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Adekunle A, Ukaigwe S, Bezerra Dos Santos A, Iorhemen OT. Potential for curdlan recovery from aerobic granular sludge wastewater treatment systems - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142504. [PMID: 38825243 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The aerobic granular sludge (AGS) biotechnology has been explored for wastewater treatment for over two decades. AGS is gaining increased interest due to its enhanced treatment performance ability and the potential for resource recovery from AGS-based wastewater treatment systems. Resource recovery from AGS is a promising approach to sustainable wastewater treatment and attaining a circular economy in the wastewater management industry. Currently, research is at an advanced stage on recovering value-added resources such as phosphorus, polyhydroxyalkanoates, alginate-like exopolysaccharides, and tryptophan from waste aerobic granules. Recently, other value-added resources, including curdlan, have been identified in the aerobic granule matrix, and this may increase the sustainability of biotechnology in the wastewater industry. This paper provides an overview of AGS resource recovery potential. In particular, the potential for enhanced curdlan biosynthesis in the granule matrix and its recovery from AGS wastewater treatment systems is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedoyin Adekunle
- School of Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Sandra Ukaigwe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - André Bezerra Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Oliver Terna Iorhemen
- School of Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada.
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2
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Liu Z, Xu Y, Wang Z, Zhu L, Li Z, Jiang Y, Zhan X, Gao M. Promoting substrates uptake and curdlan synthesis of Agrobacterium sp. by attenuating the exopolysaccharide encapsulation. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:120941. [PMID: 37230642 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
During curdlan production by Agrobacterium sp., the secreted exopolysaccharide (EPS) gradually encapsulated Agrobacterium sp., accompanied by cell aggregation, resulted in inhibited substrate uptake and curdlan synthesis. To relieve the EPS encapsulation effect, the shake-flask culture medium was quantitatively supplemented with 2 % to 10 % endo-β-1,3-glucanase (BGN), while obtaining curdlan with a decreased weight-average molecular weight ranging from 18.99 × 104 Da to 3.20 × 104 Da. In a 7-L bioreactor, the 4 % BGN supplement substantially attenuated the EPS encapsulation, resulting in increased glucose consumption and curdlan yield to 66.41 g/L and 34.53 g/L after fermentation of 108 h, which improved 43 % and 67 %, respectively compared with the control. The disruption of EPS encapsulation with BGN treatment accelerated the regeneration of ATP and UTP, resulting in sufficient uridine diphosphate glucose for curdlan synthesis. The upregulation of related genes at the transcription level reveals that the respiratory metabolic intensity, the energy regeneration efficiency, and the curdlan synthetase activity were enhanced. This study presents a simple and novel strategy of relieving the effects of EPS encapsulation on the metabolism of Agrobacterium sp. for the high-yield and value-added production of curdlan, which could be potentially applied in producing other EPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zichao Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- L & F Biotech. Ltd., 7144 Collister Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A3P6, Canada
| | - Zhitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Minjie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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3
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Peng W, Guo X, Xu X, Zou D, Zou H, Yang X. Advances in Polysaccharide Production Based on the Co-Culture of Microbes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2847. [PMID: 37447493 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial polysaccharides are natural carbohydrates that can confer adhesion capacity to cells and protect them from harsh environments. Due to their various physiological activities, these macromolecules are widely used in food, medicine, environmental, cosmetic, and textile applications. Microbial co-culture is an important strategy that is used to increase the production of microbial polysaccharides or produce new polysaccharides (structural alterations). This is achieved by exploiting the symbiotic/antagonistic/chemo-sensitive interactions between microbes and stimulating the expression of relevant silent genes. In this article, we review the performance of polysaccharides produced