1
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Qasim U, Suopajärvi T, Sirviö JA, Backman O, Xu C, Liimatainen H. Pickering Emulsions and Hydrophobized Films of Amphiphilic Cellulose Nanofibers Synthesized in Deep Eutectic Solvent. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4113-4122. [PMID: 37611236 PMCID: PMC10498439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a dual-functioning deep eutectic solvent system based on triethylmethylammonium chloride and imidazole was harnessed as a swelling agent and a reaction medium for the esterification of cellulose with n-octyl succinic anhydride (OSA). The modified or amphiphilic cellulose nanofibers (ACNFs), synthesized using three different OSA-to-anhydroglucose unit molar ratios (0.5:1, ACNF-1; 1:1, ACNF-2; and 1.5:1, ACNF-3), were further converted into nanofibers with degree of substitution (DS) values of 0.24-0.66. The ACNFs possessed a lateral dimension of 4.24-9.22 nm and displayed surface activity due to the balance of hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics. The ACNFs made stable aqueous dispersions; however, the instability index of ACNF-3 (0.51) was higher than those of ACNF-1 (0.29) and ACNF-2 (0.33), which was attributed to the high DS-induced hydrophobicity, causing the instability in water. The amphiphilic nature of ACNFs promoted their performance as stabilizers in oil-in-water Pickering emulsions with average droplet sizes of 4.85 μm (ACNF-1) and 5.48 μm (ACNF-2). Self-standing films of ACNFs showed high contact angles for all the tested DS variants (97.48-114.12°), while their tensile strength was inversely related to DS values (ACNF-1: 115 MPa and ACNF-3: 49.5 MPa). Aqueous dispersions of ACNFs were also tested for coating fruits to increase their shelf life. Coatings improved their shelf life by decreasing oxygen contact and moisture loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Qasim
- Fibre
and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Terhi Suopajärvi
- Fibre
and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Juho Antti Sirviö
- Fibre
and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Oskar Backman
- Laboratory
of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo
Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory
of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo
Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Henrikki Liimatainen
- Fibre
and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland
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2
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Ishida K, Kondo T. Evaluation of Surface Free Energy Inducing Interfacial Adhesion of Amphiphilic Cellulose Nanofibrils. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3786-3793. [PMID: 37450709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have been studied extensively over the past decade. Their applications, e.g., as fillers for nanocomposites, stabilizers for Pickering emulsions, and scaffolds for cell culture, are mostly dictated by interfacial adhesion. In general, the individual surface free energy values of the constituents of a material correlate with its adsorption and desorption behaviors. In the present study, we estimated the surface free energy values of thin films composed of CNFs using traditional contact angle methods based on the Wenzel equation and van Oss-Chaudhury-Good theory. The accuracy and utility of the estimated surface free energy values were verified by close matching between the obtained adhesion energy values and the actual interfacial adsorption behaviors of the CNFs. Therefore, the evaluated surface energy values are expected to be a feasible tool for designing of interfacial interactions between CNF surfaces and other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Ishida
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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3
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Ji C, Wang Y. Nanocellulose-stabilized Pickering emulsions: Fabrication, stabilization, and food applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102970. [PMID: 37523998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Pickering emulsions have been widely studied due to their good stability and potential applications. Nanocellulose including cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCNFs) has emerged as sustainable stabilizers/emulsifiers in food-related Pickering emulsions due to their favorable properties such as renewability, low toxicity, amphiphilicity, biocompatibility, and high aspect ratio. Nanocellulose can be widely obtained from different sources and extraction methods and can effectively stabilize Pickering emulsions via the irreversible adsorption onto oil-water interface. The synergistic effects of nanocellulose and other substances can further enhance the interfacial networks. The nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions have potential food-related applications in delivery systems, food packaging materials, and fat substitutes. Nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions as 3D printing inks exhibit good injectable and gelling properties and are promising to print spatial architectures. In the future, the utilization of biomass waste and the development of "green" and facile extraction methods for nanocellulose production deserve more attention. The stability of nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions in multi-component food systems and at various conditions is an utmost challenge. Moreover, the case-by-case studies on the potential safety issues of nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions need to be carried out with the standardized assessment procedures. In this review, we highlight key fundamental work and recent reports on nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsion systems. The sources and extraction of nanocellulose and the fabrication of nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions are briefly summarized. Furthermore, the synergistic stability and food-related applications of nanocellulose-stabilized Pickering emulsions are spotlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuye Ji
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
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4
