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Zhao Z, Sun Z, Lv W, Sun C, Zhang Z. Preparation of graphene/carbon nanotube-cellulose composites assisted by ionic liquids: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133927. [PMID: 39025191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
As is well known, cellulose, as a natural polymer material with abundant reserves, plays an irreplaceable role as the major raw material in energy and chemical-related fields. With the continuous advancement of technology, native single-component cellulose is often unsatisfactory for practical applications, constructing composites is an effective means of expanding the applications. When compounded with other ingredients to prepare composites, cellulose usually needs to be dissolved and regenerated to obtain good dispersion. Current studies have revealed that cellulose is insoluble in conventional solvents, and the limited types of solvent systems that can dissolve cellulose tend to degrade the cellulose during the dissolution process, altering the cellulose properties. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of solvents that are capable of dissolving cellulose without adversely affecting the cellulose during the dissolution process, such as degradation. Graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are poorly dispersed and easily agglomerated by π-π stacking in general solvents, whereas ILs can effectively shield them from π-π stacking, resulting in a favorable and steady dispersion. Thus, the cellulose composites of graphene/CNTs can be prepared with the assistance of ILs. In this paper, the solubilization of cellulose by ILs and the solubilization mechanism to the preparation of cellulose composites with graphene/CNTs are reviewed, the interactions between graphene, CNTs and cellulose in the composites are elucidated, and the preparation of cellulose composites with graphene/CNTs is introduced in terms of their structure, properties and application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zeying Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenfeng Lv
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Caiying Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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2
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Salnikov OG, Trofimov IA, Bender ZT, Trepakova AI, Xu J, Wibbels GL, Shchepin RV, Koptyug IV, Barskiy DA. Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization of 14N Nuclei. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402877. [PMID: 38523072 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization techniques provide a dramatic increase in sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. In spite of the outstanding progress in solution-state hyperpolarization of spin-1/2 nuclei, hyperpolarization of quadrupolar nuclei remains challenging. Here, hyperpolarization of quadrupolar 14N nuclei with natural isotopic abundance of >99 % is demonstrated. This is achieved via pairwise addition of parahydrogen to tetraalkylammonium salts with vinyl or allyl unsaturated moieties followed by a subsequent polarization transfer from 1H to 14N nuclei at high magnetic field using PH-INEPT or PH-INEPT+ radiofrequency pulse sequence. Catalyst screening identified water-soluble rhodium complex [Rh(P(m-C6H4SO3Na)3)3Cl] as the most efficient catalyst for hyperpolarization of the substrates under study, providing up to 1.3 % and up to 6.6 % 1H polarization in the cases of vinyl and allyl precursors, respectively. The performance of PH-INEPT and PH-INEPT+ pulse sequences was optimized with respect to interpulse delays, and the resultant experimental dependences were in good agreement with simulations. As a result, 14N NMR signal enhancement of up to 760-fold at 7.05 T (corresponding to 0.15 % 14N polarization) was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Ivan A Trofimov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Current affiliation, Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Zachary T Bender
- South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota, 57701, United States
| | - Alexandra I Trepakova
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Jingyan Xu
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, and, Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Garrett L Wibbels
- South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota, 57701, United States
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota, 57701, United States
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Danila A Barskiy
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, and, Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, 55128, Germany
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3
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Rahman MM, Jahan MS, Islam MM, Susan MABH. Dissolution of cellulose in imidazolium-based double salt ionic liquids. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131331. [PMID: 38574918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The dissolution of cellulose in double salt ionic liquids (DSILs) was studied in detail and compared with the dissolution in individual constituent ionic liquids (ILs). The DSILs, [C4mim](CH3CO2)xCl1-x (x is the mole fraction of the single component ILs), were synthesized using acetate and chloride salts of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium. These DSILs were then used for the investigation of the solubility of cellulose in the whole mole fraction range. Commercial cellulose (CC) powder, kraft pulp (KP), and prehydrolysis kraft pulp (PHKP) of jute were chosen as cellulose sources. The solubility of cellulose increased with an increasing temperature for [C4mim](CH3CO2)0.6Cl0.4 and with increasing amount of [C4mim]Cl in DSILs. The maximum solubility of CC powder was 32.8 wt% in [C4mim](CH3CO2)0.6Cl0.4 at 100 °C, while for KP and PHKP, solubilities were 30.1 and 30.5 wt%, respectively under the identical condition. Cellulose could be regenerated from the DSILs using water as an antisolvent. Structure, morphology, and thermal stability of the regenerated cellulosic materials were analyzed. DSILs could be recycled >99 % without a discernible change in structure. This work demonstrates that DSILs display enhanced solubility over ILs system and have potential as a chemical processing methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mahbubur Rahman
