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Irfan J, Ali A, Hussain MA, Abbas A, Haseeb MT, Naeem-Ul-Hassan M, Azhar I, Hussain SZ, Hussain I. Chemical modification of Aloe vera leaf hydrogel for efficient cadmium-removal from spiked high-hardness groundwater. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:128879. [PMID: 38145696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the hydrogel from the leaf of the Aloe vera plant (ALH) was succinylated (SALH) and saponified (NaSALH). The FTIR, solid-state CP/MAS 13C NMR, and SEM-EDX spectroscopic analyses witnessed the formation of SALH and NaSALH from ALH. The pHZPC for NaSALH was found to be 4.90, indicating the presence of -ve charge on its surface. The Cd2+ sorption efficiency of NaSALH was found to be dependent on pH, NaALH dose, Cd2+ concentration, contact time, and temperature. The maximum Cd2+ removal from DW and HGW was found to be 227.27 and 212.77 mg g-1 according to the Langmuir isothermal model (>0.99) at pH of 6, NaSALH dose of 40 mg g-1, Cd2+ concentration of 90 mg L-1, contact time of 30 min, and temperature of 298 K. The kinetic analysis of Cd2+ sorption data witnessed that the Cd2+ removal by chemisorption mechanism and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (>0.99). The -ve values of ΔG° and ΔH° assessed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of sorption of Cd2+ by NaSALH. The regeneration and sorption/desorption studies indicated that the sorbent NaSALH is regenerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar Irfan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Ali
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajaz Hussain
- Centre for Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Azhar Abbas
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Irfan Azhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Syed Zajif Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science & Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore Cantt. 54792, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science & Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore Cantt. 54792, Pakistan
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2
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Whale E, Bulling AEK, Fry SC. Biochemical characterisation of cellulose and cell-wall-matrix polysaccharides in variously oxidised sugar-beet pulp preparations differing in viscosity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127356. [PMID: 37838137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-beet pulp (SBP) is an abundant, cellulose-rich, non-food by-product of agriculture. Oxidised SBP (oP) has valuable viscosity attributes, and different oxidation protocols yield higher- or lower-viscosity oP. We investigated how SBP polysaccharides change during oxidation, since these changes must define oP quality. Oxidation solubilised much pectin and hemicellulose; however, most cellulose stayed insoluble. Fresh SBP contains negligible 'hemicellulose a' (=alkali-extractable polysaccharides that precipitate upon acidification), but oxidation created abundant glucose-rich 'hemicellulose a' from SBP cellulose. We propose that the cellulose acquired COOH groups, conferring alkali-extractability and admitting more water, thereby augmenting viscosity. The pectin and hemicellulose molecules that were retained during oxidation had been partially depolymerised, and their median Mr correlated negatively with oP viscosity. We developed a novel procedure to explore cellulose's permeability by measuring the ingress of tritium from [3H]water into microfibrils and its retention during desiccation. In high-crystallinity Avicel, 75 % of the cellulose's OH groups were inaccessible to [3H]water, whereas filter-paper cellulose acquired the theoretical maximum 3H, indicating an open structure. Retention of 3H by oP preparations correlated positively with viscosity, indicating that increased cellulose accessibility generates a viscous oP. In conclusion, depolymerisation and solubilisation of matrix polysaccharides, accompanied by increasing water-accessibility of cellulose, enhanced SBP's viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Whale
- CelluComp Ltd., Unit 3, West Docks, Harbour Pl, Burntisland KY3 9DW, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E K Bulling
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, The King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen C Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, The King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom.
