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Cruz-Barrera M, Izquierdo-García LF, Gómez-Marroquín M, Santos-Díaz A, Uribe-Gutiérrez L, Moreno-Velandia CA. Hydrogel capsules as new delivery system for Trichoderma koningiopsis Th003 to control Rhizoctonia solani in rice (Oryza sativa). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:108. [PMID: 38403797 PMCID: PMC10894772 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of biological control agents (BCAs) such as Trichoderma spp. in agricultural systems favors the transition towards sustainable practices of plant nutrition and diseases control. Novel bioproducts for crop management are called to guarantee sustainable antagonism activity of BCAs and increase the acceptance of the farmers. The encapsulation in polymeric matrices play a prominent role for providing an effective carrier/protector and long-lasting bioproduct. This research aimed to study the influence of biopolymer in hydrogel capsules on survival and shelf-life of T. koningiopsis. Thus, two hydrogel capsules prototypes based on alginate (P1) and amidated pectin (P2), containing conidia of T. koningiopsis Th003 were formulated. Capsules were prepared by the ionic gelation method and calcium gluconate as crosslinker. Conidia releasing under different pH values of the medium, survival of conidia in drying capsules, storage stability, and biocontrol activity against rice sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) were studied. P2 prototype provided up to 98% survival to Th003 in fluid bed drying, faster conidia releasing at pH 5.8, storage stability greater than 6 months at 18 °C, and up to 67% of disease reduction. However, both biopolymers facilitate the antagonistic activity against R. solani, and therefore can be incorporated in novel hydrogel capsules-based biopreparations. This work incites to develop novel biopesticides-based formulations with potential to improve the delivery process in the target site and the protection of the active ingredient from the environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Cruz-Barrera
- Bioproducts Department, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Km 14 vía Bogotá a Mosquera, Mosquera, Colombia.
| | - Luisa Fernanda Izquierdo-García
- Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Tibaitatá Research Center, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Km 14 vía Bogotá a Mosquera, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Magda Gómez-Marroquín
- Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Tibaitatá Research Center, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Km 14 vía Bogotá a Mosquera, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Adriana Santos-Díaz
- Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Tibaitatá Research Center, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Km 14 vía Bogotá a Mosquera, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Liz Uribe-Gutiérrez
- Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Tibaitatá Research Center, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Km 14 vía Bogotá a Mosquera, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Carlos Andrés Moreno-Velandia
- Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Tibaitatá Research Center, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Km 14 vía Bogotá a Mosquera, Mosquera, Colombia
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Lotfalinezhad E, Taheri A, Razavi SE, Sanei SJ. Preparation and assessment of alginate-microencapsulated Trichoderma harzianum for controlling Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani on tomato. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129278. [PMID: 38211905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop microencapsulation technology using alginate to improve the viability and performance of Trichoderma harzianum. The method of ionic gelation was used to prepare the microparticles, and the efficiency of encapsulation was estimated to be 99%. The average size of the prepared microspheres was 2600 μm (wet) and 1000 μm (dry). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the microspheres were approximately spherical. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer analysis indicated an interaction between T. harzianum and the microspheres. The results of temperature resistance and light stability against ultraviolet radiation emphasized the positive impact of microencapsulation in improving the viability and resistance of T. harzianum compared to the non-microencapsulated state. The disease percentage of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in plants treated with microencapsulated T. harzianum microcapsules was 8.88 % and 20 % respectively, but in the control group was 73.33 % (p ≤ 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Lotfalinezhad
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Abdolhossein Taheri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Razavi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Seyed Javad Sanei
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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3
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Camargo AF, Bonatto C, Scapini T, Klanovicz N, Tadioto V, Cadamuro RD, Bazoti SF, Kubeneck S, Michelon W, Reichert Júnior FW, Mossi AJ, Alves Júnior SL, Fongaro G, Treichel H. Fungus-based bioherbicides on circular economy. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1729-1754. [PMID: 37743409 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to show that bioherbicides are possible in organic agriculture as natural compounds from fungi and metabolites produced by them. It is discussed that new formulations must be developed to improve field stability and enable the commercialization of microbial herbicides. Due to these bottlenecks, it is crucial to advance the bioprocesses behind the formulation and fermentation of bio-based herbicides, scaling up, strategies for field application, and the potential of bioherbicides in the global market. In this sense, it proposed insights for modern agriculture based on sustainable development and circular economy, precisely the formulation, scale-up, and field application of microbial bioherbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Frumi Camargo
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Charline Bonatto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Thamarys Scapini
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Natalia Klanovicz
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviani Tadioto
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Suzana Fátima Bazoti
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Simone Kubeneck
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
| | | | | | - Altemir José Mossi
- Laboratory of Agroecology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
| | | | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Helen Treichel
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil.