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh; Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Sarwar Jahan
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mominul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Bin Hasan Susan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Dhaka University Nanotechnology Center (DUNC), University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
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4
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Naserifar S, Koschella A, Heinze T, Bernin D, Hasani M. Investigation of cellulose dissolution in morpholinium-based solvents: impact of solvent structural features on cellulose dissolution. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18639-18650. [PMID: 37346962 PMCID: PMC10280132 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03370h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of N-methylmorpholinium salts with varying N-alkyl chains and Cl-, OAc- and OH- as counter ions have been synthesized and investigated for their ability to dissolve cellulose, aiming at elucidating solvent structural features affecting cellulose dissolution. Synthesis procedures have been developed to, to a high extent, rely on conversions in water and microwave-assisted reactions employing a reduced number of work-up steps and ion-exchange resins that can be regenerated. Water solutions of morpholinium hydroxides proved capable of dissolving cellulose, with those of them possessing alkyl chains longer than ethyl showing surprising dissolution ability at room-temperature. Morpholinium acetates behaved as ionic liquids, and were also capable of dissolving cellulose when combined with DMSO. The obtained cellulose solutions were characterized according to their chemical and colloidal stability using 13C NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography and flow sweep measurements, while the ethanol coagulates were investigated in terms of crystallinity using solid state NMR. In contrast, the morpholinium chlorides obtained were hygroscopic with high melting points and low solubility in common organic solvents e.g., acetone, DMSO and DMAc, thus lacking the ability to swell or dissolve cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Naserifar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden +46317722999
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Andreas Koschella
- Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden +46317722999
| | - Merima Hasani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden +46317722999
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
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Richu, Sharmhal A, Kumar A, Kumar A. Insights into the applications and prospects of ionic liquids towards the chemistry of biomolecules. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Abdalla Suliman Haron G, Mahmood H, Hilmi Bin Noh M, Moniruzzaman M. Ionic liquid assisted nanocellulose production from microcrystalline cellulose: Correlation between cellulose solubility and nanocellulose yield via COSMO-RS prediction. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Ding F, Shen T, Zhao Q, Jin X, Mao S, Gao M. Series of bis-morpholinium-based organo-Vts for the removal of anionic dyes. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Preparation of cellulose-based chromatographic medium for biological separation: A review. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463297. [PMID: 35809519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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The Relationship between Crystal Structure and Mechanical Performance for Fabrication of Regenerated Cellulose Film through Coagulation Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244450. [PMID: 34961000 PMCID: PMC8708383 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose films regenerated from aqueous alkali–urea solution possess different properties depending on coagulation conditions. However, the correlation between coagulant species and properties of regenerated cellulose (RC) films has not been clarified yet. In this study, RC films were prepared from cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) under several coagulation conditions. Cellulose dissolved in aqueous LiOH–urea solution was regenerated using various solvents at ambient temperature to investigate the effects of their dielectric constant on the properties of RC film. The crystal structure, mechanical properties, and surface morphology of prepared RC films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile tester, and atomic probe microscopy (AFM), respectively. It is revealed that the preferential orientation of (110) and (020) crystal planes, which are formed by inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding in cellulose crystal regions, changed depending on coagulant species. Furthermore, we found out that tensile strength, elongation at break, and crystal structure properties of RC films strongly correlate to the dielectric constant of solvents used for the coagulation process. This work, therefore, would be able to provide an indicator to control the mechanical performance of RC film depending on its application and to develop detailed researches on controlling the crystal structure of cellulose.
