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Liao G, Sun E, Kana EBG, Huang H, Sanusi IA, Qu P, Jin H, Liu J, Shuai L. Renewable hemicellulose-based materials for value-added applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 341:122351. [PMID: 38876719 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The importance of renewable resources and environmentally friendly materials has grown globally in recent time. Hemicellulose is renewable lignocellulosic materials that have been the subject of substantial valorisation research. Due to its distinctive benefits, including its wide availability, low cost, renewability, biodegradability, simplicity of chemical modification, etc., it has attracted increasing interest in a number of value-added fields. In this review, a systematic summarizes of the structure, extraction method, and characterization technique for hemicellulose-based materials was carried out. Also, their most current developments in a variety of value-added adsorbents, biomedical, energy-related, 3D-printed materials, sensors, food packaging applications were discussed. Additionally, the most recent challenges and prospects of hemicellulose-based materials are emphasized and examined in-depth. It is anticipated that in the near future, persistent scientific efforts will enable the renewable hemicellulose-based products to achieve practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Liao
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Enhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg Campus), Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - E B Gueguim Kana
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg Campus), Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Hongying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Isaac A Sanusi
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg Campus), Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Ping Qu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hongmei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Li Shuai
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China..
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Yan S, Lin Z, Cui K, Zang H, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Liu D. Investigation of the Structural Properties and Antioxidant Potency of Pectic Polysaccharides Derived from Rohdea japonica (Thunb.) Roth. Molecules 2024; 29:4135. [PMID: 39274983 PMCID: PMC11397244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the structural composition and antioxidant properties of pectic polysaccharides extracted from Rohdea japonica (Thunb.) Roth. Pectins, which belong to a complex category of acidic polysaccharides, possess a wide range of biological effects stemming from their distinctive structural domains. The polysaccharides were extracted using water, and were subsequently purified through ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. In order to elucidate their structural features, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance techniques were applied. Two specific polysaccharides, WRJP-A2a and WRJP-A3b, with molecular weights of 42.7 kDa and 64.1 kDa, respectively, were identified to contain varying proportions of homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I, and rhamnogalacturonan II domains. Regarding antioxidant capacity, WRJP-A3b exhibited superior scavenging capabilities against DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals, potentially attributed to its higher galacturonic acid content and abundance of homogalacturonan domains. These results enhance our comprehension of the structure-activity interplay of pectic polysaccharides sourced from Rohdea japonica (Thunb.) Roth and their potential utility in the healthcare and functional food sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Zhiying Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Kuo Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hao Zang
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Duo Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
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Ionin VA, Malyar YN, Borovkova VS, Zimonin DV, Gulieva RM, Fetisova OY. Inherited Structure Properties of Larch Arabinogalactan Affected via the TEMPO/NaBr/NaOCl Oxidative System. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1458. [PMID: 38891405 PMCID: PMC11175108 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Arabinogalactan (AG), extracted from larch wood, is a β-1,3-galactan backbone and β-1,6-galactan side chains with attached α-1-arabinofuranosyl and β-1-arabinopyranosyl residues. Although the structural characteristics of arabinogalactan II type have already been studied, its functionalization using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidation remains a promising avenue. In this study, the oxidation of AG, a neutral polysaccharide, was carried out using the TEMPO/NaBr/NaOCl system, resulting in polyuronides with improved functional properties. The oxidation of AG was controlled by analyzing portions of the reaction mixture using spectrophotometric and titration methods. To determine the effect of the TEMPO/NaBr/NaOCl system, air-dried samples of native and oxidized AG were studied by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, as well as by gel permeation chromatography. Compounds that model free (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) and hydroxyl radicals (iron(II) sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, and salicylic acid) were used to study the antioxidant properties. It was found that, in oxidized forms of AG, the content of carboxyl groups increases by 0.61 mmol compared to native AG. The transformation of oxidized AG into the H+ form using a strong acid cation exchanger leads to an increase in the number of active carboxyl groups to 0.76 mmol. Using FTIR spectroscopy, characteristic absorption bands (1742, 1639, and 1403 cm-1) were established, indicating the occurrence of oxidative processes with a subsequent reduction in the carboxyl group. The functionality of AG was also confirmed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), which is reflected in an increase in molecular weights (up to 15,700 g/mol). A study of the antioxidant properties of the oxidized and protonated forms of AG show that the obtained antioxidant activity (AOA) values are generally characteristic of polyuronic acids. Therefore, the TEMPO oxidation of AG and other neutral polysaccharides can be considered a promising approach for obtaining compounds with the necessary controlled characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav A. Ionin
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (V.A.I.); (V.S.B.); (D.V.Z.); (R.M.G.); (O.Y.F.)
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Siberian Federal University, Pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Yuriy N. Malyar
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (V.A.I.); (V.S.B.); (D.V.Z.); (R.M.G.); (O.Y.F.)
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Siberian Federal University, Pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Valentina S. Borovkova
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (V.A.I.); (V.S.B.); (D.V.Z.); (R.M.G.); (O.Y.F.)
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Siberian Federal University, Pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Dmitriy V. Zimonin
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (V.A.I.); (V.S.B.); (D.V.Z.); (R.M.G.); (O.Y.F.)
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Siberian Federal University, Pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Roksana M. Gulieva
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (V.A.I.); (V.S.B.); (D.V.Z.); (R.M.G.); (O.Y.F.)
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Siberian Federal University, Pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Olga Yu. Fetisova
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (V.A.I.); (V.S.B.); (D.V.Z.); (R.M.G.); (O.Y.F.)