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4
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Alves Gragnani Vido M, Dutra Alvim I, Vinderola G, Isabel Berto M, Blumer Zacarchenco Rodrigues de Sá P, Mauricio Barreto Pinilla C, Torres Silva E Alves A. Microencapsulation of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (DSM 23878) for application in infant formula: Heat resistance and bacterial viability during long-time storage. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113378. [PMID: 37803716 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the survival capacity of the probiotic culture Limosilactobacillus reuteri (DSM 23878) to microencapsulation by spray drying, and its potential as component of an infant formula. Preliminary tests were performed between skim milk (SM) and infant formula (IF) as wall material and two inlet temperatures, evaluating the encapsulation efficiency, moisture content, water activity and stability, to choose the drying parameters. After drying in optimized conditions, the powder of microencapsulated L. reuteri was characterized and the viability after dilution in an infant formula at 70 °C was determined. In addition, the survival rate throughout 360 days of storage was assessed. As results, encapsulation efficiency was superior to 90 % in both wall materials. However, the use of IF as for microencapsulation produced microparticles with lower water activity (Aw) and moisture, as compared with the SM. Final microparticles produced with IF as wall material presented values of Aw, moisture content, and particle diameter averaged 0.11 ± 0.02, 2.10 ± 0.35 % and 10.30 ± 0.12 μm, respectively. The viability of microencapsulated L.reuteri decreased 1 Log CFU/mL after dilution at 70 °C and the powder maintained a survivor of 73.5 % after 365 days of storage at 4 °C. Thus, the microencapsulation by spray drying under the conditions of this study proved to be an effective technique to protect the probiotic L. reuteri for application in infant formulas, obtaining an adequate number of viable cells after reconstitution at 70 °C and during long time the storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izabela Dutra Alvim
- Cereal and Chocolate Technology Center, Institute of Food Technology, Brazil (ITAL), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Maria Isabel Berto
- Dairy Technology Center (TECNOLAT) of the Food Technology Institute (ITAL), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Martinez Y, Ribera J, Schwarze FWMR, De France K. Biotechnological development of Trichoderma-based formulations for biological control. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5595-5612. [PMID: 37477696 PMCID: PMC10439859 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are a genus of well-known fungi that promote healthy growth and modulate different functions in plants, as well as protect against various plant pathogens. The application of Trichoderma and its propagules as a biological control method can therefore help to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture. This review critically discusses and analyzes groundbreaking innovations over the past few decades of biotechnological approaches to prepare active formulations containing Trichoderma. The use of various carrier substances is covered, emphasizing their effects on enhancing the shelf life, viability, and efficacy of the final product formulation. Furthermore, the use of processing techniques such as freeze drying, fluidized bed drying, and spray drying are highlighted, enabling the development of stable, light-weight formulations. Finally, promising microencapsulation techniques for maximizing the performance of Trichoderma spp. during application processes are discussed, leading to the next-generation of multi-functional biological control formulations. KEY POINTS: • The development of carrier substances to encapsulate Trichoderma propagules is highlighted. • Advances in biotechnological processes to prepare Trichoderma-containing formulations are critically discussed. • Current challenges and future outlook of Trichoderma-based formulations in the context of biological control are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Martinez
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Javier Ribera
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Francis W M R Schwarze
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Kevin De France
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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6