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10
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Galamba J, Alves VD, Jordão N, Neves LA. Development of cellulose-based polymeric structures using dual functional ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39278-39286. [PMID: 35492502 PMCID: PMC9044494 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03204f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylate ionic liquids (ILs) combining benzethonium (BE) and didecyldimethylammonium (DDA) as cations have been explored to be used for the first time as dual functional solvents for microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) dissolution and, subsequently development of polymeric structures. Considering that some ILs can remain in the polymeric structures after phase inversion, these ILs can offer advantages such as antibacterial/antimicrobial response and ability to disrupt H-bonds. In this context, all tested ILs have been able to dissolve MCC up to a concentration of 4% (w/w), resulting in different polymeric structures, such as gel-like or films, depending on the type of IL and the ratio between MCC and IL. Furthermore, FTIR spectroscopy showed that some IL remains in the polymeric structures, which can enhance their application in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Galamba
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Vítor D Alves
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Noémi Jordão
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Luísa A Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
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11
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Naserifar S, Swensson B, Bernin D, Hasani M. Aqueous N,N-dimethylmorpholinium hydroxide as a novel solvent for cellulose. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Kasprzak D, Galiński M. DMSO as an auxiliary solvent in the fabrication of homogeneous chitin-based films obtaining from an ionic liquid process. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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14
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Synthesis, thermal behavior and kinetic study of N-morpholinium dicationic ionic liquids by thermogravimetry. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Liu S, Gonzalez M, Kong C, Weir S, Socha AM. Synthesis, antibiotic structure-activity relationships, and cellulose dissolution studies of new room-temperature ionic liquids derived from lignin. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:47. [PMID: 33622413 PMCID: PMC7900799 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising pretreatment solvents for lignocellulosic biomass, but are largely prepared from petroleum precursors. Benzaldehydes from depolymerized lignin, such as vanillin, syringaldehyde, and 4-methoxy benzaldehyde, represent renewable feedstocks for the synthesis of ionic liquids. We herein report syntheses of novel lignin-derived ionic liquids, with extended N-alkyl chains, and examine their melting points, cellulose dissolution capacities, and toxicity profiles against Daphnia magna and E. coli strain 1A1. The latter organism has been engineered to produce isoprenol, a drop-in biofuel and precursor for commodity chemicals. RESULTS The new N,N-diethyl and N,N-dipropyl methyl benzylammonium ILs were liquids at room temperature, showing 75-100 °C decreased melting points as compared to their N,N,N-trimethyl benzylammonium analog. Extension of N-alkyl chains also increased antibacterial activity threefold, while ionic liquids prepared from vanillin showed 2- to 4-fold lower toxicity as compared to those prepared from syringaldehyde and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde. The trend of antibacterial activity for anions of lignin-derived ILs was found to be methanesulfonate < acetate < hydroxide. Microcrystalline cellulose dissolution, from 2 to 4 wt% after 20 min at 100 °C, was observed in all new ILs using light microscopy and IR spectroscopy. CONCLUSIONS Ionic liquids prepared from H-, S- and G-lignin oxidation products provided differential cytotoxic activity against E. coli and D. magna, suggesting these compounds could be tailored for application specificity within a biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Queens University of Charlotte, 1900 Selwyn Avenue, Charlotte, NC, 28274, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Queens University of Charlotte, 1900 Selwyn Avenue, Charlotte, NC, 28274, USA
| | - Celine Kong
- Department of Biology, Queens University of Charlotte, 1900 Selwyn Avenue, Charlotte, NC, 28274, USA
| | - Scott Weir
- Department of Biology, Queens University of Charlotte, 1900 Selwyn Avenue, Charlotte, NC, 28274, USA
| | - Aaron M Socha
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Queens University of Charlotte, 1900 Selwyn Avenue, Charlotte, NC, 28274, USA.
