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Lin H, Han R, Wu W. Glucans and applications in drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121904. [PMID: 38431411 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Glucan is a natural polysaccharide widely distributed in cereals and microorganisms that has various biological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. In addition to wide applications in the broad fields of food, healthcare, and biomedicines, glucans hold promising potential as drug delivery carrier materials or ligands. Specifically, glucan microparticles or yeast cell wall particles are naturally enclosed vehicles with an interior cavity that can be exploited to carry and deliver drug payloads. The biological activities and targeting capacities of glucans depend largely on the recognition of glucan moieties by receptors such as dectin-1 and complement receptor 3, which are widely expressed on the cell membranes of mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and some lymphocytes. This review summarizes the chemical structures, sources, fundamental properties, extraction methods, and applications of these materials, with an emphasis on drug delivery. Glucans are utilized mainly as vaccine adjuvants, targeting ligands and as carrier materials for various drug entities. It is believed that glucans and glucan microparticles may be useful for the delivery of both small-molecule and macromolecular drugs, especially for potential treatment of immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Rongze Han
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China; Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai 201203, China.
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2
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Timm TG, Costa TM, Alberton MD, Helm CV, Tavares LBB. Mushroom β-glucans: application and innovation for food industry and immunotherapy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12656-4. [PMID: 37410138 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the most important sources of β-glucans are edible and medicinal mushrooms. These molecules are components of the cellular wall of basidiomycete fungi (mushrooms) and can be extracted even from the basidiocarp as the mycelium and its cultivation extracts or biomasses. Mushroom β-glucans are recognized by their potential effects as immunostimulants and immunosuppressants. They are highlighted as anticholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, adjuvant in diabetes mellitus, mycotherapy for cancer treatment, as well as adjuvants for COVID-19 vaccines. Due to their relevance, several techniques of β-glucans extraction, purification, and analysis have already been described. Despite the previous knowledge of β-glucans' benefits for human nutrition and health, the main information about this topic refers to the molecular identification, properties, and benefits, as well as their synthesis and action on cells. Studies on biotechnology industry applications (product development) and the registered products of β-glucans from mushrooms are still limited and more common for feed and healthcare. In this context, this paper reviews the biotechnological production of food products containing β-glucans from basidiomycete fungi, focusing on food enrichment, and presents a new perspective on fungi β-glucans' use as potential immunotherapy agents. KEY POINTS: • Mushrooms' β-glucans for product development in the biotechnology industry • Biotechnological production of food products containing mushrooms' β-glucans • Basidiomycete fungi β-glucans are used as potential immunotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaynã Gonçalves Timm
- Environmental Engineering Graduate Program, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | | | - Michele Debiasi Alberton
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Vieira Helm
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Research Center of Forestry - Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, Paraná, Brazil
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3
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Sun Y, He H, Wang Q, Yang X, Jiang S, Wang D. A Review of Development and Utilization for Edible Fungal Polysaccharides: Extraction, Chemical Characteristics, and Bioactivities. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204454. [PMID: 36298031 PMCID: PMC9609814 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible fungi, commonly known as mushrooms, are precious medicinal and edible homologous gifts from nature to us. Because of their distinctive flavor and exceptional nutritional and medicinal value, they have been a frequent visitor to people’s dining tables and have become a hot star in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. Edible fungal polysaccharides (EFPs) are an essential nutrient for edible fungi to exert bioactivity. They have attracted much attention because of their antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic bioactivities. As a result, EFPs have demonstrated outstanding potential over the past few decades in various disciplines, including molecular biology, immunology, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical chemistry. However, the complexity of EFPs and the significant impact of mushroom variety and extraction techniques on their bioactivities prevents a complete investigation of their biological features. Therefore, the authors of this paper thoroughly reviewed the comparison of different extraction methods of EFPs and their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic bond type and backbone structure of EFPs are described in detail. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of EFPs extracted by different methods and their potential regulatory mechanisms are summarized. These provide a valuable reference for improving the extraction process of EFPs and their production and development in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Sun
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Huaqi He
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Shengjuan Jiang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Daobing Wang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
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Du B, Zhang X, Zhu C, Wu Y, Ji H, Zhang Y, Yue X. Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Effects of Polysaccharides from
