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Yin JT, Zhang MR, Zhang S, Yang SH, Li JP, Liu Y, Duan JA, Guo JM. Astragalus membranaceus Polysaccharide Regulates Small Intestinal Microbes and Activates IL-22 Signal Pathway to Promote Intestinal Stem Cell Regeneration in Aging Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:513-539. [PMID: 38533568 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Aging can cause degenerative changes in multiple tissues and organs. Gastrointestinal diseases and dysfunctions are common in the elderly population. In this study, we investigated the effects of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide (APS) and Astragalus membranaceus ethanol extract (AEE) on age-related intestinal dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis in naturally aging mice. The energy expenditure and physical activity of 23-month-old C57BL6/J mice were recorded using a metabolic cage system. Pathological changes in the intestine were evaluated using Alcian blue staining. The protein levels of leucine-rich repeats containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) and Stat3 in the small intestine were determined using immunohistochemistry. The intestinal cell migration distance was assessed using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunofluorescence staining. The gene transcription levels of intestinal stem cell (ISC) markers and ISC-related signaling pathways were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Microbiota analysis based on 16S rDNA was performed to evaluate the composition of the gut microbiota. APS and AEE improved a series of aging phenotypes in female but not in male aging mice. APS and AEE ameliorate intestinal dysfunction and histopathological changes in aging mice. APS had a more significant anti-aging effect than AEE, particularly on intestinal dysfunction. APS promotes ISC regeneration by activating the IL-22 signaling pathway. Cohousing (CH) experiments further confirmed that APS induced the IL-22 signaling pathway by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus, thereby promoting the regeneration of ISCs. Our results show that APS may serve as a promising agent for improving age-related intestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ting Yin
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM, Formulae Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Ruo Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM, Formulae Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM, Formulae Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Hui Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM, Formulae Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM, Formulae Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM, Formulae Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM, Formulae Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM, Formulae Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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TIAN J, GONG Q, ZHU S, LI Y. Extracellular polysaccharide of Lactobacillus plantarum enhance immune efficacy of oprH gene recombinant subunit vaccine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1210-1215. [PMID: 37779090 PMCID: PMC10686767 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the immune enhancement effect of the extracellular polysaccharide of Lactobacillus plantarum on oprH recombinant subunit vaccine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a recombinant subunit vaccine of oprH (rOprH vaccine) was developed. The EP-rOprH vaccine was prepared with the extracellular polysaccharide of L. plantarum as an adjuvant. Mice were vaccinated with the rOprH and EP-rOprH vaccines, and the outer membrane protein (OMP) and inactivated vaccines were used as controls. The levels of serum antibody, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL-2), and IL-4 were determined after vaccination. Finally, the protective efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated after challenge with virulent P. aeruginosa. Following vaccination, the serum antibody levels were significantly higher in mice vaccinated with the EP-rOprH vaccine than in those vaccinated with the rOprH vaccine (P<0.05). Moreover, the serum antibody levels detected in the EP-rOprH vaccine group were similar to those detected in the OMP vaccine group when P. aeruginosa suspension was used as the coating antigen. However, the levels in the EP-rOprH vaccine group were higher than those in the OMP vaccine and inactivated vaccine groups when the purified rOprH protein was used as the coating antigen (P<0.05). The level of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 in mice vaccinated with the EP-rOprH vaccine was significantly higher than that in mice vaccinated with the rOprH vaccine (P<0.05) and comparable to that in mice vaccinated with the OMP vaccine. The protective rates were 65%, 80%, 80%, and 95% with the rOprH, EP-rOprH, OMP, and inactivated vaccines, respectively. Thus, the extracellular polysaccharide of L. plantarum significantly enhanced the immune response and protection provided by the recombinant subunit vaccine of oprH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu TIAN
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Qiang GONG
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Shiji ZHU
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Yajing LI
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