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Fernandes A, Cruz-Lopes L, Esteves B, Evtuguin D. Nanotechnology Applied to Cellulosic Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3104. [PMID: 37109939 PMCID: PMC10143861 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanocellulosic materials have attracted special attention because of their performance in different advanced applications, biodegradability, availability, and biocompatibility. Nanocellulosic materials can assume three distinct morphologies, including cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and bacterial cellulose (BC). This review consists of two main parts related to obtaining and applying nanocelluloses in advanced materials. In the first part, the mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments necessary for the production of nanocelluloses are discussed. Among chemical pretreatments, the most common approaches are described, such as acid- and alkali-catalyzed organosolvation, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation, ammonium persulfate (APS) and sodium persulfate (SPS) oxidative treatments, ozone, extraction with ionic liquids, and acid hydrolysis. As for mechanical/physical treatments, methods reviewed include refining, high-pressure homogenization, microfluidization, grinding, cryogenic crushing, steam blasting, ultrasound, extrusion, aqueous counter collision, and electrospinning. The application of nanocellulose focused, in particular, on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with CNC, CNF, and BC. With the development of TENGs, an unparalleled revolution is expected; there will be self-powered sensors, wearable and implantable electronic components, and a series of other innovative applications. In the future new era of TENGs, nanocellulose will certainly be a promising material in their constitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fernandes
- Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Luísa Cruz-Lopes
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal;
- Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society-CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Bruno Esteves
- Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society-CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
- Department of Wood Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Dmitry Evtuguin
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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5
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Patel AS, Balasubramaniam SL, Nayak B, Camire ME. Lauric acid adsorbed cellulose nanocrystals reduced the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of oil-water pickering emulsions. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Wang Q, Zhou R, Sun J, Liu J, Zhu Q. Naturally Derived Janus Cellulose Nanomaterials: Anisotropic Cellulose Nanomaterial Building Blocks and Their Assembly into Asymmetric Structures. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13468-13491. [PMID: 36075202 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Naturally derived cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) with desirable physicochemical properties have drawn tremendous attention for their versatile applications in a broad range of fields. More recently, Janus amphiphilic cellulose nanomaterial particles with asymmetric structures (i.e., reducing and nonreducing ends and crystalline and amorphous domains) have been in the spotlight, offering a rich and sophisticated toolbox for Janus nanomaterials. With careful surface and interfacial engineering, Janus CNM particles have demonstrated great potential as surface modifiers, emulsifiers, stabilizers, compatibilizers, and dispersants in emulsions, nanocomposites, and suspensions. Naturally derived Janus CNM particles offer a fascinating opportunity for scaling up the production of self-standing Janus CNM membranes. Nevertheless, most Janus CNM membranes to date are constructed by asymmetric fabrication or asymmetric modification without considering the Janus traits of CNM particles. More future research should focus on the self-assembly of Janus CNM particles into bulk self-standing Janus CNM membranes to enable more straightforward and sustainable approaches for Janus membranes. This review explores the fabrication, structure-property relationship, and Janus configuration mechanisms of Janus CNM particles and membranes. Janus CNM membranes are highlighted for their versatile applications in liquid, thermal, and light management. This review also highlights the significant advances and future perspectives in the construction and application of sustainable Janus CNM particles and membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
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7
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Polysaccharides-based nanofibrils: From tissue engineering to biosensor applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Perumal AB, Nambiar RB, Moses J, Anandharamakrishnan C. Nanocellulose: Recent trends and applications in the food industry. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Pickering emulsions stabilized by β-cyclodextrin and cinnamaldehyde essential oil/β-cyclodextrin composite: A comparison study. Food Chem 2022; 377:131995. [PMID: 34990944 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, a cinnamaldehyde essential oil (CEO)/β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) composite with a high embedding rate (91.74 ± 0.82%) was prepared. Its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Pickering emulsions prepared by β-CD and CEO/β-CD at different concentrations (1-5%) were comparatively investigated. The CEO/β-CD emulsions had better storage stability. Rheological results confirmed the emulsions were all gel-like elastic emulsions and had shear thinning phenomenon. Fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results confirmed that the most of excessive β-CD was adsorbed on the surface of emulsion droplets as crystals, formed thick protective shell in β-CD emulsions, while the most of excessive composites were distributed in the aqueous phase forming a stable network structure in CEO/β-CD emulsions. It caused these two emulsions had different rheological properties, and different changing trends in droplet size.
