more personalized manner, thus ushering in the era of Precision Medicine. We also summarize the nanomedicines' current advantages and disadvantages in drug administration, from natural/synthetic sources to clinical applications. Additionally, we explore the innovative NP designs used in both non-personalized and customized applications as well as how they can attain a precise therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saquib Waheed
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Fangyingnan Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Anna Chiarini
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics & Gynaecology, University of Verona Medical School, 37134, Verona, Venetia, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Armato
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics & Gynaecology, University of Verona Medical School, 37134, Verona, Venetia, Italy
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics & Gynaecology, University of Verona Medical School, 37134, Verona, Venetia, Italy.
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Mehra NK, Palakurthi S. Interactions between carbon nanotubes and bioactives: a drug delivery perspective. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:585-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sajid MI, Jamshaid U, Jamshaid T, Zafar N, Fessi H, Elaissari A. Carbon nanotubes from synthesis to in vivo biomedical applications. Int J Pharm 2016; 501:278-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rastian Z, Khodadadi AA, Guo Z, Vahabzadeh F, Mortazavi Y. Plasma Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Immobilization of Candida antarctica Lipase B: Production of Biodiesel from Methanolysis of Rapeseed Oil. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:974-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Validating the anticancer potential of carbon nanotube-based therapeutics through cell line testing. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:1049-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Discovery of fullerenes and other nanosized carbon allotropes has opened a vast new field of possibilities in nanotechnology and has become one of the most promising research areas. Carbon nanomaterials have drawn interest as carriers of biologically pertinent molecules due to their distinctive physical, chemical and physiological properties. We have assigned the nomenclature “Carbon Nanotropes” to the nanosized carbon allotropes. Carbon nanotropes such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphenes, have exhibited wide applicability in drug delivery, owing to their small size and biological activity. The nanotherapeutics/diagnostics will allow a deeper understanding of human ills including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, genetic disorders and various other complications. Recently, nanomaterials with multiple functions, such as drug carrier, MRI, optical imaging, photothermal therapy, etc., have become more and more popular in the domain of cancer and other areas of research. This review is an endeavor to bring together the usefulness of the carbon nanomaterials in the field of drug delivery. The last section of the review encompasses the recent patents granted on carbon nanotropes at United State Patent Trademark Office (USPTO) in the related field.
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Battigelli A, Ménard-Moyon C, Da Ros T, Prato M, Bianco A. Endowing carbon nanotubes with biological and biomedical properties by chemical modifications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1899-920. [PMID: 23856410 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The scope of nanotechnology is gaining importance in biology and medicine. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a promising tool due to their unique properties, high specific surface area, and capacity to cross biological barriers. These properties offer a variety of opportunities for applications in nanomedicine, such as diagnosis, disease treatment, imaging, and tissue engineering. Nevertheless, pristine CNTs are insoluble in water and in most organic solvents; thereby functionalization of their surface is necessary to increase biocompatibility. Derivatization of CNTs also gives the possibility to conjugate different biological and bioactive molecules including drugs, proteins, and targeting ligands. This review focuses on the chemical modifications of CNTs that have been developed to impart specific properties for biological and medical purposes. Biomolecules can be covalently grafted or non-covalently adsorbed on the nanotube surface. In addition, the inner core of CNTs can be exploited to encapsulate drugs, nanoparticles, or radioactive elements.
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Deriving TC50 values of nanoparticles from electrochemical monitoring of lactate dehydrogenase activity indirectly. Methods Mol Biol 2013. [PMID: 22975960 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-002-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Nanotoxicity assessment methods for nanoparticles (NPs) such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nano-Al(2)O(3), and tridecameric aluminum polycation or nanopolynuclear (nano-Al(13)), particularly lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays are reviewed. Our researches on electrochemically monitoring the variations of LDH activity indirectly in the presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), nano-Al(13), and nano-Al(2)O(3) separately to derive toxic concentrations of NPs altering LDH activity by 50% (TC(50)) values are discussed. TC(50) values indicated that the toxicity order was Al (III)> MWCNTs > nano-Al(13) > nano-Al(2)O(3). Zeta potentials (ζ) data of these NPs in the literature proved that the surfaces of these NPs are charged negatively. Negatively charged surfaces might be a main cause in the reduction of LDH activity. Therefore, the classic LDH assays are doubtful to underestimate the nanotoxicities when they are applied to those NPs with negatively charged surfaces. These observations highlight and reconcile some contradictory results at present such as medium-dependent toxicity of NPs among the literature and develop novel analytical methods for evaluation of toxicities of NPs.
