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Xie A, Wan H, Feng L, Yang B, Wan Y. Protective Effect of Anoectochilus formosanus Polysaccharide against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in BALB/c Mice. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091910. [PMID: 37174447 PMCID: PMC10178248 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Anoectochilus formosanus polysaccharide (AFP) was acquired a via water extraction and alcohol precipitation method. The immunoregulatory activity of AFP was first evaluated on cyclophosphamide (Cy)-treated mice. Galacturonic acid, glucose and galactose were confirmed to be the main components of AFP. AFP demonstrated the ability to stimulate the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Not surprisingly, the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by AFP was validated via Western blot analysis. Furthermore, AFP could alleviate Cy-induced immunosuppression, and significantly enhance the immunity of mice via increasing the thymus index and body weight, stimulating the production of cytokines (IgA, IgG, SIgA, IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ). The improvement in the intestinal morphology of immunosuppressed mice showed that AFP could alleviate Cy-induced immune toxicity. These results have raised the possibility that AFP may act as a natural immunomodulator. Overall, the study of AFP was innovative and of great significance for AFP's further application and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Boyun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yiqun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Zhang P, Xu Y, Qu F, Zhou P, Zhang J, Bi X, Xiao Y, Liu Y. Rapid quality evaluation of four kinds of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata by electronic eye combined with chemometrics. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:301-316. [PMID: 36697250 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., a widely used herbal medicine, has trouble with the hepatic adverse effect. Processing is an effective method to increase potency and reduce the adverse effects of herbal medicines. Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP), the decoction pieces processed from raw material, is widely consumed in clinical practice in many countries. The quality control of PMRP has attracted more and more attention worldwide. OBJECTIVE A simple and rapid quality evaluation method using an electronic eye (E-eye) combined with chemometrics was proposed for controlling the quality of PMRP. MATERIALS AND METHODS The semi-quantitative and quantitative data of 105 major components in 128 batches of PMRP samples obtained by three different analysis instruments were fused to investigate the correlation with the dynamic exterior colour determined by E-eye. The correlation between exterior colour and chemical fusion dataset was investigated by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). According to the results of correlation analysis, the color parameters of high-quality PMRP was set. RESULTS Correlation studies by chemometrics revealed that the exterior colour depth was significantly correlated with 32 components [variable importance in the projection (VIP) > 1.0, p < 0.05]. The colour parameter of E * ab located in the range of 46.69-51.66 can be used easily, rapidly, and in an environment-friendly way to determine whether the PMRP sample has reached sufficient processing time with good quality. CONCLUSION This study adds some scientific information to our understanding of traditional medicine while contributing an alternative method for assessing the quality of other decoction pieces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yudi Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fanna Qu
- Heilongjiang Institute for drug control, Harbin, Nangang District, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Bi
- Heilongjiang Institute for drug control, Harbin, Nangang District, China
| | - Yongqing Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Comparisons of physicochemical features and hepatoprotective potentials of unprocessed and processed polysaccharides from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123901. [PMID: 36871693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (PM) are used to treat different diseases, and PM has also been reported to have hepatotoxic effects. Moreover, mounting evidence indicates that processed PM is less toxic than raw PM. The changes in efficacy and toxicity of PM during the processing are closely related to the changes in chemical composition. Previous studies have mainly focused on the changes of anthraquinone and stilbene glycosides during process. Polysaccharides, as main components of PM, showed many pharmacological effects, but its changes in the processing has been neglected for a long time. In this study, the polysaccharides of PM in the raw (RPMPs) and processed products (PPMPs) were determined and the liver injury model induced by acetaminophen was utilized to evaluate the impact of polysaccharides on the liver. Results showed that the heteropolysaccharides RPMPs and PPMPs both comprised Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Ara and Xyl, but markedly differed in polysaccharide yield, molar ratio of monosaccharide composition and Mw. In vivo analysis, results showed that demonstrated that RPMPs and PPMPs both exerted hepatoprotective effects by upregulating antioxidant enzymes and repressing lipid peroxidation. It is noteworthy that the polysaccharide yield of processed PM was seven-fold higher than that of raw PM, so it is speculated that processed PM has better hepatoprotective effects at the same dose of decoction. The present work provides an important foundation for studying the polysaccharide activity of PM and further revealing the processing mechanism of PM. This study also proposed a new hypothesis that the significant increase of polysaccharide content in processed PM may be another reason that the product PM causes less liver injury.
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Chen L, Ren A, Wang Y, Qu Y, Gong H, Mayo KH, Zhou Y, Cheng H. Heterogalactan WPEP-N-b from Pleurotus eryngii enhances immunity in immunocompromised mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1010-1020. [PMID: 36410539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on in vivo immunomodulatory activities mediated by WPEP-N-b, a heterogalactan from Pleurotus eryngii. Using cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice, we demonstrate here that WPEP-N-b enhances immunity as determined by the immune organ index, peripheral blood immune cell content, splenocyte proliferation, NK cell activity and T lymphocyte subpopulations. WPEP-N-b prevented apoptosis of bone marrow cells induced by CTX. The level of cytokines (i.e. TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and macrophage activity in these immunocompromised mice were restored upon treated with WPEP-N-b. Mechanistically, it appears that WPEP-N-b enhances splenocyte proliferation and NK cell activity might through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-PKC signaling axis, and increases macrophage activity by activating JNK, p38 and NF-κB signaling pathways and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is the possible receptor of WPEP-N-b in macrophages. Our findings indicate that WPEP-N-b may function as a natural immune stimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ai Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yushi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yunhe Qu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Hesong Gong