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Ali M, Cybulska J, Frąc M, Zdunek A. Application of polysaccharides for the encapsulation of beneficial microorganisms for agricultural purposes: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125366. [PMID: 37327939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Intensive farming practices have increased the consumption of chemical-based pesticides and fertilizers thereby creating health issues for humans and animals and also causing a deterioration in the natural ecosystem. The promotion of biomaterials synthesis could potentially lead to the replacement of synthetic products and improve soil fertility, protect plants from pathogen attacks, and enhance the productivity of the agricultural sector resulting in less environmental pollution. Microbial bioengineering involving the use and improvement of encapsulation using polysaccharides has the required potential to address environmental issues and promote green chemistry. This article describes various encapsulation techniques and polysaccharides which have an immense applicable capability to encapsulate microbial cells. The review elucidates the factors that may result in a reduced viable cell count during encapsulation, particularly using the spray drying method, where a high temperature is required to dry the suspension, this may damage the microbial cells. The environmental advantage of the application of polysaccharides as carriers of beneficial microorganisms, which do not pose a risk for soil due to their full biodegradability, was also shown. The encapsulated microbial cells may assist in addressing certain environmental problems such as ameliorating the unfavourable effects of plant pests and pathogens, and promoting agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Ali
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Madgalena Frąc
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
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7
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Meirelles LN, Mesquita E, Corrêa TA, Bitencourt RDOB, Oliveira JL, Fraceto LF, Camargo MG, Bittencourt VREP. Encapsulation of entomopathogenic fungal conidia: evaluation of stability and control potential of Rhipicephalus microplus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102184. [PMID: 37105010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of chemical acaricides is the primary strategy to control tick infestations. Nonetheless, chemical resistance in ticks has been reported. Thus, complementary methods such as biological control using entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have been investigated. EPF, although efficient, have their viability compromised when applied under natural conditions, which indicates that formulation development is essential. Some researchers have demonstrated the efficacy of ionic gelation in protecting EPF against deleterious abiotic factors. In the present study, we conducted the ionic gelation technique to encapsulate Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) conidia in 2% (EC 2%) and 3% (EC 3%) sodium alginate. Next, the quantity and viability of encapsulated conidia (EC) were determined. The morphology of particles was characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). EC and non-encapsulated conidia (NEC) were stored at room temperature (26.8 °C) and in the freezer (-11.9 °C) to shelf-life testing. For UV-B irradiance tolerance and thermotolerance tests, EC and NEC were exposed to UV-B (6.0 or 8.0 kJ m - 2) and heat (42 ºC). In addition, biological parameters of Rhipicephalus microplus Canestrini (Acari: Ixodidae) engorged females exposed to EC were evaluated. The particles presented a spherical shape, more homogeneous (EC 2%) or heterogeneous (EC 3%). Encapsulation decreased (4.8×) the conidial concentration and did not affect their viability. On the other hand, encapsulation increased the shelf life of conidia at room temperature as well as their UV-B tolerance and thermotolerance (6 h). The fungal particles decreased the biological parameters of females more significantly than the NEC. As far as we know, we reported for the first time the use of the ionic gelation to encapsulate entomopathogenic fungi toward controlling R. microplus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nobrega Meirelles
- Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, s/n, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil.
| | - Emily Mesquita
- Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, s/n, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Almeida Corrêa
- Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, s/n, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira Barbosa Bitencourt
- Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, s/n, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil.
| | - Jhones Luiz Oliveira
- Environmental Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, São Paulo State University, Av. Três de Março, 511 - Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, SP 18087-180, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- Environmental Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, São Paulo State University, Av. Três de Março, 511 - Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, SP 18087-180, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Guedes Camargo
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, s/n, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil.
| | - Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro Bittencourt
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, s/n, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil.
