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Guo YX, Guo XR, Chen XY. Design of Ratio-Fluorescence Nanohybrid Based on Radix Hedysari Green-Synthesized CDs and GSH-AuNCs for Sensitive Detection of Cefodizime Sodium in Urine Sample. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5971. [PMID: 38892157 PMCID: PMC11172498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A dual-emission ratio-fluorescent sensing nanohybrid based on Radix Hedysari green-synthesized carbon quantum dots (CDs) and glutathione-functionalized gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) had been developed for the determination of cefodizime sodium (CDZM). The designed fluorescence nanohybrid had two significant fluorescence emission peaks at 458 nm and 569 nm when excited at 360 nm, which was attributed to the CDs and GSH-AuNCs. With the addition of CDZM, the fluorescence at 458 nm was slightly weakened while the fluorescence at 569 nm was enhanced obviously. Based on the relationship between the I569/I458 fluorescence intensity ratio and the concentration of CDZM, the designed nanohybrid exhibited a good linearity range of 1.0-1000.0 μM and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.19 μM. The method was finally applied in the detection of CDZM in urine, showing the potential applications in complicated biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin-Yue Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.-X.G.); (X.-R.G.)
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2
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Ishiwata A, Tanaka K, Ito Y, Cai H, Ding F. Recent Progress in 1,2- cis glycosylation for Glucan Synthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:5644. [PMID: 37570614 PMCID: PMC10420028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the stereoselectivity of 1,2-cis glycosylation is one of the most challenging tasks in the chemical synthesis of glycans. There are various 1,2-cis glycosides in nature, such as α-glucoside and β-mannoside in glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans, microbial polysaccharides, and bioactive natural products. In the structure of polysaccharides such as α-glucan, 1,2-cis α-glucosides were found to be the major linkage between the glucopyranosides. Various regioisomeric linkages, 1→3, 1→4, and 1→6 for the backbone structure, and 1→2/3/4/6 for branching in the polysaccharide as well as in the oligosaccharides were identified. To achieve highly stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation, including α-glucosylation, a number of strategies using inter- and intra-molecular methodologies have been explored. Recently, Zn salt-mediated cis glycosylation has been developed and applied to the synthesis of various 1,2-cis linkages, such as α-glucoside and β-mannoside, via the 1,2-cis glycosylation pathway and β-galactoside 1,4/6-cis induction. Furthermore, the synthesis of various structures of α-glucans has been achieved using the recent progressive stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation reactions. In this review, recent advances in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation, particularly focused on α-glucosylation, and their applications in the construction of linear and branched α-glucans are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- RIKEN, Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN, Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hui Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Feiqing Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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Tsai YC, Lin MK, Peng WH, Tseng CK, Lee MS, Yang BC, Chang WT. Comparison of the Immunomodulatory Effect of TCM Formulas Containing Either Astragali Radix or With This Replaced by Hedysari Radix. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221142797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedysari Radix (Hong Qi) is a commonly substituted material with similar functions to Astragali Radix (Huang Qi). However, it is still misused as Huang Qi, even though people know they are different species. This study aims to find evidence that Hong Qi can replace Huang Qi in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas used for immunomodulation. Therefore, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of both medicines on dendritic cells. The water extract of Hong Qi showed a more substantial immunomodulatory effect on dendritic cells in 500 μg/mL concentration compared to Huang Qi in the same dosage. Furthermore, we selected the 23 TCM formulas to investigate their immunomodulatory function when Huang Qi and Hong Qi alternated within a formula. Among them, 6 formulas containing Hong Qi demonstrated a better immunomodulatory effect on the dendritic cells than those containing Huang Qi. The other formulas containing Hong Qi showed an insignificantly different physiological impact from the original formulation. Therefore, based on the TCM theory and our experimental results, replacing Huang Qi with Hong Qi for a formula could be more suitable when the immunomodulatory effect or nourishing Qi is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuem Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kai Tseng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Cheng Yang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Te Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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4
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Isolation, structures and bioactivities of the polysaccharides from Radix Hedysari: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 199:212-222. [PMID: 34995662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Radix Hedysari, a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has a long history as a medicinal plant in China based on its wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities. Until now, many chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from Radix Hedysari, such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, trace elements and so on. Of these, Radix Hedysari polysaccharides are one of the most important active compounds of the Radix Hedysari and have various biological activities, including anti-tumor activity, antioxidant activity, anti-diabetic activity, immunity enhancement effect and regulation of intestinal flora. These beneficial biological activities are related to the chemical structure of the Radix Hedysari polysaccharides. The chemical structure of HPS is the basis of its biological activity, which is affected by many factors, such as the composition of monosaccharide, the size of relative molecular weight, the way of glycoside bond connection, the three-dimensional structure of polysaccharide, and so on. Different extraction and separation methods lead to different configurations of polysaccharides and different biological activities of polysaccharides. In general, the bioactivity of polysaccharides showed a certain dose-response or structure-activity relationship. At present, few studies of regarding the structure-function relationships of these polysaccharides have been reported, and it is not easy to relate the structures of HPS to their biological activities. Nevertheless, some relationships can be inferred as follows. This article is aimed to provide a systematic and up-to-date review on the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and biological activities of the Radix Hedysari polysaccharides to support its further therapeutic potentials and sanitarian functions. Furthermore, the possible development and a perspective for future research of Radix Hedysari polysaccharides are also discussed.