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Huang W, Xie Y, Guo T, Dai W, Nan L, Wang Q, Liu Y, Lan W, Wang Z, Huang L, Gong G. A new perspective on structural characterisation and immunomodulatory activity of arabinogalactan in Larix kaempferi from Qinling Mountains. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130859. [PMID: 38490389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, crude polysaccharide (LAG-C) and homogeneous arabinogalactan (LAG-W) were isolated from Qinling Larix kaempferi of Shaanxi Province. Bioactivity assays showed that LAG-W and LAG-C enhanced the phagocytic ability, NO secretion, acid phosphatase activity, and cytokine production (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) of RAW264.7 macrophages. Notably, LAG-W exhibited a significantly stronger immunomodulatory effect than LAG-C. The primary structure of LAG-W was characterised by chemical methods (monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and alkali treatment) and spectroscopic techniques (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance). LAG-W was identified as a 22.08 kilodaltons (kDa) neutral polysaccharide composed of arabinose and galactose at a 1:7.5 molar ratio. Its backbone consisted of repeated →3)-β-Galp-(1→ residues. Side chains, connected at the O-6 position, were mainly composed of T-β-Galp-(1→ and T-β-Galp-(1→6)-β-Galp-(1→ residues. And it also contained small amounts of T-β-Arap-(1→, T-α-Araf-(1→6)-β-Galp-(1→6)-β-Galp-(1→, and T-α-Araf-(1→3)-α-Araf-(1→6)-β-Galp-(1→ residues. By structurally and functionally characterising L. kaempferi polysaccharides, this study opens the way for the valorisation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yutao Xie
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Tongyi Guo
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Linhua Nan
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenxian Lan
- The Core Facility Centre of CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Guiping Gong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Khutsishvili SS, Perfileva AI, Kon'kova TV, Lobanova NA, Sadykov EK, Sukhov BG. Copper-Containing Bionanocomposites Based on Natural Raw Arabinogalactan as Effective Vegetation Stimulators and Agents against Phytopathogens. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:716. [PMID: 38475399 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel copper-containing bionanocomposites based on the natural raw arabinogalactan have been obtained as universal effective agents against phytopathogen Clavibacter sepedonicus and development stimulants of agricultural plants. Thus, the use of such nanosystems offers a solution to the tasks set in biotechnology while maintaining high environmental standards using non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable natural biopolymers. The physicochemical characteristics of nanocomposites were determined using a number of analytical methods (elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopic parameters of electron paramagnetic resonance, UV-visible, etc.). The results of the study under the influence of the nanocomposites on the germination of soybean seeds (Glycine max L.) and the vegetation of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) showed the best results in terms of biometric indicators. It is especially worth noting the pronounced influence of the nanocomposite on the development of the root system, and the increase in the mass of the potato root system reached 19%. It is also worth noting that the nanocomposites showed a stimulating effect on the antioxidant system and did not have a negative effect on the content of pigments in potato tissues. Moreover, the resulting bionanocomposite showed a pronounced antibacterial effect against the phytopathogenic bacterium. During the co-incubation of phytopathogen Clavibacter sepedonicus in the presence of the nanocomposite, the number of cells in the bacterial suspension decreased by up to 40% compared to that in the control, and a 10% decrease in the dehydrogenase activity of cells was also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spartak S Khutsishvili
- Rafael Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 11 Mindeli St., 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Alla I Perfileva
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Kon'kova
- Laboratory of Nanoparticles, V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya A Lobanova
- Laboratory of Unsaturated Heteroatomic Compounds, A. E. Favorky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy K Sadykov
- Laboratory of Metal-Organic Coordination Polymers, A. V. Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Boris G Sukhov
- Laboratory of Nanoparticles, V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Yan S, Liu X, Wang Y, Yang X, Bai L, Sun L, Zhou Y, Cui S. Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharides from Veronica peregrina L. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1217862. [PMID: 37457979 PMCID: PMC10345500 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1217862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pectins are a class of acidic polysaccharides with complex structures. Different pectin molecules are composed of different domains, which have an important impact on their biological activity. Objective This study aimed to determine the structural features and the antioxidant activities of the pectic polysaccharides isolated from Veronica peregrina L. Methods The polysaccharide was isolated from Veronica peregrina L by water extraction and fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. The structure features of the pectic polysaccharides were determined by Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The antioxidant activities was evaluated by the DPPH, OH and ABTS radical scavenging ability. Results WVPP-A2b and WVPP-A3b, with molecular weights of 48.7 × 104 and 77.6 × 104 kDa, respectively, contained homogalacturonan (HG), rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), and rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) domains with a mass ratio of 2.08:2.64:1.00 and 3.87:4.65:1:00, respectively. The RG-I domain contained an arabinogalactan II backbone and arabinans consisting of t-Araf, (1→5)-α-Araf, and (1→3,5)-α-Araf. WVPP-A3b also contained short chains consisting of the [t-Araf-(1→5)-α-Araf-(1→] structural unit. WVPP-A3b showed stronger ability to scavenge DPPH, hydroxyl, and ABTS radicals, which was potentially associated with its high content of galacturonic acid and presence of the HG domain. Conclusion The results provide information for enhancing knowledge of the structureactivity relationship of pectic polysaccharides from V. peregrina and their potential application in the healthcare food field.
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Sasaki Y, Yanagita M, Hashiguchi M, Horigome A, Xiao JZ, Odamaki T, Kitahara K, Fujita K. Assimilation of arabinogalactan side chains with novel 3- O-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-α-L-arabinofuranosidase in Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:12. [PMID: 38047276 PMCID: PMC10688797 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Dietary plant fibers affect gut microbiota composition; however, the underlying microbial degradation pathways are not fully understood. We previously discovered 3-O-α-D-galactosyl-α-L-arabinofuranosidase (GAfase), a glycoside hydrolase family 39 enzyme involved in the assimilation of side chains of arabinogalactan protein (AGP), from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum (B. longum) JCM7052. Although GAfase homologs are not highly prevalent in the Bifidobacterium genus, several Bifidobacterium strains possess the homologs. To explore the differences in substrate specificity among the homologs, a homolog of B. longum GAfase in Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum MCC10289 (MCC10289_0425) was characterized. Methods: Gum arabic, larch, wheat AGP, and sugar beet arabinan were used to determine the substrate specificity of the MCC10289_0425 protein. An amino acid replacement was introduced into GAfase to identify a critical residue that governs the differentiation of substrate specificity. The growth of several Bifidobacterium strains on β-L-arabinopyranosyl disaccharide and larch AGP was examined. Results: MCC10289_0425 was identified to be an unprecedented 3-O-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-α-L-arabinofuranosidase (AAfase) with low GAfase activity. A single amino acid replacement (Asn119 to Tyr) at the catalytic site converted GAfase into AAfase. AAfase releases sugar source from AGP, thereby allowing B. pseudocatenulatum growth. Conclusion: Bifidobacteria have evolved several homologous enzymes with overlapping but distinct substrate specificities depending on the species. They have acquired different fitness abilities to respond to diverse plant polysaccharide structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sasaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Makoto Yanagita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Mimika Hashiguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ayako Horigome
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Kanefumi Kitahara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Fujita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Hemicellulose: Structure, Chemical Modification, and Application. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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Larix Sibirica Arabinogalactan Hydrolysis over Zr-SBA-15; Depolymerization Insight. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248756. [PMID: 36557889 PMCID: PMC9788004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan depolymerization over solid Zr-containing SBA-15-based catalyst was studied via HPLC, GPC, and theoretical modeling. Arabinogalactans (AG) are hemicelluloses mainly present in larch wood species, which can be extracted on an industrial scale. The application of solid acid catalysts in the processes of hemicellulose conversion can exclude serious drawbacks such as equipment corrosion, etc. Characterization of 5%Zr-SBA-15 confirmed the successful formation of the mesoporous structure inherent to SBA-15 with fine Zr distribution and strong acidic properties (XRD, XPS, FTIR, pHpzc). Carrying out the process at 130 °C allowed us to achieve total products yield of up to 59 wt%, which is represented mainly by galactose (51 wt%) and minor (less than 9 wt%) presence of arabinose, furfural, 5-HMF, and levulinic acid. The temperature increases up to 150 °C resulted in a total product yield drop down to 37 wt%, making temperature elevation above 130 °C obsolete. According to the theoretical investigations, arabinogalactan depolymerization follows the primary cleavage of the β(1→3) bonds between the D-galactose units of the main chain, which is also confirmed by GPC.