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3
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Cao F, Lu S, Wang L, Zheng M, Young Quek S. Modified porous starch for enhanced properties: Synthesis, characterization and applications. Food Chem 2023; 415:135765. [PMID: 36854239 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Native starches have low water solubility at room temperature and poor stability, which demand modifications to overcome. Porous starch as a modified one shows enhanced adsorptive efficiency and solubility compared with its native starch. In contrast, some inherent disadvantages exist, such as weak mechanical strength and low thermal resistance. Fortunately, modified porous starches have been developed to perform well in adsorption capacity and stability. Modified porous starch can be prepared by esterification, crosslinking, oxidation and multiple modifications to the porous starch. The characterization of modified porous starch can be achieved through various analytical techniques. Modified porous starch can be utilized as highly efficient adsorbents and encapsulants for various compounds and applied in various fields. This review dealt with the progress in the preparation, structural characterization and application of modified porous starch. The objective is to provide a reference for its development, utilization, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shengmin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Meiyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Siew Young Quek
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence for Food Research, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
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4
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Li M, Zhang S, Zhang P, Qin K, Chen Q, Cao Q, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yuan C, Xiao H. Dansyl-labelled cellulose as dual-functional adsorbents for elimination and detection of mercury in aqueous solution via aggregation-induced emission. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117773. [PMID: 36996568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Dansyl chloride fluorophore exhibits typical aggregation induced fluorescence emission behavior in acetone/water solution. To realize the integration of detective and adsorptive functions, dansyl chloride is covalently immobilized on cellulose substrate to fabricate an efficient adsorbent for mercury ions in water. The as-prepared material exhibits excellent fluorescence sensing performance exclusively for Hg (II) with the presence of other metal ions. A sensitive and selective fluorescence quenching across the concentration range of 0.1-8.0 mg/L is observed with a detection limit of 8.33 × 10-9 M as a result of the inhibition of aggregation induced emission caused by the coordination between adsorbent and Hg (II). Besides, the adsorption properties for Hg (II) including the influence of initial concentration and contact time are investigated. Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetics are demonstrated to fit well with the adsorption experiment for the uptake of Hg (II) by the functionalized adsorbent, also, intraparticle diffusion kinetic model is proved to aptly describe the Hg (II) removal in aqueous solution. In addition, the recognition mechanism is considered to originate from the Hg (II) triggered structural reversals of naphthalene ring units which are verified by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculation. Moreover, the synthesis method used in this work also provides a strategy for the sensing application of organic sensor molecules with AIE properties in which the aggregated behavior could be appropriately realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Kexin Qin
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Qianyong Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China.
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Jinghong Zhang
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Chungang Yuan
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, E3B 5A3, Canada.
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5
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Effective removal of nanoplastics from water by cellulose/MgAl layered double hydroxides composite beads. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Gao J, Zhang L, Liu S, Liu X. Enhanced adsorption of copper ions from aqueous solution by two-step DTPA-modified magnetic cellulose hydrogel beads. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:689-699. [PMID: 35577194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Copper contamination of water is one of the most pressing environmental problems which has attracted extensive concern in recent decades. In this study, a series of magnetic adsorbents were synthesized by two-step modified cellulose with N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (KH-792) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) using for removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. Adsorption performance of Cu(II) was systematically investigated under various treatment conditions as the effect of solution pH, contact time, initial concentration and temperature. The adsorption process was found to match better with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, and the equilibrium adsorption data were well described by Langmuir model, which meant predominant governance of monolayer chemical adsorption. The analysis of FTIR and XPS confirmed the possible adsorption mechanism between Cu(II) and the synthesized adsorbents was electrostatic attraction and the chemical coordination. Compared with MCCs and APMC, DPMC showed higher adsorption capacity of Cu(II), reaching maximum adsorption capacity of 298.62 mg·g-1 at pH 6. Given this, ease of preparation, low cost and excellent reusability, DPMC will be promising adsorbent for application in Cu(II) removal from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shejiang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Tianjin Huanke Environmental Consulting Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300191, China
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7