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Galf-containing polysaccharides from medicinal molds: Sources, structures and bioactive properties. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Yan H, Ma X, Mi Z, He Z, Rong P. Extracellular Polysaccharide from Rhizopus nigricans Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma via miR-494-3p/TRIM36 Axis and Cyclin E Ubiquitination. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:608-619. [PMID: 36062277 PMCID: PMC9396321 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study was designed to uncover the mechanism for extracellular polysaccharide (EPS1-1)-mediated effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. METHODS HCC cells were treated with EPS1-1, miR-494-3p mimic, sh-TRIM36, and pcDNA3.1-TRIM36. The levels of miR-494-3p and TRIM36 were measured in normal hepatocytes, THLE-2, and HepG2 and HuH7HCC cell lines, along with the protein expression of cyclin D/E and p21. The proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of HCC cells were assayed. The interactions between miR-494-3p and TRIM36, and between TRIM36 and cyclin E were assessed. Finally, the expression and localization of TRIM36 and cyclin E were monitored, and tumor apoptosis was detected, in tumor xenograft model. RESULTS EPS1-1 suppressed HCC cell proliferation and cyclin D/E expression and promoted apoptosis and p21 expression. miR-494-3p was upregulated and TRIM36 was downregulated in HCC cells. Transfection with miR-494-3p mimic or sh-TRIM36 facilitated HCC cell proliferation and the expression of cyclin D/E protein but they inhibited apoptosis and p21 expression in the presence of EPS1-1. Overexpression of TRIM36 further consolidated EPS1-1-mediated inhibition of HCC proliferation, cyclin D/E, and the promotion of apoptosis and p21 expression. Those effects were reversed by miR-494-3p overexpression. TRIM36 was a target gene of miR-494-3p, and TRIM36 induced cyclin E ubiquitination. EPS1-1 suppressed cyclin E expression, promoted TRIM36 expression and tumor apoptosis, all of which were abrogated by increasing the expression of miR-494-3p in vivo. CONCLUSIONS EPS1-1 protected against HCC by limiting its proliferation and survival through the miR-494-3p/TRIM36 axis and by inducing cyclin E ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pengfei Rong
- Correspondence to: Pengfei Rong, Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5473-1982. Tel: +86-18684706350, Fax: +86-731-88618411, E-mail:
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Li Z, Xu X, Meng Y, Ma Q, Huma F, Zhang P, Chen K. [Assessment of biological activities of exopolysaccharides with different relative molecular masses extracted from Rhizopus nigricans]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1540-1546. [PMID: 34755670 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.10.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antioxidant, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activities of exopolysaccharides with different molecular masses isolated from Rhizopus nigricans. METHODS Three polysaccharides with different molecular masses, namely RPS-1, RPS-2 and RPS-3, were separated from the fermentation broth of Rhizopus nigricans by fractional ethanol precipitation, and their capacity for scavenging DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals was assessed. Cell counting kit-8 was used to analyze the changes in the viability of MFC, A549 and RAW 264.7 cells following treatments with the 3 polysaccharides; The level of nitric oxide in the supernatant of RAW 264.7 cells was detected using a nitric oxide detection kit, and the apoptosis rate of A549 cells was analyzed with flow cytometry. RESULTS All the 3 polysaccharides had good antioxidant activities, and among them RPS-1 with a medium molecular mass exhibited the strongest scavenging capacity for DPPH and ABTS radicals (P < 0.05) while RPS-3 with the lowest molecular mass had the best scavenging activity for hydroxyl radicals (P < 0.01). All the 3 polysaccharides were capable of inhibiting the proliferation of MFC cells and A549 cells, activating the macrophages RAW 264.7 cells, and inducing apoptosis of A549 cells. RPS-2 with the highest molecular mass showed the strongest inhibitory effects against MFC and A549 cells (P > 0.05), and RPS-2 had the strongest activity for inducing apoptosis in A549 cells (P < 0.05). Compared with the other two polysaccharides, RPS-2 more strongly promoted the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells and enhanced NO release from the cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The 3 polysaccharides all have antioxidant, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activities, and among them RPS-1 and RPS-3 have better antioxidant activities, and RPS-2 has stronger anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - X Xu
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Y Meng
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Q Ma
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - F Huma
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - P Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - K Chen
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.,National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Xu S, Tan H, Yang Q, Wang R, Tian C, Ji Y, Zhao P, Xia Q, Wang F. Fabrication of a Silk Sericin Hydrogel System Delivering Human Lactoferrin Using Genetically Engineered Silk with Improved Bioavailability to Alleviate Chemotherapy-Induced Immunosuppression. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45175-45190. [PMID: 34525798 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments for cancer; however, it usually causes severe atrophy of immune organs and self-immunity damage to patients. Human lactoferrin (hLF) is a multiple biofunctional protein in regulating the immune response and thus holds great promise to alleviate chemotherapy-caused immunosuppression. However, a sufficient hLF resource and efficient delivery of hLF remain a challenge. Here, we provide a useful strategy to simultaneously solve these two problems. A silk sericin hydrogel system delivering recombinant hLF (SSH-rhLF) was fabricated to alleviate the chemotherapeutic drug-caused side effects by rhLF-carrying silk cocoons, which were cost-effectively produced by a transgenic silkworm strain as the resource. SSH-rhLF with a uniform porous microstructural morphology, a dominant β-sheet internal structure, adjustable concentration and sustainable release of the rhLF, and non-cytotoxicity properties was demonstrated. Interestingly, the sericin hydrogel showed effective protection of the rhLF from degradation in the stomach and small intestine, thus prolonging the bioactivity and bioavailability of rhLF. As a result, the oral administration of SSH-rhLF with a low rhLF dose showed significant therapeutic effects on enhancing the immune organs of cyclophosphamide (CTX)-treated mice by protecting the splenic follicles, promoting the expression of immunoregulatory factors, and recovering the intestinal flora family from CTX-induced imbalance, which were similar to those achieved by oral administration of a high dose of free hLF in the solution form. The results suggest that the strategy of producing rhLF silk cocoons via feeding transgenic silkworms overcomes well the shortage of rhLF resources, improves the bioavailability of oral rhLF, and alleviates the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on immune organs. The oral SSH-rhLF will be promising for applications in cancer chemotherapy and immunity enhancement of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Riyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Chi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yanting Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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Effects of Rhizopus Nigricans Exopolysaccharide on Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Migration of Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells and Akt Signaling Pathway. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5621984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To study the effect of Rhizopus nigricans exopolysaccharide EPS1-1 on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Methods. Human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of EPS1-1. The effect of EPS1-1 on cell proliferation was tested by the CCK-8 experiment, and the effect of EPS1-1 on cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. And the scratch test was used to detect the impact of EPS1-1 on cell migration. Western blot then was used to measure the expression changes of related proteins in the Akt signaling pathway. Results. Compared with the control group, treatment with EPS1-1 significantly reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of MCF-7 cells and promoted the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In terms of the underlying mechanism, EPS1-1 can significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of Akt at threonine 308 and serine 473 and cause the expression changes of downstream proliferation-related genes CCND1 and p21, apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2 and Bax, and migration-related genes Vimentin and E-cadherin in terms of their protein levels. Conclusion. EPS1-1 can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer MCF-7 cells and promote the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by inhibiting the activation of the Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, EPS1-1 can be used as a potential new drug or adjuvant drug for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Jiang S, Yin H, Li R, Shi W, Mou J, Yang J. The activation effects of fucoidan from sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus on RAW264.7 cells via TLR2/4-NF-κB pathway and its structure-activity relationship. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118353. [PMID: 34364600 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus is a traditional tonic food with high nutritive value in Southern China. Fucoidan from sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus (Fuc-Sc) is its main bio-active polysaccharide, the immune-activation effects of which have been fully investigated on RAW264.7 cells in the present study. The results indicated that Fuc-Sc could stimulate the RAW264.7 cells by promoting the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis revealed that TLR4 and TLR2 were involved in the recognition of Fuc-Sc and activation of downstream NF-κB signal pathway. Moreover, the chemical structure parameter molecular weight showed obvious impact on the stimulation effects of Fuc-Sc on NO production. Degraded product of Fuc-Sc with weight average molecular weight of 113.1 × 104 Da exhibited higher activities than that of intact Fuc-Sc, suggesting the existent of optimum chain length to exert its highest activities. Taken together, Fuc-Sc exerted its immunostimulating activity via TLR2/4 activation of NF-κB pathway and showed potentials to be a good immunoadjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Huanan Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaojiao Mou
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China; Innovative Drug Research and Development Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China.
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Shang ZZ, Xu TT, Wang CQ, Li QM, Zha XQ, Pan LH, Luo JP. Bioactivity-guided investigation for isolation and immunoregulatory potential of polysaccharides from Dendrobium chrysotoxum stems. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Exopolysaccharides isolated from Rhizopus nigricans induced colon cancer cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo via activating the AMPK pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221749. [PMID: 31894839 PMCID: PMC6960068 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related human deaths. The exopolysaccharide (EPS1-1), isolated from Rhizopus nigricans, has been described as exhibiting anti-tumor and pro-apoptotic activity against CRC, although the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Herein, we investigate how EPS1-1 induces apoptosis of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that, in vitro, EPS1-1 suppressed cell growth and facilitated apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in mouse colon cancer CT26 cells. However, treatment with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting AMPKα or with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, interfered with the pro-apoptosis effects of EPS1-1. We also show that EPS1-1 initiated the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and liver kinase B1 (LKB1), both of which are necessary signals for AMPK activation. Furthermore, EPS1-1-mediated apoptosis is regulated by inactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and activation of the jun-NH2 kinase (JNK)-p53 signaling axis dependent on AMPK activation. In vivo, azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-treated CRC mice, when administered EPS1-1, exhibited activation of the AMPK pathway, inhibition of mTORC1, and accumulation of p53 in tumor tissues. Collectively, these findings suggest that EPS1-1-induced apoptosis relies on the activation of the AMPK pathway. The present study provides evidence suggesting that EPS1-1 may be an effective target for development of novel CRC therapeutic agents.