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Cloning, Expression, Purification and Characterization of the β-galactosidase PoβGal35A from Penicillium oxalicum. Mol Biotechnol 2022:10.1007/s12033-022-00620-y. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Zhou T, Hu Y, Yan X, Cui J, Wang Y, Luo F, Yuan Y, Yu Z, Zhou Y. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Exo-β-1,3-Galactanase from Penicillium oxalicum sp. 68. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1064-1071. [PMID: 35879293 PMCID: PMC9628948 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2204.04012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arabinogalactans have diverse biological properties and can be used as pharmaceutical agents. Most arabinogalactans are composed of β-(1→3)-galactan, so it is particularly important to identify β-1,3-galactanases that can selectively degrade them. In this study, a novel exo-β-1,3-galactanase, named PoGal3, was screened from Penicillium oxalicum sp. 68, and hetero-expressed in P. pastoris GS115 as a soluble protein. PoGal3 belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) and has a 1,356-bp gene length that encodes 451 amino acids residues. To study the enzymatic properties and substrate selectivity of PoGal3, β-1,3-galactan (AG-P-I) from larch wood arabinogalactan (LWAG) was prepared and characterized by HPLC and NMR. Using AG-P-I as substrate, purified PoGal3 exhibited an optimal pH of 5.0 and temperature of 40°C. We also discovered that Zn2+ had the strongest promoting effect on enzyme activity, increasing it by 28.6%. Substrate specificity suggests that PoGal3 functions as an exo-β-1,3-galactanase, with its greatest catalytic activity observed on AG-P-I. Hydrolytic products of AG-P-I are mainly composed of galactose and β-1,6-galactobiose. In addition, PoGal3 can catalyze hydrolysis of LWAG to produce galacto-oligomers. PoGal3 is the first enzyme identified as an exo-β-1,3-galactanase that can be used in building glycan blocks of crucial glycoconjugates to assess their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yanbo Hu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Chang Chun University, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xuecui Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cui
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun Jilin province, P.R. China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Feng Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxiang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China,Corresponding authors Y. Zhou Phone/Fax: +86-431-85098212 E-mail:
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, P.R. China,
Z. Yu Phone: +86-431-85098212 Fax: +86-431-85098212 E-mail:
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12
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A glycoprotein from mountain cultivated ginseng: Insights into their chemical characteristics and intracellular antioxidant activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:761-774. [PMID: 35817242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A glycoprotein (MGP2) from mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) was purified by Tris-HCl extraction followed by DEAE-52 ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. The approximate molecular weight (27.0 kDa) and monomeric nature were determined by reduced and non-reduced SDS-PAGE. The structure of MGP2 was characterized by a practical and reliable "protein-polysaccharide analyzed by spectroscopy combined with chemical analysis" strategy. The results showed that MGP2 belonged to Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) which contained high amount of Glc (35.1 %). The hemagglutination test concluded that MGP2 was not a lectin. In addition, the MGP2 exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging radical capacity tests and the ability to protect human erythrocytes and RAW264.7 cells from oxidative damage induced by AAPH. Therefore, these results suggested that glycoprotein MGP2 could be used as a natural antioxidant in drug and food industry.
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Kazachenko AS, Vasilieva NY, Malyar YN, Karacharov AA, Kondrasenko AA, Levdanskiy AV, Borovkova VS, Miroshnikova AV, Issaoui N, Kazachenko AS, Al-Dossary O, Wojcik MJ. Sulfation of arabinogalactan with ammonium sulfamate. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13399-021-02250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Mechanism of cooperative degradation of gum arabic arabinogalactan protein by Bifidobacterium longum surface enzymes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0218721. [PMID: 35108084 PMCID: PMC8939339 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02187-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gum arabic is an arabinogalactan protein (AGP) that is effective as a prebiotic for the growth of bifidobacteria in the human intestine. We recently identified a key enzyme in the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 39, 3-O-α-d-galactosyl-α-l-arabinofuranosidase (GAfase), for the assimilation of gum arabic AGP in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum. The enzyme released α-d-Galp-(1→3)-l-Ara and β-l-Arap-(1→3)-l-Ara from gum arabic AGP and facilitated the action of other enzymes for degrading the AGP backbone and modified sugar. In this study, we identified an α-l-arabinofuranosidase (BlArafE; encoded by BLLJ_1850), a multidomain enzyme with both GH43_22 and GH43_34 catalytic domains, as a critical enzyme for the degradation of modified α-l-arabinofuranosides in gum arabic AGP. Site-directed mutagenesis approaches revealed that the α1,3/α1,4-Araf double-substituted gum arabic AGP side chain was initially degraded by the GH43_22 domain and subsequently cleaved by the GH43_34 domain to release α1,3-Araf and α1,4-Araf residues, respectively. Furthermore, we revealed that a tetrasaccharide, α-l-Rhap-(1→4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→6)-d-Gal, was a limited degradative oligosaccharide in the gum arabic AGP fermentation of B. longum subsp. longum JCM7052. The oligosaccharide was produced from gum arabic AGP by the cooperative action of the three cell surface-anchoring enzymes, GAfase, exo-β1,3-galactanase (Bl1,3Gal), and BlArafE, on B. longum subsp. longum JCM7052. Furthermore, the tetrasaccharide was utilized by the commensal bacteria. IMPORTANCE Terminal galactose residues of the side chain of gum arabic arabinogalactan protein (AGP) are mainly substituted by α1,3/α1,4-linked Araf and β1,6-linked α-l-Rhap-(1→4)-β-d-GlcpA residues. This study found a multidomain BlArafE with GH43_22 and GH43_34 catalytic domains showing cooperative action for degrading α1,3/α1,4-linked Araf of the side chain of gum arabic AGP. In particular, the GH43_34 domain of BlArafE was a novel α-l-arabinofuranosidase for cleaving the α1,4-Araf linkage of terminal galactose. α-l-Rhap-(1→4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→6)-d-Gal tetrasaccharide was released from gum arabic AGP by the cooperative action of GAfase, GH43_24 exo-β-1,3-galactanase (Bl1,3Gal), and BlArafE and remained after B. longum subsp. longum JCM7052 culture. Furthermore, in vitro assimilation test of the remaining oligosaccharide using Bacteroides species revealed that cross-feeding may occur from bifidobacteria to other taxonomic groups in the gut.