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Mo L, Zhang S, Qi F, Huang A. Highly stable cellulose nanofiber/polyacrylamide aerogel via in-situ physical/chemical double crosslinking for highly efficient Cu(II) ions removal. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1922-1932. [PMID: 35500768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Water pollution by heavy metal ions is a global concern due to detrimental effects on the ecological environment and human health. To solve the problem of the stability and recyclability of the traditional adsorbents, we proposed three-dimensional lamellar porous cellulose nanofiber/polyacrylamide composite aerogel with outstanding pollutants adsorption, easy regeneration, and multiple recycling. The aerogel adsorbent was prepared by a two-step method via facile in-situ physical/chemical double cross-linking and freeze-drying processes. The resulting aerogels showed good thermal stability, superior water stability and excellent adsorption properties, with a maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity for Cu(II) ions up to 240 mg g-1 due to the in-situ physical/chemical combination of anionic polyacrylamide and carbonylated cellulose nanofibers. The adsorption mechanism was the electrostatic attraction, chelating effect and complex formation driving forces for the fast and efficient adsorption of Cu(II) ions. The removal efficiency of the aerogels for Cu(II) remained above 80% after 10 adsorption/regeneration cycles, suggesting its outstanding recyclability. The proposed aerogel adsorbent shows noteworthy potential for the practical treatment of heavy metal ion wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Mo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shifeng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fei Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Anmin Huang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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8
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Cheng X, Wang S, Huang W, Wang F, Fang S, Ge R, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Du W, Fang F, Feng Q, Cao J, Luo J. Current status of hypochlorite technology on the wastewater treatment and sludge disposal: Performance, principals and prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150085. [PMID: 34525771 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As cost-effective and high-efficient oxidants, the hypochlorite chemicals have been widely utilized for bleaching and disinfection. However, its potential applications in wastewater treatment and sludge disposal were less concerned. This paper mainly summarized the state-of-the-art applications of hypochlorite technology in wastewater and sludge treatment based on the main influencing factors and potential mechanisms of hypochlorite treatment. The results indicated that the hypochlorite approaches were not only effective in pollutants removal and membrane fouling mitigation for wastewater treatment, but also contributed to sludge dewatering and resource recovery for sludge disposal. The ClO- and large generated free active radicals (i.e., reactive chlorine species and reactive oxygen species), which possessed strong oxidative ability, were the primary contributors to the pollutants decomposition, and colloids/microbes flocs disintegration during the hypochlorite treatment process. The performance of hypochlorite treatment was highly associated with various factors (i.e., pH, temperature, hypochlorite types and dosage). In combination with the reasonable activators (i.e., Fe2+ and ultraviolet), auxiliary agents, and innovative processes (i.e., hydrothermal and electro-oxidation), the operational performance of hypochlorite technology could be further enhanced. Finally, the feasibility and benefits of hypochlorite application for wastewater and sludge treatment were analyzed, and the existing challenges and future research efforts that need to be made have also prospected. The review can hopefully provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance to extend the application of hypochlorite technology for wastewater treatment and sludge disposal on large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Suna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shiyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Ran Ge
- College of Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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Yang Y, Zeng L, Lin Z, Jiang H, Zhang A. Adsorption of Pb 2+, Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ by sulfhydryl modified chitosan beads. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 274:118622. [PMID: 34702451 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A chitosan-based bead was synthesized by crosslinking as well as sulfhydryl modification reaction and its removal ability of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ was investigated. The test results showed that the crystal structure of chitosan was destroyed completely and the specific surface area was greatly increased after modification. The adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ by the beads was carried out at different pH, ionic strength, contact time and initial concentration and the maximum adsorption capacities were 273.7 mg/g, 163.3 mg/g and 183.1 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, due to the large ion radius of Pb2+, its adsorption was seriously disturbed by other ions in the competitive adsorption process. Finally, the adsorption processes of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo second-order kinetics model, respectively. Combined with the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, chemical coordination is the main adsorption mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Yang
- Institute of Biomass Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Institute of Biomass Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Zongkun Lin
- Institute of Biomass Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Huabin Jiang
- Institute of Biomass Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Institute of Biomass Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China.
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Polish Varieties of Industrial Hemp and Their Utilisation in the Efficient Production of Lignocellulosic Ethanol. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216467. [PMID: 34770876 PMCID: PMC8587792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, more and more attention is paid to the development and the intensification of the use of renewable energy sources. Hemp might be an alternative plant for bioenergy production. In this paper, four varieties of Polish industrial hemp (Białobrzeskie, Tygra, Henola, and Rajan) were investigated in order to determine which of them are the most advantageous raw materials for the effective production of bioethanol. At the beginning, physical and chemical pretreatment of hemp biomass was carried out. It was found that the most effective is the alkaline treatment with 2% NaOH, and the biomasses of the two varieties were selected for next stages of research: Tygra and Rajan. Hemp biomass before and after pretreatment was analyzed by FTIR and SEM, which confirmed the effectiveness of the pretreatment. Next, an enzymatic hydrolysis process was carried out on the previously selected parameters using the response surface methodology. Subsequently, the two approaches were analyzed: separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process. For Tygra biomass in the SHF process, the ethanol concentration was 10.5 g∙L−1 (3.04 m3·ha−1), and for Rajan biomass at the SSF process, the ethanol concentration was 7.5 g∙L−1 (2.23 m3·ha−1). In conclusion, the biomass of Polish varieties of hemp, i.e., Tygra and Rajan, was found to be an interesting and promising raw material for bioethanol production.
