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Özen İ, Bahtiyari Mİ, Haji A, Islam SU, Wang X. Properties of galactomannans and their textile-related applications-A concise review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:1001-1014. [PMID: 36464192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Galactomannans are reserve carbohydrates in legume plants and are primarily extracted from their seeds. They contain galactose side chains throughout the mannose backbone and have unique features such as emulsifying, thickening, and gelling together with biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, which make them an appealing material. Guar gum and locust bean gum mainly are used in all galactomannan needed applications. Nonetheless, tara gum and fenugreek gum have also attracted considerable attention in recent decades. Despite the increased usage of galactomannans in the textile-related fields in recent years, there is no review article published yet. To fill this gap and to demonstrate the striking and increasing importance of galactomannans, a concise summary of the properties of common galactomannans and their comparisons is given first, followed by an account of recent developments and applications of galactomannans in the textile-related fields. The associated potential opportunities are also provided at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlhan Özen
- Department of Textile Engineering, Erciyes University, Melikgazi Kayseri, Türkiye; Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | | | - Aminoddin Haji
- Department of Textile Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Shahid Ul Islam
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Xungai Wang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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2
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Passos AAC, Lovera M, Bastos MDSR, Maciel JDS, Sombra VG, Braga RC, Monteiro Moreira ACDO, Moreira RDA. Low‐viscosity dietary fiber production by enzymatic hydrolysis of galactomannan from
Caesalpinia pulcherrima
seeds: Optimization and physicochemical characterization. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mighay Lovera
- Instituto de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela
| | | | - Jeanny da Silva Maciel
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil
| | | | - Renata Chastinet Braga
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará Limoeiro do Norte Brazil
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3
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Tao Y, Ma J, Huang C, Lai C, Ling Z, Yong Q. Effects of the Hofmeister anion series salts on the rheological properties of Sesbania cannabina galactomannan. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:350-358. [PMID: 34389383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sesbania cannabina galactomannan (2%) solutions added with strongly hydrated ions (Na2CO3, NaH2PO4, NaCl) and weakly hydrated ions (NaNO3) at different ionic strengths were rheologically characterized. The four selected salts dramatically decreased the intrinsic viscosity of galactomannan solution in the following order of effectiveness: Na2CO3 < NaH2PO4 < NaCl < NaNO3. This conforms effectively to the Hofmeister anion series. Moreover, salt addition increased the viscosity of galactomannan solution when the ionic strength was 1 mmol/kg, which related to an increased occurrence of intermolecular interactions. As increasing ionic strength, galactomannan chains may tend to contract or expand due to the presence of strongly or weakly hydrated ions, thereby decreasing the viscosity. These phenomena were demonstrated by zeta potential measurement and again observed in dynamic viscoelasticity measurement. Overall, this property can be used to manipulate the rheological properties of galactomannan in food gums to obtain gums of high quality for enhancing consumer goods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Tao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmei Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Carvalho R, Pedrosa C, Leal A, Palermo L, Mansur C. Extraction, characterization and rheological behavior of galactomannans in high salinity and temperature conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2021.1930748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa Carvalho
- Laboratório de Macromoléculas e Colóides na Indústria de Petróleo, Instituto de Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais-PEMM/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Macromoléculas e Colóides na Indústria de Petróleo, Instituto de Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alyce Leal
- Laboratório de Macromoléculas e Colóides na Indústria de Petróleo, Instituto de Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Palermo
- Laboratório de Macromoléculas e Colóides na Indústria de Petróleo, Instituto de Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Mansur
- Laboratório de Macromoléculas e Colóides na Indústria de Petróleo, Instituto de Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais-PEMM/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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5
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Selvasekaran P, Mahalakshmi, Roshini F, Angalene LA, Chandini, Sunil T, Chidambaram R. Fungal Exopolysaccharides: Production and Biotechnological Industrial Applications in Food and Allied Sectors. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68260-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Isolation, physical, structural characterization and in vitro prebiotic activity of a galactomannan extracted from endosperm splits of Chinese Sesbania cannabina seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1217-1226. [PMID: 32574735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the physical and structural characterization of the water-soluble galactomannan extracted from endosperm splits of Chinese S. cannabina seeds. The Sesbania galactomannan (SP) was extracted and purified using a novel method with a high yield (40.3 ± 7.2%). The molecular structure of SP was determined by monosaccharide composition, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The structural data showed that SP was galactomannan which composed by a β-(1/4)-linked mannose backbone with galactopyranosyl residues attached through α-(1/6) linkages. The constant mannose/galactose (M/G) ratio and average molecular weight (Mw) of SP was 1.6:1 and 2.16 × 105 g/mol, respectively. The physical results revealed that SP had many branches on the backbone and existed as a random coil state in aqueous solution. SP was a good biopolymer which had smooth and clearer surface with homogeneous composition, and had some degree of crystallinity and prebiotic activity. As a consequence, SP could be a potential prebiotic and was expected to be suitable for applications in food, pharmaceutical, biomedical or cosmetic industries as a promising new biomaterial.
