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Zhang H, Li Y, Fu Y, Jiao H, Wang X, Wang Q, Zhou M, Yong YC, Liu J. A structure-functionality insight into the bioactivity of microbial polysaccharides toward biomedical applications: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122078. [PMID: 38616098 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Microbial polysaccharides (MPs) are biopolymers secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi during their metabolic processes. Compared to polysaccharides derived from plants and animals, MPs have advantages such as wide sources, high production efficiency, and less susceptibility to natural environmental influences. The most attractive feature of MPs lies in their diverse biological activities, such as antioxidative, anti-tumor, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory activities, which have demonstrated immense potential for applications in functional foods, cosmetics, and biomedicine. These bioactivities are precisely regulated by their sophisticated molecular structure. However, the mechanisms underlying this precise regulation are not yet fully understood and continue to evolve. This article presents a comprehensive review of the most representative species of MPs, including their fermentation and purification processes and their biomedical applications in recent years. In particular, this work presents an in-depth analysis into the structure-activity relationships of MPs across multiple molecular levels. Additionally, this review discusses the challenges and prospects of investigating the structure-activity relationships, providing valuable insights into the broad and high-value utilization of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Zhang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yan Li
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yinyi Fu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Haixin Jiao
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mengbo Zhou
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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2
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Bansal H, Singh HP, Singh S, Sharma A, Singh J, Kaur K, Mehta SK. Preserving plum perfection: Buckwheat starch edible coating with xanthan gum and lemongrass essential oil. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133239. [PMID: 38897516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The research focused on the fabrication of composite coatings using buckwheat starch (BS) and xanthan gum (XG) with incorporation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil (LEO) with varying concentration (0.75 %, 1.0 % and 1.25 % (w/v). BS was extracted from buckwheat groats (Fagopyrum esculentum) and its physico-chemical characteristics were determined. BS showed spherical and polygonal morphology and its XRD pattern was similar to starch extracted from other cereal sources. The amount of reducing sugar, starch and amylose content in extracted BS were 0.99 ± 0.33 %, 86.32 ± 0.22 % and 21.02 ± 1.89 % respectively, which indicates that BS is a suitable base material for the formation of edible coatings. XG was mixed with BS in different ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1) to optimize the best ratio of combination for composite coatings. The coating with a ratio of 2:1 was very smooth and was chosen for incorporation of LEO and the coatings physical, functional, mechanical, thermal and micro-structural characteristics were examined. The coating S5 with 1.25 % (w/v) concentration of LEO showed the best results with least moisture content (MC), minimum water vapor permeability (WVP) and maximum contact angle value. Moreover, the S5 formulation had the highest antioxidant (73.3 %) ability and maximum antimicrobial efficiency with inhibition zones of 22.09 ± 0.06 mm and 28.65 ± 0.14 mm against S. aureus and E. coli respectively. The coatings were then coated on plum fruit, and various parameters like weight loss, pH, shrinkage and TSS were calculated every 4th day during the 20 days of refrigeration period. The coated plums' ripening pace was delayed by the S5 formulation which improved moisture retention, maintained the plums' TSS value and overall pH. Therefore, composite coatings made up of BS, XG and 1.25 % (w/v) can be used as a cost-effective bio-active coating material for plum preservation under refrigeration conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Bansal
- Energy Research Center, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Hemant Pratap Singh
- Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Surinder Singh
- Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Aashima Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nank College, Budhlada, Mansa, India
| | - Kuljinder Kaur
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana 131028, India
| | - S K Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; University of Ladakh, Leh, UT-Ladakh 194101, India
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Kumar P, Kumar B, Gihar S, Kumar D. Review on emerging trends and challenges in the modification of xanthan gum for various applications. Carbohydr Res 2024; 538:109070. [PMID: 38460462 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the realm of structural modifications and broad spectrum of their potential applications, with a special focus on the synthesis of xanthan gum derivatives through graft copolymerization methods. It delves into the creation of these derivatives by attaching functional groups (-OH and -COOH) to xanthan gum, utilizing a variety of initiators for grafting, and examining their diverse applications, especially in the areas of food packaging, pharmaceuticals, wastewater treatment, and antimicrobial activities. Xanthan gum is a biocompatible, biodegradable, less toxic, bioactive, and cost-effective natural polymer derived from Xanthomonas species. The native properties of xanthan gum can be improved by cross-linking, grafting, curing, blending, and various modification techniques. Grafted xanthan gum has excellent biodegradability, metal binding, dye adsorption, immunological properties, and wound healing ability. Owing to its remarkable properties, such as biocompatibility and its ability to form gels resembling the extracellular matrix of tissues, modified xanthan gum finds extensive utility across biomedicine, engineering, and the food industry. Furthermore, the review also covers various modified derivatives of xanthan gum that exhibit excellent biodegradability, metal binding, dye adsorption, immunological properties, and wound healing abilities. These applications could serve as important resources for a wide range of industries in future product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramendra Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, M. J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243006, U.P, India.