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5
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Xue Z, Zhao L, Wang D, Chen X, Liu D, Liu X, Feng S. Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Radix Hedysari and its protective effects against H 2O 2-induced injury in human gastric epithelium cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:503-515. [PMID: 34437918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The gastroprotective effects of polysaccharides had become a hot topic in the field of functional polysaccharides research. Three polysaccharides, namely HPS-80-1, HPS-80-2, and HPS-80-3 were purified by DEAE-52 column chromatography. The thermodynamic characteristics, scanning electron microscopy, and Congo red experimental results of the above polysaccharides were greatly distinctive. Then a mature GES-1 oxidative stress cell model induced by H2O2 was established to screen out subsequent research subjects. It turned out that HPS-80-1 had a desirable protective effect, which was confirmed by analyses of cell cycle & apoptosis, and oxidative stress-related factors in the cell culture media, and so on. Furthermore, Structural features demonstrated that the backbone of HPS-80-1 appeared to mainly consist of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-β-L-Glcp-(1→, and →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, with branches at O-1, O-4, and O-6 position consisting of →2,4)-β-D-Rhap-(1→, →1)-α-D-Galp-(4→, and →3,4)-α-D-Manp-(1→. It was speculated that the excellent gastric mucosal protective activity of HPS-80-1 may be due to the high amount of glucose in the backbone. In addition, it was also related to the anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant bases such as (1 → 4)-Glcp and (1 → 6)-Galp in the structure of HPS-80-1. These findings provide a scientific basis for further utilization of polysaccharides from Radix Hedysari.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Lianggong Zhao
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Donghan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Shilan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Reddy Shetty P, Batchu UR, Buddana SK, Sambasiva Rao K, Penna S. A comprehensive review on α-D-Glucans: Structural and functional diversity, derivatization and bioapplications. Carbohydr Res 2021; 503:108297. [PMID: 33813321 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucans are the most abundant natural polysaccharides across the living kingdom with tremendous biological activities. Now a days, α-D-glucans are gaining importance as a prebiotics, nutraceuticals, immunostimulants, antiproliferative agents and biodegradable polymers in pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors. A wide variety of bioresources including bacteria, fungi, lichens, algae, plants and animals produce α-D-glucans either as an exopolysaccharide (EPS) or a cell wall component or an energy storage polymer. The α-D-glucans exhibit great structural and functional diversity as the type of linkage and percentage of branching dictate the functional properties of glucans. Among the different linkages, bioactivities are greatly confined to the α-D-(1 → 3) linkages whereas starch and other polymers consisting of α-D-(1 → 4) (1 → 6) linkages are specific for food and pharmaceutical applications. However, the bioactivities of the α-D-(1 → 3) glucans in native form is limited mainly due to their hydrophobic nature. Hence several derivatization techniques have been developed to improve the bioavailability as well as bioactive features such as antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antitumor properties. Though, several reports have presented about α-D-glucans, still there is an ambiguity in terms of their structure among different natural sources and moreover no comprehensive information was available on their derivatization techniques and application potential. Therefore, the present review summarizes distinct description on diverse sources, type of linkages, derivatization techniques as well as the application potential of the native and modified α-D-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakasham Reddy Shetty
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India.
| | - Uma Rajeswari Batchu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India.
| | - Sudheer Kumar Buddana
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Ghaziabad, 201001, New Delhi, India.
| | - Krs Sambasiva Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, 522510, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, 400085, Maharashtra, India.
