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Kaneko M, Kawai M, Mitsumata T. Anomalous Magnetorheological Response for Carrageenan Magnetic Hydrogels Prepared by Natural Cooling. Gels 2023; 9:691. [PMID: 37754372 PMCID: PMC10530548 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the cooling rate on magnetorheological response was investigated for magnetic hydrogels consisting of carrageenan and carbonyl iron particles with a concentration of 50 wt.%. For magnetic gels prepared via natural cooling, the storage moduli at 0 and 50 mT were 3.7 × 104 Pa and 5.6 × 104 Pa, respectively, and the change in the modulus was 1.9 × 104 Pa. For magnetic gels prepared via rapid cooling, the storage moduli at 0 and 50 mT were 1.2 × 104 Pa and 1.8 × 104 Pa, respectively, and the change in the modulus was 6.2 × 103 Pa, which was 1/3 of that for the magnetic gel prepared by natural cooling. The critical strains, where G' is equal to G″ on the strain dependence of the storage modulus, for magnetic gels prepared by natural cooling and rapid cooling, were 0.023 and 0.034, respectively, indicating that the magnetic gel prepared by rapid cooling has a hard structure compared to that prepared by natural cooling. Opposite to this, the change in the storage modulus at 500 mT for the magnetic gel prepared by rapid cooling was 1.6 × 105 Pa, which was 2.5 times higher than that prepared by natural cooling. SEM images revealed that many small aggregations of the carrageenan network were found in the magnetic gel prepared by natural cooling, and continuous phases of carrageenan network with large sizes were found in the magnetic gel prepared by rapid cooling. It was revealed that magnetic particles in the magnetic gel prepared by rapid cooling can move and form a chain structure at high magnetic fields by breaking the restriction from the continuous phases of carrageenan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tetsu Mitsumata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (M.K.); (M.K.)
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Nanocomposite Hydrogels as Functional Extracellular Matrices. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020153. [PMID: 36826323 PMCID: PMC9957407 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, nano-engineered materials have become an important component of artificial extracellular matrices. On one hand, these materials enable static enhancement of the bulk properties of cell scaffolds, for instance, they can alter mechanical properties or electrical conductivity, in order to better mimic the in vivo cell environment. Yet, many nanomaterials also exhibit dynamic, remotely tunable optical, electrical, magnetic, or acoustic properties, and therefore, can be used to non-invasively deliver localized, dynamic stimuli to cells cultured in artificial ECMs in three dimensions. Vice versa, the same, functional nanomaterials, can also report changing environmental conditions-whether or not, as a result of a dynamically applied stimulus-and as such provide means for wireless, long-term monitoring of the cell status inside the culture. In this review article, we present an overview of the technological advances regarding the incorporation of functional nanomaterials in artificial extracellular matrices, highlighting both passive and dynamically tunable nano-engineered components.
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Jäger GJL, Fischer L, Lutz T, Menzel AM. Variations in the thermal conductivity of magnetosensitive elastomers by magnetically induced internal restructuring. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:485101. [PMID: 36215969 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac98e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetosensitive elastomers respond to external magnetic fields by changing their stiffness and shape. These effects result from interactions among magnetized inclusions that are embedded within an elastic matrix. Strong external magnetic fields induce internal restructuring, for example the formation of chain-like aggregates. However, such reconfigurations affect not only the overall mechanical properties of the elastomers but also the transport through such systems. We concentrate here on the transport of heat, that is thermal conductivity. For flat, thin model systems representing thin films or membranes and modeled by bead-spring discretizations, we evaluate the internal restructuring in response to magnetization of the particles. For each resulting configuration, we evaluate the associated thermal conductivity. We analyze the changes in heat transport as a function of the strength of magnetization, particle number, density of magnetizable particles (at fixed overall particle number), and aspect ratio of the system. We observe that varying any one of these parameters can induce pronounced changes in the bulk thermal conductivity. Our results motivate future experimental and theoretical studies of systems with magnetically tunable thermal but also electric conductivity-both of which have only rarely been addressed so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav J L Jäger
- Institut für Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Fischer
- Institut für Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tyler Lutz
- Institut für Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Menzel
- Institut für Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Modification of the Properties of Polymer Composites in a Constant Magnetic Field Environment. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143806. [PMID: 34300725 PMCID: PMC8303739 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, polymer composites based on polylactide (PLA) and epoxy resin (Epidian 5) were studied in terms of the influence of magnetic induction on their changes in physicochemical properties. The composites contained admixtures in the form of magnetite (Fe3O4) and crystalline cellulose (Avicel PH-1010) in the amount of 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight and starch in the amount of 10%. The admixtures of cellulose and starch were intended to result in the composites becoming biodegradable biopolymers to some extent. Changes in physical and chemical properties due to the impact of a constant magnetic field with a magnetic induction value B = 0.5 T were observed. The changes were observed during tests of tensile strength, bending, impact strength, water absorbency, frost resistance, chemical resistance to acids and bases, as well as through SEM microscopy and with studies of the composition of the composites that use the EDS method and of their structure with the XRD method. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the magnetic induction value changes the properties of composites. This therefore acts as one method of receiving new alternative materials, the degradation of which in the environment would take far less time.