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, M. J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243006, U.P, India
| | - Sachin Gihar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, M. J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243006, U.P, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, M. J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243006, U.P, India
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Chen Y, Le Y, Yang J, Yang Y, Feng X, Cai J, Shang Y, Sugiarto S, Wei Q, Kai D, Zheng L, Zhao J. 3D Bioprinted Xanthan Hydrogels with Dual Antioxidant and Chondrogenic Functions for Post-traumatic Cartilage Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1661-1675. [PMID: 38364815 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Intra-articular trauma typically initiates the overgeneration of reactive oxidative species (ROS), leading to post-traumatic osteoarthritis and cartilage degeneration. Xanthan gum (XG), a branched polysaccharide, has shown its potential in many biomedical fields, but some of its inherent properties, including undesirable viscosity and poor mechanical stability, limit its application in 3D printed scaffolds for cartilage regeneration. In this project, we developed 3D bioprinted XG hydrogels by modifying XG with methacrylic (MA) groups for post-traumatic cartilage therapy. Our results demonstrated that the chemical modification optimized the viscoelasticity of the bioink, improved printability, and enhanced the mechanical properties of the resulting scaffolds. The XG hydrogels also exhibit decent ROS scavenging capacities to protect stem cells from oxidative stress. Furthermore, XGMA(H) (5% MA substitution) exhibited superior chondrogenic potential in vitro and promoted cartilage regeneration in vivo. These dual-functional XGMA hydrogels may provide a new opportunity for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Chen
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yiguan Le
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, China
| | - Junxu Yang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xianjing Feng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jinhong Cai
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yifeng Shang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Sigit Sugiarto
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy, and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634 Republic of Singapore
| | - Qingjun Wei
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy, and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634 Republic of Singapore
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Wu M, Shi Z, Ming Y, Zhao Y, Gao G, Li G, Ma T. The production of ultrahigh molecular weight xanthan gum from a Sphingomonas chassis capable of co-utilising glucose and xylose from corn straw. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14394. [PMID: 38226955 PMCID: PMC10884872 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Corn straw is an abundant and renewable alternative for microbial biopolymer production. In this paper, an engineered Sphingomonas sanxanigenens NXG-P916 capable of co-utilising glucose and xylose from corn straw total hydrolysate to produce xanthan gum was constructed. This strain was obtained by introducing the xanthan gum synthetic operon gum as a module into the genome of the constructed chassis strain NXdPE that could mass produce activated precursors of polysaccharide, and in which the transcriptional levels of gum genes were optimised by screening for a more appropriate promoter, P916 . As a result, strain NXG-P916 produced 9.48 ± 0.34 g of xanthan gum per kg of fermentation broth (g/kg) when glucose was used as a carbon source, which was 2.1 times improved over the original engineering strain NXdPE::gum. Furthermore, in batch fermentation, 12.72 ± 0.75 g/kg xanthan gum was produced from the corn straw total hydrolysate containing both glucose and xylose, and the producing xanthan gum showed an ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMW) of 6.04 × 107 Da, which was increased by 15.8 times. Therefore, the great potential of producing UHMW xanthan gum by Sphingomonas sanxanigenens was proved, and the chassis NXdPE has the prospect of becoming an attractive platform organism producing polysaccharides derived from biomass hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhuangzhuang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yue Ming
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yufei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ge Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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6
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Ahmed SA, Taie HAA, Abdel Wahab WA. Antioxidant capacity and antitumor activity of the bioactive protein prepared from orange peel residues as a by-product using fungal protease. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123578. [PMID: 36764344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural and industrial residues (AIR) are renewable biomass sources present in large quantities causing pollution. Converting AIR to eco-friendly products (bioactive materials) reduces their quantity and impact on the environment, in addition to reducing production costs. Therefore, orange peel (OP) protein degradation, antioxidant capacity, and antitumor activity were investigated using Aspergillus niger WA 2017 protease. The highest value of the protein hydrolysate with the highest antioxidant using the DPPH method was obtained after 24 h. The single-factor method boosted the protein hydrolysate and the DPPH antioxidant activity by 3.7 and 1.7-fold, respectively. Statistical optimized conditions (Central Composite Method) increased the hydrolysate value and the DPPH antioxidant activity by 1.6 and 1.1-fold, respectively. The central trial samples exhibited the highest DPPH antioxidant activity (62.37 %), while the control sample recorded 20 %. All antioxidant tests in vitro (DPPH, reducing power, ABTS, and FRAP) confirmed the superiority of the potent hydrolysate as a good antioxidant. In vitro antitumor activity, the potent hydrolysate exhibited the highest effect on the Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells viability as it recorded 60.62 % dead cells. In vivo antitumor activity, the volume of the untreated tumor mice was found to be 1.4-fold bigger than the volume obtained from the potent hydrolysate. The increase in life span (ILS %) for oral treatment and intraperitoneal injection treatment with the potent hydrolysate increased by 13.91 and 19.42 %, respectively, compared to the untreated tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia A Ahmed
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hanan A A Taie
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Abdel Wahab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Yang L, Huang H, Zeng H, Zhao X, Wang R, Ma Z, Fan Z, Liang YM, Ma S, Zhou F. Biomimetic chitosan nanoparticles with simultaneous water lubricant and anti-inflammatory. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 304:120503. [PMID: 36641169 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory immune and lubrication dysfunction disease that causes great damage to the joints. Herein, inspired by the unique biochemistry structure and excellent hydration of chondroitin sulfate (CHI) existing in joint system, one kind of novel polysaccharide nanoparticle lubricant, that is chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) grafting CHI (CS-CHI), is synthesized by one-step surface chemistry reaction. CHI with negative charges can form hydration layers on the surface of CS NPs, thus improving the lubricity of nanoparticles. Simultaneously, CS-CHI NPs have effective loading and sustained drug release ability for anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium (DS), along with good biocompatibility. Finally, based on a collagen-induced rat RA model, in vitro animals experimental results indicate that the as-synthesized CS-CHI@DS NPs has obvious inhibitory effects on inflammatory factors and can effectively prevent the damaged cartilage from further destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haofei Huang
- School of the Stomatology and Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huajing Zeng
- School of the Stomatology and Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoduo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhengfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacture, Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Zengjie Fan
- School of the Stomatology and Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuanhong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacture, Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai 264006, China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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An Insight into the Essential Role of Carbohydrate-Binding Modules in Enzymolysis of Xanthan. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065480. [PMID: 36982553 PMCID: PMC10049358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, due to the low accessibility of enzymes to xanthan substrates, the enzymolysis of xanthan remains deficient, which hinders the industrial production of functional oligoxanthan. To enhance the enzymatic affinity against xanthan, the essential role of two carbohydrate binding modules—MiCBMx and PspCBM84, respectively, derived from Microbacterium sp. XT11 and Paenibacillus sp. 62047—in catalytic properties of endotype xanthanase MiXen were investigated for the first time. Basic characterizations and kinetic parameters of different recombinants revealed that, compared with MiCBMx, PspCBM84 dramatically increased the thermostability of endotype xanthanase, and endowed the enzyme with higher substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency. Notably, the activity of endotype xanthanase was increased by 16 times after being fused with PspCBM84. In addition, the presence of both CBMs obviously enabled endotype xanthanase to produce more oligoxanthan, and xanthan digests prepared by MiXen-CBM84 showed better antioxidant activity due to the higher content of active oligosaccharides. The results of this work lay a foundation for the rational design of endotype xanthanase and the industrial production of oligoxanthan in the future.