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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16
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Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose treated by mixed ionic liquids. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Park S, Oh Y, Jung D, Lee SH. Effect of Cellulose Solvents on the Characteristics of Cellulose/Fe 2O 3 Hydrogel Microspheres as Enzyme Supports. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1869. [PMID: 32825173 PMCID: PMC7563986 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose hydrogels are considered useful biocompatible and biodegradable materials. However, as few cellulose-dissolving solvents can be used to prepare cellulose hydrogel microspheres, the use of unmodified cellulose-based hydrogel microspheres for enzyme immobilization remains limited. Here, we prepared cellulose/Fe2O3 hydrogel microspheres as enzyme supports through sol-gel transition using a solvent-in-oil emulsion. Cellulose-dissolving solvents including 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Emim][Ac]), an aqueous mixture of NaOH and thiourea, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, and tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide were used to prepare regular shaped cellulose/Fe2O3 microspheres. The solvent affected microsphere characteristics like crystallinity, hydrophobicity, surface morphology, size distribution, and swelling properties. The immobilization efficiency of the microspheres for lipase was also significantly influenced by the type of cellulose solvent used. In particular, the lipase immobilized on cellulose/Fe2O3 microspheres prepared using [Emim][Ac] showed the highest protein loading, and its specific activity was 3.1-fold higher than that of free lipase. The immobilized lipase could be simply recovered by a magnet and continuously reused.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sang Hyun Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.P.); (Y.O.); (D.J.)
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18
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Morais ES, Lopes AMDC, Freire MG, Freire CSR, Coutinho JAP, Silvestre AJD. Use of Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polysaccharides Dissolution and Extraction Processes towards Sustainable Biomass Valorization. Molecules 2020; 25:E3652. [PMID: 32796649 PMCID: PMC7465760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A shift to a bioeconomy development model has been evolving, conducting the scientific community to investigate new ways of producing chemicals, materials and fuels from renewable resources, i.e., biomass. Specifically, technologies that provide high performance and maximal use of biomass feedstocks into commodities with reduced environmental impact have been highly pursued. A key example comprises the extraction and/or dissolution of polysaccharides, one of the most abundant fractions of biomass, which still need to be improved regarding these processes' efficiency and selectivity parameters. In this context, the use of alternative solvents and the application of less energy-intensive processes in the extraction of polysaccharides might play an important role to reach higher efficiency and sustainability in biomass valorization. This review debates the latest achievements in sustainable processes for the extraction of polysaccharides from a myriad of biomass resources, including lignocellulosic materials and food residues. Particularly, the ability of ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to dissolve and extract the most abundant polysaccharides from natural sources, namely cellulose, chitin, starch, hemicelluloses and pectins, is scrutinized and the efficiencies between solvents are compared. The interaction mechanisms between solvent and polysaccharide are described, paving the way for the design of selective extraction processes. A detailed discussion of the work developed for each polysaccharide as well as the innovation degree and the development stage of dissolution and extraction technologies is presented. Their advantages and disadvantages are also identified, and possible synergies by integrating microwave- and ultrasound-assisted extraction (MAE and UAE) or a combination of both (UMAE) are briefly described. Overall, this review provides key information towards the design of more efficient, selective and sustainable extraction and dissolution processes of polysaccharides from biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Armando J. D. Silvestre
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (E.S.M.); (A.M.d.C.L.); (M.G.F.); (C.S.R.F.); (J.A.P.C.)
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19
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Synthesis of hydroxyethyl methyl morpholinium azide (HEM Morph)N3: A highly efficient new task specific azide-based ionic liquid and its dual application as an azide source and media for synthesis of some novel aromatic O-oxime ethers-1,2,3-triazole conjugates as a potential antihistaminic agents. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Marcinkowski Ł, Eichenlaub J, Ghasemi E, Polkowska Ż, Kloskowski A. Measurements of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution for Organic Solutes in the Ionic Liquids N-Ethyl- and N-Octyl- N-methylmorpholinium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. A Useful Tool for Solvent Selection. Molecules 2020; 25:E634. [PMID: 32024162 PMCID: PMC7037026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many papers describing ionic liquids (IL) as promising solvents in separation techniques have been published. The conscious choice of appropriate ionic liquid as absorption media in effective extraction of selected types of analytes requires deeper understanding of the analyte-IL interactions. Therefore, intensive research is conducted to determine the values of activity coefficient at infinite dilution, which allows us to characterize the nature of these interactions. Based on the inverse gas chromatography retention data, activity coefficients at infinite dilution γ 13 ∞ of 48 different organic compounds in the ionic liquids N-ethyl-N-methylmorpholinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [C2C1Mor][TFSI] and N-octyl-N-methylmorpholinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [C8C1Mor][TFSI] were determined. The measurements covered a broad range of volatile organic compounds, including n-alkanes, n-alkenes, n-alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, aromatic compounds and common polar solvents, representing different types of interactions. Activity coefficients at infinite dilution were measured in the temperature range from 313.15 to 363.15 K. The excess partial molar enthalpies and entropies at infinite dilution were determined. Selectivity at infinite dilution was also calculated for exemplary separation processes in the hexane/benzene system. The obtained results were analyzed and compared with literature data for ionic liquids containing the same anion [TFSI]¯ and different cations. The study results indicate that some potential applications of the investigated ionic liquids in separation problems exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Marcinkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str.11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (J.E.); (A.K.)