Pleurotus ostreatus
on immunosuppressed mice. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biqi Du
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Caiping Zhu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Yuan Wu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Huijie Ji
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xiaoxia Yue
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
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5
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Leong YK, Yang FC, Chang JS. Extraction of polysaccharides from edible mushrooms: Emerging technologies and recent advances. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Tang W, Liu D, Yin JY, Nie SP. Consecutive and progressive purification of food-derived natural polysaccharide: Based on material, extraction process and crude polysaccharide. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Duarte Trujillo AS, Jiménez Forero JA, Pineda Insuasti JA, González Trujillo CA, García Juarez M. Extracción de sustancias bioactivas de <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> (Pleurotaceae) por maceración dinámica. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v25n1.72409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
La extracción de compuestos bioactivos de Pleurotus ostreatus por maceración dinámica, es un proceso sencillo y económico, que normalmente presenta baja eficiencia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el proceso de extracción para determinar qué tratamiento permite la mayor eficiencia, analizando la influencia de los factores de estudio: concentración de etanol (50 %, 80 %, 95 %) y relación sólido/solvente (1:10, 1:20, 1:30). Se maceraron 5 g de polvo fúngico en etanol acuoso durante 90 minutos, a 150 rpm, 25 °C y tamaño de partícula de 0,5 a 1,0 mm. Se trataron los datos mediante estadística paramétrica con un nivel de confianza del 95 %. Los resultados revelaron que la mayor eficiencia de extracción total (40,9 %) en base seca se obtuvo con etanol al 50 % y una relación sólido/solvente de 1:30. Por componentes se encontró que, el etanol al 50 % con una relación de 1:20 permitió la máxima eficiencia para carbohidratos totales (17,9 %) y polisacáridos (17,2 %), mientras que con una relación de 1:30 se obtuvo la máxima eficiencia para azúcares reductores (0,91 %) y polifenoles (0,23 %). Por otro lado, el etanol al 95 % y la relación 1:30 permitió la máxima eficiencia para proteínas (29,4 %). La extracción de beta-glucanos no fue significativa. La eficiencia de la extracción está muy influenciada por los parámetros de operación, principalmente por la concentración de etanol; en particular, la de 50 % resultó más favorable para la obtención de la mayoría de sustancias bioactivas con potencial nutracéutico.
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Zeng X, Li P, Chen X, Kang Y, Xie Y, Li X, Xie T, Zhang Y. Effects of deproteinization methods on primary structure and antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:867-876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Zhong L, Ma N, Wu Y, Zhao L, Ma G, Pei F, Hu Q. Characterization and functional evaluation of oat protein isolate-Pleurotus ostreatus β-glucan conjugates formed via Maillard reaction. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Radzki W, Ziaja‐Sołtys M, Nowak J, Topolska J, Bogucka‐Kocka A, Sławińska A, Michalak‐Majewska M, Jabłońska‐Ryś E, Kuczumow A. Impact of processing on polysaccharides obtained from button mushroom (
Agaricus bisporus
). Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Radzki
- Department of Fruits, Vegetables and Mushrooms Technology University of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin 20‐704 Poland
| | - Marta Ziaja‐Sołtys
- Department of Biology and Genetics Medical University of Lublin Lublin 20‐093 Poland
| | - Jakub Nowak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering Lublin Catholic University Stalowa Wola 37‐450 Poland
| | - Jolanta Topolska
- Department of Biology and Genetics Medical University of Lublin Lublin 20‐093 Poland
| | - Anna Bogucka‐Kocka
- Department of Biology and Genetics Medical University of Lublin Lublin 20‐093 Poland
| | - Aneta Sławińska
- Department of Fruits, Vegetables and Mushrooms Technology University of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin 20‐704 Poland
| | - Monika Michalak‐Majewska
- Department of Fruits, Vegetables and Mushrooms Technology University of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin 20‐704 Poland
| | - Ewa Jabłońska‐Ryś
- Department of Fruits, Vegetables and Mushrooms Technology University of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin 20‐704 Poland
| | - Andrzej Kuczumow
- Institute of Environmental Engineering Lublin Catholic University Stalowa Wola 37‐450 Poland
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11
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Mushrooms: Isolation and Purification of Exopolysaccharides. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02622-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Cais-Sokolińska D, Stachowiak B, Kaczyński ŁK, Bierzuńska P, Górna B. The stability of the casein-gluconate matrix in reduced-lactose kefir with soluble fraction polysaccharides containing β-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Cais-Sokolińska
- Department of Dairy Technology; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Wojska Polskiego 31 60-624 Poznań Poland
| | - Barbara Stachowiak
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Wojska Polskiego 31 60-624 Poznań Poland
| | - Łukasz K Kaczyński
- Department of Dairy Technology; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Wojska Polskiego 31 60-624 Poznań Poland
| | - Paulina Bierzuńska
- Department of Dairy Technology; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Wojska Polskiego 31 60-624 Poznań Poland
| | - Barbara Górna
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Wojska Polskiego 31 60-624 Poznań Poland
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Physical stability of R-(+)-Limonene emulsions stabilized by Ulva fasciata algae polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:926-934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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