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Immunomodulatory potential of polysaccharides derived from plants and microbes: A narrative review. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Chen J, Ren Y, Liu W, Wang T, Chen F, Ling Z, Yong Q. All-natural and biocompatible cellulose nanocrystals films with tunable supramolecular structure. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1324-1331. [PMID: 34742850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, nanocomposites films were prepared via the facile casting method by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with arabinogalactan (AG), galactomannan (GM) or konjac glucomannan (KGM) respectively. The introduced polysaccharides maintained the transparency of CNCs films and promoted the UV blocking properties. In addition, mechanical strength of the nanocomposite films was greatly improved after the combination of polysaccharides. The interactions of hydroxyl-abundant macromolecules, smoother and tighter morphological structures, as well as the disturbed crystal structure were proved to be responsible for the improved properties. Hydrophilic lattice planes of cellulose crystallites were determined to interact with polysaccharides resulting in lower crystallite sizes and crystallinity. The cell culture assay revealed that the films had no cytotoxicity and presented a satisfactory cytocompatibility, because of the polysaccharides from plant cell walls introduced into the films. Therefore, the biocompatible nanocomposites films can be tuned by the addition of polysaccharides, which show great potentials for materials modification in optical, packaging and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuxuan Ren
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wanying Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Feier Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Li S, Hu J, Yao H, Geng F, Nie S. Interaction between four galactans with different structural characteristics and gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-11. [PMID: 34669541 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1992605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota played a key role in maintaining and regulating host health. Gut microbiota composition could be altered by daily diet and related nutrients. Diet polysaccharide, an important dietary nutrient, was one kind of biological macromolecules linked by the glycosidic bonds. Galactans were widely used in foods due to their gelling, thickening and stabilizing properties. Recently, effects of different galactans on gut microbiota have attracted much attention. This review described the structural characteristics of 4 kinds of galactans, including porphyran, agarose, carrageenan, and arabinogalactan, along with the effects of different galactans on gut microbiota and production of short-chain fatty acids. The ability of gut microbiota to utilize galactans with different structural characteristics and related degradation mechanism were also summarized. All these four galactans could be used by gut Bacteroides. Besides, the porphyran could be utilized by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, while the arabinogalactan could be utilized by Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Roseburia. Four galactans with significant difference in molecular weight/degree of polymerization, glycosidic linkage, esterification, branching and monosaccharide composition required gut microbes which could utilize them have corresponding genes encoding the corresponding enzymes for decomposition. This review could help to understand the relationship between galactans with different structural characteristics and gut microbiota, and provide information for potential use of galactans as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang China
| | - Haoyingye Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang China
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Levdansky AV, Vasilyeva NY, Kondrasenko AA, Levdansky VA, Malyar YN, Kazachenko AS, Kuznetsov BN. Sulfation of arabinogalactan with sulfamic acid under homogeneous conditions in dimethylsulfoxide medium. WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1725-1744. [PMID: 34690380 PMCID: PMC8527290 DOI: 10.1007/s00226-021-01341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sulfation of larch wood arabinogalactan (AG) with sulfamic acid in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) medium in the presence of urea was studied for the first time. The use of DMSO as a solvent instead of more toxic 1,4-dioxane allows to sulfate AG under homogeneous conditions. The sulfated AG with a high sulfur content (12.0-12.5 wt %) was produced by sulfation at a temperature of 85-90 °C, the molar ratio of AG / sulfating agent equal to 1:0.85 during 2-3 h. The introduction of sulfate groups into the structure of arabinogalactan was confirmed by the appearance of new absorption bands in FTIR and FT Raman spectra, characteristic for the vibrations of the sulfate groups. It was proved by 13C NMR spectroscopy that the predominant substitution of the primary hydroxyl groups at C6 carbon atoms of the terminal galactose units of main and side chains of arabinogalactan takes place. Simultaneously, the hydroxyl groups associated with C2 and C4 carbon atoms of galactose unit of the main chain are only partially sulfated. According to results of GPC study, the sulfated AG is characterized by a narrow molecular weight distribution with an average molecular weight of 18.8 kDa and a polydispersity of 1.3. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00226-021-01341-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Levdansky
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, Akademgorodok, 50-24, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660036
| | - N. Yu. Vasilyeva
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, Akademgorodok, 50-24, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660036
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny prospect, 79, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660041
| | - A. A. Kondrasenko
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, Akademgorodok, 50-24, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660036
| | - V. A. Levdansky
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, Akademgorodok, 50-24, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660036
| | - Yu. N. Malyar
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, Akademgorodok, 50-24, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660036
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny prospect, 79, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660041
| | - A. S. Kazachenko
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, Akademgorodok, 50-24, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660036
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny prospect, 79, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660041
| | - B. N. Kuznetsov
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, Akademgorodok, 50-24, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660036
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny prospect, 79, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660041
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Modification of Arabinogalactan Isolated from Larix sibirica Ledeb. into Sulfated Derivatives with the Controlled Molecular Weights. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175364. [PMID: 34500801 PMCID: PMC8434177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of sulfation of arabinogalactan—a natural polysaccharide from Larix sibirica Ledeb.—with sulfamic acid in 1,4-dioxane using different activators has been studied for the first time. The dynamics of the molecular weight of sulfated arabinogalactan upon variation in the temperature and time of sulfation of arabinogalactan with sulfamic acid in 1,4-dioxane has been investigated. It has been found that, as the sulfation time increases from 10 to 90 min, the molecular weights of the reaction products grow due to the introduction of sulfate groups without significant destruction of the initial polymer and sulfation products. Sulfation at 95 °C for 20 min yields the products with a higher molecular weight than in the case of sulfation at 85 °C, which is related to an increase in the sulfation rate; however, during the further process occurring under these conditions, sulfation is accompanied by the destruction and the molecular weight of the sulfated polymer decreases. The numerical optimization of arabinogalactan sulfation process has been performed. It has been shown that the optimal parameters for obtaining a product with a high sulfur content are a sulfamic acid amount of 20 mmol per 1 g of arabinogalactan, a process temperature of 85 °C, and a process time of 2.5 h.