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Kesharwani P, Ghanghoria R, Jain NK. Carbon nanotube exploration in cancer cell lines. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:1023-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhang F, Wang N, Kong J, Dai J, Chang F, Feng G, Bi S. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes decrease lactate dehydrogenase activity in enzymatic reaction. Bioelectrochemistry 2011; 82:74-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shen CX, Zhang QF, Li J, Bi FC, Yao N. Induction of programmed cell death in Arabidopsis and rice by single-wall carbon nanotubes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2010; 97:1602-9. [PMID: 21616795 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have many unique structural and mechanical properties. Their potential applications, especially in biomedical engineering and medical chemistry, have been increasing in recent years, but the toxicological impact of nanoparticles has rarely been studied in plants. • METHODS We exposed Arabidopsis and rice leaf protoplasts to SWCNTs and examined cell viability, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species generation, and related gene expression. We also tested the effects of nanoparticles on Arabidopsis leaves after injecting a SWCNT solution. EM-TUNEL (electron-microscopic terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling) and a cerium chloride staining method were used. • KEY RESULTS SWCNTs caused adverse cellular responses including cell aggregation, chromatin condensation along with a TUNEL-positive reaction, plasma membrane deposition, and H(2)O(2) accumulation. The effect of SWCNTs on the survival of cells was dose dependent, with 25 μg/mL inducing 25% cell death in 6 h. In contrast, activated carbon, which is not a nano-sized carbon particle, did not induce cell death even 24 h after treatments. The data indicated that the nano-size of the particle is a critical factor for toxicity. Moreover, endocytosis-like structures with cerium chloride deposits formed after SWCNT treatment, suggesting a possible pathway for nanoparticles to traverse the cell membrane. • CONCLUSIONS Consequently, SWCNTs have an adverse effect on protoplasts and leaves through oxidative stress, leading to a certain amount of programmed cell death. Although nanomaterials have great advantages in many respects, the benefits and side effects still need to be assessed carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Xiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
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Lee Y, Geckeler KE. Carbon nanotubes in the biological interphase: the relevance of noncovalence. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:4076-4083. [PMID: 20717986 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing interest in the biological applications of carbon nanotubes, their interactions in the biological interphase and their general cytotoxicity have become major issues. In spite of their salient properties, major hurdles still exist for their use in biological applications, due to their main characteristics, including their hydrophobic surfaces and tendency to aggregate, as well as their unknown interactions in the cellular interphase. In this Research News, these characteristics of carbon nanotubes, a model nanomaterial, are investigated. Thus, the cytotoxicity of carbon nanotubes, the influence of functionalization, as well as their interactions with different mammalian cell lines are studied. Moreover, suggestions for the improvement of their biocompatibility and the design of biocompatible carbon nanotube-based systems are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonju Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
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Al‐Jamal KT, Toma FM, Yilmazer A, Ali‐Boucetta H, Nunes A, Herrero M, Tian B, Eddaoudi A, Al‐Jamal W, Bianco A, Prato M, Kostarelos K. Enhanced cellular internalization and gene silencing with a series of cationic dendron‐multiwalled carbon nanotube:siRNA complexes. FASEB J 2010; 24:4354-65. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-141036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khuloud T. Al‐Jamal
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Francesca M. Toma
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Acelya Yilmazer
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Hanene Ali‐Boucetta
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Antonio Nunes
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Maria‐Antonia Herrero
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Trieste Trieste Italy
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de QuímicaUniversidad de Castilla‐La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Bowen Tian
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Ayad Eddaoudi
- Flow Cytometry Core FacilityUniversity College LondonInstitute of Child Health London UK
| | - Wafa'T. Al‐Jamal
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Alberto Bianco
- Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueInstitut de Biologie Moleculaire et CellulaireUPR 9021 Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques Strasbourg France
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
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Karousis N, Tagmatarchis N, Tasis D. Current Progress on the Chemical Modification of Carbon Nanotubes. Chem Rev 2010; 110:5366-97. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100018g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1038] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Karousis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece
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CAI SY, KONG JL. Advance in Research on Carbon Nanotubes as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agents for Tumor. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(08)60125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jain AK, Dubey V, Mehra NK, Lodhi N, Nahar M, Mishra DK, Jain NK. Carbohydrate-conjugated multiwalled carbon nanotubes: development and characterization. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 5:432-42. [PMID: 19341818 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This work presents a novel cascade of chemical functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) through chemical modification by a carbohydrate, D-galactose. Galactose-conjugated or galactosylated MWCNTs were synthesized involving the sequential steps of carboxylation, acylation, amine modification, and finally, galactose conjugation. The modification of MWCNTs with galactose was investigated by elemental analysis, x-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements, at every sequential step of functionalization. Size and surface characteristics of chemically modified MWCNTs were monitored by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. That galactosylation improved the dispersibility of MWCNTs in aqueous solvents was confirmed by investigation of their dispersion characteristics at different pH values. Thus, the galactosylated MWCNTs as developed could be used for delivery of different bioactive(s) as well as active ligand (galactose)-based targeting to hepatic tissue. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This work presents a novel cascade of functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) through chemical modification by a carbohydrate. Galactosylation improves the dispersibility of MWCNTs in aqueous solvents. The galactosylated MWCNTs could be used for delivery of different bioactive(s) as well as active ligand-based targeting to hepatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Jain
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Pastorin G. Crucial functionalizations of carbon nanotubes for improved drug delivery: a valuable option? Pharm Res 2009; 26:746-69. [PMID: 19142717 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amidst the myriad of drug delivery systems able to enhance delivery, absorption and intracellular uptake of a bioactive molecule while protecting it from deactivation, Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a recent and promising option especially in cancer therapy. This is mainly due to their unique properties, which render them extremely versatile through the incorporation of several functional groups and targeting molecules at the same time, while their natural shape allows them to selectively penetrate across biological barriers in a non-invasive way. In this expert review we aim to evaluate whether this innovative material, once chemically-modified with suitable functionalizations, can be considered as a valuable system in comparison to the already existing nanodevices. This will include the estimation of the most recent advances in the field of nanotechnology, together with a cautious evaluation of potential risks and hazards associated with the extensive use of this fascinating, but still unknown, nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Block S4, #03-02c, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Kharisov BI, Kharissova OV, Leija Gutierrez H, Ortiz Méndez U. Recent Advances on the Soluble Carbon Nanotubes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie800694f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bianco A, Kostarelos K, Prato M. Opportunities and challenges of carbon-based nanomaterials for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5:331-42. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.5.3.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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