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Shi J, Zhang Q, Zhao XH, Wang L. The impact of caseinate oligochitosan-glycation by transglutaminase on amino acid compositions and immune-promoting activity in BALB/c mice of the tryptic caseinate hydrolysate. Food Chem 2021; 350:129302. [PMID: 33618089 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Caseinate was glycated with oligochitosan via transglutaminase (TGase) action and then hydrolyzed by trypsin to generate glycated caseinate hydrolysate (GCNH) that was investigated for in vivo immune-promoting activity. Caseinate hydrolysate (CNH) containing glucosamine of 5.7 g/kg had amino acid compositions similar to GCNH. In normal BALB/c mice, GCNH at 100-400 mg/(kg d) showed higher immune-promoting activity than CNH via increasing serum IgM, IgA, and IgG by 1.5-24.5%, enhancing spleen and thymus indices by 9.7-26.2%, or increasing splenocyte lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell activity by 1.2-11.5%. GCNH also exerted higher activity than CNH in the suppressed BALB/c mice through increasing serum IgM, IgA, and IgG by 2.6-10.5%, enhancing spleen and thymus indices by 0.4-50.1%, or increasing splenocyte lymphocyte proliferation and NK cell activity by 3.4-18.9%. The results highlight that this TGase-type oligochitosan-glycation is potential to generate functional protein ingredients that possess improved immune-promoting activity once hydrolyzed by trypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, PR China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, PR China.
| | - Li Wang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, PR China.
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Sulfated Mesona chinensis Benth polysaccharide enhance the immunomodulatory activities of cyclophosphamide-treated mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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13
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Geum NG, Eo HJ, Kim HJ, Park GH, Son HJ, Jeong JB. Immune-enhancing activity of Hydrangea macrophylla subsp. serrata leaves through TLR4/ROS-dependent activation of JNK and NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells and immunosuppressed mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Jiang S, Yin H, Qi X, Song W, Shi W, Mou J, Yang J. Immunomodulatory effects of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from Stichopus chloronotus on RAW 264.7 cells. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:117088. [PMID: 33142629 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sea cucumbers were nutritional food and traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus (fCS-Sc), a potential anticoagulant agent and immunological adjuvant, was investigated for its immune activation effects on RAW 264.7 macrophage for the first time. The results indicated that fCS-Sc could significantly promote the proliferation, the pinocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells, and the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The fluorescence labeling assay indicated that fCS-Sc could bind to the macrophage. Moreover, the specific pattern recognition receptor inhibition assays showed that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 were involved in the recognition of fCS-Sc. Western blot assays indicated that fCS-Sc could induce degradation of cytoplasm IκB-α, and promotion of NF-κB p65 subunit translocation to nucleus, leading to a functional improvement of macrophage through NF-κB pathway. The results suggested that fCS-Sc might served as a promising candidate of immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China; Innovative Drug Research and Development Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Huanan Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China; Innovative Drug Research and Development Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohui Qi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China; Innovative Drug Research and Development Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Mou
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China; Weifang Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China; Innovative Drug Research and Development Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; Weifang Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
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Signaling pathways associated with macrophage-activating polysaccharide isolated from the fermentation liquor of Rhizopus nigricans. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Shi C, Han W, Zhang M, Zang R, Du K, Li L, Xu X, Li C, Wang S, Qiu P, Guan H, Yang J, Xiao S, Wang X. Sulfated polymannuroguluronate TGC161 ameliorates leukopenia by inhibiting CD4 + T cell apoptosis. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116728. [PMID: 32829850 PMCID: PMC7336955 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Structure of TGC161 was characterized by NMR, FT-IR, and HPGPC. TGC161 ameliorates the leukopenia induced by chemotherapy. TGC161 promotes CD4+ T cell differentiation and maturation in the thymus. TGC161 inhibits CD4+ T cell apoptosis in vitro.