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Batog J, Bujnowicz K, Gieparda W, Wawro A, Rojewski S. Effective Utilisation of Halophyte Biomass from Saline Soils for Biorefinering Processes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175393. [PMID: 34500826 PMCID: PMC8434430 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The salinity of European soil is increasing every year, causing severe economic damage (estimated 1-3 million hectares in the enlarged EU). This study uses the biomass of halophytes-tall fescue (grass) and hemp of the Białobrzeskie variety from saline soils-for bioenergy, second generation biofuels and designing new materials-fillers for polymer composites. In the bioethanol obtaining process, in the first stage, the grass and hemp biomass were pretreated with 1.5% NaOH. Before and after the treatment, the chemical composition was determined and the FTIR spectra and SEM pictures were taken. Then, the process of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was carried out. The concentration of ethanol for both the grass and hemp biomass was approx. 7 g·L-1 (14 g·100 g-1 of raw material). In addition, trials of obtaining green composites with halophyte biomass using polymers (PP) and biopolymers (PLA) as a matrix were performed. The mechanical properties of the composites (tensile and flexural tests) were determined. It was found that the addition of a compatibilizer improved the adhesion at the interface of PP composites with a hemp filler. In conclusion, the grass and hemp biomass were found to be an interesting and promising source to be used for bioethanol and biocomposites production. The use of annually renewable plant biomass from saline soils for biorefinering processes opens up opportunities for the development of a new value chains and new approaches to sustainable agriculture.
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Zhu J, Gao W, Wang B, Kang X, Liu P, Cui B, Abd El-Aty AM. Preparation and evaluation of starch-based extrusion-blown nanocomposite films incorporated with nano-ZnO and nano-SiO 2. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1371-1378. [PMID: 34019919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of nano-ZnO and nano-SiO2 nanoparticles on the properties of starch-based films prepared by extrusion blowing were investigated in this study. New hydrogen bonds between hydroxypropyl starch (HS) and nanoparticles during the extrusion process were formed as shown by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The diffraction patterns of nanocomposite films reinforced with nano-ZnO were similar to those of nano-ZnO, except that the peak intensity decreased, whereas, the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles decreased the intensity of the main characteristic peaks, regardless of the HS and nano-ZnO reinforced films. The thermal stability, tensile strength, moisture barrier property, and surface hydrophobicity of nanocomposite films were improved with the incorporation of nano-ZnO and nano-SiO2, the finding that could be attributed to a strong interplay between nano-ZnO, nano-SiO2, and the starch matrix during the extrusion film blowing process. Similarly, the nano-ZnO/nano-SiO2 composite-reinforced films showed smooth, flat, and uniform appearances by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) tests. In sum, Nano-ZnO and nano-SiO2 nanoparticles can be used as composite reinforcing agents for preparation of starch-based films through extrusion blowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Xuemin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China.
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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13
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Plasma polymerization mediated construction of surface ion-imprinted polypropylene fibers for the selective adsorption of Cr(VI). REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Zhang YR, Chen JT, Hao B, Wang R, Ma PC. Preparation of cellulose-coated cotton fabric and its application for the separation of emulsified oil in water. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 240:116318. [PMID: 32475581 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is a natural material with dissolution-regeneration property and numerous hydrogen bonds in the molecule. By utilizing these properties, this paper reported the development of a multi-functional fabric consisting of cellulose and commercial cotton fabric. The morphology, mechanical and thermal properties along with the oil-water separation performance of the developed material were studied. The results showed that the cellulose dissolved in NaOH/urea solution was regenerated in a salt solution, and attached tightly onto the cotton fabric, forming a sandwich structure for the material. Such modification significantly enhanced the strength, thermal stability and hydrophilic performance of the fabrics. Interestingly, the prepared material exhibited a unique underwater oleophobic performance, and had the capability to separate highly emulsified oil-water mixtures. The relatively low cost for the material preparation, enhanced mechanical property and high separation performance distinguished the developed material a suitable candidate for the separation of emulsified oil from water in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rong Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Center of Material Science and Opto-electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun-Teng Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Center of Material Science and Opto-electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Hao
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Center of Material Science and Opto-electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- CAS-Realnm Separation Technology Company, Wuxi, 214001, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Ma