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hairong Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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Jia Z, Liu L, Liu J, Fang C, Pan M, Zhang J, Li Y, Xian Z, Xiao H. Assessing potential liver injury induced by Polygonum multiflorum using potential biomarkers via targeted sphingolipidomics. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1578-1590. [PMID: 35949191 PMCID: PMC9377235 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2099908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (Polygonaceae) (PM) can cause potential liver injury which is typical in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs)-induced hepatotoxicity. The mechanism involved are unclear and there are no sensitive evaluation indicators. OBJECTIVE To assess PM-induced liver injury, identify sensitive assessment indicators, and screen for new biomarkers using sphingolipidomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups (control, model with low-, middle- and high-dose groups, n = 6 each). Rats in the three model groups were given different doses of PM (i.g., low/middle/high dose, 2.7/8.1/16.2 g/kg) for four months. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the plasma and liver were quantitatively analyzed. Fixed liver tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined under a light microscope. The targeted sphingolipidomic analysis of plasma was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The maximal tolerable dose (MTD) of PM administered intragastrically to mice was 51 g/kg. Sphingolipid profiling of normal and PM-induced liver injury SD rats revealed three potential biomarkers: ceramide (Cer) (d18:1/24:1), dihydroceramide (d18:1/18:0)-1-phosphate (dhCer (d18:1/18:0)-1P) and Cer (d18:1/26:1), at 867.3-1349, 383.4-1527, and 540.5-658.7 ng/mL, respectively. A criterion for the ratio of Cer (d18:1/24:1) and Cer (d18:1/26:1) was suggested and verified, with a normal range of 1.343-2.368 (with 95% confidence interval) in plasma. CONCLUSIONS Three potential biomarkers and one criterion for potential liver injury caused by PM that may be more sensitive than ALT and AST were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Jia
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Fang
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxia Pan
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yueting Li
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Xian
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, Wang X, Li H, Chen C, Liu X. Immunomodulatory Effects of Chicken Broth and Histidine Dipeptides on the Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression Mouse Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:4491. [PMID: 36364753 PMCID: PMC9659005 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The carnosine and anserine, which represent histidine dipeptides (HD), are abundant in chicken broth (CB). HD are endogenous dipeptide that has excellent antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. The immunomodulatory effect of CB hydrolysate (CBH) and HD in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice was examined in this study. CBH and HD were given to mice via oral gavage for 15 days, accompanied by intraperitoneal CTX administration to induce immunosuppression. CBH and HD treatment were observed to reduce immune organ atrophy (p < 0.05) and stimulate the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes (p < 0.05) while improving white blood cell, immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, CBH and HD strongly stimulated interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production by up-regulating IL-2 and IFN-γ mRNA expression (p < 0.05) while inhibiting interleukin-10 (IL-10) overproduction and IL-10 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). In addition, CBH and HD prevented the inhibition of the nitric oxide (NP)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cGMP-cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway (p < 0.05). These results indicate that CBH and HD have the potential to prevent immunosuppression induced by CTX. Our data demonstrate that CBH can effectively improve the immune capacity of immunosuppressed mice similar to the same amount of purified HD, which indicates that CBH plays its role through its own HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xixi Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102618, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Cunshe Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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7
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Gu D, Wang Y, Jin H, Kang S, Liu Y, Zan K, Fan J, Wei F, Ma S. Changes of Physicochemical Properties and Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides During Processing of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934710. [PMID: 35784754 PMCID: PMC9243645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (PM) have a long history of usage in traditional Chinese medicine and are still widely utilized today. PM in raw or processed form has different biological activities and is commonly used to treat different diseases. Polysaccharides are the main component of PM, and it is unclear whether their physicochemical properties and activities change after processing. In this study, the polysaccharides from thirty-one raw PM (RPMPs) and nine processed PM (PPMPs) were extracted, and the physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory activity in vitro of polysaccharide samples were evaluated. Results showed that RPMPs and PPMPs had significant differences in physicochemical properties. RPMPs and PPMPs were both composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose. However, RPMPs and PPMPs had significant differences in their yields, molecular weight (Mw), and the molar ratio of Glc/GalA (p < 0.05), which can be used to distinguish raw and processed PM. The fingerprint of monosaccharide composition was analyzed by chemometrics, and it was further demonstrated that Glc and GalA could be used as differential markers. The immunomodulatory activity assays indicated that RPMPs and PPMPs could significantly enhance phagocytosis and mRNA expression of cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the immunomodulatory activity of PPMPs with lower Mw was significantly better than that of RPMPs. This study furthers the understanding of the polysaccharides from raw and processed PM and provides a reference for improving the quality standard of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Gu
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Jin
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Kang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zan
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangcheng Ma,
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Cheng W, Wu S, Yuan Z, Hu W, Yu X, Kang N, Wang Q, Zhu M, Xia K, Yang W, Kang C, Zhang S, Li Y. Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, and Excretion Characteristics of a Radix Polygoni Multiflori Extract in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:827668. [PMID: 35264960 PMCID: PMC8899820 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.827668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although progress has been achieved in the pharmacological activity and toxicity of Radix Polygoni Multiflori (RPM), the chemical basis of its toxicity is still unclear. Here, we performed a multicompound pharmacokinetic analysis and investigated the tissue distribution and excretion characteristics of RPM components after oral administration in rats. The findings demonstrated that the active ingredients of the RPM extract were quickly absorbed after oral administration, with high exposure levels of emodin, 2,3,5,4′-teterahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), citreorosein, torachrysone-8-O-glucoside (TG), emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (EG), and physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside (PG). The tissue distributions of emodin, TSG, TG, EG, and PG were high in the liver and kidney. These components were the key contributors to the effectiveness and toxicity of RPM on the liver and kidney. Most of the active ingredients were mainly excreted through feces and bile, while a few were converted into other products in the body and excreted through urine and feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Cheng
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyang Wu
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyu Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nianxin Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiutao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mingying Zhu
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Xia
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Kang
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfei Li