Polysaccharides have aroused considerable interest due to their diverse biological activities and low toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of marine polysaccharide sulfated polymannuroguluronate (TGC161) on the leukopenia induced by chemotherapy. It is found that TGC161 ameliorates the leukopenia. Besides, TGC161 would promote CD4+ T cell differentiation and maturation in the thymus, but does not have a significant effect on precursor cells in bone marrow. Furthermore, TGC161 inhibits CD4+ T cell apoptosis in vitro. Collectively, our findings offer a natural and harmless polysaccharide to ameliorate leukopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wenwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Meifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ruochen Zang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kaixin Du
- Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Peiju Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huashi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Chaisuwan W, Jantanasakulwong K, Wangtueai S, Phimolsiripol Y, Chaiyaso T, Techapun C, Phongthai S, You S, Regenstein JM, Seesuriyachan P. Microbial exopolysaccharides for immune enhancement: Fermentation, modifications and bioactivities. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Zheng T, Gu D, Wang X, Shen X, Yan L, Zhang W, Pu Y, Ge C, Fan J. Purification, characterization and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from Leccinum crocipodium (Letellier.) Watliag. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:647-656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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A Comparison of Characterization and Its Actions on Immunocompetent Cells of Polysaccharides from Sijunzi Decoction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2019:9860381. [PMID: 31915457 PMCID: PMC6935442 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9860381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) is a classic recipe in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with strong immune-enhancement activity. To further understand the characterization and immunomodulatory effect of polysaccharides from SJZD, the monosaccharide compositions of crude polysaccharide (SJZDP), polysaccharide fraction (S-3), and homogeneous polysaccharide (S-3-AG) from SJZD were compared by GC analysis, as well as their immunomodulatory effects on Peyer's patch cells, splenocytes, and macrophages which are related to intestinal immunity, specific immunity, and nonspecific immunity. The results showed that S-3-AG mainly contained Ara with a proportion of 38.9%, while Glc accounted for the largest proportion in S-3 (55.6%) and SJZDP (87.6%). The SJZDP, S-3, and S-3-AG all showed strong capability to stimulate Peyer's patch cells to proliferate and produce IgA and promoted the proliferation and IFN-γ production of splenocytes and increased the NO production and TNF-α production of macrophages. However, S-3 and S-3-AG were able to stimulate splenocytes to secret IL-4, SJZDP had no effect on IL-4 production of splenocytes in the tested concentrations. In addition, S-3 could stimulate the phagocytic activity of macrophages, and S-3-AG restrained the proliferation of macrophages at the concentration of 50–200 µg/mL. These results suggested that SJZDP, S-3, and S-3-AG might have different immunomodulatory effects on intestinal immunity, specific immunity, and nonspecific immunity due to their different monosaccharide compositions. It will provide references for the material basis and mechanism of SJZD immunomodulation activity.
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20
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Qin G, Shao T, Li P, Zhou Y, Li Y, Hong X, Li Z, Wang G. [Preparation and antitumor activity of sulfated exopolysaccharide from Rhizopus nigricans]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:1227-1231. [PMID: 31801722 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.10.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of the composition ratio on substitution of sulfate group in sulfated exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Rhizopus nigricans and how sulfate modification affects the anti-tumor activity of EPS. METHODS We used a chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method to modify EPS and analyzed the effect of esterification ratio on the degree of sulfate substitution using barium chloride turbidimetry. The sulfate groups binding with EPS were analyzed with infrared spectrum analysis. CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of EPS sulfate (SEPS) on the proliferation of human colon cancer HCT 116 cells, and annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was used to assess the pro-apoptotic effect of SEPS in the cells. RESULTS The esterifying agent and EPS at the composition ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 resulted in sulfate substitution of 0.98% (SEPS-1) and 1.18% (SEPS-2), respectively, and the substitution was improved by increasing the ratio of the esterifying agent (P < 0.05). Infrared spectrum analysis showed that the S=O stretching vibration absorption peak of -OSO3- appeared near 1249 cm-1, indicating that the sulfate group combined with EPS to form sulfate. CCK-8 assay showed that SEPS-1 produced stronger inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HCT 116 cells than EPS within the concentration range of 0.02-0.10 mg/L (P < 0.05). At the concentrations of 0.04-0.08 mg/L, SEPS-2 showed a lower anti-tumor activity than SEPS-1 (P < 0.05). SEPS-1 also showed stronger pro-apoptotic effect than EPS, and as its concentration increased, SEPS-1 dose-dependently increased the ratio of early apoptotic cells and necrotic cells; the cells treated with 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 mg/mL SEPS-1 showed early apoptotic rates of 6.38%, 11.8% and 12.5%, and late apoptotic and necrotic rates of 5.26%, 8.04% and 6.80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The composition ratio of the esterifying agent has a direct impact on the degree of substitution of EPS, which can be improved by increasing the ratio of the esterifying agent. Sulfate modification of EPS can enhance its antitumor activity, which, however, is not directly related with the degree of substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Taili Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yuyan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xuchen Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zhang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wuhu 241002, China