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7
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Zhao B, Tao F, Wang J, Zhang J. The sulfated modification and antioxidative activity of polysaccharides from Potentilla anserine L. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00356e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sulfated modification of polysaccharides from Potentilla anserine L (PAPMAE) was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baotang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Gansu Agricultural University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Faqin Tao
- College of Life Science
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou 730070
- China
| | - Junlong Wang
- College of Life Science
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou 730070
- China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Life Science
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou 730070
- China
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8
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Chen X, Ji J, Shi G, Xue Z, Zhou X, Zhao L, Feng S. Formononetin in Radix Hedysari extract-mediated green synthesis of gold nanoparticles for colorimetric detection of ferrous ions in tap water. RSC Adv 2020; 10:32897-32905. [PMID: 35516523 PMCID: PMC9056706 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study linked natural plant materials and nanomaterials; reporting an environmentally friendly, non-toxic and efficient method for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using an ethyl acetate extract of Radix Hedysari (EAR). The components of the extract were identified using HPLC and it was found that formononetin accounted for more than 90% of the total contents. We predicted that formononetin in EAR plays a crucial role in green synthesis. Thus, formononetin was used as a standard reductant to synthesize AuNPs, and the result confirmed our prediction. The synthetic mechanism was also discussed in detail in the article. Moreover, EAR–AuNPs realized the sensitive and selective colorimetric detection of ferrous ions (Fe2+) among other metal ions, and were applied to spiked tap water with a low detection limit of 1.5 μM in a wide range from 10 μM to 500 μM. EAR–AuNPs were green synthesized using Radix Hedysari extract for the first time and were successfully applied in real sample detection. AuNPs were synthesized using Radix Hedysari extract and used for the sensitive and selective detection of Fe2+.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Ji
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Gengen Shi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Xue
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xianglin Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Lianggong Zhao
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, P. R. China
| | - Shilan Feng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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9
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Yang X, Xue Z, Fang Y, Liu X, Yang Y, Shi G, Feng S, Zhao L. Structure-immunomodulatory activity relationships of Hedysarum polysaccharides extracted by a method involving a complex enzyme combined with ultrasonication. Food Funct 2019; 10:1146-1158. [PMID: 30724930 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02293c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new, more effective and environmentally friendly method involving a complex enzyme combined with ultrasonication was employed to extract and isolate three novel polysaccharides (HPS-MCs: HPS-MC, HPS-MC (50%) and HPS-MC (80%)) of Radix Hedysari. Compared with polysaccharides obtained using a traditional extraction method (hot water extraction, HPS-R), the yields and total carbohydrate contents of HPS-MCs were significantly higher. HPS-MC (80%) exhibited relatively strong immunomodulatory activity and a concentration-dependent dose-response relationship under cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced immunosuppressive conditions in mice models. To more comprehensively investigate the relationships between structural characteristics and immunomodulatory activity, HPS-MC (80%) was fractionated into three major homogeneous polysaccharide fractions (HPS-MC (80%)s: HPS-MC (80%)-1, HPS-MC (80%)-2, and HPS-MC (80%)-3). These three homogeneous polysaccharides had different mass percentages of monosaccharides species (rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, glucose, and galactose) by gas chromatography (GC) and different molecular weights and chain conformations by high-performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering (HPGPC-MALLS), and promoted macrophage and splenocyte proliferation to different degrees. These findings indicated that HPS-MC (80%) had a prominent potential immune response, especially HPS-MC (80%)-2 and HPS-MC (80%)-3, and might be suitable candidates for functional foods or potential novel immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
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Seedevi P, Moovendhan M, Sudharsan S, Sivasankar P, Sivakumar L, Vairamani S, Shanmugam A. Isolation and chemical characteristics of rhamnose enriched polysaccharide from Grateloupia lithophila. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:486-494. [PMID: 29805003 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The crude polysaccharide was extracted from Grateloupia lithophila through hot-water extraction and deproteinization. Further, fractionated by anion-exchange column using Q-Sepharose and purified by gel-permeation chromatography using Sepharose 4-LB column. The crude and purified polysaccharide contains high carbohydrate (75.7 and 89.7%), ash (18.2 and 3.2%) and moisture (14.8 and 1.3%); the protein and uronic acid were absent. The molecular weight of crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide was found to be 37 kDa, 29 kDa and 24 kDa. The monosaccharide composition of the crude polysaccharide was found to be having rhamnose (79.82%), fructose (8.38%), galactose (3.95%), xylose (3.31%) and glucose (1.48%); whereas the purified polysaccharide reported higher amount of rhamnose (95.88%), 1.13% of xylose and 2.21% of fructose. The structural elucidation of the purified polysaccharide was conformed as α-l-rhamnose through polarimetry, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniappan Seedevi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Meivelu Moovendhan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India; Bioengineering and Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IIT-M), Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sadhasivam Sudharsan
- Department of Food Quality and Safety Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organisation, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Palaniappan Sivasankar