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10
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Kim H, Park D, Jiang Z, Wei Y, Woong Kim J. Microfluidic macroemulsion stabilization through in situ interfacial coacervation of associative nanoplatelets and polyelectrolytes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 614:574-582. [PMID: 35121516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Since macroemulsions tend to break down to lower free energy, they hardly retain their initial drop state. Therefore, studies are being conducted to overcome this based on advanced interface engineering techniques, but it is still challenging. Herein we hypothesize that the stability of giant droplets can be secured without chemical bonding through the interfacial coacervation of polyelectrolyte and associative nanoplatelets. EXPERIMENTS We synthesized associative silica nanoplates (ASNPs) via polypeptide-templated silicification and consecutive wettability adjustment. To produce monodisperse macrodroplets, the inner fluid containing partially positively charged ASNPs and the outer fluid dissolving negatively charged polyacrylic acid (PAA) were coflowed through a capillary-based microfluidic channel. FINDINGS Dynamic interfacial tension and interfacial rheology measurements revealed that the migration of ASNPs and PAA from each phase to the interface led to the formation of a complex bilayered thin membrane with an enhanced interfacial modulus. In addition, we demonstrated that adjusting the surface properties of ASNPs by coupling a fluorochemical enabled the production of monodisperse fluorocarbon-in-oil-in-water double macroemulsions. These results highlighted the applicability of our microfluidics-based interfacial coacervation technology in the development of complex fluid products with visual differentiation and drug encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajeong Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehwan Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhiting Jiang
- BASF Advanced Chemicals CO., Ltd., Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Ying Wei
- BASF Advanced Chemicals CO., Ltd., Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Raya SA, Saaid IM, Mohd Aji AQ, A Razak AA. Investigation of the synergistic effect of nonionic surfactants on emulsion resolution using response surface methodology. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30952-30961. [PMID: 36349040 PMCID: PMC9614612 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04816g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of crude oil is always accompanied by water production, which may create severe separation problems. It is important to understand the stabilization mechanism and parameters contributing to the formation of emulsion, specifically the synergy mixing of surfactants. These factors have not been studied primarily in previous studies. The main objective of the current work was to assess the influence of synergy mixing of nonionic surfactants, sorbitan monooleate (hexitol) and polysorbate 80 (glycol), which are mainly affecting the stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Several factors, such as the mixing rate, mixing time, and aging time of the studied emulsions were also investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM), and central composite design (CCD) were employed to design the experiments. Emulsion stability was measured through a static bottle test over a range of time (1–7 days) at a temperature of 60 °C. A model was established with a coefficient of determination value at 0.8814 and the highest emulsion stability achieved was 42.83%. The least water separation was observed at 0.5 v/v% hexitol, 1.5 v/v% glycol, 15 000 rpm mixing rate in 5 minutes, and seven-day ageing time to achieve ∼41.56% emulsion stability. The minimum emulsion stability of ∼25.0% was observed using 0.5 v/v% of sorbitan monooleate and polysorbate 80 at 5000 rpm of mixing rate in 15 min and under seven days of observation. The results also revealed that the mixing time and ageing time do not affect the stability of the prepared emulsions. Hexitol, mixing rate, synergy mixing of nonionic surfactants and polysorbate 80, and mixing speed significantly influence emulsion stability. The R2 value of 88.14% verified that the model is well-fitted and the optimal values for the input variables were successfully obtained using RSM. Response surface methodology (RSM) plot of formulation optimization showing the effect of variables on hexitol and glycol. Response surface plots of the predicted stability as a function of hexitol and glycol.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiah Atirah Raya
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Mohd Saaid
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Aminah Qayyimah Mohd Aji
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Amirhilmi A Razak