| | - Joachim Eichenlaub
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str.11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (J.E.); (A.K.)
| | - Elham Ghasemi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str.11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (E.G.); (Ż.P.)
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str.11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (E.G.); (Ż.P.)
| | - Adam Kloskowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str.11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (J.E.); (A.K.)
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Mohammadi M, Shafiei M, Karimi K, Abdolmaleki A, Mikkola JP, Larsson C. Improvement of ethanol production from birch and spruce pretreated with 1-H-3-methylmorpholinium chloride. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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22
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Taheri N, Abdolmaleki A, Fashandi H. Impact of non‐solvent on regeneration of cellulose dissolved in 1‐(carboxymethyl)pyridinium chloride ionic liquid. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Taheri
- Department of ChemistryIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Amir Abdolmaleki
- Department of ChemistryIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz Iran
| | - Hossein Fashandi
- Department of Textile EngineeringIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
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23
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Kasprzak D, Krystkowiak E, Stępniak I, Galiński M. Dissolution of cellulose in novel carboxylate-based ionic liquids and dimethyl sulfoxide mixed solvents. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hanabusa H, Takeoka Y, Rikukawa M, Yoshizawa-Fujita M. Effect of Alkyl Chain Length in Anions on the Physicochemical Properties of Cellulose-Dissolving Protic Ionic Liquids. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A protic ionic liquid (PIL) composed of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene (DBU) and acetic acid can dissolve cellulose under mild conditions and catalyse its transesterification. To investigate the relationship between physicochemical properties and chemical structures, PILs composed of DBU and carboxylic acids with varying alkyl chain lengths were prepared as cellulose-dissolving solvents. The thermal behaviours of the PILs were analysed by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, and their viscosities, ionic conductivities, and cellulose-dissolution abilities were determined. The effect of the alkyl chain length in the carboxylate ion on the physicochemical properties of the PILs was investigated. With increasing chain length, the thermal stability and ionic conductivity increased, whereas the melting point (Tm), glass-transition temperature (Tg), cellulose solubility, and viscosity decreased. The cellulose solubility increased as the difference between the pKa values of the DBU and carboxylic acid (ΔpKa) increased. In addition, the cellulose solubility increased with the increasing density of the PIL. It was revealed that PILs with a high ΔpKa value and a carboxylate ion with a short alkyl chain are suitable for cellulose dissolution.
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Taheri N, Abdolmaleki A, Fashandi H. Pyridinium-based ionic liquid/water mixture intended for efficient dissolution of cellulose, chitosan and chitin: The pivotal contribution of water. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:413-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ionic Liquids: Efficient Media for the Lipase-Catalyzed Michael Addition. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092154. [PMID: 30150588 PMCID: PMC6225191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have been regarded as ideal media for non-aqueous bio-catalysis. In this work, the synthesis of warfarin by the lipase-catalyzed Michael addition in IL media and the parameters that affected the warfarin yield were investigated. Experimental results demonstrated that the chemical structures of the ILs were a major factor for influencing the warfarin yield. The ILs containing the NTf2– anion were suitable reaction media due to the high chemical stability of this anion. The incorporation of the hydroxyl group on the IL cation significantly improved the lipase activity due to the H2O-mimicking property of this group. The lipase activity decreased by increasing the alkyl chain length on the IL cation due to the non-polar domain formation of the IL cation at the active site entrance of lipase. The ILs and lipase could be reused no less than five times without reduction in the warfarin yield.