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Center of Material Science and Opto-electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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15
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Weak acidic stable carbazate modified cellulose membranes target for scavenging carbonylated proteins in hemodialysis. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 231:115727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Qian H, Shen X, Huang H, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Wang H, Wang Z. Helical poly(phenyl isocyanide)s grafted selectively on C-6 of cellulose for improved chiral recognition ability. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 231:115737. [PMID: 31888853 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose graft copolymers are an effective way to endow new properties to cellulose substrate, as well the rigidity, regularity, and helicity of the cellulose backbone could induce the self-assembly of supramolecular structures. In this work, right-handed helical poly(phenyl isocyanide)s (PPIn) were grafted selectively onto C-6-cellulose. Alkyne-terminated PPIn was synthesized by living polymerization of right-handed phenyl isocyanide monomer using an alkyne-terminated palladium(II) complex as an initiator/catalyst, and were grafted onto the C-6 of the cellulose backbone (Cell-6-g-PPIn) at various chain lengths using copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) "click" chemistry. We confirmed the successful grafting by liquid 1H NMR and 13C NMR, as well as solid 13C NMR, FTIR, and GPC. After grafting onto cellulose, the right-handed chirality of PPIn was significantly increased by 111.2%. Additionally, the Cell-6-g-PPIn exhibited better chiral recognition of L-Phe-DNSP than PPIn alone. Therefore, the helical cellulose backbone has enhanced effect on preferred helix of PPIn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qian
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- School of Physics and Materials Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, No.43663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Mingtao Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, 230009, China.
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
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Zhu Q, Li D. Interface Reinforcement of Pulp Fiber Based ABS Composite with Hydrogen Bonding Initiated Interlinked Structure via Alkaline Oxidation and tert-Butyl Grafting on Cellulose. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11122048. [PMID: 31835578 PMCID: PMC6960529 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interface optimization in preparing natural fiber based biocomposite becomes a key factor that determines overall properties, especially mechanical performance. The solution for upgrading interfacial adhesion stemmed from polar fiber and nonpolar polymer remains unclear. Here, a kind of pulp fiber/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) composite with content ratio of 1:1 was fabricated by functionalizing the cellulose fiber to coordinate interaction between fiber and ABS. With addition of 5 wt % polyacrylamide (PAM) there existed an interlinked three-element structure in composite. Three types of treatment to cellulose fiber, including alkali immersion, pivaloyl chloride grafting for 10 h and 20 h were conducted. Pulp fiber that was treated with alkali for one hour, followed by pivaloyl chloride reaction for ten hours, proved to be effective for interfacial adhesion. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveals 21.9% of carbonyl and 12.1% of ester function in this fiber, which corresponds to oxidation and grafting. For its composite SEM picture displays that most of cellulose fiber are rooted in ABS and evident traces of tearing or fracture can be observed after tension test. DMA test indicates that this modified pulp fiber/ABS composite exhibits great compatibility, because of combined loss modulus peak ranging from 80 °C to 100 °C. Moreover, the well miscible composite has a tensile strength of 58.1 MPa and elastic modulus of 2515 MPa, increasing by nearly 50% and 60% from those of pure ABS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dagang Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13912981251
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18
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Chemical and Enzymatic Treatment of Hemp Biomass for Bioethanol Production. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9245348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study chemical and enzymatic treatment of hemp biomass were optimized to obtain maximum ethanol production. In the first stage, physical and chemical pretreatment of hemp biomass was carried out. It was found that the Tygra variety is susceptible to alkaline treatment at an optimum concentration of 2% NaOH. Next, the effect of NaOH on the value of reducing sugars and the chemical composition of the solid fraction before and after the treatment was determined. Hemp biomass before and after the chemical treatment was analysed by FTIR spectra and SEM. The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis, i.e., substrate content, temperature, time, pH and dose of enzyme by means of Response Surface Methodology on glucose content was determined. The highest glucose value was observed at 50 °C, in time process between 48 and 72 h, and the dose of enzyme was not less than 20 FPU·g−1. After the optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis two processes of ethanol fermentation from hemp biomass, SHF and SSF, were carried out. In the SHF process a 40% higher concentration of ethanol was obtained (10.51 g/L). In conclusion, hemp biomass was found to be an interesting and promising source to be used for bioethanol production.
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