- Petronas Research Sdn. Bhd., Jln Ayer Hitam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Bergfreund J, Bertsch P, Fischer P. Effect of the hydrophobic phase on interfacial phenomena of surfactants, proteins, and particles at fluid interfaces. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Rigg A, Champagne P, Cunningham MF. Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles as Pickering Emulsifiers in Emulsion Formulations and Heterogenous Polymerization Systems. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100493. [PMID: 34841604 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bio-based Pickering emulsifiers are a nontoxic alternative to surfactants in emulsion formulations and heterogenous polymerizations. Recent demand for biocompatible and sustainable formulations has accelerated academic interest in polysaccharide-based nanoparticles as Pickering emulsifiers. Despite the environmental advantages, the inherent hydrophilicity of polysaccharides and their nanoparticles limits efficiency and application range. Modification of the polysaccharide surface is often required in the development of ultrastable, functional, and water-in-oil (W/O) systems. Complex surface modification calls into question the sustainability of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles and is identified as a significant barrier to commercialization. This review summarizes the use of nanocelluloses, -starches, and -chitins as Pickering emulsifiers, highlights trends and best practices in surface modification, and provides recommendations to expedite commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rigg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 19 Division Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.,Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec City, Quebec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Michael F Cunningham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 19 Division Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, 90 Bader Lane, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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14
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Ghavidel N, Fatehi P. Recent Developments in the Formulation and Use of Polymers and Particles of Plant-based Origin for Emulsion Stabilizations. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4850-4877. [PMID: 34424605 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The main scope of this Review was the recent progress in the use of plant-based polymers and particles for the stabilization of Pickering and non-Pickering emulsion systems. Due to their availability and promising performance, it was discussed how the source, modification, and formulation of cellulose, starch, protein, and lignin-based polymers and particles would impact their emulsion stabilization. Special attention was given toward the material synthesis in two forms of polymeric surfactants and particles and the corresponding formulated emulsions. Also, the effects of particle size, degree of aggregation, wettability, degree of substitution, and electrical charge in stabilizing oil/water systems and micro- and macro-structures of oil droplets were discussed. The wide range of applications using such plant-based stabilizers in different technologies as well as their challenge and future perspectives were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ghavidel
- Chemical Engineering Department, Green Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, P7B5E1 ON, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Green Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, P7B5E1 ON, Canada
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15
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Wang L, Li K, Copenhaver K, Mackay S, Lamm ME, Zhao X, Dixon B, Wang J, Han Y, Neivandt D, Johnson DA, Walker CC, Ozcan S, Gardner DJ. Review on Nonconventional Fibrillation Methods of Producing Cellulose Nanofibrils and Their Applications. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4037-4059. [PMID: 34506126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The production of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) continues to receive considerable attention because of their desirable material characteristics for a variety of consumer applications. There are, however, challenges that remain in transitioning CNFs from research to widespread adoption in the industrial sectors, including production cost and material performance. This Review covers CNFs produced from nonconventional fibrillation methods as a potential alternative solution. Pretreating biomass by biological, chemical, mechanical, or physical means can render plant feedstocks more facile for processing and thus lower energy requirements to produce CNFs. CNFs from nonconventional fibrillation methods have been investigated for various applications, including films, composites, aerogels, and Pickering emulsifiers. Continued research is needed to develop protocols to standardize the characterization (e.g., degree of fibrillation) of the lignocellulosic fibrillation processes and resulting CNF products to make them more attractive to the industry for specific product applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States.,Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Kai Li
- Buildings and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Katie Copenhaver
- Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Susan Mackay
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Meghan E Lamm
- Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Xianhui Zhao
- Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States.,Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Brandon Dixon
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, 1 Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Yousoo Han
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States.,Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - David Neivandt
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Donna A Johnson
- Process Development Center, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Colleen C Walker
- Process Development Center, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Soydan Ozcan
- Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Douglas J Gardner
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States.,Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