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Mancera-López ME, Barrera-Cortés J, Mendoza-Serna R, Ariza-Castolo A, Santillan R. Polymeric Encapsulate of Streptomyces Mycelium Resistant to Dehydration with Air Flow at Room Temperature. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010207. [PMID: 36616556 PMCID: PMC9823993 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation is one of the technologies applied for the formulation of biological control agents. The function of the encapsulating matrix is to protect the biological material from environmental factors, while dehydration allows for its viability to be prolonged. An advantage of dehydrated encapsulation formulations is that they can be stored for long periods. However, vegetative cells require low-stress dehydration processes to prevent their loss of viability. Herein we describe the fabrication of a dehydrated encapsulate of the Streptomyces CDBB1232 mycelium using sodium alginate with a high concentration of mannuronic acid; sodium alginate was added with YGM medium for mycelium protection purposes. The encapsulation was carried out by extrusion, and its dehydration was carried out in a rotating drum fed with air at room temperature (2-10 L min-1). The drying of the capsules under air flows higher than 4 L min-1 led to viability loss of the mycelium. The viability loss can be decreased up to 13% by covering the alginate capsules with gum arabic. Compared to conventional dehydration processes, air moisture removal can be lengthy, but it is a low-cost method with the potential to be scaled.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Mancera-López
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Zacatenco Unit, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Josefina Barrera-Cortés
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Zacatenco Unit, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5557473800 (ext. 4380)
| | - Roberto Mendoza-Serna
- Career of Chemical Engineering, Multidisciplinary Experimental Research Unit (UMIEZ), Faculty of Higher Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Armando Ariza-Castolo
- Chemistry Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Zacatenco Unit, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Rosa Santillan
- Chemistry Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Zacatenco Unit, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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Braga ABAC, Costa CJM, Ribeiro EJ, Zotarelli MF, Santos LD. Evaluation of the microencapsulation process of conidia of Trichoderma asperellum by spray drying. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1871-1880. [PMID: 36173601 PMCID: PMC9679129 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microencapsulation of microorganisms has been studied to increase product shelf life and stability to enable the application in sustainable agriculture. In this study, the microencapsulation of Trichoderma asperellum conidia by spray drying (SD) was evaluated. The objective was to assess the effect of drying air temperature and wall material (maltodextrin DE20, MD20) concentration on the microencapsulation and to identify the optimum conditions to produce, in high yield, microparticles with low moisture, high conidial viability and conidial survival. Microparticles were characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, and shelf life. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to evaluate the effect of operating parameters on drying yield (DY), moisture content, conidial viability (CV), and conidial survival (SP). Microencapsulation experiments were carried out under optimum conditions to validate the obtained model. The optimum temperature and MD20/conidia dry weight ratios were 80 °C and 1:4.5, respectively, which afforded a drying yield of 63.85 ± 0.86%, moisture content of 4.92 ± 0.07%, conidial viability of 87.10 ± 1.16%, and conidial survival of 85.78 ± 2.88%. Microencapsulation by spray drying using MD20 as wall material extended the viability of conidia stored at 29 °C compared with the control. The mathematical models accurately predicted all the variables studied, and the association of the microencapsulation technique using DE20 maltodextrin was able to optimize the process and increase the product's shelf life. It was also concluded that high inlet air temperatures negatively affected conidia survival, especially above 100 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eloízio Júlio Ribeiro
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Líbia Diniz Santos
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil.