- Center for DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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High-Throughput Identification of Organic Compounds from Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata ( Zhiheshouwu) by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133977. [PMID: 34209934 PMCID: PMC8428211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP), as the processed product of tuberous roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., is one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicines, with a long history. However, in recent years, liver adverse reactions linked to PMRP have been frequently reported. Our work attempted to investigate the chemical constituents of PMRP for clinical research and safe medication. In this study, an effective and rapid method was established to separate and characterize the constituents in PMRP by combining ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS). Based on the accurate mass measurements for molecular and characteristic fragment ions, a total of 103 compounds, including 24 anthraquinones, 21 stilbenes, 15 phenolic acids, 14 flavones, and 29 other compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. Forty-eight compounds were tentatively characterized from PMRP for the first time, and their fragmentation behaviors were summarized. There were 101 components in PMRP ethanol extract (PMRPE) and 91 components in PMRP water extract (PMRPW). Simultaneously, the peak areas of several potential xenobiotic components were compared in the detection, which showed that PMRPE has a higher content of anthraquinones and stilbenes. The obtained results can be used in pharmacological and toxicological research and provided useful information for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Teka T, Wang L, Gao J, Mou J, Pan G, Yu H, Gao X, Han L. Polygonum multiflorum: Recent updates on newly isolated compounds, potential hepatotoxic compounds and their mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113864. [PMID: 33485980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.(PM), (known as Heshouwu () in China) is one of the most important and well mentioned Chinese medicinal herbs in the literature for its use in blackening hair, nourishing liver and kidney, anti-aging, anti-hyperlipidemia, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotection, cardio-protection and improving age-related cognitive dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive and recent update on PM: new compounds or isolated for the first time, potential hepatotoxic compounds and their mechanisms. Moreover, future perspectives and challenges in the future study of this plant are conversed which will make a new base for further study on PM. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive review of relevant published literature on PM using the scientific databases SCOPUS, PubMed, and Science Direct was done. RESULTS PM is broadly produced in many provinces of China and well known in other Eastern Asian Countries for its ethno-medical uses. Previous phytochemical investigation of PM had led to the isolation of more than 175 compounds including recently isolated 70 new compounds. Most of the new compounds isolated after 2015 are majorly dianthrone glycosides and stilbene glycosides. Processing has also a significant effect on chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of PM. PM-induced liver injury is increasing after the first report in Hong Kong in 1996. Hepatotoxicity of PM was constantly reported in Japan, Korea, China, Australia, Britain, Italy, and other countries although its toxicity is related to idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. More interestingly, although there is indispensable interest to predict idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of PM and understand its mechanisms, the responsible hepatotoxic compounds and mechanisms of liver damage induced by PM are still not clear. There is a big controversy on the identification of the most responsible constituent. Anthraquinone and stilbene compounds in PM, mainly emodine and TSG are mentioned in the literature to be the main responsible hepatotoxic compounds. However, comparing the two compounds, which one is the more critical toxic agent for PM-induced hepatotoxicity is not well answered. Affecting different physiological and metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle pathway, metabolic pathways, bile acid excretion pathway and genetic polymorphisms are among the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity of PM. CONCLUSION Deeper and effective high throughput experimental studies are still research hotspots to know the most responsible constituent and the mechanism of PM-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tekleab Teka
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, P. O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Liming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Jiajia Mou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 69 Zengchan Road, Hebei District, Tianjin, 300250, PR China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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11
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Overview of Pharmacokinetics and Liver Toxicities of Radix Polygoni Multiflori. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12110729. [PMID: 33233441 PMCID: PMC7700391 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radix Polygoni Multiflori (RPM), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used as a tonic and an anti-aging remedy for centuries. However, its safe and effective application in clinical practice could be hindered by its liver injury potential and lack of investigations on its hepatotoxicity mechanism. Our current review aims to provide a comprehensive overview and a critical assessment of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion of RPM, and their relationships with its induced liver injury. Based on the well-reported intrinsic liver toxicity of emodin, one of the major components in RPM, it is concluded that its plasma and liver concentrations could attribute to RPM induced liver injury via metabolic enzymes alteration, hepatocyte apoptosis, bile acids homeostasis disruption, and inflammatory damage. Co-administered 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside in RPM and other drugs/herbs could further aggravate the hepatotoxicity of emodin via enhancing its absorption and inhibiting its metabolism. To ensure the safe clinical use of RPM, a better understanding of the toxicokinetics and effect of its co-occurring components or other co-administered drugs/herbs on the pharmacokinetics of emodin is warranted.
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12
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Immunostimulatory Effects of Polysaccharides from Spirulina platensis In Vivo and Vitro and Their Activation Mechanism on RAW246.7 Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110538. [PMID: 33126624 PMCID: PMC7692637 DOI: 10.3390/md18110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Spirulina platensis (S.p.) polysaccharide (PSP) was obtained by ultrasonic-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) and purified by an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). Two different methods were applied to purified Spirulina platensis (S.p.) polysaccharide (PSP), respectively, due to PSP as a complex multi-component system. Three polysaccharide fractions (PSP-1, PSP-2, and PSP-3) with different acidic groups were obtained after PSP was fractionated by the diethyl aminoethyl (DEAE)-52 cellulose chromatography, and two polysaccharide fractions (PSP-L and PSP-H) with different molecular weight were obtained by ultrafiltration centrifugation. The chemoprotective effects of PSP in cyclophosphamide (Cy) treated mice were investigated. The results showed that PSP could significantly increase spleen and thymus index, peripheral white blood cells (PWBC), and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The in vivo immunostimulatory assays demonstrated that PSP could in dose-dependent increase of TNF-α, IL-10, and IFN-γ production in sera. The in vitro immunostimulatory assays showed that PSP and its fractions (PSPs) could evidently enhance the proliferation of splenocytes and RAW 264.7 cells and increase the productions of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). PSPs could also enhance phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells. The acidic polysaccharide fractions of PSP-2, PSP-3, and PSP-L with small molecular weight had the higher immunostimulatory activity. Signaling pathway research results indicated that PSP-L activated RAW264.7 cells through MAPKs, NF-κB signaling pathways via TLR4 receptor.