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Captive Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) Are Colonized throughout Their Lives by a Community of Bifidobacterium Species with Species-Specific Genomic Content That Can Support Adaptation to Distinct Metabolic Niches. mBio 2021; 12:e0115321. [PMID: 34340536 PMCID: PMC8406136 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01153-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is an omnivorous New World primate whose diet in the wild includes large amounts of fruit, seeds, flowers, and a variety of lizards and invertebrates. Marmosets also feed heavily on tree gums and exudates, and they have evolved unique morphological and anatomical characteristics to facilitate gum feeding (gummivory). In this study, we characterized the fecal microbiomes of adult and infant animals from a captive population of common marmosets at the Callitrichid Research Center at the University of Nebraska at Omaha under their normal dietary and environmental conditions. The microbiomes of adult animals were dominated by species of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Phascolarctobacterium, Megamonas, and Megasphaera. Culturing and genomic analysis of the Bifidobacterium populations from adult animals identified four known marmoset-associated species (B. reuteri, B. aesculapii, B. myosotis, and B. hapali) and three unclassified taxa of Bifidobacterium that are phylogenetically distinct. Species-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmed that these same species of Bifidobacterium are abundant members of the microbiome throughout the lives of the animals. Genomic loci in each Bifidobacterium species encode enzymes to support growth and major marmoset milk oligosaccharides during breastfeeding; however, metabolic islands that can support growth on complex polysaccharide substrates in the diets of captive adults (pectin, xyloglucan, and xylan), including loci in B. aesculapii that can support its unique ability to grow on arabinogalactan-rich tree gums, were species-specific.
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Gaff M, Čekovská H, Bouček J, Kačíková D, Kubovský I, Tribulová T, Zhang L, Marino S, Kačík F. Flammability Characteristics of Thermally Modified Meranti Wood Treated with Natural and Synthetic Fire Retardants. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132160. [PMID: 34208934 PMCID: PMC8272185 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper deals with the effect of synthetic and natural flame retardants on flammability characteristics and chemical changes in thermally treated meranti wood (Shorea spp.). The basic chemical composition (extractives, lignin, holocellulose, cellulose, and hemicelluloses) was evaluated to clarify the relationships of temperature modifications (160 °C, 180 °C, and 210 °C) and incineration for 600 s. Weight loss, burning speed, the maximum burning rate, and the time to reach the maximum burning rate were evaluated. Relationships between flammable properties and chemical changes in thermally modified wood were evaluated with the Spearman correlation. The thermal modification did not confirm a positive contribution to the flammability and combustion properties of meranti wood. The effect of the synthetic retardant on all combustion properties was significantly higher compared to that of the natural retardant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Gaff
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, Praha 6—Suchdol, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.Č.); (J.B.); (T.T.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hana Čekovská
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, Praha 6—Suchdol, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.Č.); (J.B.); (T.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Jiří Bouček
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, Praha 6—Suchdol, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.Č.); (J.B.); (T.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Danica Kačíková
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G.Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia; (D.K.); (I.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Ivan Kubovský
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G.Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia; (D.K.); (I.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Tereza Tribulová
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, Praha 6—Suchdol, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.Č.); (J.B.); (T.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Lingfeng Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China;
| | - Salvio Marino
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, Praha 6—Suchdol, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.Č.); (J.B.); (T.T.); (S.M.)
| | - František Kačík
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G.Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia; (D.K.); (I.K.); (F.K.)
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Wang M, Yu W, Shen L, Zheng H, Guo X, Zhong J, Hu T. Conjugation of haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA with arabinogalactan to increase its stability. J Biotechnol 2021; 335:47-54. [PMID: 34118331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA can catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of carbonhalogen bonds, along with production of the corresponding alcohol, a proton and a halide. However, DhaA suffers from poor environmental tolerance, such as sensitivity to high temperature, low pH and hypersaline. Arabinogalactan (AG) is a hydrophilic polysaccharide with highly branched long chains. DhaA was conjugated with AG to improve the environmental stability of DhaA in the present study. Each DhaA was averagely conjugated with 4∼5 AG molecules. Conjugation of AG essentially maintained the enzymatic activity of DhaA (91.4 %) without apparent structural alteration. The hydration layer formed by AG could reduce the solvent accessible area of DhaA and slow the protonation process, thereby improving the pH and high salt stability of DhaA. In particular, the remaining activities of the conjugate (AG-DhaA) were 35.3 % after treatment at pH4.0 for 1 h, and 80.8 % in 1 M NaCl after treatment for 16 h. As compared with DhaA, AG-DhaA showed slightly different kinetic parameters (K M of 1.90 μmol/L and k cat of 2.60 s -1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Weili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - He Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Xuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing, 102205, China.
| | - Jinyi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing, 102205, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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23
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Li S, Zhang B, Hu J, Zhong Y, Sun Y, Nie S. Utilization of four galactans by
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
A4 based on transcriptome. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Baojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Yadong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Yonggan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University Nanchang China
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Arabinogalactan-proteins from non-coniferous gymnosperms have unusual structural features. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117831. [PMID: 33766335 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), important signalling molecules of the plant cell wall, are structurally extensively investigated in angiosperms, but information on AGPs in gymnosperms is still limited. We characterized AGPs from the gymnosperms Ginkgo biloba, Ephedra distachya, Encephalartos longifolius and Cycas revoluta. The protein contents are comparable to that of angiosperm AGPs. Hydroxyproline is the site of linking the carbohydrate part and was detected in all AGPs with highest concentration in Cycas AGP (1.1 % of the AGP). Interestingly, with the exception of Cycas, all AGPs contained the monosaccharide 3-O-methylrhamnose not present in angiosperm polysaccharides. The carbohydrate moieties of Cycas and Ephredra showed the main components 1,3,6-linked galactose and terminal arabinose typical of angiosperm AGPs, whereas that of Ginkgo AGP was unique with 1,4-linked galactose as dominant structural element. Bioinformatic search for glycosyltransferases in Ginkgo genome also revealed a lower number of galactosyltransferases responsible for biosynthesis of the 1,3-Gal/1,6-Gal AGP backbone.