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Sun X, Zhao C, Hu X, Zhang J, Xu S, Li X, Bai Y, Zhang X, Hu J, Sun Q, Wang Z. Body weight regulation of a low molecular weight xanthan gum on normal mice via gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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10
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Ren K, Ke X, Chen Z, Zhao Y, He L, Yu P, Xing J, Luo J, Xie J, Li J. Zwitterionic polymer modified xanthan gum with collagen II-binding capability for lubrication improvement and ROS scavenging. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 274:118672. [PMID: 34702446 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
High friction of damaged cartilage requires long-acting lubricated additive, which can also effectively scavenge reactive oxidative species (ROS) produced by mechanically stimulated chondrocytes. In this study, xanthan gum (XG) was grafted by poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) (the [XG]/[SBMA] molar ratio is 1:5 or 1:10), forming nanoparticles and then conjugated with collagen II-binding peptide, finally obtaining CBPXGSB1/5 or CBPXGSB1/10. Therein, the CBPXGSB1/5 was chosen as optimal lubricated additive. The results show that hydrated effect of PSBMA side chains endows CBPXGSB1/5 with favorable lubrication property (COF is 0.063). Furthermore, the CBPXGSB1/5 combining lubrication property and specific binding capability together may achieve the long-acting lubrication for injured cartilage in medical field. The CBPXGSB1/5 also possesses antioxidation verified by DPPH assay and exhibits synergistically enhanced ROS (OH, O2- and H2O2) scavenging. Besides, cytotoxicity experiment demonstrates that CBPXGSB1/5 has good biocompatibility. Therefore, multifunctional CBPXGSB1/5 developed here may have promising application potential in osteoarthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Xiang Ke
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Zhu Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yao Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Lu He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Xing
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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11
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Yu M, Xia Y, Xie W, Li Y, Yu X, Zheng J, Zhang Y. Enzymatic extraction of pectic oligosaccharides from finger citron ( Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle) pomace with antioxidant potential. Food Funct 2021; 12:9855-9865. [PMID: 34664579 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01576a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Finger citron pomace is a cheap and renewable by-product of the citrus processing industry, representing up to 60% of the fruit biomass. In this study, a pectinase-based and ultrasonic-assisted method was firstly used to extract pectic oligosaccharides (POS) from finger citron pomace. Using the orthogonal experiment design (OED), the maximum conversion rate of up to 64.5% from pomace to POS was obtained under the extraction conditions of 0.25 mg mL-1 pectinase and 50 mg mL-1 pectin at 45 °C and pH 4.5 for 2 h. The extracted POS was then fractionated and purified to homogeneous oligosaccharides (FCPOS-1) with a molecular weight of 2.15 kDa, and the analyses of monosaccharide composition, FTIR, NMR and ESI-MS indicated that FCPOS-1 consisted of GalA and a small amount of mannose, galactose and arabinose. Multiple antioxidant activity assays in vitro revealed that FCPOS-1 possessed remarkable antioxidant properties, especially scavenging activity against DPPH radicals up to 94.07%. FCPOS-1 has the potential to be an effective natural antioxidant for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yuandan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Wangling Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yunlong Li
- Zhejiang Fomdas Foods Co., Ltd, Meizhu Agro Product Processing Park, Xinchang 312500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinjun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yinjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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12
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Riaz T, Iqbal MW, Jiang B, Chen J. A review of the enzymatic, physical, and chemical modification techniques of xanthan gum. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:472-489. [PMID: 34217744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Xanthan gum (XG), a bacterial polysaccharide has numerous valuable characteristics in the food, biomedical, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture sector. However, XG has also its particular limitations such as its vulnerability to microbial contamination, inadequate mechanical and thermal stability, unusable viscosity, and poor water solubility. Therefore, XG's structure and conformation need to be modified enzymatically, chemically, or physically to improve its optimistic features and decrease the formation of crystals, increase antioxidant ability, and radical scavenging activity. We have found out different means to modify XG and elaborate the importance and significance of the modified structure of XG. In this review, different enzymes are reviewed for XG degradation, which modifies their structure from different points (main chain or side chain). This article also reviews various physical methods (ultrasound, shear, pressure, sonication, annealing, and heat treatments) based on prevailing publications to alter XG conformation and produce low molecular weight (LMW) and less viscous end-product. Moreover, some chemical means are also discussed that result in modified XG through crosslinking, grafting, acetylation, pyruvation, as well as by applying different chemical agents. Overall, the current progress on XG degradation is very auspicious to develop a new molecule with considerable uses, in various industries with future assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahreem Riaz
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | | | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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13
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Qin Y, Xie J, Xue B, Li X, Gan J, Zhu T, Sun T. Effect of acid and oxidative degradation on the structural, rheological, and physiological properties of oat β-glucan. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Feng X, Zhang H, Lai PFH, Xiong Z, Ai L. Structure characterization of a pyruvated exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus plantarum AR307. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:113-120. [PMID: 33621574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A pyruvated exopolysaccharide designated as LPE-1 was isolated and purified from the fermentation broth of Lactobacillus plantarum AR307 and characterized for its chemical structure. The results indicated that LPE-1 contained galactopyranose (Galp) and glucopyranose (Glcp) at a molar ratio of 2: 1. The weight-averaged molecular weight (Mw) of LPE-1 was 605 kDa, with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.57, intrinsic viscosity ([ƞ]) of 3.28 dL/g, Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent α of 0.65 and gyration of radius (Rg) of 36.10 nm. The results of GC-MS and NMR revealed that pyruvate (Pyr) was found to form cyclic ketals at O-4 and O-6 position of terminal galactopyranose (T-Galp). The backbone of LPE-1 was identified to be consisted of 1,4-β-D-Glcp (23.19%), 1,4-α-D-Glcp (11.38%) and 1,4,6-β-D-Galp (12.05%), branched by 1,6-β-D-Galp (38.88%) at O-6 position of 1,4,6-β-D-Galp residue and terminated by T-β-D-Galp (5.60%) or T-β-D-(4,6-Pyr)-Galp (8.90%). A possible structural unit was proposed for LPE-1 as follows: where Galp* is either T-β-D-(4,6-Pyr)-Galp or T-β-D-Galp. The presence of pyruvate group in LPE-1 would play an important role in improving the viscosity and plasticity of dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Feng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Phoency F H Lai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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15