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10
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Saberi Riseh R, Hassanisaadi M, Vatankhah M, Soroush F, Varma RS. Nano/microencapsulation of plant biocontrol agents by chitosan, alginate, and other important biopolymers as a novel strategy for alleviating plant biotic stresses. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1589-1604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Brondi M, Florencio C, Mattoso L, Ribeiro C, Farinas C. Encapsulation of Trichoderma harzianum with nanocellulose/carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposite. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Tavares L, Zapata Noreña CP, Barros HL, Smaoui S, Lima PS, Marques de Oliveira M. Rheological and structural trends on encapsulation of bioactive compounds of essential oils: A global systematic review of recent research. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Li N, Cui R, Zhang F, Meng X, Liu B. Current situation and future challenges of patulin reduction-a review. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Development, Production, and Storage of Trichoderma Formulations for Agricultural Applications. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91650-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Tavares L, Noreña CPZ. Characterization of rheological properties of complex coacervates composed by whey protein isolate, chitosan and garlic essential oil. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Felizatti AP, Manzano RM, Rodrigues IMW, da Silva MFDGF, Fernandes JB, Forim MR. Encapsulation of B. bassiana in Biopolymers: Improving Microbiology of Insect Pest Control. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:704812. [PMID: 34484144 PMCID: PMC8415709 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.704812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Beauveria bassiana is widely used for pest control; however, biostability and dispersion for broth pulverization are limiting factors for its application in the field. In this context, formulation techniques such as microencapsulation are viable alternatives. The aim of this work is to optimize B. bassiana formulations by spray dryer and evaluate its stability and biological activity against Spodoptera cosmioides compared to ionic gelatinization formulations. The fungus was biocompatible with all evaluated biopolymers (lignin, cellulose, starch, humic substances, and alginate). The encapsulation by spray drying was optimized by factorial design in an inlet and outlet air temperature of 120°C and 68°C, respectively; aspirator rate of 35 m3·h−1, feed flow rate of 12 mL·min−1; and drying gas flow at 35 L·h−1. The ionic gelation capsules were obtained using a 0.5% quantity of conidia in a 1% sodium alginate solution dropped into a 0.5 mol·L−1 CaCl2 solution using a peristaltic pump. Spray drying provided smaller microcapsules than those by ionic gelation. Both techniques produced more stable conidia when exposed to temperature and UV-radiation than non-formulated B. bassiana. The formulations prepared by spray drying showed gains at aqueous dispersion. Biological assays against Spodoptera cosmioides showed a mortality rate of up to 90%. These results demonstrate the suitability of encapsulating B. bassiana conidia stably in aqueous dispersion without loss of viability and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Felizatti
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Roberta Maria Manzano
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Moacir Rossi Forim
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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Biopesticide Encapsulation Using Supercritical CO 2: A Comprehensive Review and Potential Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134003. [PMID: 34209179 PMCID: PMC8272144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As an alternative to synthetic pesticides, natural chemistries from living organisms, are not harmful to nontarget organisms and the environment, can be used as biopesticides, nontarget. However, to reduce the reactivity of active ingredients, avoid undesired reactions, protect from physical stress, and control or lower the release rate, encapsulation processes can be applied to biopesticides. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of the most common encapsulation processes for biopesticides are discussed. The use of supercritical fluid technology (SFT), mainly carbon dioxide (CO2), to encapsulate biopesticides is highlighted, as they reduce the use of organic solvents, have simpler separation processes, and achieve high-purity particles. This review also presents challenges to be surpassed and the lack of application of SFT for biopesticides in the published literature is discussed to evaluate its potential and prospects.