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Loganathan Sivakumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugam Vairamani
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annaian Shanmugam
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Zha Z, Wang SY, Chu W, Lv Y, Kan H, Chen Q, Zhong L, Yue L, Xiao J, Wang Y, Yin H. Isolation, purification, structural characterization and immunostimulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Lepidium meyenii. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 147:184-193. [PMID: 29353155 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide LMP-1 was isolated and purified by ion-exchange chromatography from maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.). LMP-1 has a molecular weight of 1.01 × 104 Da, and is composed of glucose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.03:1.08. Methylation and the 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy of LMP-1 revealed that it is mainly composed of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, and β-D-Araf-(1→, with branching at O-6 of →4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → . LMP-1 showed up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). The upstream proteins of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (CD14 and MD2) and mRNA level of IL-1β also increased. Increased transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 was found in the nuclei and cytoplasm in LMP-1-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. These results indicated that LMP-1 activated RAW264.7 macrophages and elicited immunostimulatory activities via the TLRs/NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Zha
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Chu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lv
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjin Kan
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuli Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhong
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yue
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinna Xiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongping Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Yin Z, Zhang W, Zhang J, Kang W. Isolation, purification, structural analysis and coagulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:98. [PMID: 29086873 PMCID: PMC5628082 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides were carried out for the first time. The crude polysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, and preliminarily purified by Sevage method and D101 macroporous resin. Then the polysaccharide was further purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, respectively. The structural characteristics were detected by LC, GC, FT-IR and NMR. Furthermore, the coagulatory activity of the polysaccharides were investigated by APTT, TT, PT and FIB assays in vitro. The results demonstrated that four polysaccharides were isolated from flowers of L. lucidum, named as LLP-1a, LLP-1b, LLP-2 and LLP-3, and the yields were 0.039, 0.0054, 0.0055 and 0.017%, respectively based on the weight of the dried flowers. The four polysaccharides components were free of nucleic acids and proteins, and their average molecular weights were 25,912, 64,919, 3,940,246 and 2,975,091 g/mol, respectively. The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a were L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22). Only D-galactose was detected from LLp-1b. LLp-2 was composed of L-arabinose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 1.28:1.32:1.00). LLp-3 was composed of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 5.85: 2.21: 2.23: 1.00: 2.25). Coagulation assays indicated that LLp-1a and LLp-3 had good anticoagulant effect in vitro, while LLp-1b showed procoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yin
- Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, 450063 China
- Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Zhengzhou, 450063 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, 450063 China
- Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Zhengzhou, 450063 China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, 450063 China
- Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Zhengzhou, 450063 China
| | - Wenyi Kang
- Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, 450063 China
- Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Zhengzhou, 450063 China
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Liu W, Wang H, Yu J, Liu Y, Lu W, Chai Y, Liu C, Pan C, Yao W, Gao X. Structure, chain conformation, and immunomodulatory activity of the polysaccharide purified from Bacillus Calmette Guerin formulation. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 150:149-58. [PMID: 27312624 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A polysaccharide, coded as BDP, purified from the injection powder of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) polysaccharide and nucleic acid, was composed mainly of α-D-(1→4)-linked glucan with (1→6)-linked branches and trace amounts of fucose and mannose from the results of FT-IR, HPAEC-PAD and NMR spectrum. The Mw, Mn, Mz, and [Formula: see text] were determined to be 1.320×10(5)g/mol, 1.012×10(5)g/mol, 2.139×10(5)g/mol, and 21.8±3.2%nm by using HPSEC-MALLS, respectively. The ν value from [Formula: see text] was calculated to be 0.52±0.01, which firstly clarified that BDP existed as random coils in 0.9% NaCl aqueous solution. AFM and SEM combined with Congo-red test also revealed that the polysaccharide was irregular globular like or curly structure. Furthermore, in vitro tests on RAW264.7 murine macrophages cells revealed that BDP exhibited significant immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Juping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yameng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Weisheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yin Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chun Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wenbing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Xu X, Gu Z, Liu S, Gao N, He X, Xin X. Purification and characterization of a glucan from Bacillus Calmette Guerin and the antitumor activity of its sulfated derivative. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 128:138-46. [PMID: 26005149 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble glucan, BCG-PASW, with a molecular weight of 2.10×10(4)Da, was separated from polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG-PSN) using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques (COSY, HSQC and HMBC), BCG-PASW was found to be an α-d-glucan composed of α-d-(1→4)-linked glucopyranosyl residues, with branches at O-6 consisting of non-reducing terminal α-d-Glcp approximately every eight residues. In vitro antitumor activity by MTS method, its sulfated derivative with a substitution degree of 0.59, could inhibite C666-1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells growth significantly. The results indicated that the sulfate content play a decisive role in the bioactivities of the polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongbo Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, China; School of Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zixin Gu