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Vieira TF, Corrêa RCG, Peralta RA, Peralta-Muniz-Moreira RF, Bracht A, Peralta RM. An Overview of Structural Aspects and Health Beneficial Effects of Antioxidant Oligosaccharides. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1759-1777. [PMID: 32039673 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180517120642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-digestible oligosaccharides are versatile sources of chemical diversity, well known for their prebiotic actions, found naturally in plants or produced by chemical or enzymatic synthesis or by hydrolysis of polysaccharides. Compared to polyphenols or even polysaccharides, the antioxidant potential of oligosaccharides is still unexplored. The aim of the present work was to provide an up-to-date, broad and critical contribution on the topic of antioxidant oligosaccharides. METHODS The search was performed by crossing the words oligosaccharides and antioxidant. Whenever possible, attempts at establishing correlations between chemical structure and antioxidant activity were undertaken. RESULTS The most representative in vitro and in vivo studies were compiled in two tables. Chitooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides and their derivatives were the most studied up to now. The antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides depend on the degree of polymerization and the method used for depolymerization. Other factors influencing the antioxidant strength are solubility, monosaccharide composition, the type of glycosidic linkages of the side chains, molecular weight, reducing sugar content, the presence of phenolic groups such as ferulic acid, and the presence of uronic acid, among others. Modification of the antioxidant capacity of oligosaccharides has been achieved by adding diverse organic groups to their structures, thus increasing also the spectrum of potentially useful molecules. CONCLUSION A great amount of high-quality evidence has been accumulating during the last decade in support of a meaningful antioxidant activity of oligosaccharides and derivatives. Ingestion of antioxidant oligosaccharides can be visualized as beneficial to human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane F Vieira
- Program Post-graduated of Food Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Rúbia C G Corrêa
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.,Program of Master in Science, Technology and Food Safety, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation (ICETI), Centro Universitário de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rosely A Peralta
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Adelar Bracht
- Program Post-graduated of Food Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosane M Peralta
- Program Post-graduated of Food Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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16
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Structural elucidation of N-glycans and bioactivity of sialoglycoprotein from crucian carp eggs structure and bioactivity of crucian egg SGP. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Arslan M, Zareef M, Tahir HE, Ali S, Xiaowei H, Rakha A, Shi J, Xiaobo Z. Comparative analyses of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of Chinese jujube as affected by geographical region and drying methods (Puff-drying and convective hot air-drying systems). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Cui Y, Liu H, Dong C, Sun Y. Structural characterization, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of a neutral polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris cultivated on hull-less barley. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 235:115969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Jana UK, Kango N. Characteristics and bioactive properties of mannooligosaccharides derived from agro-waste mannans. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:931-940. [PMID: 32014482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mannooligosaccharides (MOS) were derived using Aspergillus oryzae β-mannanase (ManAo) from different mannan-rich agro-wastes, palm kernel cake (PKC), guar gum and copra meal (CM). Guar gum (GG) released higher amount of MOS (56.31% w/w) from which purification of mannobiose (0.68 mg) and mannotriose (1.26 mg) was demonstrated using size-exclusion chromatography. FTIR analysis of mannan hydrolysates showed characteristic peaks in 1200-900 cm-1 region indicating the presence of MOS. 1H &13C NMR spectra showed presence of anomeric sugar forms of MOS in different mannan hydrolysates. MOS from locust bean gum and guar gum had both α- and β-anomers while PKC and CM had only α-anomer. Growth promotional activities of different MOS were demonstrated using two probiotic Lactobacilli. Besides, enzymatically derived MOS also showed metal (Fe2+) chelating and anti-oxidant activities, wherein best anti-glycating agent was evaluated as MOS from PKC. PKC derived MOS showed highest cytotoxicity (74.19%) against human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2). This study demonstrated the prebiotic potential of agro-waste derived MOS and possibility of their utilization as a functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Kumar Jana
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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20
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Patel J, Maji B, Moorthy NSHN, Maiti S. Xanthan gum derivatives: review of synthesis, properties and diverse applications. RSC Adv 2020; 10:27103-27136. [PMID: 35515783 PMCID: PMC9055500 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04366d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are well known for their biocompatibility, non-toxicity and biodegradability. These properties are also inherent to xanthan gum (XG), a microbial polysaccharide. This biomaterial has been extensively investigated as matrices for tablets, nanoparticles, microparticles, hydrogels, buccal/transdermal patches, tissue engineering scaffolds with different degrees of success. However, the native XG has its own limitations with regards to its susceptibility to microbial contamination, unusable viscosity, poor thermal and mechanical stability, and inadequate water solubility. Chemical modification can circumvent these limitations and tailor the properties of virgin XG to fulfill the unmet needs of drug delivery, tissue engineering, oil drilling and other applications. This review illustrates the process of chemical modification and/crosslinking of XG via etherification, esterification, acetalation, amidation, and oxidation. This review further describes the tailor-made properties of novel XG derivatives and their potential application in diverse fields. The physicomechanical modification and its impact on the properties of XG are also discussed. Overall, the recent developments on XG derivatives are very promising to progress further with polysaccharide research. Due to presence of hydroxy and carboxy functional groups, xanthan gum is amenable to various chemical modification for producing derivatives such as carboxymethyl xanthan and carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl xanthan with desirable properties for end use.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwala Patel