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Saberi-Riseh R, Moradi-Pour M, Mohammadinejad R, Thakur VK. Biopolymers for Biological Control of Plant Pathogens: Advances in Microencapsulation of Beneficial Microorganisms. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1938. [PMID: 34200966 PMCID: PMC8230584 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biofertilizers, including biocontrol agents such as Pseudomonas and Bacillus in agriculture can increase soil characteristics and plant acquisition of nutrients and enhancement the efficiency of manure and mineral fertilizer. Despite the problems that liquid and solid formulations have in maintaining the viability of microbial agents, encapsulation can improve their application with extended shelf-life, and controlled release from formulations. Research into novel formulation methods especially encapsulation techniques has increased in recent years due to the mounting demand for microbial biological control. The application of polymeric materials in agriculture has developed recently as a replacement for traditional materials and considered an improvement in technological processes in the growing of crops. This study aims to overview of types of biopolymers and methods used for encapsulation of living biological control agents, especially microbial organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi-Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718893514, Iran;
| | - Mojde Moradi-Pour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718893514, Iran;
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7618866749, Iran;
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
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19
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Seed coating as a delivery system for the endophyte Trichoderma koningiopsis Th003 in rice (Oryza sativa). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1889-1904. [PMID: 33559719 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Seed coating is a technique to cover seeds with external agents to upgrade their performance, handling, and plant establishment. Plant beneficial microbes (PBMs), such as plant growth-promoting bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, and other fungi (e.g., Trichoderma spp.), decrease agrochemical inputs, enhance tolerance to biotic-abiotic stresses, and increase essential plant nutrition. The demand for pre-treated seeds as delivery systems for biological agents is advancing. Here, a seed coating formulation containing Trichoderma koningiopsis is presented. The physicochemical and biological characterization of the seed coating prototypes included drying protector screening, the effect of the inoculum concentration on survival, the assessment of microbial release profiles in soil extract, and plant tissue colonization capability under semi-controlled conditions. Gelatine and pectin, two of the tested drying protectors, maintained fungus germination after 60 days at 18 °C with significantly higher values of up to 38% compared with the control. The initial concentration of 106 colony-forming units (CFU) per seed undergoes a positive effect on survival over time. Regarding plant tissue colonization, the fungus establishes endophytically in rice. In conclusion, seed coating is a promising alternative for the formulation of beneficial microbial agents such as Trichoderma sp., maintaining cell survival and further promoting the establishment in rice systems.Key points• Enhancing drying survival of T. koningiopsis formulates• Seed coating formulation approach for T. koningiopsis in rice• Colonization capacity of formulated T. koningiopsis in rice tissue.
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Maruyama CR, Bilesky-José N, de Lima R, Fraceto LF. Encapsulation of Trichoderma harzianum Preserves Enzymatic Activity and Enhances the Potential for Biological Control. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:225. [PMID: 32269991 PMCID: PMC7110528 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma harzianum is a biological control agent used against phytopathogens and biostimulation in agriculture. However, its efficacy can be affected by biotic and abiotic factors, and microencapsulation has been used to maximize the efficacy. The objective was to develop polymeric microparticles to encapsulate T. harzianum, to perform physicochemical characterization to evaluate its stability, to evaluate effects on the soil microbiota, antifungal activity in vitro and enzymatic activity. Size distribution of wet and dry microparticles was 2000 and 800 μm, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed spherical morphology and encapsulation of T. harzianum. Photostability assays showed that encapsulation protected the fungus against ultraviolet radiation. The evaluation of the microbiota showed that the proportion of denitrifying bacteria increased when compared to the control. The T. harzianum encapsulation showed an improvement in the chitinolytic and cellulosic activity. In vitro tests showed that encapsulated fungus were able to provide a greater control of S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Rodrigues Maruyama
- Environmental Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sorocaba, Brazil.,Laboratory of Bioactivity Assessment and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Natália Bilesky-José
- Laboratory of Bioactivity Assessment and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Renata de Lima
- Laboratory of Bioactivity Assessment and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- Environmental Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sorocaba, Brazil
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21
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Evaluation of lethality temperature and use of different wall materials in the microencapsulation process of Trichoderma asperellum conidias by spray drying. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Gul O. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus casei
