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Nitro-Oxidation Process for Fabrication of Efficient Bioadsorbent from Lignocellulosic Biomass by Combined Liquid-Gas Phase Treatment. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Raw wood was subjected to sequential oxidation to produce 2,3,6-tricarboxycellulose (TCC) nanofibers with a high surficial charge of 1.14 mmol/g in the form of carboxylate groups. Three oxidation steps, including nitro-oxidation, periodate, and sodium chlorite oxidation, were successfully applied to generate TCC nanofibers from raw wood. The morphology of extracted TCC nanofibers measured using TEM and AFM indicated the average length, width, and thickness were in the range of 750 ± 110, 4.5 ± 1.8, and 1.23 nm, respectively. Due to high negative surficial charges on TCC, it was studied for its absorption capabilities against Pb2+ ions. The remediation results indicated that a low concentration of TCC nanofibers (0.02 wt%) was able to remove a wide range of Pb2+ ion impurities from 5–250 ppm with an efficiency between 709–99%, whereby the maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) was 1569 mg/g with R2 0.69531 calculated from Langmuir fitting. It was observed that the high adsorption capacity of TCC nanofibers was due to the collective effect of adsorption and precipitation confirmed by the FTIR and SEM/EDS analysis. The high carboxylate content and fiber morphology of TCC has enabled it as an excellent substrate to remove Pb2+ ions impurities.
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Cheng S, Zheng H, Xu Y. Structure and properties of oxycellulose fabric crosslinked with soy protein. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 257:117548. [PMID: 33541671 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is an important renewable biopolymer with extensive applications in various fields including textiles. In the current study a soy protein (SP) crosslinked cotton fabric (SPCCF) was prepared through the reaction of carboxyl cotton fabric with soy protein without using crosslinking agents. FTIR analysis of SPCCF samples indicated that carboxyl groups in oxycellulose fabric have reacted with amino groups of SP to give the corresponding C-N bond, that was also reconfirmed by XPS spectra and TGA/DTG analyses of the grafted fabrics. The resulting SPCCF fabrics acquired under the optimized conditions exhibited the improved tensile strength and capillary effect as compared to the oxidized cotton fabric. The ungrafted and grafted fabrics were further evaluated for dyeing property, as a result, the SPCCF fabrics showed markedly improved colour strength when dyed with acid dyes. The fastness properties of dyeability for the dyed SPCCF fabrics were also good compared with that of ungrafted fabrics by dyeing. Shikonin as a kind of Chinese medicine was found to immobilize on the SPCCF fabric through treatment with shikonin aqueous solution, such fabric displayed effective antibacterial activities against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with durability of 30 washes. These results suggest that the SPCCF can be suitable for medical protective textiles by immobilizing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- College of Light-Textile Engineering and Art, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Light-Textile Engineering and Art, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- College of Light-Textile Engineering and Art, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Anhui Provincial Supervising & Testing Research Institute for Product Quality, Hefei, Anhui 230051, China
| | - Shirun Cheng
- Anhui Provincial Supervising & Testing Research Institute for Product Quality, Hefei, Anhui 230051, China
| | - Hongfei Zheng
- Anhui Provincial Supervising & Testing Research Institute for Product Quality, Hefei, Anhui 230051, China
| | - Yunhui Xu
- College of Light-Textile Engineering and Art, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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Chen H, Sharma SK, Sharma PR, Yeh H, Johnson K, Hsiao BS. Arsenic(III) Removal by Nanostructured Dialdehyde Cellulose-Cysteine Microscale and Nanoscale Fibers. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:22008-22020. [PMID: 31891081 PMCID: PMC6933794 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenite (As(III)) contamination in drinking water has become a worldwide problem in recent years, which leads to development of various As(III) remediation approaches. In this study, two biomass-based nanostructured materials, microscale dialdehyde cellulose-cysteine (MDAC-cys) and nanoscale dialdehyde cellulose-cysteine (NDAC-cys) fibers, have been prepared from wood pulp. Their As(III) removal efficiencies and mechanism were determined by combined adsorption, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, microscopy (scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy), and spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared, 13C CPMAS NMR) methods. The adsorption results of these materials could be well described by the Freundlich isotherm model, where the maximum adsorption capacities estimated by the Langmuir isotherm model were 344.82 mg/g for MDAC-cys and 357.14 mg/g for NDAC-cys, respectively. Both MDAC-cys and NDAC-cys materials were further characterized by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis, where the results indicated that the thiol groups (the S content in MDAC-cys was 12.70 and NDAC-cys was 17.15%) on cysteine were primarily responsible for the adsorption process. The nanostructured MDAC-cys system appeared to be more suitable for practical applications because of its high cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heidi Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, Stony
Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Ken Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony
Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Benjamin S. Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony
Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
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Zhan C, Li Y, Sharma PR, He H, Sharma SK, Wang R, Hsiao BS. A study of TiO 2 nanocrystal growth and environmental remediation capability of TiO 2/CNC nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40565-40576. [PMID: 32215205 PMCID: PMC7069505 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08861j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose, which can be derived from any cellulosic biomass, has emerged as an appealing nanoscale scaffold to develop inorganic-organic nanocomposites for a wide range of applications. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocrystals were synthesized in the cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) scaffold using a simple approach, i.e., hydrolysis of a titanium oxysulfate precursor in a CNC suspension at low temperature. The resulting TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited a narrow size range between 3 and 5 nm, uniformly distributed on and strongly adhered to the CNC surface. The structure of the resulting nanocomposite was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The growth mechanism of TiO2 nanocrystals in the CNC scaffold was also investigated by solution small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), where the results suggested the mineralization process could be described by the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory for Ostwald ripening. The demonstrated TiO2/CNC nanocomposite system exhibited excellent performance in dye degradation and antibacterial activity, suitable for a wide range of environmental remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA. ; Tel: +1-631-632-7793
| | - Yanxiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Priyanka R Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA. ; Tel: +1-631-632-7793
| | - Hongrui He
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA. ; Tel: +1-631-632-7793
| | - Sunil K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA. ; Tel: +1-631-632-7793
| | - Ruifu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA. ; Tel: +1-631-632-7793
| | - Benjamin S Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA. ; Tel: +1-631-632-7793
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Physical and Mechanical Properties of Thermally-Modified Beech Wood Impregnated with Silver Nano-Suspension and Their Relationship with the Crystallinity of Cellulose. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101538. [PMID: 31547089 PMCID: PMC6835842 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of thermally modified beech wood impregnated with silver nano-suspension and to examine their relationship with the crystallinity of cellulose. Specimens were impregnated with a 400 ppm nanosilver suspension (NS); at least, 90% of silver nano-particles ranged between 20 and 100 nano-meters. Heat treatment took place in a laboratory oven at three temperatures, namely 145, 165, and 185 °C. Physical properties and mechanical properties of treated wood demonstrated statistically insignificant fluctuations at low temperatures compared to control specimens. On the other hand, an increase of temperature to 185 °C had a significant effect on all properties. Physical properties (volumetric swelling and water absorption) and mechanical properties (MOR and MOE) of treated wood demonstrated statistically insignificant fluctuations at low temperatures compared to control specimens. This degradation ultimately resulted in significant decrease in MOR, impact strength, and physical properties. However, thermal modification at 185 °C did not seem to cause significant fluctuations in MOE and compression strength parallel to grain. As a consequence of the thermal modification, part of amorphous cellulose was changed to crystalline cellulose. At low temperatures an increased crystallinity caused some of the properties to be improved. Crystallinity also demonstrated a decrease in NS-HT185 in comparison to HT185 treatment. TCr indices in specimens thermally treated at 145 °C revealed a significant increase as a result of impregnation with nanosilver suspension. This improvement in TCr index resulted in a noticeable increase in MOR and MOE values. Other properties did not show significant fluctuations, suggesting that the effect of the increased crystallinity and cross-linking in lignin was more than the negative effect of the low cell-wall polymer degradation caused by thermal modification. Change of amorphous cellulose to crystalline cellulose, as well as cross-linking in lignin, partially ameliorated the negative effects of thermal degradation at higher temperatures and therefore, compression parallel to grain and modulus of elasticity did not decrease significantly. Overall, it can be concluded that increased crystallinity and cross-linking in lignin can compensate for some decreased properties caused by thermal modification, but it would be significantly dependent on the temperature under which modification is carried out. Impregnating specimens with silver nano-suspension prior to thermal modification enhanced the effects of thermal modification as a result of improved thermal conductivity.