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13
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Medlej MK, Cherri B, Nasser G, Zaviska F, Hijazi A, Li S, Pochat-Bohatier C. Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from a wild species of Ornithogalum combining ultrasound and maceration and their anti-oxidant properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:958-968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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He JQ, Zheng MX, Ying HZ, Zhong YS, Zhang HH, Xu M, Yu CH. PRP1, a heteropolysaccharide from Platycodonis Radix, induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells via regulating miR-21-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:542-551. [PMID: 32380108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two polysaccharides (PRP1 and PRP2) were isolated from Platycodonis Radix. Preliminary structural analysis indicated that PRP1 was composed of glucose, fructose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 1:1.91:1.59 with a molecular weight of 440 kDa, whereas PRP2 was composed of arabinose, fructose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 1:1.39:1.18 with a molecular weight of 2.85 kDa. Compared with PRP2, PRP1 exerted stronger anticancer activity in vitro. Treatment with 5-30 μg/ml of PRP1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro, and oral administration at the doses of 75-300 mg/kg also reduced the tumor growth in vivo. The miRNA expression patterns of human liver cancer cells HepG2 in vivo under PRP1 treatment were established, and microRNA-21 (miR-21) as the onco-miRNA was appreciably downregulated. PRP1 repressed the expression of miR-21, which directly targeted and suppressed PTEN (a negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade), and subsequently upregulated the expression of PTEN but downregulated the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby promoting liver cancer cell apoptosis. These findings indicated that PRP1 inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of HepG2 mainly via inactivating the miR-21/PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, PRP1 could be used as a food supplement and candidate for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Min-Xia Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hua-Zhong Ying
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yu-Sen Zhong
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Min Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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15
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Wang J, Fan L, Hu M, Ma F, Qi J. Spectrum-effect relationship between fingerprints and hemopoietic effects of small molecular fraction of Polygoni Multiflori radix praeparata. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4821. [PMID: 32150287 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polygoni multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP) is a traditional medicine used for nourishing essence and blood in China. However, it is unclear which PMRP compounds are responsible for its hematopoietic effect. In this study, spectrum-effect relationship was used to discovery potential hematopoietic compounds. The fingerprints of 20 PMRP batches were established by HPLC and the hematopoietic effect was determined using red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet indexes in aplastic anemia model mice. The spectrum-effect relationship between common peaks and hematopoietic efficacy values was established using gray relational analysis and partial least squares analysis. Spectrum-effect relationship results showed that peaks 21 (emodin-8-O-(6´-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucoside), 15 (2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-di-glucoside), 16 (cis-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside), 11 (unknown), 20(unknown, 12 (epicatechin), 29 (carboxyl emodin), and 31 (emodin) in the fingerprints were closely related to the hematopoietic effect. This work successfully established the spectrum-effect relationship between PMRP hematopoietic effect and its fingerprints, which can be used to explain the material basis for the PMRP hematopoietic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunXing Wang
- Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - LuoDi Fan
- Infinitus Chinese Herbal Immunity Research Centre, Infinitus (China) Company Limited, Guangzhou, China
| | - MingHua Hu
- Infinitus Chinese Herbal Immunity Research Centre, Infinitus (China) Company Limited, Guangzhou, China
| | - FangLi Ma
- Infinitus Chinese Herbal Immunity Research Centre, Infinitus (China) Company Limited, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Qi
- Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Zhang Z, Yang L, Huang X, Gao Y. A Serum Metabolomic Study on Rats Induced by Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparata by Pattern Recognition and Pathways Analysis. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:306-318. [PMID: 31761827 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the differential metabolomic effects between water extracts of Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparata in rats. The extracts were subsequently administered for 28 d. Serum biochemical indicators were tested, hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining were used to detect histopathological changes in the livers. Ultra-performance LC/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to detect the changes in endogenous metabolites. Finally, we performed detailed analysis of the changes in metabolic pathways. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining results indicated that the water extracts of Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparata had mild liver injury effect. Fifty-two differential endogenous biomarkers were confirmed as potential biomarkers between Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparata groups. In the positive ion mode, the biomarkers included 31 Phosphatidyl cholines (PCs), six lysoPCs, and ceramide. In the negative ion mode, 12 biomarkers were confirmed, including glycodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and deoxycholic acid, etc. In Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) mode, nine biomarkers were confirmed, including niacinamide, L-palmitoylcarnitine, and butyrylcarnitine, etc. Using MetaboAnalyst 4.0, six related metabolic pathways, including taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism and primary bile synthesis, were confirmed as the most differential pathways between the Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparata groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine.,Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
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17
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Hashem MA, Mahmoud EA, Abd-Allah NA. Alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters and DNA status in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and treated with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-019-03089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Chu Q, Zhang Y, Chen W, Jia R, Yu X, Wang Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Ye X, Yu L, Zheng X. Apios americana Medik flowers polysaccharide (AFP) alleviate Cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in ICR mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 144:829-836. [PMID: 31734373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppression refers to the suppression of the immune response. The immune function of immunocompromised people is not enough to resist bacterial, viral, fungal and other infections, leading to a series of diseases. A large number of experimental data show that polysaccharide compounds are immune modulators, which can enhance the body immunity with little toxic. Meanwhile, it can reduce the side effects of commonly used immunosuppressants, such as cytotoxicity, decreased ability of the body to fight infection, and inhibition of the reproduction of bone marrow hematopoietic cells. It can be used as oral or injectable drugs. In this study, a purified polysaccharide was primarily extracted from the flowers of Apios americana Medik (AAM), which can improve the immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). The immunoenhancement effect of AFP was evaluated by measuring the body weight, immune organ index, cytokine secretion and antibody generated levels of CTX-induced mice. Our results showed that AFP could significantly improve the above immune indexes, which indicated AFP could alleviate immunosuppression induced by CTX. The study provided a theoretical basis for the promotion, development and application of AAM as a newly introduced food material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruoyi Jia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yonglu Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lushuang Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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19