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21
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Polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi ameliorates colitis via suppressing NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:393-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Wu Y, Zhu CP, Zhang Y, Li Y, Sun JR. Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of pomegranate peel polysaccharides on immunosuppressed mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:504-511. [PMID: 31229542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to analyze the immunomodulatory effect of pomegranate peel polysaccharides (PPP) on the immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). All the mice were divided into 6 groups randomly and the immunoprophylaxis mice were administrated with PPP [100, 200, 400 mg/(kg·d)] by gavage for consecutive 28 days. The results showed that PPP can slow down the decline of body weight and increase the immune organ index of the immunosuppressed mice. Compared to the model mice, the enzymatic activity of LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and ACP (acid phosphatase) of the mice spleen administrated with PPP by gavage was enhanced significantly. PPP stimulated proliferation and secretion of splenic lymphocytes and markedly increased the immunoglobulin (Ig-A, Ig-G and Ig-M) expression and the release of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2 and INF-γ) in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Hepatic antioxidant enzymatic activities of T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity), T-SOD (total superoxide dismutase), GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase) and CAT (catalase) were markedly increased when the mice were administrated with high dosage of PPP. So it can be concluded that PPP could be used as an efficacious adjacent immunopotentiating therapy or an alternative means in lessening chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression, and also can be utilized as immunostimulants for food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Cai-Ping Zhu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yun Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jing-Ru Sun
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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23
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Song G, Zhou N, Lu Y, Yu Z, Chen K, Zhang P. The anti-gastritis activity of an exopolysaccharide from Rhizopus nigricans. FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Nie L, Xiao Q, Liu S, Li B, Duan J, Fan Y, Guo L, He C, Zhu H. Immune-enhancing effects of polysaccharides MLN-1 from by-product of Mai-luo-ning in vivo and in vitro. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1582612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Nie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Xiao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Fan
- Wujiang Agricultural Commission, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwei Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenghua He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaxu Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Monmai C, You S, Park WJ. Immune-enhancing effects of anionic macromolecules extracted from Codium fragile on cyclophosphamide-treated mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211570. [PMID: 30779763 PMCID: PMC6380620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-regulation and homeostasis are critical in cancer therapy and immunomodulatory biomaterials have been used to decrease side effects of immunosuppressant drugs. Anionic macromolecules (CFAMs) were isolated from the seaweed Codium fragile, and its immune-enhancing biological activities were examined in CY-induced immunosuppressed mice. CFAMs improved the splenic lymphocyte proliferation, NK cell activity, and spleen index. The expression of immune-associated genes was highly upregulated in splenic lymphocytes, and gene expression was differently regulated according to mitogens such as T-cell (Con A) and B-cell (LPS) mitogens. Additionally, CFAMs boosted the proliferation, NO production, and phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages. CFAMs also considerably stimulated immune-associated gene expression in peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, our results showed CFAMs mediated its immune-enhancing effects via the MAPK pathway. These suggested CFAMs can be used as a potent immunomodulatory material under immune-suppressive condition. Furthermore, CFAMs may also be used as a bio-functional and pharmaceutical material for improving human health and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiwat Monmai
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
| | - Woo Jung Park
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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The inhibitory effect of polysaccharide from Rhizopus nigricans on colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108593. [PMID: 30784912 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An extracellular polysaccharide (EPS1-1) of Rhizopus nigricans was found to enhance immunity and reduce colon cancer cell proliferation. Here, the effect of EPS1-1 on a mouse model of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) induced by azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was investigated. Pathological symptoms, including weight loss, piloerection, hematochezia and insensitivity caused by AOM/DSS, were relieved by EPS1-1. Anatomical results showed a 100% tumor incidence, a series of neoplasms, disordered cell structure and hyperplastic glands in the model group, while the abnormal behaviors were relieved and the tumors decreased in the EPS1-1 group. Compared with the model group, the EPS1-1 group showed decreased oncogenic protein (COX-2, β-catenin, CyclinD1 and C-Myc) expression. TUNEL staining showed that EPS1-1 increased the apoptosis of colon cancer cells in mice. Furthermore, the expression of proliferative proteins (Ki-67 and PCNA) and an antiapoptotic gene transcript (Bcl-2) were significantly down regulated by EPS1-1, while apoptotic gene transcripts (p53 and Bax) were enhanced. In addition, EPS1-1 notably decreased the number of cells positive for CD68, F4/80 and NF-κB and reduced the concentrations of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) in serum compared with those in the model group. Taken together, these results suggest that EPS1-1 may be a therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of CAC.