- Department of Pharmacy
- Indira Gandhi National Tribal University
- Amarkantak
- India
| | - Biswajit Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Indira Gandhi National Tribal University
- Amarkantak
- India
| | | | - Sabyasachi Maiti
- Department of Pharmacy
- Indira Gandhi National Tribal University
- Amarkantak
- India
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21
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Hu X, Wang K, Yu M, He P, Qiao H, Zhang H, Wang Z. Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of a Low-Molecular-Weight Xanthan Gum. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110730. [PMID: 31726797 PMCID: PMC6920750 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a low-molecular-weight xanthan gum (LW-XG) was successfully obtained via biodegradation of commercial xanthan by the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum CGMCC 6882. The monosaccharide composition of LW-XG was glucose, mannose, and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 1.63:1.5:1.0. The molecular weight of LW-XG was 4.07 × 104 Da and much smaller than that of commercial xanthan (2.95 × 106 Da). Antioxidant assays showed that LW-XG had a good scavenging ability on DPPH radicals, superoxide anions, and hydroxyl radicals and good ferric reducing power. Moreover, LW-XG exhibited excellent protective effect on H2O2-injured Caco-2 cells. Results of this work suggested that LW-XG could be used in foods or pharmaceuticals to alleviate and resist the oxidative damage induced by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Hu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Kangli Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Miao Yu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Peixin He
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hanzhen Qiao
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huiru Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zichao Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-371-6775-6513
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22
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Kang Y, Li P, Zeng X, Chen X, Xie Y, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Xie T. Biosynthesis, structure and antioxidant activities of xanthan gum from Xanthomonas campestris with additional furfural. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 216:369-375. [PMID: 31047079 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic-like materials are potentially low-cost fermentation substrates, but their pretreatment brings about by-products. This work investigated the effects of furfural on xanthan gum (XG) production, and product quality was evaluated by structure, viscosity and antioxidant capacities. Xanthomonas campestris maintained steady polysaccharide yield (above 13 g·L-1) with enhanced cell growth at low furfural concentrations (below 3.2 g·L-1). The products were verified as XG by FT-IR, XRD, NMR and monosaccharide analysis. Moreover, they were found to have reduced acetyl, rising pyruvate and up-to-down glucuronic acid groups as increasing furfural concentration. Furthermore, XG product with 1 g·L-1 furfural addition showed the best hydroxyl scavenging effects, though reducing powers presented no variation. It was demonstrated that furfural, the common hydrolysis by-product, was not necessarily an inhibitor for fermentation, and an appropriate amount of furfural was beneficial to XG production with steady yield and good quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Panyu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Xiaotong Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Tonghui Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
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Arslan M, Xiaobo Z, Tahir HE, Xuetao H, Rakha A, Zareef M, Seweh EA, Basheer S. NIR Spectroscopy Coupled Chemometric Algorithms for Rapid Antioxidants Activity Assessment of Chinese Dates (Zizyphus Jujuba Mill.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2018-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this work, near-infrared spectroscopy coupled the classical PLS and variable selection algorithms; synergy interval-PLS, backward interval-PLS and genetic algorithm-PLS for rapid measurement of the antioxidant activity of Chinese dates. The chemometric analysis of antioxidant activity assays was performed. The built models were investigated using correlation coefficients of calibration and prediction; root mean square error of prediction, root mean square error of cross-validation and residual predictive deviation (RPD). The correlation coefficient for calibration and prediction sets and RPD values ranged from 0.8503 to 0.9897, 0.8463 to 0.9783 and 1.86 to 4.88, respectively. In addition, variable selection algorithms based on efficient information extracted from acquired spectra were superior to classical PLS. The overall results revealed that near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometric algorithms could be used for rapid quantification of antioxidant content in Chinese dates samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zou Xiaobo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haroon Elrasheid Tahir
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hu Xuetao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Allah Rakha
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zareef
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Emmanuel Amomba Seweh
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sajid Basheer
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Postorino EI, Aragona P, Rania L, Spinella R, Puzzolo D, Micali A, Mazza AML, Papa V. Changes in conjunctival epithelial cells after treatment with 0.2% xanthan gum eye drops in mild-moderate dry eye. Eur J Ophthalmol 2019; 30:439-445. [PMID: 30852915 DOI: 10.1177/1120672119833278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effects of xanthan gum eye drops on the ocular surface and conjunctival cytology of patients with mild-moderate dry eye. METHODS This prospective, double-masked, controlled trial included 30 patients (age > 60 and Ocular Surface Disease Index score >12 and <33), divided into two groups of 15 subjects and treated with 0.2% xanthan gum eye drops (group 1) or 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (group 2) qid. After a run-in period with saline qid, patients were evaluated by Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, clinical assessment, and impression cytology at baseline (T0) and after 1 month (T1). For impression cytology, cellularity, cell-to-cell contacts, nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, chromatin aspect, goblet cells distribution, keratinization, and the presence of inflammatory cells were considered. Parameters were scored from 0 (no alterations) to 3 (evident alterations). For statistical analysis, Student's t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and