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Patanapongpibul M, Chen QH. Immune Modulation of Asian Folk Herbal Medicines and Related Chemical Components for Cancer Management. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3042-3067. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170705112644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Various exciting immunotherapies aiming to address immune deficiency induced
by tumor and treatment hold promise in improving the quality of life and survival
rate of cancer patients. It is thus becoming an important and rewarding arena to develop
some appropriate immune modulators for cancer prevention and/or treatment. Exploitation
of natural products-based immune modulators is of particular imperative because the
potential of numerous traditional herbal medicines and edible mushrooms in boosting
human immune system has long been verified by folklore practices. This review summarizes
the immune modulations of various herbal medicines and edible mushrooms, their
crude extracts, and/or key chemical components that have been, at least partly, associated
with their cancer management. This article also tabulates the origin of species, key
chemical components, and clinical studies of these herbal medicines and edible mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manee Patanapongpibul
- Department of Chemistry, California State University Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S SB70, Fresno, CA 93740, United States
| | - Qiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S SB70, Fresno, CA 93740, United States
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20
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ZHU LL, FAN LD, HU MH, MA FL, QI J. Hematopoietic effect of small molecular fraction of Polygoni multiflori Radix Praeparata in cyclophosphamide-induced anemia mice. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:535-544. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Xiang B, Yu X, Li B, Xiong Y, Long M, He Q. Characterization, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of a neutral polysaccharide from Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12899. [PMID: 31353707 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A neutral polysaccharide (DIP-1) from Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke was obtained by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and chromatographic separation (DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange column and Sephadex G-100 gel column). The physicochemical properties of DIP-1 were elucidated by gel permeation chromatography, monosaccharide composition, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, UV-visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscope and Congo red test. The results indicated that DIP-1 was consisted of mannose, glucosamine, glucose, galactose and arabinose in a ratio of 1.00:0.42:18.36:14.17:0.81, and its molecular weight was 218.3 kDa. Meanwhile, DIP-1 presented a straight hexahedron structure, but no triple-helical conformation. In antioxidant activity tests, DIP-1 exhibited powerful scavenging activities on hydroxyl, DPPH, ABTS radicals and reducing power in a dose-dependent manner. Especially, DIP-1 demonstrated high inhibitory activities against SKOV-3 and Hep-G2 cells in vitro, with IC50 values of 1.42 and 1.23 mg/ml, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: D. indica has been used for a long time as a Chinese medicine for therapy of many diseases, including cancer, inflammation, leprosy, fever, bleeding and so on. At present, polysaccharides have attracted comprehensive attention because of a large range of pharmacological and biological properties, including antitumor, antidiabetic, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity. In the present study, we purified and characterized a neutral polysaccharide from D. indica for the first time. Moreover, the neutral polysaccharide exhibits significant antioxidant and antitumor activities. Therefore, the present study laid a foundation for the high-value application of D. indica polysaccharides in functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Xiang
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Long
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiyi He
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Rodríguez Bustos H, Espinoza-Navarro O, Castro ME. Effect of classical conditioning over immature and mature B lymphocytes regulation. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:1451-1455. [PMID: 30365190 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Classical conditioning (CC) with a sweet flavored is useful for experimental models of immune response. The objective this work was analyze spleen cell response on the differentiation of B-lymphocytes associated with the CC with sweet flavored in adult rats. Twelve adult male rats were divided (n = 3) in Group 1 (control); Group 2 without conditioned stimulus (WCS) received only water; Group 3 receiving only water with salt; Group 4 (experimental) with CS of sweet flavored and salty flavored afterwards. In every work group, all animals were subjected to the unconditioned stimulus (US) treated by 10 mg/kg body weight of cyclophosphamide injected intraperitoneally (i.p.). Subsequently an immunological challenge with sheep red blood cells i.p. was applied. Spleen samples were obtained 15 days after using euthanasia with 1% sodium thiopental i.p. The evaluation B lymphocyte (immature and mature) was performed by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies against CD20 and against CD37, and revealed with HRP/DAB. The results show in every work group significant increases of CD20+ and CD37+ cell densities in the red pulp of the spleen of male adult rats from different groups of the experimental design. We concluded that the immunomodulatory response under CC might facilitate a less aggressive and more physiological immunological response against immunosuppression. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The immune response can be reinforced by classical conditioning. The sweet taste allows to positively condition the immune response. B lymphocytes actively participate in the immune response and classical conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Rodríguez Bustos
- Laboratory of Morphology, Anatomy and Development of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omar Espinoza-Navarro
- Laboratory of Morphology, Anatomy and Development of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Eugenia Castro
- Laboratory of Morphology, Anatomy and Development of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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23
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Yang JB, Li WF, Liu Y, Wang Q, Cheng XL, Wei F, Wang AG, Jin HT, Ma SC. Acute toxicity screening of different extractions, components and constituents of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:205-213. [PMID: 29334663 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. has been used widely in East Asia in treatment of diseases associated with aging. However, there are many reports referred to the toxicity of P. multiflorum, especially for liver adverse reactions. The toxicity of it is caused by over dosage or by the herb itself remains unclear. The aim of this study was to study the toxicity of different extractions, components and constituents of P. multiflorum, which were assessed in zebrafish embryos. Firstly, the difference of extracting solvent to the toxicity of P. multiflorum was researched to probe the influence of usages to the safety of P. multiflorum. The toxicity of 70% EtOH extract is considerably higher than that of other extracts. Secondly, 70% EtOH extract was subjected to macroporous resin (DM-8) eluting with a gradient of water and EtOH (H2O, 25% EtOH, 40% EtOH and 95% EtOH) to give four components (A-D). The toxicity of the component (D) showed higher than the other components (A-C). Thus, the component (D) was taken more attentions to research. Lastly, study on the chemical constituents of the component (D), 27 compounds, including 7 anthraquinones (1-7), 8 stilbenes (8-15), 7 anthrones (16-22), 3 cinnamic acid amides (23-25), 2 naphthols (26-27) were isolated and assessed in zebrafish embryos. Compounds 1-3, 16-22 and 26-27 showed severe toxicity against the zebrafish embryos while other compounds, such as stilbenes, showed no obvious toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Yang
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnomedicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wan-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnomedicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnomedicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xian-Long Cheng
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnomedicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnomedicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ai-Guo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong-Tao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnomedicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing 100050, China.