using microbial co-culture in terms of yield, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties, in addition to the advantages and application prospects of co-culture. Moreover, the potential for microbial polysaccharides to be used in various applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xueying Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Dan Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Hang Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xingyong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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Wu CC, Qu JJ, Zhang HT, Gao MJ, Zhu L, Zhan XB. New two-stage pH combined with dissolved oxygen control strategy for cyclic β-1,2 glucans synthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2235-2247. [PMID: 36894714 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of a novel two-stage pH combined with dissolved oxygen (DO) control strategy in fed-batch fermentation, this research addresses the influence of pH on cyclic β-1,2-glucans (CβGs) biosynthesis and melanin accumulation during the production of CβGs by Rhizobium radiobacter ATCC 13,333. Under these optimal fermentation conditions, the maximum cell concentration and CβGs concentration in a 7-L stirred-tank fermenter were 7.94 g L-1 and 3.12 g L-1, which were the maximum production reported for R. radiobacter. The melanin concentration of the fermentation broth was maintained at a low level, which was beneficial to the subsequent separation and purification of the CβGs. In addition, a neutral extracellular oligosaccharide (COGs-1) purified by the two-stage pH combined with DO control strategy fermentation medium was structurally characterized. Structural analyses indicated that COGs-1 was a family of unbranched cyclic oligosaccharides composed of only β-1,2-linked D-glucopyranose residues with degree of polymerization between 17 and 23, namely CβGs. This research provides a reliable source of CβGs and structural basis for further studies of biological activity and function. KEY POINTS: • A two-stage pH combined with DO control strategy was proposed for CβGs production and melanin biosynthesis by Rhizobium radiobacter. • The final extracellular CβGs production reached 3.12 g L-1, which was the highest achieved by Rhizobium radiobacter. • The existence of CβGs could be detected by TLC quickly and accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan-Juan Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min-Jie Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- L & F Biotech. Ltd., Burnaby, BC, V5A3P6, Canada
| | - Xiao-Bei Zhan
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Sustainable curdlan biosynthesis by Rahnella variigena ICRI91 via alkaline hydrolysis of Musa sapientum peels and its edible, active and modified hydrogel for Quercetin controlled release. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:416-429. [PMID: 36375664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high demand for curdlan (Curd), its industrial implementation has not reached a mature stage due to the high cost of simple sugar feed stocks. Herein, Musa sapientum peels hydrolysate (MPH) was proposed for the first time as a sustainable medium for Curd generation and as an ameliorated functional biomaterial for quercetin (Quer) sustained release. In this study, banana peels have been hydrolysed by 3 % NaOH catalyst/ 60 °C, yielding high concentration of glucose 20.5 ± 0.04 and 24.3 ± 0.11 g/L and reducing sugar amount, respectively. Meanwhile, a novel local Rahnella variigena ICRI91 strain was isolated from soil, that was useful for Curd production and identified by 16S rRNA analysis. Furthermore, three-batch fermentation models were carried out using MPH for obtaining a sufficient yield of Curd. R. variigena ICRI91 accumulated a satisfactory Curd concentration; 10.3 ± 0.25 g/L; using 60 g/L MPH. On the other hand, the strain produced an impressive Curd yield; 21.5 ± 0.13 g/L with an attained productivity of 0.179 ± 0.01 g/L/h and a sugar consumption of 68 ± 0.25 % as the MPH content increased to 100 g/L. For the first time, Curd hydrogel was modified by different amount of Xylitol (Xyl), reaching good mechanical performance; 3.1 MPa and 75 % for tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB), respectively. Curd/Xyl (3/5) hydrogel was then integrated with nanometer-sized quercetin nanocrystals (Quer NCs, 83 ± 0.12 nm) with high colloidal stability of -23 ± 0.05 mV. The interconnected H- bonding between Xyl and Curd was confirmed by FTIR and SEM. The generated biomaterial was tailored to exhibit a sustained Quer release over 72 h. It also has improved antibacterial efficacy against four bacterial pathogens compared to that of a free drug. In recognition of these merits, an edible polymeric nanomaterial has been proposed for the functional food and biomedicine sectors.