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Saeidy S, Petera B, Pierre G, Fenoradosoa TA, Djomdi D, Michaud P, Delattre C. Plants arabinogalactans: From structures to physico-chemical and biological properties. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107771. [PMID: 33992708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactans (AGs) are plant heteropolysaccharides with complex structures occasionally attached to proteins (AGPs). AGs in cell matrix of different parts of plant are freely available or chemically bound to pectin rhamnogalactan. Type I with predominantly β-d-(1 → 4)-galactan and type II with β-d-(1 → 3) and/or (1 → 6)-galactan structural backbones construct the two main groups of AGs. In the current review, the chemical structure of AGs is firstly discussed focusing on non-traditional plant sources and not including well known industrial gums. After that, processes for their extraction and purification are considered and finally their techno-functional and biological properties are highlighted. The role of AG structure and function on health advantages such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-ulcer- anti-diabetic and other activites and also the immunomodulatory effects on in-vivo model systems are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saeidy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - B Petera
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Antsiranana, BP O 201 Antsiranana, Madagascar; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - T A Fenoradosoa
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Antsiranana, BP O 201 Antsiranana, Madagascar
| | - Djomdi Djomdi
- Department of Renewable Energy, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua, University of Maroua, Cameroon
| | - P Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - C Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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Sasaki Y, Horigome A, Odamaki T, Xiao JZ, Ishiwata A, Ito Y, Kitahara K, Fujita K. Novel 3- O-α-d-Galactosyl-α-l-Arabinofuranosidase for the Assimilation of Gum Arabic Arabinogalactan Protein in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e02690-20. [PMID: 33674431 PMCID: PMC8117759 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02690-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gum arabic arabinogalactan (AG) protein (AGP) is a unique dietary fiber that is degraded and assimilated by only specific strains of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum Here, we identified a novel 3-O-α-d-galactosyl-α-l-arabinofuranosidase (GAfase) from B. longum JCM7052 and classified it into glycoside hydrolase family 39 (GH39). GAfase released α-d-Galp-(1→3)-l-Ara and β-l-Arap-(1→3)-l-Ara from gum arabic AGP and β-l-Arap-(1→3)-l-Ara from larch AGP, and the α-d-Galp-(1→3)-l-Ara release activity was found to be 594-fold higher than that of β-l-Arap-(1→3)-l-Ara. The GAfase gene was part of a gene cluster that included genes encoding a GH36 α-galactosidase candidate and ABC transporters for the assimilation of the released α-d-Galp-(1→3)-l-Ara in B. longum Notably, when α-d-Galp-(1→3)-l-Ara was removed from gum arabic AGP, it was assimilated by both B. longum JCM7052 and the nonassimilative B. longum JCM1217, suggesting that the removal of α-d-Galp-(1→3)-l-Ara from gum arabic AGP by GAfase permitted the cooperative action with type II AG degradative enzymes in B. longum The present study provides new insight into the mechanism of gum arabic AGP degradation in B. longumIMPORTANCE Bifidobacteria harbor numerous carbohydrate-active enzymes that degrade several dietary fibers in the gastrointestinal tract. B. longum JCM7052 is known to exhibit the ability to assimilate gum arabic AGP, but the key enzyme involved in the degradation of gum arabic AGP remains unidentified. Here, we cloned and characterized a GH39 3-O-α-d-galactosyl-α-l-arabinofuranosidase (GAfase) from B. longum JCM7052. The enzyme was responsible for the release of α-d-Galp-(1→3)-l-Ara and β-l-Arap-(1→3)-l-Ara from gum arabic AGP. The presence of a gene cluster including the GAfase gene is specifically observed in gum arabic AGP assimilative strains. However, GAfase carrier strains may affect GAfase noncarrier strains that express other type II AG degradative enzymes. These findings provide insights into the bifidogenic effect of gum arabic AGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sasaki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ayako Horigome
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanefumi Kitahara
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Fujita
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
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Tang W, Liu D, Wang JQ, Huang XJ, Yin JY, Geng F, Nie SP. Isolation and structure characterization of a low methyl-esterified pectin from the tuber of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. Food Chem 2021; 359:129899. [PMID: 33965763 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A low methyl-esterified pectin (33.2% methyl-esterification degree) was isolated from the tuber of Dioscorea opposita Thunb., which was an edible and medicinal material in China. This pectin (Mw of 1.3 × 104 g/mol) contained the ~59.1% homogalacturonan (HG) and ~38.1% highly branched rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) region with possible side chains embracing arabinogalactan II, arabinan or arabinogalactan I. The fragments including HG backbone consisting of → 4)-α-GalpA-(1 → and → 4)-α-GalpA-6-O-methyl-(1 → with molar ratio of ~2:1, and repeating unit of arabinogalactan II side chain composed of α-Araf-(1 → and → 3,6)-β-Galp-(1→, were speculated through methylation analysis and NMR spectra. However, the linkage pattern for RG-I backbone and side chains were indiscernible due to limited resolution of NMR spectra. Besides, the pectin adopted a flexible chain conformation in 0.1 M NaNO3 solution. These results provided a structural basis for study on polysaccharide from D. opposite, which was benefit for development of functional food of yam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology Nanchang, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology Nanchang, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Jun-Qiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology Nanchang, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology Nanchang, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology Nanchang, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology Nanchang, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China.
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Cheng J, Wei C, Li W, Wang Y, Wang S, Huang Q, Liu Y, He L. Structural characteristics and enhanced biological activities of partially degraded arabinogalactan from larch sawdust. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:550-559. [PMID: 33444654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Larch arabinogalactan (AG), extracted from Larix gmelinii sawdust, was depolymerized by H2O2 oxidation and purified by gel column to yield a novel degraded fraction (AGD2). The structural analysis indicated AGD2 had lower arabinose content and molecular weight compared with AG, in which the ratio of galactose and arabinose was changed from 7:3 to 16:1, the molecular weight was decreased from 50.2 kDa to 3.7 kDa, and the chain conformation spread from highly branched structure to flexible strand. It was one kind of β-D-(1 → 3)-galactan with fewer β-D-(1 → 6)-Galp side branches at O-6 position. Further, the results of the Gal-3 binding and immunomodulatory assay suggested that the unbinding force of AGD2 onto Gal-3 was as twice as AG to be 76 ± 11 pN at the loading rate of 0.15 μm/s. It could better promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) than AG in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemical Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of State Forest Food Resources Utilization and Quality Control, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Chaoyang Wei
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weiqi Li
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemical Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of State Forest Food Resources Utilization and Quality Control, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Shihao Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liang He
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemical Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of State Forest Food Resources Utilization and Quality Control, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China.