Mann-Whitney U-test were used. RESULTS Clinically, after 1 month of treatment, group 1 showed an improvement of corneal stain (T0 = 1.1 ± 1.4; T1 = 0.5 ± 0.7; p = 0.03) and a reduction of Schirmer I test (T0 = 9.8 ± 6.1; T1 = 5.9 ± 4.1; p = 0.001). In group 2, no differences were found between T0 and T1 for all the clinical tests. For impression cytology, in group 1 cellularity (T0 = 0.6 ± 0.5; T1 = 0.3 ± 0.5; p = 0.05), chromatin aspect (T0 = 1.2 ± 0.4; T1 = 0.8 ± 0.5; p = 0.01), keratinization (T0 = 1 ± 0.7; T1 = 0.5 ± 0.5; p = 0.03), and total score (T0 = 5.8 ± 1.3; T1 = 3.6 ± 1.7; p = 0.003) were significantly ameliorated, while in group 2 only total score improved significantly (T0 = 5 ± 1.4; T1 = 4.3 ± 1.5; p = 0.01). The comparison between groups showed significant amelioration for keratinization in group 1 at T1 (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION The treatment with xanthan gum, a molecule with anti-oxidant and mucoadhesive properties, ameliorated conjunctival epithelium of mild-moderate dry eye patients better than carboxymethylcellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Imelde Postorino
- Regional Referral Center for the Ocular Surface Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Pasquale Aragona
- Regional Referral Center for the Ocular Surface Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Rania
- Ophthalmology Unity, State Hospital of San Marino, Cailungo, Republic of San Marino
| | - Rosaria Spinella
- Regional Referral Center for the Ocular Surface Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Micali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Pérez-Flores JG, Contreras-López E, Castañeda-Ovando A, Pérez-Moreno F, Aguilar-Arteaga K, Álvarez-Romero GA, Téllez-Jurado A. Physicochemical characterization of an arabinoxylan-rich fraction from brewers' spent grain and its application as a release matrix for caffeine. Food Res Int 2019; 116:1020-1030. [PMID: 30716884 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The brewers' spent grain is a by-product generated during brewery process and is a potential source for arabinoxylans (AX) extraction. In the present work, the extraction and characterization of an arabinoxylan-rich fraction from brewers' spent grain (BSG-AX) were performed, and BSG-AX was evaluated as release matrix for caffeine. The BSG-AX showed an AX content of 72% (w/w), a ferulic acid content of 3.52 μg/mg BSG-AX, an Ara/Xyl ratio of 0.89, an intrinsic viscosity of 41.18 mL g-1, and a molecular weight of 43.80 kDa. The studied BSG-AX showed a good antioxidant capacity compared with other polysaccharide gums and was estimated by DPPH (114.41 μM Trolox equivalent/g BSG-AX) and FRAP (49.01 μmol Fe2+/g BSG-AX) assays. The partial specific volume (0.63 cm3 g-1), loss on drying (10.68%), swelling (10.87%), solubility (80.93%) and electrostatic interactions (by zeta potential, -3.44 to -9.17 mV) were determined and used to evaluate the application of the BSG-AX as release matrix. A film containing the BSG-AX, glycerol (as plasticizer) and caffeine (target drug) was prepared as release matrix. Glycerol promoted an increase in the extensibility and the surface smoothness of the BSG-AX-caffeine film. The drug was released (≈98%) in about 7 h. These results are promising to concern the design and use of BSG-AX based biofilms for the controlled release of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Guadalupe Pérez-Flores
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Contreras-López
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Araceli Castañeda-Ovando
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Fidel Pérez-Moreno
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Karina Aguilar-Arteaga
- Universidad Politécnica de Francisco I. Madero, Carr. Tepatepec-San Juan Tepa km. 2, Francisco I. Madero 42660, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Giaan A Álvarez-Romero
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Téllez-Jurado
- Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carr. Pachuca-Cd. Sahagún km 20, Rancho Luna, Ex-Hacienda de Sta. Bárbara, Municipio de Zempoala, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Gheller S, Corcini C, Santos F, Tavares G, Costa V, Curcio B, Nogueira C, Varela Junior A. The effects of xanthan gum on equine sperm quality during cooling storage. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study was designed to evaluate the possible benefits of adding xanthan gum to a standard extender for equine through in vitro analyzes of sperm quality. Semen was collected four times from five different stallions (n= 20 samples) and subjected to cooled storage under different conditions: control (only standard extender) and three different concentrations of xanthan gum (0.01%, 0.12%, and 0.25%) supplemented to the extenders. Sperm parameters, such as motility, mitochondrial functionality, and membrane, acrosome, and DNA integrity were measured after 0h, 24h, 48h, and 72h of sperm storage at 5ºC. Our observations indicated that sperm motility declined with longer cooling period with the 0.25% xanthan gum supplementation group compared with the control group. Other parameters, such as mitochondrial functionality and membrane and acrosome integrity also declined for all treatments during storage; however, no differences were observed between xanthan gum and control groups. DNA integrity did not significantly change during the storage. In conclusion, the addition of xanthan gum to equine semen extender is not harmful to the sperm structure, despite reducing the sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F.C.C. Santos
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - A.S. Varela Junior
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Brazil
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Near-infrared spectroscopy coupled chemometric algorithms for prediction of antioxidant activity of black goji berries (Lycium ruthenicum Murr.). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Bashir M, Usmani T, Haripriya S, Ahmed T. Biological and textural properties of underutilized exudate gums of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:847-854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Salgado N, Giraldo G, Orrego C. Influence of the extrusion operating conditions on the antioxidant, hardness and color properties of extruded mango. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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30