Shirota by spray drying using different combinations of wall materials and application for probiotic dairy dessert. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Osman Gul
- Program of Food Technology, Yeşilyurt Demir-Celik Vocational School; Ondokuz Mayis University; Samsun Turkey
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23
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Xu Y, Wang L, Tong Y, Xiang S, Guo X, Li J, Gao H, Wu X. Study on the preparation, characterization, and release behavior of carbosulfan/polyurethane microcapsules. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Wang
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Tong
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Xiang
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Wu
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
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24
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Improved shelf life of dried Beauveria bassiana blastospores using convective drying and active packaging processes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8359-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Emulsion formulation optimization and characterization of spray-dried κ-carrageenan microparticles for the encapsulation of CoQ10. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:53-62. [PMID: 30263486 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is aimed to prepare κ-carrageenan microparticles for the encapsulation of model drug, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). A face-centered central composite design was employed to study the effects of three different formulation variables (κ-carrageenan, emulsifier, and oil). The powder yield was found inversely affected by the κ-carrageenan and oil concentration. The encapsulation efficiency was maximized in the region of the middle level κ-carrageenan concentration, the high level emulsifier concentration, and the low level oil concentration. The emulsifier concentration was the most influential variable on the particle size of powder. The optimal formulation was reported as 0.91% (w/v) κ-carrageenan concentration, 0.64% (w/v) emulsifier, and 1.0% (w/w) oil. Both differential scanning colorimeter and X-ray diffraction analyses proved that incorporation of CoQ10 into κ- carrageenan microcapsules resulted in amorphous powder with significantly (p<0.05) higher water solubility compared to pure CoQ10 and physical mixture in the crystalline form.
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MUNAENI WAODE, YUHANA MUNTI, WIDANARNI WIDANARNI. Effect of Micro-encapsulated Synbiotic at Different Frequencies for Luminous Vibriosis Control inWhite Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). MICROBIOLOGY INDONESIA 2014. [DOI: 10.5454/mi.8.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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27
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Chattah AK, Mroue KH, Pfund LY, Ramamoorthy A, Longhi MR, Garnero C. Insights into Novel Supramolecular Complexes of Two Solid Forms of Norfloxacin and β-Cyclodextrin. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:3717-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Rosas-Flores W, Ramos-Ramírez EG, Salazar-Montoya JA. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii using alginate and gellan gum. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:1011-7. [PMID: 23987441 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sodium alginate (SA) at 2% (w/v) and low acylated gellan gum (LAG) at 0.2% (w/v) were used to microencapsulate Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp lactis by employing the internal ionic gelation technique through water-oil emulsions at three different stirring rates: 480, 800 and 1200 rpm. The flow behavior of the biopolymer dispersions, the activation energy of the emulsion, the microencapsulation efficiency, the size distribution, the microcapsules morphology and the effect of the stirring rate on the culture viability were analyzed. All of the dispersions exhibited a non-Newtonian shear-thinning flow behavior because the apparent viscosity decreased in value when the shear rate was increased. The activation energy was calculated using the Arrhenius-like equation; the value obtained for the emulsion was 32.59 kJ/mol. It was observed that at 400 rpm, the microencapsulation efficiency was 92.83%, whereas at 800 and 1200 rpm, the stirring rates reduced the efficiency to 15.83% and 4.56%, respectively, evidencing the sensitivity of the microorganisms to the shear rate (13.36 and 20.05 s(-1)). Both optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed spherical microcapsules with irregular topography due to the presence of holes on its surface. The obtained size distribution range was modified when the stirring rate was increased. At 400 rpm, bimodal behavior was observed in the range of 20-420 μm; at 800 and 1200 rpm, the behavior became unimodal and the range was from 20 to 200 μm and 20 to 160 μm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walfred Rosas-Flores
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, P.O. Box 14-740, CP 07360, México city, Mexico
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Supramolecular complexes of maltodextrin and furosemide polymorphs: a new approach for delivery systems. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:292-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Gharibzahedi SMT, Razavi SH, Mousavi SM. Psyllium husk gum: An attractive carbohydrate biopolymer for the production of stable canthaxanthin emulsions. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:2002-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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