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Structure characterization of two functional polysaccharides from Polygonum multiflorum and its immunomodulatory. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Polysaccharides from Phormidium versicolor (NCC466) protecting HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and rat liver tissues from cadmium toxicity: Evidence from in vitro and in vivo tests. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:813-820. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Zhang J, Xu W, Wang P, Huang J, Bai JQ, Huang ZH, Liu XS, Qiu XH. Chemical Analysis and Multi-Component Determination in Chinese Medicine Preparation Bupi Yishen Formula Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography With Linear Ion Trap-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry and Triple-Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:568. [PMID: 29937729 PMCID: PMC6002530 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bupi Yishen Formula (BYF), a Chinese medicine preparation, has been clinically applied for the recovery of chronic kidney disease and for delaying its progress. Nevertheless, the chemical components in BYF have yet to be fully clarified. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn) and triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TQ-MS/MS) methods were developed for qualitative chemical profiling and multi-components quantitative analysis in BYF. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm i.d., 1.7 μm) using gradient elution of water (A) and acetonitrile (B) both containing 0.1% formic acid. Eighty-six compounds, including flavones, saponins, phenolic acids, and other compounds were authenticated or temporarily deduced according to their retention behaviors, mass mensuration, and characteristic fragment ions with those elucidated reference substances or literatures. Among the herbal medicinal materials of the formula, Astragali Radix, Codonopsis Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Rhizoma, and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata contributed to the bulk of the dissolved metabolites of the formula extraction. In addition, seven analytes were simultaneously determined by UHPLC-TQ-MS/MS, which was validated and has managed to determine major components in BYF. The study indicated that the established qualitative and quantitative methods would be potent and dependable analytical tools for characterizing multi-constituent in complex prescriptions decoction and provided a basis for the evaluation of bioactive components in BYF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Qi Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Li MH, Ruan LY, Chen C, Xing YX, Hong W, Du RH, Wang JS. Protective effects of Polygonum multiflorum on ischemic stroke rat model analysed by 1H NMR metabolic profiling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 155:91-103. [PMID: 29625260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the third most common cause of death in most industrialized countries. Polygonum multiflorum (He-Shou-Wu, HSW) is one of the traditional Chinese medicines with multiple pharmacological activities which is widely used in Chinese recipe. This study aims to explore the protective effect of HSW on ischemic stroke rat model and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The mortality rate, neurological deficit, cerebral infarct size, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, biochemical parameters, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to access the treatment effects of HSW on ischemic stroke. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) based metabolomics analysis disclosed that HSW could relieve stroke rats suffering from the ischemia/reperfusion injury by ameliorating the disturbed energy and amino acids metabolisms, alleviating the oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species and reducing the inflammation. HSW treatment increased levels of cellular antioxidants that scavenged reactive oxygen species during ischemia-reperfusion via the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway, and exert anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing the levels of inflammatory factors such as cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. The integrated metabolomics approach showed its potential in understanding mechanisms of HSW in relieving ischemic stroke. Further study to develop HSW as an effective therapeutic agent to treat ischemic stroke is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Li
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ling-Yu Ruan
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yue-Xiao Xing
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Rong-Hui Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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Rodrigues MJ, Custódio L, Lopes A, Oliveira M, Neng NR, Nogueira JMF, Martins A, Rauter AP, Varela J, Barreira L. Unlocking the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential of Polygonum maritimum. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1348-1357. [PMID: 28301958 PMCID: PMC6130642 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1301493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Several Polygonum species (Polygonaceae) are used in traditional medicine in Asia, Europe and Africa to treat inflammation and diabetes. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential of methanol and dichloromethane extracts of leaves and roots of the halophyte Polygonum maritimum L. MATERIAL AND METHODS Antioxidant activity was determined (up to 1 mg/mL) as radical-scavenging activity (RSA) of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), copper (CCA) and iron (ICA) chelating activities and iron reducing power (FRAP). NO production was measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages for 24 h at concentrations up to 100 μg/mL and antidiabetic potential was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition (up to 10 mg/mL) assays. The phytochemical composition of the extracts was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS The methanol leaf extract had the highest activity against DPPH• (IC50 = 26 μg/mL) and ABTS+• (IC50 = 140 μg/mL), FRAP (IC50 = 48 μg/mL) and CCA (IC50 = 770 μg/mL). Only the dichloromethane leaf extract (LDCM) showed anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 = 48 μg/mL). The methanol root (IC50 = 19 μg/mL) and leaf (IC50 = 29 μg/mL) extracts strongly inhibited baker's yeast α-glucosidase, but LDCM had higher rat's α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 2527 μg/mL) than acarbose (IC50 = 4638 μg/mL). GC-MS analysis identified β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, 1-octacosanol and linolenic acid as possible molecules responsible for the observed bioactivities. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest P. maritimum as a source of high-value health promoting commodities for alleviating symptoms associated with oxidative and inflammatory diseases, including diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luísa Custódio
- CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Andreia Lopes
- CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marta Oliveira
- CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nuno R. Neng
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M. F. Nogueira
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alice Martins
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Amélia P. Rauter
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Varela
- CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- CONTACT Luísa BarreiraCCMAR Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139Faro, Portugal
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Immunoenhancement Effects of Glycosaminoglycan from Apostichopus japonicus: In Vitro and In Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice Studies. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15110347. [PMID: 29112115 PMCID: PMC5706037 DOI: 10.3390/md15110347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the immunomodulatory activities of Apostichopus japonicus glycosaminoglycan (AHG) on the nature killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated mice were investigated. After stimulation with multiple concentrations of AHG (0–100 μg/mL), NK cells and CTLs displayed outperformance against YAC-1 and B16 cells, respectively. Furthermore, the mitogen-induced splenic lymphocyte proliferation in CY-induced immunosuppressed mice was significantly promoted by AHG. In addition, the administration of AHG dramatically increased the splenocytes Ca2+ concentration and the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, AHG could strongly increase the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and could decrease the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the heart, kidney and liver. These findings indicated that AHG played an important role in the immune enhancement and protection against CY-induced immunosuppression and oxidative damage. Our findings provide experimental evidence for further research and possible immunostimulatory applications of AHG in clinical practice.
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30
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Zhang J, Wang T, Ren Z, Gong L, Huang J, Bai J, Qiu X, Xu W. Application of HPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS for metabolic profiles of Polygonum multiflora extract in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [PMID: 28833268 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The root of Polygonum multiflorum (PM) is an important Chinese herbal medicine for treatment of various diseases. Extensive pharmacological studies have been conducted and demonstrated that it shows a wide range of bioactivities. Meanwhile, a considerable number of hepatotoxicity cases owing to oral administration of PM have been reported and have attracted great attention. However, the limited knowledge regarding the metabolism of PM restricts the deeper studies on its pharmacological/toxicological mechanism and therapeutic material basis. The present study aimed to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a linear ion trap-Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometry method for separation and identification of metabolites in rat urine and plasma after oral administration of PM. Based on the proposed strategy, metabolism profiles of PM in rats were proposed for the first time and 43 metabolites were characterized or tentatively identified. Phase II metabolism, such as glucuronidation and sulfation, are the principal pathways of the main components. These findings will be beneficial to further understanding of the pharmacological mechanism and pharmacodynamic material basis of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tenghua Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese medical sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyao Ren
- Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese medical sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqi Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese medical sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese medical sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property of an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 96:494-500. [PMID: 28034823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed APS was composed of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00. The presence of uronic acid was also confirmed by the bands at 1740, 1645 and 1425cm-1 on Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. The non-reducing terminal α-l-Araf-(1→ was probably attached to the O-6 position of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues. Besides, APS exhibited rod-like and flaky shapes with rough surface. The initial decomposition of APS occurred at 172°C, and the rapidest weight loss rate of APS appeared at 320°C. Antioxidant activity assay showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL. At the concentration of 400μg/mL, the antiproliferation activities of APS against HepG-2 and BGC-823 cells were 65.28% and 51.57%, respectively. Our results suggested APS could be a potential antioxidant and antitumor agent.
