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Zhong C, Nidetzky B. Bottom-Up Synthesized Glucan Materials: Opportunities from Applied Biocatalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400436. [PMID: 38514194 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Linear d-glucans are natural polysaccharides of simple chemical structure. They are comprised of d-glucosyl units linked by a single type of glycosidic bond. Noncovalent interactions within, and between, the d-glucan chains give rise to a broad variety of macromolecular nanostructures that can assemble into crystalline-organized materials of tunable morphology. Structure design and functionalization of d-glucans for diverse material applications largely relies on top-down processing and chemical derivatization of naturally derived starting materials. The top-down approach encounters critical limitations in efficiency, selectivity, and flexibility. Bottom-up approaches of d-glucan synthesis offer different, and often more precise, ways of polymer structure control and provide means of functional diversification widely inaccessible to top-down routes of polysaccharide material processing. Here the natural and engineered enzymes (glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases and phosphorylases, glycosynthases) for d-glucan polymerization are described and the use of applied biocatalysis for the bottom-up assembly of specific d-glucan structures is shown. Advanced material applications of the resulting polymeric products are further shown and their important role in the development of sustainable macromolecular materials in a bio-based circular economy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, Graz, 8010, Austria
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2
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Chen S, Feng J, Jiang F, Briber RM, Wang H. Facile preparation of near-monodisperse oligocellulose and its elastomeric derivatives with tunable mechanical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121493. [PMID: 37985085 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Oligocellulose (OC) with low polydispersity indices has been produced in large quantities using an improved method of acid-assisted hydrolysis, in which long cellulose chains disintegrate in concentrated phosphoric acid at moderately elevated temperatures. The hydrolysis time has been reduced by three orders of magnitude without compromising the overall yield of the process or the quality of OC products. The efficient production of high-quality OCs in large quantities allows for developing OC-derived elastomeric materials. A series of OC-graft-poly(isobornyl methacrylate-random-n-butyl acrylate) [OC-g-P(IBOMA-r-BA)] elastomers have been synthesized via activators regenerated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP). OC-g-P(IBOMA-r-BA) elastomers have tunable molecular architectures and phase morphologies toward desirable mechanical properties and thermal stability suitable for various applications. The methodologies of the OC production and the graft-polymers synthesis in this study would help advance technologies for broader applications of bio-based elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Chen
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jiajun Feng
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Robert M Briber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Howard Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, Guangdong 523803, China.
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3
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Design and Techno–Economic Analysis of Levulinic Acid Production Process from Biomass by Using Co-product Formic Acid as a Catalyst with Minimal Waste Generation. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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4
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Storani A, Guerrero SA, Iglesias AA. Insights to improve the activity of glycosyl phosphorylases from Ruminococcus albus 8 with cello-oligosaccharides. Front Chem 2023; 11:1176537. [PMID: 37090251 PMCID: PMC10119399 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1176537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphorolysis of cello-oligosaccharides is a critical process played in the rumen by Ruminococcus albus to degrade cellulose. Cellodextrins, made up of a few glucosyl units, have gained lots of interest by their potential applications. Here, we characterized a cellobiose phosphorylase (RalCBP) and a cellodextrin phosphorylase (RalCDP) from R. albus 8. This latter was further analyzed in detail by constructing a truncated mutant (Ral∆N63CDP) lacking the N-terminal domain and a chimeric protein by fusing a CBM (RalCDP-CBM37). RalCBP showed a typical behavior with high activity on cellobiose. Instead, RalCDP extended its activity to longer soluble or insoluble cello-oligosaccharides. The catalytic efficiency of RalCDP was higher with cellotetraose and cellopentaose as substrates for both reaction directions. Concerning properties of Ral∆N63CDP, results support roles for the N-terminal domain in the conformation of the homo-dimer and conferring the enzyme the capacity to catalyze the phosphorolytic reaction. This mutant exhibited reduced affinity toward phosphate and increased to glucose-1-phosphate. Further, the CBM37 module showed functionality when fused to RalCDP, as RalCDP-CBM37 exhibited an enhanced ability to use insoluble cellulosic substrates. Data obtained from this enzyme's binding parameters to cellulosic polysaccharides agree with the kinetic results. Besides, studies of synthesis and phosphorolysis of cello-saccharides at long-time reactions served to identify the utility of these enzymes. While RalCDP produces a mixture of cello-oligosaccharides (from cellotriose to longer oligosaccharides), the impaired phosphorolytic activity makes Ral∆N63CDP lead mainly toward the synthesis of cellotetraose. On the other hand, RalCDP-CBM37 remarks on the utility of obtaining glucose-1-phosphate from cellulosic compounds.