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Jamir K, Badithi N, Venumadhav K, Seshagirirao K. Characterization and comparative studies of galactomannans from Bauhinia vahlii, Delonix elata, and Peltophorum pterocarpum. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:498-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Isolation and characterization of galactomannans from Prosopis affinis as potential gum substitutes. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Structure and conformation characterization of galactomannan from seeds of Cassia obtusifolia. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Mendes FR, Bastos MS, Mendes LG, Silva AR, Sousa FD, Monteiro-Moreira AC, Cheng HN, Biswas A, Moreira RA. Preparation and evaluation of hemicellulose films and their blends. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Gillet S, Aguedo M, Petrut R, Olive G, Anastas P, Blecker C, Richel A. Structure impact of two galactomannan fractions on their viscosity properties in dilute solution, unperturbed state and gel state. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:550-559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Lima AT, Santos MN, de Souza LA, Pinheiro TS, Paiva AA, Dore CM, Costa MS, Santos ND, Baseia YG, Araújo RM, Leite EL. Chemical characteristics of a heteropolysaccharide from Tylopilus ballouii mushroom and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 144:400-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Albuquerque PB, Silva CS, Soares PA, Barros W, Correia MT, Coelho LC, Teixeira JA, Carneiro-da-Cunha MG. Investigating a galactomannan gel obtained from Cassia grandis seeds as immobilizing matrix for Cramoll lectin. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:454-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Guo R, Cao N, Wu Y, Wu J. Optimized extraction and molecular characterization of polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:231-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Merlini L, Boccia AC, Mendichi R, Galante YM. Enzymatic and chemical oxidation of polygalactomannans from the seeds of a few species of leguminous plants and characterization of the oxidized products. J Biotechnol 2015; 198:31-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Influence of the extraction time on macromolecular parameters of galactomannans. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 116:200-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Abbastabar B, Azizi MH, Adnani A, Abbasi S. Determining and modeling rheological characteristics of quince seed gum. Food Hydrocoll 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Hussain M, Bakalis S, Gouseti O, Zahoor T, Anjum FM, Shahid M. Dynamic and shear stress rheological properties of guar galactomannans and its hydrolyzed derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:687-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Pollard MA, Fischer P. Semi-dilute galactomannan solutions: observations on viscosity scaling behavior of guar gum. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:464107. [PMID: 25347591 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/46/464107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Based on experimental work involving evaluation of viscosity enhancement of aqueous solutions by high molecular weight guar gum, we have observed that the shear viscosity scaling exponent b for semi-dilute solutions, ηsp ~ (c[η])(b), is sensitive to molecular weight, being approximately 4.7 for native samples and decreasing progressively as Mw is lowered. The critical overlap parameter demarcating the dilute and semi-dilute regimes also depends on the molecular weight as (c[η])* ~Mw(-0.82). Consequently, viscosity-concentration plots fail to achieve overlap using only specific viscosity and overlap concentration as reducing variables, a commonly accepted empiricism for random-coil polysaccharides. To bridge the gap, we propose to account for water solubility, its temperature dependence and the resulting chain flexibility as additional factors to fully describe the solution behavior of these highly-important raw materials.