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd, Changsha 410021, China
| | - Shao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, China; School of Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Na Gao
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiaozhen He
- Tumor Institute of Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiu Xin
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd, Changsha 410021, China
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Zhao L, Zhao H, Sheng X, Chen T, Dang Z, An L, Ma J, Feng S, Xia Y. Structural characterization and stimulating effect on osteoblast differentiation of a purified heteropolysaccharide isolated from Hedysarum polybotrys. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:714-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Zhu R, Zhang X, Liu W, Zhou Y, Ding R, Yao W, Gao X. Preparation and immunomodulating activities of a library of low-molecular-weight α-glucans. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:744-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Shi F, Shi J, Li Y. Mechanochemical phosphorylation and solubilisation of β-D-glucan from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its biological activities. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103494. [PMID: 25075740 PMCID: PMC4116193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain a water-soluble β-D-glucan derivative cleanly and conveniently, a highly efficient mechanochemical method, planetary ball milling, was used to phosphorylate β-D-glucan isolated from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in solid state. Soluble β-D-glucan phosphate (GP) with a high degree of substitution (0.77-2.09) and an apparent PEAK molecular weight of 6.6-10.0 kDa was produced when β-D-glucan was co-milled with sodium hexametaphosphate at 139.5-186.0 rad/s for 12-20 min. The energy transferred was 3.03-11.98 KJ/g. The phosphorylation of GPs was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 13C and 31P Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Three GP products with different degree of substitution (DS) and degree of polymerisation (DP) were able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, among which GP-2 with a DS of 1.24 and DP of 30.5 exerted the highest immunostimulating activity. Our results indicate that mechanochemical processing is an efficient method for preparing water-soluble and biologically active GP with high DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jikui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongfu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Zhao LG, Chen TQ, Feng DM, Xiao TG, Dang ZL, Feng SL, Xia YY. Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of a heteropolysaccharide isolated from Hedysarum polybotrys. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2014; 16:677-684. [PMID: 24625202 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.893512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide (HPS3aS) with a molecular mass of 1.22 × 10(4) Da was isolated from Hedysarum polybotrys using anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. HPS3aS exhibits a globular-shaped conformation in 0.1 M NaNO3 by size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). The investigation of the structural features of this heteropolysaccharide through a combination of chemical and instrumental analyses revealed that the backbone of HPS3aS is composed of α-D-(1 → 4)-linked glucopyranose residues, which occasionally branched at O-6. The branches are composed of (1 → 4)-linked galactopyranose residues and terminated with glucopyranose residues. HPS3aS possesses good in vitro antioxidant activity, as evaluated by scavenging assays with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, which suggests that HPS3aS could be a potential antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Gong Zhao
- a The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730030 , China
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Structural characteristics and hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides from Coprinus comatus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Dang Z, Feng D, Liu X, Yang T, Guo L, Liang J, Liang J, Hu F, Cui F, Feng S. Structure and antioxidant activity study of sulfated acetamido-polysaccharide from Radix Hedysari. Fitoterapia 2013; 89:20-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dong Y, Tang D, Zhang N, Li Y, Zhang C, Li L, Li M. Phytochemicals and biological studies of plants in genus Hedysarum. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:124. [PMID: 23866043 PMCID: PMC3727964 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, several species (Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz., Hedysarum limprichtii Hlbr., Hedysarum vicioider Turcz. var. Taipeicum Hand.-Mazz. Liu, Hedysarum smithianum, et al.) of genus Hedysarum have a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In TCM, these plants are used to increase the energy of the body. To date, 155 compounds, including flavonoids, triterpenes, coumarins, lignanoids, nitrogen compounds, sterols, carbohydrates, fatty compounds, and benzofuran, have been isolated from plants of the genus Hedysarum. Various chemical constituents contribute to the antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive properties of these plants. Hedysarum species are used to treat infestation with gastrointestinal nematodes and may support the immune system and peripheral nervous system. In the present review, we summarize the research on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Hedysarum species, which will be useful for better utilization of these important species in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinmao Dong
- Department of chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dongyan Tang
- Department of chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Baotou Medical College, No. 31 Construction Road, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Baotou Medical College, No. 31 Construction Road, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, P. R. China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Baotou Medical College, No. 31 Construction Road, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Baotou Medical College, No. 31 Construction Road, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, P. R. China
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