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Abstract
Chemocatalytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass to value-added chemicals has attracted global interest in order to build up sustainable societies. Cellulose, the first most abundant constituent of lignocellulosic biomass, has received extensive attention for its comprehensive utilization of resource, such as its catalytic conversion into high value-added chemicals and fuels (e.g., HMF, DMF, and isosorbide). However, the low reactivity of cellulose has prevented its use in chemical industry due to stable chemical structure and poor solubility in common solvents over the cellulose. Recently, homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis for the conversion of cellulose has been expected to overcome this issue, because various types of pretreatment and homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts can be designed and applied in a wide range of reaction conditions. In this review, we show the present situation and perspective of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis for the direct conversion of cellulose into useful platform chemicals.
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Zeindlhofer V, Schröder C. Computational solvation analysis of biomolecules in aqueous ionic liquid mixtures : From large flexible proteins to small rigid drugs. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:825-840. [PMID: 29687270 PMCID: PMC5988630 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on their tunable properties, ionic liquids attracted significant interest to replace conventional, organic solvents in biomolecular applications. Following a Gartner cycle, the expectations on this new class of solvents dropped after the initial hype due to the high viscosity, hydrolysis, and toxicity problems as well as their high cost. Since not all possible combinations of cations and anions can be tested experimentally, fundamental knowledge on the interaction of the ionic liquid ions with water and with biomolecules is mandatory to optimize the solvation behavior, the biodegradability, and the costs of the ionic liquid. Here, we report on current computational approaches to characterize the impact of the ionic liquid ions on the structure and dynamics of the biomolecule and its solvation layer to explore the full potential of ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Zeindlhofer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Computational Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 17, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Schröder
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Computational Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 17, Vienna, Austria.
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Li Y, Wang J, Liu X, Zhang S. Towards a molecular understanding of cellulose dissolution in ionic liquids: anion/cation effect, synergistic mechanism and physicochemical aspects. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4027-4043. [PMID: 29780532 PMCID: PMC5941279 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05392d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective summarizes mechanistic studies on cellulose dissolution in ionic liquids, highlighting the synergistic mechanism, physicochemical aspects and future research trends.
Cellulose is one of the most abundant bio-renewable materials on the earth and its conversion to biofuels provides an appealing way to satisfy the increasing global energy demand. However, before carrying out the process of enzymolysis to glucose or polysaccharides, cellulose needs to be pretreated to overcome its recalcitrance. In recent years, a variety of ionic liquids (ILs) have been found to be effective solvents for cellulose, providing a new, feasible pretreatment strategy. A lot of experimental and computational studies have been carried out to investigate the dissolution mechanism. However, many details are not fully understood, which highlights the necessity to overview the current knowledge of cellulose dissolution and identify the research trend in the future. This perspective summarizes the mechanistic studies and microscopic insights of cellulose dissolution in ILs. Recent investigations of the synergistic effect of cations/anions and the distinctive structural changes of cellulose microfibril in ILs are also reviewed. Besides, understanding the factors controlling the dissolution process, such as the structure of anions/cations, viscosity of ILs, pretreatment temperature, heating rate, etc., has been discussed from a structural and physicochemical viewpoint. At the end, the existing problems are discussed and future prospects are given. We hope this article would be helpful for deeper understanding of the cellulose dissolution process in ILs and the rational design of more efficient and recyclable ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process , CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Jianji Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process , CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process , CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China . ;
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Kostag M, Jedvert K, Achtel C, Heinze T, El Seoud OA. Recent Advances in Solvents for the Dissolution, Shaping and Derivatization of Cellulose: Quaternary Ammonium Electrolytes and their Solutions in Water and Molecular Solvents. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030511. [PMID: 29495344 PMCID: PMC6017797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a sustained interest in developing solvents for physically dissolving cellulose, i.e., without covalent bond formation. The use of ionic liquids, ILs, has generated much interest because of their structural versatility that results in efficiency as cellulose solvents. Despite some limitations, imidazole-based ILs have received most of the scientific community’s attention. The objective of the present review is to show the advantages of using quaternary ammonium electrolytes, QAEs, including salts of super bases, as solvents for cellulose dissolution, shaping, and derivatization, and as a result, increase the interest in further investigation of these important solvents. QAEs share with ILs structural versatility; many are liquids at room temperature or are soluble in water and molecular solvents (MSs), in particular dimethyl sulfoxide. In this review we first give a historical background on the use of QAEs in cellulose chemistry, and then discuss the common, relatively simple strategies for their synthesis. We discuss the mechanism of cellulose dissolution by QAEs, neat or as solutions in MSs and water, with emphasis on the relevance to cellulose dissolution efficiency of the charge and structure of the cation and. We then discuss the use of cellulose solutions in these solvents for its derivatization under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. The products of interest are cellulose esters and ethers; our emphasis is on the role of solvent and possible side reactions. The final part is concerned with the use of cellulose dopes in these solvents for its shaping as fibers, a field with potential commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Kostag