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Jeong MJ, Lee S, Yang BS, Potthast A, Kang KY. Cellulose Degradation by Calcium Thiocyanate. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091494. [PMID: 31547450 PMCID: PMC6780712 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissolution process of cellulose aerogels is an important part of their production. However, if the cellulose is severely degraded during the dissolution process, the quality may be low. To evaluate the degradation of cellulose during the dissolution process using calcium thiocyanate, the hydrolysis and oxidation of cellulose were evaluated by the change in absolute molecular weight and by the changes in the content of carboxyl and carbonyl groups introduced into the cellulose hydroxyl group, respectively. A noteworthy hydrolysis phenomenon was found in the cellulose dissolution process. The rate of hydrolysis increased as the number of hydrates in calcium thiocyanate decreased and as the reaction temperature increased. In the case of the reaction with calcium thiocyanate containing six hydrates, the time to reach a 50% loss of the degree of polymerization of cellulose reduced from 196 to 47 min as the reaction temperature was increased from 100 to 120 °C; however, the effect on oxidation was not significant. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area reduced as the degree of cellulose polymerization decreased. Therefore, it is necessary to consider how the cellulose degradation occurring during the cellulosic dissolution process can affect the quality of the final cellulose aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Joon Jeong
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Sinah Lee
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea.
| | - Bong Suk Yang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea.
| | - Antje Potthast
- Department of Chemistry, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Kyu-Young Kang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea.
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Sharma PR, Joshi R, Sharma SK, Hsiao BS. A Simple Approach to Prepare Carboxycellulose Nanofibers from Untreated Biomass. Biomacromolecules 2017. [PMID: 28644013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A simple approach was developed to prepare carboxycellulose nanofibers directly from untreated biomass using nitric acid or nitric acid-sodium nitrite mixtures. Experiments indicated that this approach greatly reduced the need for multichemicals, and offered significant benefits in lowering the consumption of water and electric energy, when compared with conventional multiple-step processes at bench scale (e.g., TEMPO oxidation). Additionally, the effluent produced by this approach could be efficaciously neutralized using base to produce nitrogen-rich salts as fertilizers. TEM measurements of resulting nanofibers from different biomasses, possessed dimensions in the range of 190-370 and 4-5 nm, having PDI = 0.29-0.38. These nanofibers exhibited lower crystallinity than untreated jute fibers as determined by TEM diffraction, WAXD and 13C CPMAS NMR (e.g., WAXD crystallinity index was ∼35% for nanofibers vs 62% for jute). Nanofibers with low crystallinity were found to be effective for removal of heavy metal ions for drinking water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka R Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York11794-3400, United States
| | - Ritika Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York11794-3400, United States
| | - Sunil K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York11794-3400, United States
| | - Benjamin S Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York11794-3400, United States
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Xu Y, Chen D, Du Z, Li J, Wang Y, Yang Z, Peng F. Structure and properties of silk fibroin grafted carboxylic cotton fabric via amide covalent modification. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 161:99-108. [PMID: 28189251 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel eco-friendly production of silk fibroin-grafted carboxylic cotton fabrics without using any crosslinking agents was developed via the reaction of silk fibroin with oxidized cotton. The effect of reaction parameters on mechanical properties of oxidized fabrics and graft add-on of silk fibroin in grafted fabrics was examined. The results showed that appropriate oxidation time of HNO3/H3PO4-NaNO2 mixture and grafting time of fibroin were 45min and 2h respectively. FTIR analysis of grafted sample indicated that the CN amido bond was generated through the reaction between primary amines in silk fibroin and carboxyl groups in oxidized cotton, which was further confirmed by XPS spectra. The grafted fabrics were also evaluated for physical properties like tensile strength, wrinkle recovery angle, moisture regain and yellowness index. Cactus flavonoid coated on grafted fabric through treatment with flavonoid extract of cactus, such treated fabric exhibited a highly inhibitory effect against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Xu
- College of Light-Textile Engineering and Art, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Dingding Chen
- Biotechnology Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zhaofang Du
- College of Light-Textile Engineering and Art, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jifeng Li
- College of Light-Textile Engineering and Art, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- College of Light-Textile Engineering and Art, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- College of Light-Textile Engineering and Art, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Fengxia Peng
- College of Light-Textile Engineering and Art, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
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Peng X, Meng XG, Mi C, Liao XH. Hydrolysis of cellobiose to monosaccharide catalyzed by functional Lanthanum(iii) metallomicelle. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14521f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellobiose could be effectively hydrolyzed to monosaccharide (glucose, fructose and 1,6-anhydroglucose) by the catalysis of metallomicelle La(DMBO)2under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Xiang-Guang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Chun Mi
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Xiao-Hong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
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