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32
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Structural characterization and anti-hypoxia activity of an exopolysaccharide isolated from fermentation broth of Lachnum sp. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Li H, Cao S, Wang X, Zuo Q, Chen P, Liu Y, Liu M, Feng Y, Hao X, Xiang L, Zeng X. Quality evaluation of Heshouwu, a Taoist medicine in Wudang, China. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2317-2323. [PMID: 27698731 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., which is known as Heshouwu in China, is a Taoist medicine sourced from the Wudang mountain area. At present, the quality of the Heshouwu sourced from this region is unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of wild Heshouwu collected from the Wudang mountain area, particularly the 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) and combined anthraquinone (CAQ) content, compared with that of commercially available Heshouwu. Furthermore, the potential quantities of organic pesticide residues were determined. High performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector was used to quantify TSG and CAQ content, whereas gas chromatography (GC), performed using a temperature gradient, was used to detect the presence of organochlorine, pyrethroid and organophosphorus pesticides. The average TSG content present in the wild Heshouwu from the Wudang mountain area and in the commercially available Heshouwu was 2.39 and 1.10%, respectively. In addition, the average content of CAQ in these was 1.41 and 3.46%, respectively. GC did not detect residues of organic pesticides in the wild Heshouwu, thus this plant met the criterion of the Chinese Pharmacopeia (2010 edition). The results of the present study indicated that wild Heshouwu from the Wudang mountain area may be suitable for use as a Chinese medicine across China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Li
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Shuqiang Cao
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Xuanbin Wang
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Qimin Zuo
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Xincai Hao
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Longchao Xiang
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Zeng
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:132-42. [PMID: 27212220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum is a popular Chinese herbal medicine with various pharmacological functions. In this study, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction condition, structural characterization and antitumor activity of a polysaccharide from roots of P. multiflorum were investigated. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction condition was optimized by single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. Results showed that the maximum extraction yield (5.49%) was obtained at ultrasonic power 158W, extraction temperature 62°C, extraction time 80min and ratio of water to material 20mL/g. The obtained crude polysaccharides were further purified to afford a neutral and an acidic fraction. The structure of the main neutral polysaccharide (named PPS with molecular weight of 3.26×10(5)Da) was characterized as a linear (1→6)-α-d-glucan by gas chromatography, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, methylation analysis, 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance. At the concentration of 400μg/mL, the inhibitory ratios of PPS on HepG-2 and BGC-823 cells were 53.35% and 38.58%, respectively. Results suggested this polysaccharide could be a potential natural antitumor agent.
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Zhang Q, Xu Y, Zou S, Zhang X, Cao K, Fan Q. Novel functional polysaccharides from Radix Polygoni Multiflori water extracted residue: Preliminary characterization and immunomodulatory activity. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 137:625-631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Cui H, Li T, Wang L, Su Y, Xian CJ. Dioscorea bulbifera polysaccharide and cyclophosphamide combination enhances anti-cervical cancer effect and attenuates immunosuppression and oxidative stress in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 5:19185. [PMID: 26753518 PMCID: PMC4709656 DOI: 10.1038/srep19185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is commonly used in cancer chemotherapy, which causes immunosuppression and tissue oxidative stress at high doses. As potential protective agents, some polysaccharides were shown to have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and/or anti-oxidant properties. This study explored potential effects of oral treatment of Dioscorea bulbifera polysaccharides (DBLP at 100 or 150 mg/kg) in U14 cervical tumor-bearing mice treated with CTX (25 mg/kg). While CTX suppressed tumor growth (65.4% inhibition) and DBLP alone also inhibited tumor (25.6% at 100 mg/kg or 37.6% at 150 mg/kg), CTX+DBLP combination produced tumor inhibition rates of 5.6 (for 100 mg/kg DBLP) or 9% (for 150 mg/kg) higher than CTX alone. While tumor itself and CTX treatment reduced thymus and/or spleen/body weight indices, DBLP alone or CTX + DBLP combination attenuated this reduction. DBLP lowered peripheral blood T-cell subpopulation CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and DBLP+CTX combination attenuated CTX effect in lifting CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Tumor itself and CTX treatment heightened oxidative stress (with decreased superoxide dismutase but increased lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels in serum and tissues), which was attenuated by DBLP treatment, and DBLP+CTX combination suppressed CTX-induced oxidative stress. Combination use of DBLP with CTX can potentially enhance CTX anti-tumor effect and can attenuate CTX-induced immunosuppression and oxidative stress in U14 cervical tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Cui
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China.,Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Sansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Yan Su
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Cory J Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide isolated from Trametes orientalis. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 131:248-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Lin L, Ni B, Lin H, Zhang M, Li X, Yin X, Qu C, Ni J. Traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.: a review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 159:158-83. [PMID: 25449462 PMCID: PMC7127521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., which is known as Heshouwu ( in Chinese) in China. It is traditionally valued and reported for hair-blacking, liver and kidney-tonifying and anti-aging effects as well as low toxicity. The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive information on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological research and toxicology of Polygonum multiflorum, based on the scientific literature. Moreover, trends and perspectives for future investigation of this plant are discussed. It will build up a new foundation for further study on Polygonum multiflorum. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of the literature on Polygonum multiflorum was performed using several resources, including classic books on Chinese herbal medicine and various scientific databases, such as PubMed, SciFinder, the Web of Science, Science Direct, China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI). RESULTS Polygonum multiflorum is widely distributed throughout the world and has been used as a traditional medicine for centuries in China. The ethnomedical uses of Polygonum multiflorum have been recorded in many provinces of China and Japan for nine species of adulterants in six families. More than 100 chemical compounds have been isolated from this plant, and the major components have been determined to be stilbenes, quinones, flavonoids and others. Crude extracts and pure compounds of this plant are used as effective agents in pre-clinical and clinical practice due to their anti-aging, anti-hyperlipidaemia, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects and to promote immunomodulation, neuroprotection, and the curing of other diseases. However, these extracts can also lead to hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and embryonic toxicity. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the main components of Polygonum multiflorum, such as 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and emodin are distributed among many organs and tissues. CONCLUSION Therapeutic potential of Polygonum multiflorum has been demonstrated in the conditions like Alzheimer׳s disease, Parkinson׳s disease, hyperlipidaemia, inflammation and cancer, which is attributed to the presence of various stilbenes, quinones, flavonoids, phospholipids and other compounds in the drug. On the other hand, the adverse effects (hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and embryonic toxicity) of this plant were caused by the quinones, such as emodin and rhein. Thus more pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms on main active compounds are necessary to be explored, especially the combined anthraquinones (Emodin-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, Physcion-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, etc.) and the variety of stilbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Boran Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Hongmei Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xuechun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Changhai Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Yang G, Yang L, Zhuang Y, Qian X, Shen Y. Ganoderma lucidumpolysaccharide exerts anti-tumor activity via MAPK pathways in HL-60 acute leukemia cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 36:6-13. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.970275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Carboxymethylation of an exopolysaccharide from Lachnum and effect of its derivatives on experimental chronic renal failure. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 114:190-195. [PMID: 25263881 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Carboxymethylated polysaccharide CLEP-1b was prepared from a single component (LEP-1b) of Lachnum YM281 exopolysaccharides by molecular modification with a degree of substitution (DS) of 0.286. Infrared result proved that the carboxymethylation of LEP-1b succeeded and (13)C NMR result showed that the carboxymethyl group (CH2COOH) was chemically linked to an oxygen (O) atom of the hydroxyl on C-3 of LEP-1b. LEP-1b could improve the histopathological status of kidney and significantly reduce the contents of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and increase the contents of total protein and albumin. It could also enhance the activity of SOD, GSH-PX, CAT, GSH and decrease MDA contents in the nephridial and hepatic tissues. What's more, CLEP-1b showed more significant effects than LEP-1b at the same dosage. The research indicated that LEP-1b and CLEP-1b could mitigate the chronic renal failure of mice and the effects were closely associated with antioxidant activity.