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Kerstin Jedvert
- Bio-based Fibres, Swerea IVF, P.O. Box 104, SE-431 22 Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Christian Achtel
- Centre of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Centre of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Omar A El Seoud
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Ragab S, El Nemr A. Nanofiber cellulose di- and tri-acetate using ferric chloride as a catalyst promoting highly efficient synthesis under microwave irradiation. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2017.1387741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Ragab
- Marine Pollution Department, Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Marine Pollution Department, Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
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Ghatee MH, Ghaed-sharaf T. An experimental study on the surface properties of Protic Morpholinium-based ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang J, Xue Z, Yu T, Liu Z, Mu T. Activation of Cellulose Assisted by CO2
for the Preparation of a Superhydrophobic Nanocoating. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1773-1779. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; 59 Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100872 China
| | - Zhimin Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry; College of Materials Science and Technology; Beijing Forestry University; 35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District Beijing 100083 China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; 59 Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100872 China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 2 Zhongguancun Beiyijie Beijing 100190 China
| | - Tiancheng Mu
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; 59 Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100872 China
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Hou Q, Ju M, Li W, Liu L, Chen Y, Yang Q. Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Ionic Liquids and Ionic Liquid-Based Solvent Systems. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030490. [PMID: 28335528 PMCID: PMC6155251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretreatment is very important for the efficient production of value-added products from lignocellulosic biomass. However, traditional pretreatment methods have several disadvantages, including low efficiency and high pollution. This article gives an overview on the applications of ionic liquids (ILs) and IL-based solvent systems in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. It is divided into three parts: the first deals with the dissolution of biomass in ILs and IL-based solvent systems; the second focuses on the fractionation of biomass using ILs and IL-based solvent systems as solvents; the third emphasizes the enzymatic saccharification of biomass after pretreatment with ILs and IL-based solvent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Hou
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Meiting Ju
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Weizun Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Le Liu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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37
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Albán Reyes DC, Gorzsás A, Stridh K, de Wit P, Sundman O. Alkalization of dissolving cellulose pulp with highly concentrated caustic at low NaOH stoichiometric excess. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 165:213-220. [PMID: 28363542 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We present a quantitative study, using Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis, to determine the degree of activation of softwood sulphite dissolving cellulose pulp by aqueous sodium hydroxide. We have chosen industrially relevant conditions, including low stoichiometric ratio of NaOH/Anhydroglucose Unit (AGU)<2 and highly concentrated caustic (≥45% w/w [NaOH]). A design of experiments is used to investigate the effects of simultaneous variation of a set of key parameters on the degree of activation (i.e. transformation to alkali cellulose, denoted as DoA): (a) the NaOH/AGU stoichiometric ratio, denoted (r); (b) the concentration of NaOH, denoted [NaOH]; (c) temperature, denoted (T); and (d) reaction time, denoted (t). Solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy was applied to investigate the reproducibility of the experiments and to select the range for (t). According to the model, (r) is found to have a statistically significant effect on DoA (increasing from DoA=6-30% at the lowest (r)=0.8, to DoA=48-87% at the highest (r)=1.8), together with [NaOH]. The influence of [NaOH] depends strongly on (r). The other studied variables are found to be insignificant in the model and has a complicated influence on the activation. In particular, (T) is found to be unimportant in the studied range (30-60°C), but increasing (t) from 5 to 25min shows a positive influence on DoA, depending on both (r) and [NaOH]. A mercerisation mechanism that is controlled by diffusion is proposed to explain these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - András Gorzsás
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | - Paul de Wit
- AkzoNobel, 6827AV 73 Arnhem, The Netherlands.