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Albuquerque PBS, Barros W, Santos GRC, Correia MTS, Mourão PAS, Teixeira JA, Carneiro-da-Cunha MG. Characterization and rheological study of the galactomannan extracted from seeds of Cassia grandis. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 104:127-34. [PMID: 24607169 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Galactomannan extracted from seeds of Cassia grandis with 0.1M NaCl, followed by ethanol precipitation, presented a yield of 36 ± 8%. The polysaccharide has a constant mannose/galactose ratio (2.44:1). Methylation analysis, one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopy confirmed that the polysaccharide has a central core composed of 4-linked β-mannose units, with branches of galactose, linked to the carbohydrate core through α(1-6) linkage. The amorphous nature of the galactomannan was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Rheological characterization exhibited Newtonian plateaus followed by shear-thinning zones characteristic of polymer solutions up to 1.5% (w/v) and above this value the system exhibited yield stress associated with a weak gel. Adjusting stress-strain curves confirmed a 1.6% (w/v) as the galactomannan concentration value for the sol-gel transition. These results indicate that the galactomannan extracted from C. grandis seeds presents rheological characteristics suitable for applications in pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla B S Albuquerque
- Departamento de Bioquímica/Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami-LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenue Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife CEP: 50.670-420, PE, Brazil
| | - Wilson Barros
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenue prof. Luiz Freire s/n, Recife CEP 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R C Santos
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria T S Correia
- Departamento de Bioquímica/Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami-LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenue Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife CEP: 50.670-420, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo A S Mourão
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José A Teixeira
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Maria G Carneiro-da-Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica/Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami-LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenue Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife CEP: 50.670-420, PE, Brazil.
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Chung C, Degner B, McClements DJ. Designing reduced-fat food emulsions: Locust bean gum–fat droplet interactions. Food Hydrocoll 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Thombre NA, Gide PS. Rheological characterization of galactomannans extracted from seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:547-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Blibech M, Maktouf S, Chaari F, Zouari S, Neifar M, Besbes S, Ellouze-Ghorbel R. Functionality of galactomannan extracted from Tunisian carob seed in bread dough. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-0966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Bento JF, Mazzaro I, de Almeida Silva LM, de Azevedo Moreira R, Ferreira MLC, Reicher F, de Oliveira Petkowicz CL. Diverse patterns of cell wall mannan/galactomannan occurrence in seeds of the Leguminosae. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:192-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Yang R, Wang H, Jing N, Ding C, Suo Y, You J. Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Seed Oil Obtained by Supercritical CO2 Extraction. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-012-2123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Simões J, Nunes FM, Domingues MR, Coimbra MA. Demonstration of the presence of acetylation and arabinose branching as structural features of locust bean gum galactomannans. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Castignolles P, Gaborieau M. Viscosimetric detection in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC/GPC): The Goldwasser method and beyond. J Sep Sci 2011; 33:3564-70. [PMID: 20972971 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC or GPC) is the most widely used separation method to characterize polymers. The high level of complexity of most polymeric materials necessitates the use of not only concentration-sensitive detection but also structure-sensitive detection. Viscometry is usually used in conjunction with a concentration-sensitive detector and universal calibration to determine molecular weights of polymers. Goldwasser proposed to use a viscometer as a single detector to determine number-average molecular weights, M(n) (ACS Symposium Series, 521, 143). The method is particularly of interest when concentration-sensitive detection is not available, because the sample is isorefractive or not UV-absorbing, or because composition is not constant (copolymers). It has known very little applications so far. It actually does not only allow determining M(n), but also the number hydrodynamic volume distribution. This opens a wider range of applications for the Goldwasser method. Size-exclusion chromatography only yields inaccurate molecular weight distributions for some complex branched polymers. Hydrodynamic volume distributions have then a strong potential for comparative studies owing to their far higher accuracy. Our experimental tests highlight the fact that the method is highly sensitive to noise and careful optimization of the injection concentration is needed, but number distribution can be obtained as well as M(n).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Castignolles
- School of Natural Sciences, Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), University of Western Sydney, Australia.
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30
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Characterization of galactomannans derived from legume endosperms of genus Sesbania (Faboideae). Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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