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Gao M, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Wang Z, Hu X, Jiang Y, Yan J, Li Z, Zheng Z, Zhan X. Exopolysaccharide synthesis repressor genes (exoR and exoX) related to curdlan biosynthesis by Agrobacterium sp. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:193-202. [PMID: 35181324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Curdlan is a neutral, water-insoluble, unbranched, linear β-(1,3)-glucan. This study explored the roles of exoR and exoX in curdlan biosynthesis in Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749. The microcapsule biosynthesis of ΔexoR strain was reduced, and the motility of this strain increased remarkably compared with the wild-type (WT) strain during the cell growth phase. The curdlan yields of ΔexoR and ΔexoX strains enhanced by 19% and 17%, and the glucose utilization increased by 12% and 11%, respectively, compared with the WT strain during batch fermentation. By contrast, the curdlan yields of exoR and exoX overexpression strains decreased by 28% and 33%, respectively. The gel strength produced by ΔexoR and exoX overexpression strains decreased compared with the WT strain. RT-qPCR analysis at the transcriptional level revealed that key genes in exopolysaccharide synthesis and central metabolic pathways were up-regulated in ΔexoX and ΔexoR strains during gel production. Metabolomics analysis of ΔexoR and ΔexoX mutants proved the rates of central metabolic and electron transport chain were accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhilei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zichao Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Xiuyu Hu
- China Biotech Fermentation Industry Association, Beijing 100833, PR China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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7
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A review presenting production, characterization, and applications of biopolymer curdlan in food and pharmaceutical sectors. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCurdlan is an exopolysaccharide, specifically a homopolysaccharide, with a high molecular weight that is made up entirely of monomeric glucose molecules connected by β-1,3-glycosidic bonds. Curdlan was first isolated in 1962 by Harada and his colleagues from Alcaligenes faecalis var myxogenes 10C3. Microbial synthesis of this curdlan is mainly associated with soil bacteria. Preliminary screening of curdlan-producing microorganisms is done on aniline blue media. The aniline blue positive microorganisms are subjected to submerged fermentation for the production of curdlan. To improve the yield of curdlan produced, various optimization techniques are employed such as Plackett–Burman, response surface methodology, and others. Curdlan can be characterized by its morphology, gel strength, its infrared, and magnetic resonances among many other characteristics. Due to its distinctive physicochemical and rheological properties, it has gained immense popularity in the food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical sectors. However, curdlan’s functionality can be improved by chemically modifying curdlan to obtain grafted curdlan, hydrogels, and nanocomposites which are discussed in detail herewith. Curdlan was authorized to be used in the food industry by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 1996 and also in 1989 in Taiwan, Japan, and Korea. Over the years, many patents using curdlan have also been filed from different parts of the world. This review provides information about its structure, biosynthesis, production strategies, optimization, characterization, applications, and patents.
Graphic abstract
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Yang H, Li W, Chen S, Guo X, Huang F, Zhu P. Optimization and Modeling of Curdlan Production under Multi-physiological-parameters Process Control by Agrobacterium radiobacter Mutant A-15 at High Initial Glucose. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Gao H, Zhang W, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zhang J, Tian J, Niu Y, Zou C, Jia C, Chang Z, Yang X, Jiang D. Methionine biosynthesis pathway genes affect curdlan biosynthesis of Agrobacterium sp. CGMCC 11546 via energy regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:821-831. [PMID: 34216670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Curdlan is a water-insoluble exopolysaccharide produced by Agrobacterium species under nitrogen starvation. The curdlan production in the ΔmdeA, ΔmetA, ΔmetH, and ΔmetZ mutants of methionine biosynthesis pathway of Agrobacterium sp. CGMCC 11546 were significantly impaired. Fermentation profiles of four mutants showed that the consumption of ammonia and sucrose was impaired. Transcriptome analysis of the ΔmetH and ΔmetZ mutants showed that numerous differentially expressed genes involved in the electron transfer chain (ETC) were significantly down-regulated, suggesting that methionine biosynthesis pathway affected the production of energy ATP during the curdlan biosynthesis. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis of the ΔmetH and ΔmetZ mutants showed that ADP and FAD were significantly accumulated, while acetyl-CoA was diminished, suggesting that the impaired curdlan production in the ΔmetH and ΔmetZ mutants might be caused by the insufficient supply of energy ATP. Finally, the addition of both dibasic sodium succinate as a substrate of FAD recycling and methionine significantly restored the curdlan production of four mutants. In conclusion, methionine biosynthesis pathway plays an important role in curdlan biosynthesis in Agrobacterium sp. CGMCC 11546, which affected the sufficient supply of energy ATP from the ETC during the curdlan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yimin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Jiangtao Tian