| | - Ola Sundman
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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38
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A hierarchically porous cellulose monolith: A template-free fabricated, morphology-tunable, and easily functionalizable platform. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:429-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Chong MY, Numan A, Liew CW, Ramesh K, Ramesh S. Comparison of the performance of copper oxide and yttrium oxide nanoparticle based hydroxylethyl cellulose electrolytes for supercapacitors. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mee Yoke Chong
- Centre for Ionics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics; INTI International University, Persiaran Bandar Baru Nilai; Nilai 71800 Malaysia
| | - Arshid Numan
- Centre for Ionics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Chiam-Wen Liew
- Centre for Ionics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - K. Ramesh
- Centre for Ionics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - S. Ramesh
- Centre for Ionics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
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40
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Zhang Z, Song J, Han B. Catalytic Transformation of Lignocellulose into Chemicals and Fuel Products in Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2016; 117:6834-6880. [PMID: 28535680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Innovative valorization of naturally abundant and renewable lignocellulosic biomass is of great importance in the pursuit of a sustainable future and biobased economy. Ionic liquids (ILs) as an important kind of green solvents and functional fluids have attracted significant attention for the catalytic transformation of lignocellulosic feedstocks into a diverse range of products. Taking advantage of some unique properties of ILs with different functions, the catalytic transformation processes can be carried out more efficiently and potentially with lower environmental impacts. Also, a new product portfolio may be derived from catalytic systems with ILs as media. This review focuses on the catalytic chemical conversion of lignocellulose and its primary ingredients (i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) into value-added chemicals and fuel products using ILs as the reaction media. An outlook is provided at the end of this review to highlight the challenges and opportunities associated with this interesting and important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanrong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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41
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42
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Understanding cellulose dissolution: effect of the cation and anion structure of ionic liquids on the solubility of cellulose. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Fukaya Y, Asai RI, Kadotani S, Nokami T, Itoh T. Extraction of Polysaccharides from Japanese Cedar Using Phosphonate-Derived Polar Ionic Liquids Having Functional Groups. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Hettige JJ, Araque JC, Kashyap HK, Margulis CJ. Communication: Nanoscale structure of tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium based ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:121102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4944678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan C. Araque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Hemant K. Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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45
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Liu N, Wang B, Chen S, Ke F, Chen Y, Pei Q, Wang H. Improving the mechanical properties of cellulose diacetate fibers via using an ionic liquid as processing solvent. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21583h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CDA fibers with improved mechanical properties via using [BMIM]Cl ionic liquid which can be directly used for the production of fabric yarns and garments were fabricated and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| | - Baochun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| | - Fuyou Ke
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| | - Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| | - Qibing Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
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46
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Konwar LJ, Mäki-Arvela P, Thakur AJ, Kumar N, Mikkola JP. Sulfonated carbon as a new, reusable heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot synthesis of acetone soluble cellulose acetate. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25716f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A sulfonated carbon (SO3H/PhSO3H-carbon) catalyzed process was developed for the one-pot synthesis of acetone soluble-cellulose acetate (CA) via acetylation of cellulose with acetic anhydride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhya Jyoti Konwar
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre
- Åbo Akademi University
- Turku
- Finland
| | - Päivi Mäki-Arvela
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre
- Åbo Akademi University
- Turku
- Finland
| | | | - Narendra Kumar
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre
- Åbo Akademi University
- Turku
- Finland
| | - Jyri-Pekka Mikkola
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre
- Åbo Akademi University
- Turku
- Finland
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Wang J, Xue Z, Yan C, Li Z, Mu T. Fine regulation of cellulose dissolution and regeneration by low pressure CO2 in DMSO/organic base: dissolution behavior and mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:32772-32779. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exploring cellulose dissolving and regenerating behavior in DMSO/organic base solvent systems with the activation of low pressure CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- China
| | - Zhimin Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- College of Materials Science and Technology
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Chuanyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Colloid & Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Tiancheng Mu
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- China
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48
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Solvation of the morpholinium cation in acetonitrile. Effect of an anion. J Mol Model 2016; 22:26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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