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Peng L, Liu S, Ji Z, Chen S, Mao J. Structure characterisation of polysaccharide isolated from huangjiu and its anti‐inflammatory activity through
MAPK
signalling. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
| | - Zhongwei Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
| | - Shuguang Chen
- Department of General Surgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS& PUMC) Beijing 100730 China
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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Chen X, Sheng Z, Qiu S, Yang H, Jia J, Wang J, Jiang C. Purification, characterization and in vitro and in vivo immune enhancement of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208611. [PMID: 30601811 PMCID: PMC6314569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) was extracted and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography to afford two major purified polysaccharides (MLP-1 and MLP-2). The purified polysaccharides were characterized, and their immune-enhancing properties were investigated. MLP-1 had a molecular weight of 9.31×104 Da and was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 0.71:1.00:2.76:1.13:3.70:2.81. The molecular weight of MLP-2 was 2.22×106 Da, and its monosaccharide constituents were mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 1.31:8.45:6.94:1.00:11.96. Infrared spectroscopy showed that each MLP had a typical absorption peak characteristic of sugars, and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy showed that neither MLP contained nucleic acid or protein components. Then, the abilities of these polysaccharides to stimulate spleen lymphocyte proliferation in mice in vitro were compared by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. MLP-2 was more effective than MLP-1; therefore, MLP-2 was chosen for the study of its immune-enhancing effects in vivo. For the in vivo experiments, 14-day-old chickens immunized with Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine were orally administered MLP-2, and Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) was used as the control. Each chicken was orally administered 4 mg or 8 mg of MLP-2 for seven consecutive days starting three days before ND vaccine immunization. MLP-2 significantly improved the ND serum antibody titer and interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentrations in tracheal and jejunal wash fluids, and increasing numbers of immune globulin A-positive (IgA+) cells in cecal tonsils and increased body weight. These results indicated that MLP-2 could significantly enhance immune activity and could therefore be utilized as an immunopotentiator drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Chen
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhicun Sheng
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shulei Qiu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiping Jia
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chunmao Jiang
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhang XJ, Liu SF, Lu Y, Wang JY, Chen KS. Immunomodulatory activity of a fructooligosaccharide isolated from burdock roots. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11092-11100. [PMID: 35520210 PMCID: PMC9063030 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10091h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory activity of burdock fructooligosaccharide (BFO-1) on immune cells in in vitro normal mice, immunosuppressed mice treated with cyclophosphamide and S180 tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Lu
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Jian-yue Wang
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Kao-shan Chen
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Qingdao
- China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs
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30
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Tang C, Sun J, Liu J, Jin C, Wu X, Zhang X, Chen H, Gou Y, Kan J, Qian C, Zhang N. Immune-enhancing effects of polysaccharides from purple sweet potato. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 123:923-930. [PMID: 30465834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Immune-enhancing effects of three kinds of purple sweet potato polysaccharides (PSPPs) including water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP), dilute alkali-soluble polysaccharide (DASP) and concentrated alkali-soluble polysaccharide (CASP) were evaluated. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that all PSPPs could stimulate the formation of microvilli-like structures in cellular surfaces, which was possibly related to activation of macrophages. Neutral red uptake assay showed that PSPPs could increase the phagocytic activity of cells. High dose (400 μg/mL) of PSPPs could notably augment the level of nitric oxide (NO). ELISA analysis revealed that 200 and 400 μg/mL of PSPPs distinctly elevated the production of IL-1β. Cells received 200 and 400 μg/mL of WSP as well as 400 μg/mL of DASP exhibited higher level of IL-6. Results of animal experiments showed that WSP treatment (400 mg/kg) could promote the secretions of IgA, IgG, IgM and sIgA in both normal and immunosuppressed mice. Moreover, CASP treatment (400 mg/kg) elevated the production of IgM in the serum of normal and immunosuppressive mice, while DASP (400 mg/kg) only improved the secretion of IgM in normal mice. In summary, all three polysaccharides can stimulate immune responses of macrophages and positively regulate adaptive immunity by enhancing the production of immunoglobulins in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China; Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area, Xuzhou 221131, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Changhai Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaonan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yarun Gou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Kan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunlu Qian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nianfeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
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31
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Enzyme-assisted extraction, chemical characteristics, and immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer). Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:1089-1097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Yu Z, Song G, Liu J, Wang J, Zhang P, Chen K. Beneficial effects of extracellular polysaccharide from Rhizopus nigricans on the intestinal immunity of colorectal cancer mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:718-726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Polysaccharide from Rhizopus nigricans inhibits the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:738-745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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34
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Hu H, Zhao Q, Pang Z, Xie J, Lin L, Yao Q. Optimization extraction, characterization and anticancer activities of polysaccharides from mango pomace. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1314-1325. [PMID: 29859842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from mango pomace. The Optimum extraction conditions consisted of extraction temperature of 74 °C, ultrasonic power of 170 W, extraction time of 100 min, and raw material-to-water ratio of 1:40 g/mL. Under these conditions, the extraction yield was 3.71 ± 0.07%. Three novel polysaccharide fractions, MG-1, MG-2 and MG-3 were purified from the crude polysaccharides by using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide fractions (MPFs) were analyzed by high performance liquid gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and HPLC analysis, respectively. The characterizations of MPFs were conducted with FT-IR, 1H NMR and SEM. Furthermore, the anticancer activities of the polysaccharide fractions were also investigated in vitro. Results showed that MG-1, MG-2 and MG-3 exhibited significant anticancer activities against HepG2, MCF-7, A549, HeLa, A2780, HCT-116 and BGC-823 cells in a dose-dependent manner. MPFs were also showed to promote apoptosis as seen in the nuclear morphological examination study using calcein acetyl methoxy methyl easter (calcein-AM) and propidium iodide (PI) staining. This research could serve as a theoretical reference for the efficient utilization of MPFs in biomedical and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huigang Hu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Qiaoli Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China.
