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Guo X, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Huang H, Zhang C, Rao H. Improved Proton Conductivity of Chitosan-Based Composite Proton Exchange Membrane Reinforced by Modified GO Inorganic Nanofillers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1217. [PMID: 39057893 PMCID: PMC11280275 DOI: 10.3390/nano14141217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Non-fluorinated chitosan-based proton exchange membranes (PEMs) have been attracting considerable interest due to their environmental friendliness and relatively low cost. However, low proton conductivity and poor physicochemical properties have limited their application in fuel cells. In this work, a reinforced nanofiller (sulfonated CS/GO, S-CS/GO) is accomplished, for the first time, via a facile amidation and sulfonation reaction. Novel chitosan-based composite PEMs are successfully constructed by the incorporation of the nanofiller into the chitosan matrix. Additionally, the effects of the type and amount of the nanofillers on physicochemical and electrochemical properties are further investigated. It is demonstrated that the chitosan-based composite PEMs incorporating an appropriate amount of the nanofillers (9 wt.%) exhibit good membrane-forming ability, physicochemical properties, improved proton conductivity, and low methanol permeability even under a high temperature and low humidity environment. When the incorporated amounts of S-CS/GO are 9 wt.%, the proton conductivity of the composite PEMs was up to 0.032 S/cm but methanol permeability was decreased to 1.42 × 10-7 cm2/s. Compared to a pristine CS membrane, the tensile strength of the composite membrane is improved by 98% and the methanol permeability is reduced by 51%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Zhongxin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Zhanyan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Huaxin Rao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.H.)
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Vijayakumar V, Nam SY. A Review of Recent Chitosan Anion Exchange Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1265. [PMID: 36557172 PMCID: PMC9783247 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering the critical energy challenges and the generation of zero-emission anion exchange membrane (AEM) sources, chitosan-based anion exchange membranes have garnered considerable interest in fuel cell applications owing to their various advantages, including their eco-friendly nature, flexibility for structural modification, and improved mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability. The present mini-review highlights the advancements of chitosan-based biodegradable anion exchange membranes for fuel cell applications published between 2015 and 2022. Key points from the rigorous literature evaluation are: grafting with various counterions in addition to crosslinking contributed good conductivity and chemical as well as mechanical stability to the membranes; use of the interpenetrating network as well as layered structures, blending, and modified nanomaterials facilitated a significant reduction in membrane swelling and long-term alkaline stability. The study gives insightful guidance to the industry about replacing Nafion with a low-cost, environmentally friendly membrane source. It is suggested that more attention be given to exploring chitosan-based anion exchange membranes in consideration of effective strategies that focus on durability, as well as optimization of the operational conditions of fuel cells for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalekshmi Vijayakumar
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yong Nam
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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AI AKS, Louis C. Chitosan nanohybrid proton exchange membranes based on CNT and exfoliated MoS2 for fuel cell applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Luhar I, Luhar S, Abdullah MMAB, Razak RA, Vizureanu P, Sandu AV, Matasaru PD. A State-of-the-Art Review on Innovative Geopolymer Composites Designed for Water and Wastewater Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7456. [PMID: 34885611 PMCID: PMC8658912 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is nothing more fundamental than clean potable water for living beings next to air. On the other hand, wastewater management is cropping up as a challenging task day-by-day due to lots of new additions of novel pollutants as well as the development of infrastructures and regulations that could not maintain its pace with the burgeoning escalation of populace and urbanizations. Therefore, momentous approaches must be sought-after to reclaim fresh water from wastewaters in order to address this great societal challenge. One of the routes is to clean wastewater through treatment processes using diverse adsorbents. However, most of them are unsustainable and quite costly e.g. activated carbon adsorbents, etc. Quite recently, innovative, sustainable, durable, affordable, user and eco-benevolent Geopolymer composites have been brought into play to serve the purpose as a pretty novel subject matter since they can be manufactured by a simple process of Geopolymerization at low temperature, lower energy with mitigated carbon footprints and marvellously, exhibit outstanding properties of physical and chemical stability, ion-exchange, dielectric characteristics, etc., with a porous structure and of course lucrative too because of the incorporation of wastes with them, which is in harmony with the goal to transit from linear to circular economy, i.e., "one's waste is the treasure for another". For these reasons, nowadays, this ground-breaking inorganic class of amorphous alumina-silicate materials are drawing the attention of the world researchers for designing them as adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment where the chemical nature and structure of the materials have a great impact on their adsorption competence. The aim of the current most recent state-of-the-art and scientometric review is to comprehend and assess thoroughly the advancements in geo-synthesis, properties and applications of geopolymer composites designed for the elimination of hazardous contaminants viz., heavy metal ions, dyes, etc. The adsorption mechanisms and effects of various environmental conditions on adsorption efficiency are also taken into account for review of the importance of Geopolymers as most recent adsorbents to get rid of the death-defying and toxic pollutants from wastewater with a view to obtaining reclaimed potable and sparkling water for reuse offering to trim down the massive crisis of scarcity of water promoting sustainable water and wastewater treatment for greener environments. The appraisal is made on the performance estimation of Geopolymers for water and wastewater treatment along with the three-dimensional printed components are characterized for mechanical, physical and chemical attributes, permeability and Ammonium (NH4+) ion removal competence of Geopolymer composites as alternative adsorbents for sequestration of an assortment of contaminants during wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Luhar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Rajasthan 333001, India;
| | - Salmabanu Luhar
- Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis 01000, Malaysia;
- Frederick Research Center, P.O. Box 24729, Nicosia 1303, Cyprus
- Department of Civil Engineering, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus
| | - Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
- Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis 01000, Malaysia;
| | - Rafiza Abdul Razak
- Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis 01000, Malaysia;
| | - Petrica Vizureanu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 41, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Victor Sandu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 41, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Romanian Inventors Forum, St. P. Movila 3, 700089 Iasi, Romania
- National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection INCDPM, Splaiul Independentei 294, 060031 Bucuresti, Romania
| | - Petre-Daniel Matasaru
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Technical University “Gheorghe Asachi”, Carol I Bvd, nr. 11 A, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
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Peydayesh M, Mohammadi T, Nikouzad SK. A positively charged composite loose nanofiltration membrane for water purification from heavy metals. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Huang H, Xu J, Feng Q, Ni L, Zhang L, Yang C, Fan J, Li H, Wang H. Poly-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (PHEDP) as a highly effective water-retentive and proton-conductive material for low-humidity proton exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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