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Pardo A, Gómez-Florit M, Barbosa S, Taboada P, Domingues RMA, Gomes ME. Magnetic Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering: Design Concepts and Remote Actuation Strategies to Control Cell Fate. ACS NANO 2021; 15:175-209. [PMID: 33406360 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Most tissues of the human body are characterized by highly anisotropic physical properties and biological organization. Hydrogels have been proposed as scaffolding materials to construct artificial tissues due to their water-rich composition, biocompatibility, and tunable properties. However, unmodified hydrogels are typically composed of randomly oriented polymer networks, resulting in homogeneous structures with isotropic properties different from those observed in biological systems. Magnetic materials have been proposed as potential agents to provide hydrogels with the anisotropy required for their use on tissue engineering. Moreover, the intrinsic properties of magnetic nanoparticles enable their use as magnetomechanic remote actuators to control the behavior of the cells encapsulated within the hydrogels under the application of external magnetic fields. In this review, we combine a detailed summary of the main strategies to prepare magnetic nanoparticles showing controlled properties with an analysis of the different approaches available to their incorporation into hydrogels. The application of magnetically responsive nanocomposite hydrogels in the engineering of different tissues is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pardo
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciencia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco-Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuel Gómez-Florit
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciencia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco-Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Silvia Barbosa
- Colloids and Polymers Physics Group, Condensed Matter Physics Area, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Taboada
- Colloids and Polymers Physics Group, Condensed Matter Physics Area, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rui M A Domingues
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciencia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco-Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciencia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco-Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Ramirez-Rincon JA, Castro-Chong AM, Forero-Sandoval IY, Gomez-Heredia CL, Peralta-Dominguez D, Fernandez-Olaya MG, Becerril-González JJ, Oskam G, Alvarado-Gil JJ. Determination of the nonradiative conversion efficiency of lead mixed-halide perovskites using optical and photothermal spectroscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:D201-D209. [PMID: 32400643 DOI: 10.1364/ao.384726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-halide organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are considered promising light-absorbing materials in the development of solar cells related to the obtained high-power conversion efficiency. Current efforts are focused on the study of the energy-conversion mechanisms, where the nonradiative recombination pathway is the least explored. In this work, a combination of optical and photoacoustic spectroscopies is used to determine the visible spectral light-into-heat conversion efficiency of lead-based mixed-halide organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites in a semicomplete n-i-p mesoscopic perovskite solar cell (PSC). A remarkable average conversion efficiency of about 87% has been found for the nonradiative combination in the perovskite, with the estimated composition ${{\rm FA}_{0.71}}{{\rm MA}_{0.29}}{{\rm PbI}_{2.9}}{{\rm Br}_{0.1}}$FA0.71MA0.29PbI2.9Br0.1 in the wavelength range of 400 to 800 nm. As a result, 13% of the incident light is transformed in radiative recombination processes and/or photodegradation of the material. Furthermore, the extinction coefficient and refractive index of the material are reported, and it was found that the optical constants and the optical absorption in the short-wavelength range are significantly smaller than previously reported for${{\rm MAPbI}_3}$MAPbI3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Sano
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science; Hirosawa 2-1 Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science; Hirosawa 2-1 Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science; Hirosawa 2-1 Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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Sano K, Ishida Y, Aida T. Synthesis of Anisotropic Hydrogels and Their Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2532-2543. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Sano
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science; Hirosawa 2-1 Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science; Hirosawa 2-1 Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science; Hirosawa 2-1 Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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Mamunya Y, Levchenko V, Parashchenko I, Lebedev E. Thermal and electrical conductivity of the polymer-metal composites with 1D structure of filler formed in a magnetic field. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.15407/polymerj.38.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Boudenne A, Mamunya Y, Levchenko V, Garnier B, Lebedev E. Improvement of thermal and electrical properties of Silicone–Ni composites using magnetic field. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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