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yanning Niu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Chunjing Zou
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Caifeng Jia
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Zhongyi Chang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xuexia Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
| | - Deming Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
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Ji L, Wang J, Luo Q, Ding Q, Tang W, Chen X, Liu L. Enhancing L-malate production of Aspergillus oryzae by nitrogen regulation strategy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3101-3113. [PMID: 33818672 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Regulating morphology engineering and fermentation of Aspergillus oryzae makes it possible to increase the titer of L-malate. However, the existing L-malate-producing strain has limited L-malate production capacity and the fermentation process is insufficiently mature, which cannot meet the needs of industrial L-malate production. To further increase the L-malate production capacity of A. oryzae, we screened out a mutant strain (FMME-S-38) that produced 79.8 g/L L-malate in 250-mL shake flasks, using a newly developed screening system based on colony morphology on the plate. We further compared the extracellular nitrogen (N1) and intracellular nitrogen (N2) contents of the control and mutant strain (FMME-S-38) to determine the relationship between the curve of nitrogen content (N1 and N2) and the L-malate titer. This correlation was then used to optimize the conditions for developing a novel nitrogen supply strategy (initial tryptone concentration of 6.5 g/L and feeding with 3 g/L tryptone at 24 h). Fermentation in a 7.5-L fermentor under the optimized conditions further increased the titer and productivity of L-malate to 143.3 g/L and 1.19 g/L/h, respectively, corresponding to 164.9 g/L and 1.14 g/L/h in a 30-L fermentor. This nitrogen regulation-based strategy cannot only enhance industrial-scale L-malate production but also has generalizability and the potential to increase the production of similar metabolites.Key Points• Construction of a new screening system based on colony morphology on the plate.• A novel nitrogen regulation strategy used to regulate the production of L-malate.• A nitrogen supply strategy used to maximize the production of L-malate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ju Wang
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Qiuling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wenxiu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Mohd Nadzir M, Nurhayati RW, Idris FN, Nguyen MH. Biomedical Applications of Bacterial Exopolysaccharides: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:530. [PMID: 33578978 PMCID: PMC7916691 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are an essential group of compounds secreted by bacteria. These versatile EPSs are utilized individually or in combination with different materials for a broad range of biomedical field functions. The various applications can be explained by the vast number of derivatives with useful properties that can be controlled. This review offers insight on the current research trend of nine commonly used EPSs, their biosynthesis pathways, their characteristics, and the biomedical applications of these relevant bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masrina Mohd Nadzir
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia;
| | - Retno Wahyu Nurhayati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia;
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Farhana Nazira Idris
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia;
| | - Minh Hong Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam;
- Bioresource Research Center, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
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13
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Zhang W, Gao H, Huang Y, Wu S, Tian J, Niu Y, Zou C, Jia C, Jin M, Huang J, Chang Z, Yang X, Jiang D. Glutamine synthetase gene glnA plays a vital role in curdlan biosynthesis of Agrobacterium sp. CGMCC 11546. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:222-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Singh RP, Rajarammohan S, Thakur R, Hassan M. Linear and branched β-Glucans degrading enzymes from versatile Bacteroides uniformis JCM 13288 T and their roles in cooperation with gut bacteria. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-18. [PMID: 33043794 PMCID: PMC7553746 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1826761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