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Arabinogalactan in banana: Chemical characterization and pharmaceutical effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1059-1065. [PMID: 33188809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It is generally recognized that banana has diverse health benefits. However, most of the molecules responsible for the health benefits remain unknown. In this work, an important polysaccharide was extracted from banana and purified. The molecular weight was determined to be 526.2 kDa. It was identified by chemical and spectroscopic methods as arabinogalactan with β-D-(1→6)-galactan as backbone. This arabinogalactan was comprised of three monosaccharides, including Ara, Gal and GlcA with a relatively molar ratio of 5.8: 5.9: 1.0. The side chains were identified to be α-L-Araf-(1→, β-D-GlcpA-(1→, α-L-Araf-(1→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→ and α-D-Galp-(1→3)-α-L-Araf-(1→. They were linked to β-D-(1→6)-galactan at O-3, respectively. The putative structure was drawn as below. This arabinogalactan could induce NO production. It could also inhibit ROS production with a dose-dependent behaviour.
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Kazachenko AS, Tomilin FN, Pozdnyakova AA, Vasilyeva NY, Malyar YN, Kuznetsova SA, Avramov PV. Theoretical DFT interpretation of infrared spectra of biologically active arabinogalactan sulphated derivatives. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li C, Dong Z, Zhang B, Huang Q, Liu G, Fu X. Structural characterization and immune enhancement activity of a novel polysaccharide from Moringa oleifera leaves. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 234:115897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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De A, Das B, Mitra D, Sen AK, Samanta A. Exploration of an arabinogalactan isolated from
Odina wodier
Roxb.: Physicochemical, compositional characterisations and functional attributes. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnab De
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyJadavpur University Kolkata India
| | - Bhaskar Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyJadavpur University Kolkata India
| | - Debmalya Mitra
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyJadavpur University Kolkata India
| | - Asish K Sen
- Emeritus Scientist (Rtd.), Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
| | - Amalesh Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyJadavpur University Kolkata India
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Tang S, Wang T, Huang C, Lai C, Fan Y, Yong Q. Arabinogalactans from Larix principis-rupprechtii: An investigation into the structure-function contribution of side-chain structures. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 227:115354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sulfated modification of arabinogalactans from Larix principis-rupprechtii and their antitumor activities. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 215:207-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Chaves PFP, Iacomini M, Cordeiro LM. Chemical characterization of fructooligosaccharides, inulin and structurally diverse polysaccharides from chamomile tea. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 214:269-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Qi F, Qi J, Hu C, Shen L, Yu W, Hu T. Conjugation of staphylokinase with the arabinogalactan-PEG conjugate: Study on the immunogenicity, in vitro bioactivity and pharmacokinetics. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:896-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kong R, Zhu X, Meteleva ES, Polyakov NE, Khvostov MV, Baev DS, Tolstikova TG, Dushkin AV, Su W. Atorvastatin calcium inclusion complexation with polysaccharide arabinogalactan and saponin disodium glycyrrhizate for increasing of solubility and bioavailability. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1200-1213. [PMID: 30039497 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to enhance the solubility and dissolution of atorvastatin calcium (ATV), a poorly water-soluble drug with larch polysaccharide arabinogalactan (AG) and disodium glycyrrhizate (Na2GA) as carriers of drug delivery systems for improving its bioavailability. The interactions of ATV with AG or Na2GA were investigated by DSC, XRD, SEM, and NMR techniques. The molecular weights of supramolecular systems-inclusion complexes and micelles-which are the hosts for ATV molecules were measured. On the other hand, the rapid storage assay (+ 40 °C for 3 months) showed that the chemical stability of ATV/AG and ATV/Na2GA complexes had been enhanced compared with pure ATV. In vitro drug release showed a significant increase in ATV's dissolution rate after formation of a complex with Na2GA or AG. Pharmacokinetic tests in vivo on laboratory animals showed a significant increase in ATV's bioavailability after its introduction as a complex with Na2GA or AG. Moreover, ATV/AG and ATV/Na2GA complexes showed a more prominent decrease of total cholesterol (TC) level compared to net ATV. Therefore, the novel mechanochemically synthesized complexes of ATV with AG or Na2GA as drug delivery systems might be potential and promising candidates for hypercholesterolemia treatment and deserved further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyi Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Elizaveta S Meteleva
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630128
| | - Nikolay E Polyakov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Khvostov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Baev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatjana G Tolstikova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V Dushkin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630128.
| | - Weike Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
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Bo S, Dan M, Li W, Zhang P. Characterizations and immunostimulatory activities of a polysaccharide from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. roots. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:791-799. [PMID: 30553856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A polysaccharide from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. named ARP, was obtained and purified by the hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and deproteinization of TCA. The molecular weight of the polysaccharide fraction of ARP was calculated to be 1.23 × 104 Da from a calibration curve obtained with dextran standards. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that ARP was composed of Gal, Ara, Glu, Man, Rha and Fuc at a molar ratio of 53.8:21.3:11.7:6.8:4.3:2.2. Methylation analysis suggested that ARP was likely an arabinogalactan and that its backbone mainly consisted of Galp residues of 1,6‑linkages and Ara residues of 1,5‑ or 1,3‑linkages. The in vitro experiment indicated that ARP enhanced B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation. A dose-dependent relationship was observed, and a dose of 200 μg/mL resulted in the highest cell viability. In addition, ARP significantly stimulated the production of the cytokine, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and enhanced B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation. Meanwhile, ARP had little effect on interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. The experiments of the effect of ARP on the activation of macrophage in vitro indicated that ARP significantly enhanced the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β which suggested the polysaccharide induced the functional activation of macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surina Bo
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Jinshan Development Zone, 010110, China.
| | - Mu Dan
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Jinshan Development Zone, 010110, China
| | - Wenxi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Jinshan Development Zone, 010110, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Jinshan Development Zone, 010110, China.