| | - Zhencai Pang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Jianghui Xie
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Lijing Lin
- Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Quansheng Yao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
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35
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Protein Hydrolyzates from Changbai Mountain Walnut ( Juglans mandshurica Maxim.) Boost Mouse Immune System and Exhibit Immunoregulatory Activities. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:4576561. [PMID: 29997676 PMCID: PMC5994573 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4576561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Changbai Mountain walnut (Juglans mandshurica Maxim.) is a rich source of essential amino acids. Walnut dregs are byproducts of edible oil production and primarily used as fodder and fertilizers. We systematically examined the effect of three types of walnut protein hydrolyzates—albumin, glutelin, and globin—on the immune system of mice and aimed to provide the theoretical basis for developing and utilizing J. mandshurica Maxim. protein resources. In comparison with the normal control mice, those treated with different doses of walnut proteins showed improved immune indices, including organ index, spleen lymphocyte proliferation, macrophage activity, number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and secretory IgA content, and mRNA and protein expression levels of cytokine factors. Our results indicated that these walnut proteins may have positive effects on the immune system and perform their immunomodulatory functions by inducing splenic enlargement. These findings support the use of walnut proteins as nutritional sources to boost the immune system.
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36
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Immunoenhancement Effects of Glycosaminoglycan from Apostichopus japonicus: In Vitro and In Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice Studies. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15110347. [PMID: 29112115 PMCID: PMC5706037 DOI: 10.3390/md15110347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the immunomodulatory activities of Apostichopus japonicus glycosaminoglycan (AHG) on the nature killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated mice were investigated. After stimulation with multiple concentrations of AHG (0–100 μg/mL), NK cells and CTLs displayed outperformance against YAC-1 and B16 cells, respectively. Furthermore, the mitogen-induced splenic lymphocyte proliferation in CY-induced immunosuppressed mice was significantly promoted by AHG. In addition, the administration of AHG dramatically increased the splenocytes Ca2+ concentration and the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, AHG could strongly increase the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and could decrease the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the heart, kidney and liver. These findings indicated that AHG played an important role in the immune enhancement and protection against CY-induced immunosuppression and oxidative damage. Our findings provide experimental evidence for further research and possible immunostimulatory applications of AHG in clinical practice.
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The immune-enhancing activity of Cervus nippon mantchuricus extract (NGE) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and immunosuppressed mice. Food Res Int 2017; 99:623-629. [PMID: 28784525 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics are often used to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. However, they can also harm healthy cells and cause side effects such as immunosuppression. Especially traditional oriental medicines long used in Asia, may be beneficial candidates for the alleviation of immune diseases. Cervus nippon mantchuricus extract (NGE) is currently sold in the market as coffee and health drinks. However, NGE was not widely investigated and efficacy remain unclear and essentially nothing is known about their potential immune-regulatory properties. As a result, NGE induced the differentiation of RAW264.7 macrophage cells. NGE-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells elevated cytokines levels and NO production. NGE-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells activated MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. NGE encouraged the immuno-enhancing effects in immunosuppressed short-term treated with NGE mice model. NGE or Red ginseng encouraged the immuno-enhancing effects in immunosuppressed long-term treated with NGE mice model. Our data clearly show that NGE contains immune-enhancing activity and can be used to treat immunodeficiency.
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38
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Pu DB, Zheng X, Gao JB, Zhang XJ, Qi Y, Li XS, Wang YM, Li XN, Li XL, Wan CP, Xiao WL. Highly oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoids and their bioactivity from the fruiting body of Ganoderma gibbosum. Fitoterapia 2017; 119:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Ma G, Kimatu BM, Zhao L, Yang W, Pei F, Hu Q. In vivo fermentation of a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide and its effects on fecal microbiota composition and immune response. Food Funct 2017; 8:1810-1821. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxing Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- People's Republic of China
| | - Benard Muinde Kimatu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- People's Republic of China
- Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Nanjing University of Finance and Economics
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pei
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Nanjing University of Finance and Economics
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- People's Republic of China
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