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Elcheninov AG, Menzel P, Gudbergsdottir SR, Slesarev AI, Kadnikov VV, Krogh A, Bonch-Osmolovskaya EA, Peng X, Kublanov IV. Sugar Metabolism of the First Thermophilic Planctomycete Thermogutta terrifontis: Comparative Genomic and Transcriptomic Approaches. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2140. [PMID: 29163426 PMCID: PMC5673643 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthan gum, a complex polysaccharide comprising glucose, mannose and glucuronic acid residues, is involved in numerous biotechnological applications in cosmetics, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, food and petroleum industries. Additionally, its oligosaccharides were shown to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, and few other properties. Yet, despite its extensive usage, little is known about xanthan gum degradation pathways and mechanisms. Thermogutta terrifontis, isolated from a sample of microbial mat developed in a terrestrial hot spring of Kunashir island (Far-East of Russia), was described as the first thermophilic representative of the Planctomycetes phylum. It grows well on xanthan gum either at aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Genomic analysis unraveled the pathways of oligo- and polysaccharides utilization, as well as the mechanisms of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. The combination of genomic and transcriptomic approaches suggested a novel xanthan gum degradation pathway which involves novel glycosidase(s) of DUF1080 family, hydrolyzing xanthan gum backbone beta-glucosidic linkages and beta-mannosidases instead of xanthan lyases, catalyzing cleavage of terminal beta-mannosidic linkages. Surprisingly, the genes coding DUF1080 proteins were abundant in T. terrifontis and in many other Planctomycetes genomes, which, together with our observation that xanthan gum being a selective substrate for many planctomycetes, suggest crucial role of DUF1080 in xanthan gum degradation. Our findings shed light on the metabolism of the first thermophilic planctomycete, capable to degrade a number of polysaccharides, either aerobically or anaerobically, including the biotechnologically important bacterial polysaccharide xanthan gum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Elcheninov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Menzel
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Vitaly V Kadnikov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anders Krogh
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Xu Peng
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilya V Kublanov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
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Saleh HM, Annuar MSM, Simarani K. Ultrasound degradation of xanthan polymer in aqueous solution: Its scission mechanism and the effect of NaCl incorporation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 39:250-261. [PMID: 28732944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of xanthan polymer in aqueous solution by ultrasonic irradiation was investigated. The effects of selected variables i.e. sonication intensity, irradiation time, concentration of xanthan gum and molar concentration of NaCl in solution were studied. Combined approach of full factorial design and conventional one-factor-at-a-time was applied to obtain optimum degradation at sonication power intensity of 11.5Wcm-2, irradiation time 120min and 0.1gL-1 xanthan in a salt-free solution. Molecular weight reduction of xanthan gum under sonication was described by an exponential decay function with higher rate constant for polymer degradation in the salt free solution. The limiting molecular weight where fragments no longer undergo scission was determined from the function. The incorporation of NaCl in xanthan solution resulted in a lower limiting molecular weight. The ultrasound-mediated degradation of aqueous xanthan polymer chain agreed with a random scission model. Side chain of xanthan polymer is proposed to be the primary site of scission action.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Saleh
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M S M Annuar
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - K Simarani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Paim RTT, Benjamin SR, Rondina D, Marques MMM, Viana DDA, Gonzaga MLDC, Vieira ÍGP, Mendes FNP, Rodrigues PAS, Guedes MIF. Antihypercholesterolemic Effects of Fruit Aqueous Extract of Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore in Mice Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:6376173. [PMID: 29081820 PMCID: PMC5610856 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6376173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present objective of the investigation is to evaluate the antihypercholesterolemic activity of the aqueous fruit pulp extract (APE) of Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore (Arecaceae family). Various chemical characterization methods like thin layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR, and molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography have been employed to characterize the extracted pectin. The present study demonstrated that hypercholesterolemic diet (HD) created hypercholesterolemia, caused significant increases in body weight, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein, and caused decreases in high-density lipoprotein in serum compared with SD group. Two doses (APE 150 and 300 mg/Kg b.w./day) were administered to hyperlipidemic mice for 90 days. APE reversed body weight changes, changed serum lipids to normal values, and significantly inhibited the changes of lipid peroxidation and inflammation in the liver tissues. The renal parameters analyzed (urea and creatinine) altered by diet were reverted to normal values. Our results revealed that aqueous fruit pulp extracts of carnauba reduced hypercholesterolemia showing a potential preventive effect against cardiovascular diseases without side effects cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Teixeira Terceiro Paim
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Itaperi Campus, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology and Health Science Center, State University of Ceará, Itaperi Campus, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Davide Rondina
- Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Itaperi Campus, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel de Araújo Viana
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, State University of Ceará, Itaperi Campus, 60740-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Ícaro Gusmão Pinto Vieira
- Laboratory of Natural Products, State University of Ceará, Itaperi Campus, 60740-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Noélia Pereira Mendes
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology and Health Science Center, State University of Ceará, Itaperi Campus, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Paula Alves Salmito Rodrigues
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Itaperi Campus, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Itaperi Campus, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Rapid prediction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Sudanese honey using Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Food Chem 2017; 226:202-211. [PMID: 28254013 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and Raman spectroscopy combined with partial least square regression (PLSR) were applied for the prediction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in honey. Standards of catechin, syringic, vanillic, and chlorogenic acids were used for the identification and quantification of the individual phenolic compounds in six honey varieties using HPLC-DAD. Total antioxidant activity (TAC) and ferrous chelating capacity were measured spectrophotometrically. For the establishment of PLSR model, Raman spectra with Savitzky-Golay smoothing in wavenumber region 1500-400cm-1 was used while for FTIR-ATR the wavenumber regions of 1800-700 and 3000-2800cm-1 with multiplicative scattering correction (MSC) and Savitzky-Golay smoothing were used. The determination coefficients (R2) were ranged from 0.9272 to 0.9992 for Raman while from 0.9461 to 0.9988 for FTIT-ART. The FTIR-ATR and Raman demonstrated to be simple, rapid and nondestructive methods to quantify phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities in honey.