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Super-rapid and highly-efficient esterification of cellulose to achieve an accurate chromatographic analysis of its molecular weight. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 286:119301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang X, Jiang F, Torres-Luna C, Nishiyama Y, Briber RM, Wang H. Solvent-Assisted Fractionation of Oligomeric Cellulose and Reversible Transformation of Cellulose II and IV. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4792-4797. [PMID: 34491726 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oligomeric cellulose with an average degree of polymerization of 7.68 and a polydispersity of 1.04 has been fractionated using solution processes. Three fractions have been obtained through initial dissolution, subsequent crystallization, and solvent precipitation, respectively. The resulting oligocellulose fraction has an average degree of polymerization of 7.70 and a polydispersity of 1.01, respectively. Cellulose IV2 crystals form in the oligocellulose fraction, and reversibly transform to II and back to IV using simple solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Cesar Torres-Luna
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | | | - Robert M Briber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Howard Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Neutron Science Platform, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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Harvey DJ. ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: AN UPDATE FOR 2015-2016. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:408-565. [PMID: 33725404 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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Cello-oligosaccharides production from lignocellulosic biomass and their emerging prebiotic applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:73. [PMID: 33779851 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cello-oligosaccharides (COS) are linear oligosaccharides composed of β-1,4-linked glucopyranose units. They comprise a group of important new oligosaccharides of significant interest and potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food, chemical, and feed industries, currently emerging as potential prebiotic compounds. COS from lignocellulosic biomass, specifically the agro-industrial residues and by-products of the forestry industry, constitute a new attractive process that imposes the sustainable use of biomass resources. Two main strategies have been used for the production of COS: acid-based and enzyme-based cellulose hydrolysis. The latter has been considered more attractive due to the use of milder reaction conditions and less production of monomers. This review summarizes that although COS is emerging as a potential prebiotic with also other potential applications, there is a lack of information regarding the large-scale production, which could be associated with the recalcitrant nature of cellulose compared to other polysaccharides, which hinders the hydrolysis of its dense network.
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Liu Z, Hou Y, Hu S, Li Y. Possible dissolution mechanism of alkali lignin in lactic acid-choline chloride under mild conditions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40649-40657. [PMID: 35519228 PMCID: PMC9057700 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07808e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, several representative deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were designed to evaluate the solubility for alkali lignin (AL). It was found that DESs with lactic acid (LA) as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) had good solubility for AL, in which lactic acid(LA) : choline chloride(ChCl) 10 : 1 showed excellent solubility with more than 17 wt% under a relatively mild condition of 60 °C. The results of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), FTIR and 1H and HSQC NMR spectroscopies revealed an important possible dissolution mechanism of AL in LA-ChCl, that is, AL could be depolymerized under the action of LA when dissolved in LA-ChCl. Then, a new connection would form between the phenolic groups on the lignin fragments and ChCl, which is similar to that between ChCl and LA in DES, leading to an increase in the molecule weight of lignin. The new connections could be easily broken under the action of heat (150 °C) or microwave to the redispersion of lignin fragments. The results would provide a theoretic base for the high-value application of lignin in bioresources. In this study, several representative deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were designed to evaluate the solubility for alkali lignin (AL).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Songqing Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Youming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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Liu X, Li T, Wu S, Ma H, Yin Y. Structural characterization and comparison of enzymatic and deep eutectic solvents isolated lignin from various green processes: Toward lignin valorization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123460. [PMID: 32402988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, several representative green processes were developed to extract the enzymatic lignin and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) isolated lignin from corn straw. The results revealed that enzymatic lignin and DESs isolated lignin had a relatively low and homogeneous molecular weight and DESs isolated lignin shown a higher purity. Enzymatic and DESs isolated lignin showed good representativeness and similar to original herbal lignin structures accompany few aryl ether linkage cleavages and oxidation phenomenon. Among them, the subcritical CO2-assisted autohydrolysis and ChCl/Lac DESs treatment exhibited a higher severity for lignin preparation, and sequence DESs isolated lignin had a better reactivity. The β-O-4 ether bonds and carbon-carbon bonds linkage were further broken up during the Lac and DESs sequence treatment. In short, the described processes showed practical significance for lignin extraction and potential valorization, as well as help to develop more novel strategies for the current biorefinery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Tengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Shubin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yihui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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Wu Z, Beltran-Villegas DJ, Jayaraman A. Development of a New Coarse-Grained Model to Simulate Assembly of Cellulose Chains Due to Hydrogen Bonding. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4599-4614. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy
St., Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Daniel J. Beltran-Villegas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy
St., Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy
St., Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Environmentally friendly pathways towards the synthesis of vinyl-based oligocelluloses. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 193:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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A promptly approach from monosaccharides of biomass to oligosaccharides via sharp-quenching thermo conversion (SQTC). Carbohydr Polym 2018; 189:204-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Billès E, Coma V, Peruch F, Grelier S. Water-soluble cellulose oligomer production by chemical and enzymatic synthesis: a mini-review. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Billès
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques; Université de Bordeaux; Pessac France
| | - Véronique Coma
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques; Université de Bordeaux; Pessac France
| | - Frédéric Peruch
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques; Université de Bordeaux; Pessac France
| | - Stéphane Grelier
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques; Université de Bordeaux; Pessac France
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