β-glucans are the dietary nutrients present in oats, barley, algae, and mushrooms. The macromolecules are well known for their immune-modulatory activity; however, how the human gut bacteria digest them is vaguely understood. In this study, Bacteroides uniformis JCM 13288 T was found to grow on laminarin, pustulan, and porphyran. We sequenced the genome of the strain, which was about 5.05 megabase pairs and contained 4868 protein-coding genes. On the basis of growth patterns of the bacterium, two putative polysaccharide utilization loci for β-glucans were identified from the genome, and associated four putative genes were cloned, expressed, purified, and characterized. Three glycoside hydrolases (GHs) that were endo-acting enzymes (BuGH16, BuGH30, and BuGH158), and one which was an exo-acting (BuGH3) enzyme. The BuGH3, BuGH16, and BuGH158 can cleave linear exo/endo- β- 1-3 linkages while BuGH30 can digest endo- β- 1-6 linkages. BuGH30 and BuGH158 were further explored for their roles in digesting β- glucans and generation of oligosaccharides, respectively. The BuGH30 predominately found to cleave long chain β- 1-6 linked glucans, and obtained final product was gentiobiose. The BuGH158 used for producing oligosaccharides varying from degree of polymerization 2 to 7 from soluble curdlan. We demonstrated that these oligosaccharides can be utilized by gut bacteria, which either did not grow or poorly grew on laminarin. Thus, B. uniformis JCM 13288 T is not only capable of utilizing β-glucans but also shares these glycans with human gut bacteria for potentially maintaining the gut microbial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pal Singh
- Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India,CONTACT Ravindra Pal Singh Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Raksha Thakur
- Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Mohsin Hassan
- Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
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15
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Gao H, Xie F, Zhang W, Tian J, Zou C, Jia C, Jin M, Huang J, Chang Z, Yang X, Jiang D. Characterization and improvement of curdlan produced by a high-yield mutant of Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 based on whole-genome analysis. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Wan J, Wang Y, Jiang D, Gao H, Yang G, Yang X. Effects of carbon sources on production and properties of curdlan using Agrobaterium sp. DH-2. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 50:857-864. [PMID: 32538270 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1777423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Curdlan has wide potential application in the food and biomedical fields due to its unique thermal gel and biological activity. This study investigated the effect of six sugars including glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose and xylose as carbon sources on production and properties of curdlan using Agrobacterium sp. DH-2. The maximum production (38.1 g/L and 37.4 g/L, respectively) and yield (0.58 g curdlan/g sucrose and 0.53 g curdlan/g maltose, respectively) of curdlan were achieved by sucrose and maltose, followed by glucose, fructose, lactose and xylose. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the surface of cells was smooth in strain growth phase, while cells were covered by curdlan matrix acted as a net in the curdlan synthesis phase. The highest glucosyltransferase activity (19.9 U/g biomass) corresponded to the maximum curdlan production using the sucrose medium. The molecular weight and gel strength of curdlan were influenced by the carbon sources. The curdlan from xylose medium resulted in a maximum molecular weight of 1.59 × 106 Da and the highest gel strength of 989.2 g/cm2, while the curdlan from sucrose medium resulted in a lowest molecular weight of 1.10 × 106 Da and gel strength of 672.8 g/cm2. The high molecular weight of curdlan had high gel strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deming Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuexia Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Xu X, Nie Z, Zheng Z, Zhu L, Zhan X. Effect of different nitrogen sources on the viscosity and rheological properties of welan gum produced by
Sphingomonas
sp. ATCC 31555. J Texture Stud 2020; 51:642-649. [DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University Wuxi China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Zuoming Nie
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Li Zhu
- Jiangsu Rayguang Biotech Company, Ltd. Wuxi China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University Wuxi China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
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18
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Chemistry and microbial sources of curdlan with potential application and safety regulations as prebiotic in food and health. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109136. [PMID: 32466929 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Curdlan - a homopolysaccharide is comprised of glucose using β-1,3-glycosidic bond and produced by different types of microorganisms as exopolysaccharide. Curdlan gel is stable during freezing and thawing processes which find several applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. It acts as a prebiotic, stabilizer and water-holding, viscosifying and texturing agent. Additionally, curdlan gel is used as a food factor to develop the new products e.g. milk fat substitute, non-fat whipped cream, retorting (freeze-drying) process of Tofu, low-fat sausage, and low-fat hamburger. However, a great variation exists among different countries regarding the regulatory aspects of curdlan as food additives, dietary components or prebiotic substances. Therefore, the present review paper aims to discuss safety issues and the establishment of common guidelines and legislation globally, focusing on the use the applications of curdlan in the food sector including the development of noodles, meat-based products, and fat-free dairy products. This review analyzes and describes in detail the potential of curdlan as a sustainable alternative additive in health and food industries, emphasizing on the chemical composition, production, properties, and potential applications.