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34
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Razmkhah S, Razavi SMA, Mohammadifar MA, Koocheki A, Ale MT. Stepwise extraction of Lepidium sativum seed gum: Physicochemical characterization and functional properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:553-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Rather SA, Masoodi FA, Akhter R, Rather JA, Gani A, Wani SM, Malik AH. Application of guar-xanthan gum mixture as a partial fat replacer in meat emulsions. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:2876-86. [PMID: 27478244 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical, oxidative, texture and microstructure properties were evaluated for low fat meat emulsions containing varying levels of guar/xanthan gum mixture (1:1 ratio) as a fat substitute. Partial replacement of fat with guar/xanthan gum resulted in higher emulsion stability and cooking yield but lower penetration force. Proximate composition revealed that high fat control had significantly higher fat and lower moisture content due to the difference in basic formulation. Colour evaluation revealed that low fat formulations containing gum mixture had significantly lower lightness and higher yellowness values than high fat control formulation. However non-significant difference was observed in redness values between low fat formulations and the high fat control. The pH values of the low fat formulations containing gum mixture were lower than the control formulations (T0 and TC). The MetMb% of the high fat emulsion formulation was higher than low fat formulations. The significant increase of TBARS value, protein carbonyl groups and loss of protein sulphydryl groups in high fat formulation reflect the more oxidative degradation of lipids and muscle proteins during the preparation of meat emulsion than low fat formulations. The SEM showed a porous matrix in the treatments containing gum mixture. Thus, the guar/xanthan gum mixture improved the physicochemical and oxidative quality of low fat meat emulsions than the control formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad A Rather
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - F A Masoodi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Rehana Akhter
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Jahangir A Rather
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Adil Gani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - S M Wani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - A H Malik
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
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36
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Si X, Zhou Z, Bu D, Li J, Strappe P, Blanchard C. Effect of sulfation on the antioxidant properties and in vitro cell proliferation characteristics of polysaccharides isolated from corn bran. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2016.1176074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Si
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Dandan Bu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Padraig Strappe
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Chris Blanchard
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
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37
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Purification of cress seed ( Lepidium sativum ) gum: Physicochemical characterization and functional properties. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 141:166-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Rather SA, Masoodi FA, Akhter R, Gani A, Wani SM, Malik AH. Xanthan gum as a fat replacer in goshtaba-a traditional meat product of India: effects on quality and oxidative stability. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:8104-12. [PMID: 26604383 PMCID: PMC4648903 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Goshtaba is a restructured meat product of Kashmiri wazwan prepared from meat emulsion with added fat (20 %), salt, spices and condiments and cooked in the curd. The present study was undertaken for the development of low fat goshtaba with the addition of xanthan gum as a fat replacer and was evaluated for proximate composition, pH, colour, lipid and protein oxidation, texture, microstructure and sensory properties. Low fat goshtaba formulations containing xanthan gum were higher in protein and moisture contents but, lower in fat content and pH value than the high fat control (p < 0.05). Colour evaluation revealed that high fat goshtaba had significantly higher L* value, but lower a* value than its low fat counterparts (p < 0.05). The significant decrease of TBARS values, protein carbonyls and loss of protein sulphydryl groups in low fat goshtaba formulations reflects the potential antioxidant activity of xanthan gum (p < 0.05). Hardness was significantly higher in high fat control but, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness did not show any significant difference. Springiness increased with the increasing concentration of xanthan gum (0.5-1.5 %) and was higher in low fat product containing 1.5 % xanthan gum. SEM results indicate that xanthan gum lead to formation of an additional gel network which holds more water. Sensory evaluation revealed that goshtaba product with 0.5 % xanthan gum had quality characteristics that were similar to the control product containing 20 % fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad A. Rather
- />Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - F. A. Masoodi
- />Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Rehana Akhter
- />Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Adil Gani
- />Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - S. M. Wani
- />Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - A. H. Malik
- />Division of Livestock Products Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
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Physicochemical and functional performance of pectin extracted by QbD approach from Tamarindus indica L. pulp. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:364-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Rather SA, Masoodi FA, Akhter R, Gani A, Wani SM, Malik AH. Effects of Guar-Xanthan Gum Mixture as Fat Replacer on the Physicochemical Properties and Oxidative Stability of Goshtaba, a Traditional Indian Meat Product. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ahmad Rather
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of Kashmir; Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Farooq Ahmad Masoodi
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of Kashmir; Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Rehana Akhter
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of Kashmir; Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Adil Gani
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of Kashmir; Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Sajad Mohd Wani
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of Kashmir; Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Altaf Hussain Malik
- Division of Livestock Products Technology; Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry; SKUAST-K; Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India
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Delattre C, Pierre G, Gardarin C, Traikia M, Elboutachfaiti R, Isogai A, Michaud P. Antioxidant activities of a polyglucuronic acid sodium salt obtained from TEMPO-mediated oxidation of xanthan. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 116:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Endo Y, Aota T, Tsukui T. Antioxidant Activity of Alginic Acid in Minced Pork Meat. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.21.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Endo
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Takashi Aota
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Takayuki Tsukui
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology
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43
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Xiong X, Li M, Xie J, Xue B, Sun T. Preparation and antioxidant activity of xanthan oligosaccharides derivatives with similar substituting degrees. Food Chem 2014; 164:7-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li T, Li S, Dong Y, Zhu R, Liu Y. Antioxidant activity of penta-oligogalacturonide, isolated from haw pectin, suppresses triglyceride synthesis in mice fed with a high-fat diet. Food Chem 2013; 145:335-41. [PMID: 24128486 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To expand application of hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge) fruit, the antioxidant and anti-lipidemic effects of haw pectin penta-oligogalacturonide (HPPS) prepared from hawthorn fruit were investigated in vitro and in mice. HPPS exhibited concentration-dependent scavenging activities against superoxide anion, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals. Additionally, HPPS supplementation significantly enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, increased the total antioxidant capacity and the levels of glutathione, but lowered the malondialdehyde content in the liver of high-fat fed mice. Furthermore, HPPS significantly decreased the TG levels, the activity and the mRNA and protein levels of glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) in mice livers. Moreover, liver steatosis of mice associated with diffuse hepatocyte ballooning induced by a high-fat diet was markedly improved by a dose of 300 mg/kg HPPS-consumption. The results revealed that HPPS might be applicable as a dietary supplement for the prevention of fatty liver and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuoping Li
- Department of Food Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
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