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Purification, characterization and promoting effect on wound healing of an exopolysaccharide from Lachnum YM405. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 105:169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wei J, Wang S, Liu G, Pei D, Liu Y, Liu Y, Di D. Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera enhance the immunity of normal mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 64:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sun X, Gao RL, Xiong YK, Huang QC, Xu M. Antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Lilii Bulbus in mice. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 102:543-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Biomaterials are playing a vital role in our day-to-day life. Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid), a biomaterial, receives special attention among them. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polyanionic natural polymer occurring as linear polysaccharide composed of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine repeats via a β-1,4 linkage. It is the most versatile macromolecule present in the connective tissues of all vertebrates. Hyaluronic acid has a wide range of applications with its excellent physicochemical properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and nonimmunogenicity and serves as an excellent tool in biomedical applications such as osteoarthritis surgery, ocular surgery, plastic surgery, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. It plays a key role in cushioning and lubricating the body and is abundant in the eyes, joints, and heart valves. A powerful antioxidant, hyaluronic acid is perhaps best known for its ability to bond water to tissue. Hyaluronan production increases in proliferating cells, and the polymer may play a role in mitosis. This chapter gives an overview of hyaluronic acid and its physicochemical properties and applications. This chapter gives a deep understanding on the special benefits of hyaluronic acid in the fields of pharmaceutical, medical, and environmental applications. Hyaluronic acid paves the way for beneficial research and applications to the welfare of life forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad N Sudha
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, DKM College for Women, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Maximas H Rose
- Department of Biology, Sri Sai Vidyasharam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Du Z, Liu H, Zhang Z, Li P. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Radix Isatidis polysaccharide in murine alveolar macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 58:329-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ke C, Wang D, Sun Y, Qiao D, Ye H, Zeng X. Immunostimulatory and antiangiogenic activities of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:401-7. [PMID: 23727180 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The immunostimulatory activities of two low molecular weight hyaluronic acids (LMWHA-1 and LMWHA-2 with MW of 1.45×10(5) and 4.52×10(4) Da, respectively) and HA (MW, 1.05×10(6) Da) were evaluated by using in vitro cell models and in vivo animal models, and their effects on angiogenesis were measured in vivo by using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The results demonstrated that LMWHA-1, LMWHA-2 and HA could promote the splenocyte proliferation, increase the activity of acid phosphatase in peritoneal macrophages and strengthen peritoneal macrophages to devour neutral red in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, LMWHA-1 and LMWHA-2 exhibited much stronger immunostimulatory activity than HA. For assay in vivo, LMWHA-1 and LMWHA-2 significantly increased the indices of spleen and thymus, the activity of lysozyme in serum and the swelling rate of earlap in delayed-type hypersensitivity in a dose-dependent manner. In the CAM model, the results showed that LMWHA-1, LMWHA-2 and HA suppressed angiogenesis in chicken embryos. Moreover, LMWHA-1 exhibited higher antiangiogenesis activity than LMWHA-2 and HA. All these results suggested that LMWHA might be a potential natural immunomodulator and a potential candidate compound for antiangiogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Ke
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Bengbu College, Bengbu 233030, China
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Polysaccharide of Hohenbuehelia serotina as a defense against damage by whole-body gamma irradiation of mice. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:829-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Yu CH, Dai XY, Chen Q, Zang JN, Deng LL, Liu YH, Ying HZ. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Rosae Laevigatae Fructus in rats. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Li H, Sun M, Xu J, Li H, Zang M, Cui Y. Immunological response in H22 transplanted mice undergoing Aconitum coreanum polysaccharide treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 55:295-300. [PMID: 23375801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a polysaccharide (ACP-a1), with a molecular weight of 3.2×10(5)Da, was successfully purified and identified from the roots of Aconitum coreanum (Lèvl.) Rapaics. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis indicated that ACP-a1 was mainly composed of β-d-mannose and β-d-glucose in a molar ratio of 1.2:3.5. The effects of ACP-a1 on the tumor growth and immune function were assessed in hepatoma H22 bearing mice. Results showed that ACP-a1 significantly inhibited the growth of hepatoma H22 transplanted in mice and prolonged the survival time of H22 tumor-bearing mice. Besides, the body weight, peripheral white blood cells (WBC), thymus index and spleen index of H22 tumor-bearing were also improved after ACP-a1 treatment. Furthermore, ACP-a1 could promote the secretion of serum cytokines in H22 tumor-bearing mice, such as IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Taken together, our results indicate that ACP-a1 inhibits tumor growth in vivo at least partly via improving immune responses of host organism, and seems to be safe and effective as a novel agent with immunomodulatory activity for the use of anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huisheng Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China
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Chen J, Cheong KL, Song Z, Shi Y, Huang X. Structure and protective effect on UVB-induced keratinocyte damage of fructan from white garlic. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:200-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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