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19
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López-Ortega MA, Rodríguez-Hernández AI, Camacho-Ruíz RM, Córdova J, López-Cuellar MDR, Chavarría-Hernández N, González-García Y. Physicochemical characterization and emulsifying properties of a novel exopolysaccharide produced by haloarchaeon Haloferax mucosum. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:152-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Nehal F, Sahnoun M, Smaoui S, Jaouadi B, Bejar S, Mohammed S. Characterization, high production and antimicrobial activity of exopolysaccharides from Lactococcus lactis F-mou. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Sustainable biosynthesis of curdlan from orange waste by using Alcaligenes faecalis: A systematically modeled approach. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 205:626-635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Freitas F, Torres CAV, Reis MAM. Engineering aspects of microbial exopolysaccharide production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1674-1683. [PMID: 28554522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the ability to secrete exopolysaccharides (EPS) is widespread among microorganisms, only a few bacterial (e.g. xanthan, levan, dextran) and fungal (e.g. pullulan) EPS have reached full commercialization. During the last years, other microbial EPS producers have been the subject of extensive research, including endophytes, extremophiles, microalgae and Cyanobacteria, as well as mixed microbial consortia. Those studies have demonstrated the great potential of such microbial systems to generate biopolymers with novel chemical structures and distinctive functional properties. In this work, an overview of the bioprocesses developed for EPS production by the wide diversity of reported microbial producers is presented, including their development and scale-up. Bottlenecks that currently hinder microbial EPS development are identified, along with future prospects for further advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Freitas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristiana A V Torres
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria A M Reis
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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23
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Liang Y, Zhu L, Gao M, Zheng Z, Wu J, Zhan X. Influence of Tween-80 on the production and structure of water-insoluble curdlan from Agrobacterium sp. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 106:611-619. [PMID: 28807687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the mechanism by which Tween-80 enhances the production of curdlan produced by Agrobacterium sp., the effects of Tween-80 on the production and structure of curdlan and Agrobacterium sp. were evaluated. Maximum curdlan production (51.94g/L) was achieved when 16g/L Tween-80 was added at the beginning of the cell growth stage. The addition of Tween-80 at higher concentration inhibited cell growth. However, the addition of 16g/L Tween-80 enhanced the production of curdlan with a looser ultrastructure, significantly weakened the envelopment of curdlan on Agrobacterium sp., altered the fine structure of cell membrane, and increased the cell membrane permeability. Moreover, the efficiency of oxygen and mass transport, respiration intensity, UTP regeneration, ATP regeneration, activity of curdlan synthetase, capacity of stress response and energy supply of Agrobacterium sp. were all greatly improved by the addition of Tween-80. These findings demonstrate the mechanisms by which Tween-80 enhances curdlan production and provide a cheap and feasible approach to weaken the envelopment of water-insoluble polysaccharides on bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- Ministry of Education, Key Lab Carbohydrate Chemical and Biotechnology & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Jiangsu Rayguang Biotech Co. Ltd., Wuxi 214125, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Minjie Gao
- Ministry of Education, Key Lab Carbohydrate Chemical and Biotechnology & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- Ministry of Education, Key Lab Carbohydrate Chemical and Biotechnology & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Ministry of Education, Key Lab Carbohydrate Chemical and Biotechnology & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Ministry of Education, Key Lab Carbohydrate Chemical and Biotechnology & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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