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Liu H, He P, He L, Li Q, Cheng J, Wang Y, Yang G, Yang B. Structure characterization and hypoglycemic activity of an arabinogalactan from Phyllostachys heterocycla bamboo shoot shell. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 201:189-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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AlMatar M, Makky EA, AlMandeal H, Eker E, Kayar B, Var I, Köksal F. Does the Development of Vaccines Advance Solutions for Tuberculosis? Curr Mol Pharmacol 2018; 12:83-104. [PMID: 30474542 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666181126151948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is considered as one of the most efficacious human pathogens. The global mortality rate of TB stands at approximately 2 million, while about 8 to 10 million active new cases are documented yearly. It is, therefore, a priority to develop vaccines that will prevent active TB. The vaccines currently used for the management of TB can only proffer a certain level of protection against meningitis, TB, and other forms of disseminated TB in children; however, their effectiveness against pulmonary TB varies and cannot provide life-long protective immunity. Based on these reasons, more efforts are channeled towards the development of new TB vaccines. During the development of TB vaccines, a major challenge has always been the lack of diversity in both the antigens contained in TB vaccines and the immune responses of the TB sufferers. Current efforts are channeled on widening both the range of antigens selection and the range of immune response elicited by the vaccines. The past two decades witnessed a significant progress in the development of TB vaccines; some of the discovered TB vaccines have recently even completed the third phase (phase III) of a clinical trial. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this article are to discuss the recent progress in the development of new vaccines against TB; to provide an insight on the mechanism of vaccine-mediated specific immune response stimulation, and to debate on the interaction between vaccines and global interventions to end TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaf AlMatar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences (Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu) Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Essam A Makky
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Husam AlMandeal
- Freiburg Universität, Moltkestraße 90, 76133 karlsruhe Augenklinik, Germany
| | - Emel Eker
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Begüm Kayar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Işıl Var
- Department of Food Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Köksal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Purification, structural characterization of an arabinogalactan from green gram (Vigna radiata) and its role in macrophage activation. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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42
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Characterization of arabinogalactans from Larix principis-rupprechtii and their effects on NO production by macrophages. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:408-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Sato K, Hara K, Yoshimi Y, Kitazawa K, Ito H, Tsumuraya Y, Kotake T. Yariv reactivity of type II arabinogalactan from larch wood. Carbohydr Res 2018; 467:8-13. [PMID: 30036728 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Larch arabinogalactan (AG) is classified as a plant type II AG. Its basic structure is constituted by a β-1,3-galactan main chain with β-1,6-galactan side chains. But its properties are distinct from other type II AGs. Whereas most type II AGs are found as glycan moieties of arabinogalactan-protein (AGP), larch AG lacks a protein moiety. Larch AG itself is also unlike other type II AGs as it lacks Yariv reactivity, the capability of AG to form insoluble precipitate with β-Yariv reagents, 1,3,5-tri-(p-glycosyloxyphenylazo)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene with β-glucosyl or β-galactosyl residues at the termini. For the present study, we prepared β-galactan I, II, and III from larch AG by performing single, double, and triple Smith degradation, which breaks β-1,6-galactan side chains, and examined Yariv reactivity of the products. Methylation analysis revealed that β-galactans II and III had lost more than 90% of their β-1,6-galactan branches. In the radial gel diffusion assay, β-galactans II and III showed Yariv reactivity, indicating the presence of a Yariv-reactive structure in larch AG, although native larch AG does not have Yariv reactivity. The Yariv reactivity of the β-galactans was completely lost after treatment with endo-β-1,3-galactanase. These results confirm that β-1,3-galactan is necessary for Yariv reactivity of type II AG. The present results also suggest that high substitution of β-1,3-galactan with β-1,6-galactan side chains affects Yariv reactivity in larch AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Katsuya Hara
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yoshimi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kiminari Kitazawa
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Haruka Ito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yoichi Tsumuraya
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kotake
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan; Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
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44
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Bartels D, Classen B. Structural investigations on arabinogalactan-proteins from a lycophyte and different monilophytes (ferns) in the evolutionary context. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 172:342-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
We describe an integrated and straightforward new analytical protocol that identifies plant gums from various sample sources including cultural heritage. Our approach is based on the identification of saccharidic fingerprints using mass spectrometry following controlled enzymatic hydrolysis. We developed an enzyme cocktail suitable for plant gums of unknown composition. Distinctive MS profiles of gums such as arabic, cherry and locust-bean gums were successfully identified. A wide range of oligosaccharidic combinations of pentose, hexose, deoxyhexose and hexuronic acid were accurately identified in gum arabic whereas cherry and locust bean gums showed respectively PentxHexy and Hexn profiles. Optimized for low sample quantities, the analytical protocol was successfully applied to contemporary and historic samples including ‘Colour Box Charles Roberson & Co’ dating 1870s and drawings from the American painter Arthur Dove (1880–1946). This is the first time that a gum is accurately identified in a cultural heritage sample using structural information. Furthermore, this methodology is applicable to other domains (food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, biomedical).
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46
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Seasonal dynamics of polysaccharides in Norway spruce (Picea abies). Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:686-694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Cantu-Jungles TM, Iacomini M, Cipriani TR, Cordeiro LM. Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 158:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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48
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Bartels D, Baumann A, Maeder M, Geske T, Heise EM, von Schwartzenberg K, Classen B. Evolution of plant cell wall: Arabinogalactan-proteins from three moss genera show structural differences compared to seed plants. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 163:227-235. [PMID: 28267501 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are important proteoglycans of plant cell walls. They seem to be present in most, if not all seed plants, but their occurrence and structure in bryophytes is widely unknown and actually the focus of AGP research. With regard to evolution of plant cell wall, we isolated AGPs from the three mosses Sphagnum sp., Physcomitrella patens and Polytrichastrum formosum. The moss AGPs show structural characteristics common for AGPs of seed plants, but also unique features, especially 3-O-methyl-rhamnose (trivial name acofriose) as terminal monosaccharide not found in arabinogalactan-proteins of angiosperms and 1,2,3-linked galactose as branching point never found in arabinogalactan-proteins before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Bartels
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Alexander Baumann
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Malte Maeder
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Thomas Geske
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Esther Marie Heise
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Birgit Classen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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49
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Nagel A, Conrad J, Leitenberger M, Carle R, Neidhart S. Structural studies of the arabinogalactans in Mangifera indica L. fruit exudate. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Arabinogalactan-proteins stimulate somatic embryogenesis and plant propagation of Pelargonium sidoides. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 152:149-155. [PMID: 27516259 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Root extracts of the medicinal plant Pelargonium sidoides, native to South Africa, are used globally for the treatment of common cold and cough. Due to an increasing economic commercialization of P. sidoides remedies, wild collections of root material should be accompanied by effective methods for plant propagation like somatic embryogenesis. Based on this, the influence of arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) on somatic embryogenesis and plant propagation of P. sidoides has been investigated. High-molecular weight AGPs have been isolated from dried roots as well as from cell cultures of P. sidoides with yields between 0.1% and 0.9%, respectively. AGPs are characterized by a 1,3-linked Galp backbone, branched at C6 to 1,6-linked Galp side chains terminated by Araf and to a minor extent by GlcpA, Galp or Rhap. Treatment of explants of P. sidoides with AGPs from roots or suspension culture over 5.5 weeks resulted in effective stimulation of somatic embryo development and plant regeneration.
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