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16
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Ishikawa G, Tsuji T, Tagawa S, Kondo T. Adsorption of Janus-Type Amphiphilic Cellulose Nanofibrils onto Microspheres of Semicrystalline Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gento Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, West 5th, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Tsuji
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, West 5th, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd., 282, Yonejima, Takaoka, Toyama 933-8533, Japan
| | - Satomi Tagawa
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, West 5th, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, West 5th, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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17
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Roy S, Rhim JW. Gelatin/agar-based functional film integrated with Pickering emulsion of clove essential oil stabilized with nanocellulose for active packaging applications. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Pang B, Liu H, Zhang K. Recent progress on Pickering emulsions stabilized by polysaccharides-based micro/nanoparticles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 296:102522. [PMID: 34534752 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pickering emulsions stabilized by micro/nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention owing to their great potential in various applications ranging from cosmetic and food industries to catalysis, tissue engineering and drug delivery. There is a growing demand to design "green" micro/nanoparticles for constructing stable Pickering emulsions. Micro/nanoparticles derived from the naturally occurring polysaccharides including cellulose, chitin, chitosan and starch are capable of assembling at oil/water interfaces and are promising green candidates because of their excellent biodegradability and renewability. The physicochemical properties of the micro/nanoparticles, which are determined by the fabricating approaches and/or post-modification methods, have a significant effect on the characteristics of the final Pickering emulsions and their applications. Herein, recent advances on Pickering emulsions stabilized by polysaccharides-based micro/nanoparticles and the construction of functional materials including porous foams, microcapsules and latex particles from these emulsions as templates, are reviewed. In particular, the effects of micro/nanoparticles properties on the characteristics of the Pickering emulsions and their applications are discussed. Furthermore, the obstacles that hinder the practical applications of polysaccharides-based micro/nanoparticles and Pickering emulsions as well as the prospects for the future development, are discussed.
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19
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Kedzior SA, Gabriel VA, Dubé MA, Cranston ED. Nanocellulose in Emulsions and Heterogeneous Water-Based Polymer Systems: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002404. [PMID: 32797718 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (i.e., bacterial nanocellulose, cellulose nanocrystals, and cellulose nanofibrils) are cellulose-based materials with at least one dimension in the nanoscale. These materials have unique and useful properties and have been shown to assemble at oil-water interfaces and impart new functionality to emulsion and latex systems. Herein, the use of nanocellulose in both emulsions and heterogeneous water-based polymers is reviewed, including dispersion, suspension, and emulsion polymerization. Comprehensive tables describe past work employing nanocellulose as stabilizers or additives and the properties that can be tailored through the use of nanocellulose are highlighted. Even at low loadings, nanocellulose offers an unprecedented level of control as a property modifier for a range of emulsion and polymer applications, influencing, for example, emulsion type, stability, and stimuli-responsive behavior. Nanocellulose can tune polymer particle properties such as size, surface charge, and morphology, or be used to produce capsules and polymer nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical, thermal, and adhesive properties. The role of nanocellulose is discussed, and a perspective for future direction is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Kedzior
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Vida A Gabriel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Marc A Dubé
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Wood Science, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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20
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Ishida K, Yokota S, Kondo T. Localized surface acetylation of aqueous counter collision cellulose nanofibrils using a Pickering emulsion as an interfacial reaction platform. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117845. [PMID: 33766341 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The self-organization of nano-sized fibrous building blocks is essential for the construction of biomimetic architectonics and hierarchically constructed bio-based materials. The localization of hydrophobic moieties on the surfaces of such nanofibrils is key to hierarchical assembly in aqueous systems. In this study, unique self-assembling fibrous building blocks comprising amphiphilic cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were prepared by aqueous counter collision (ACC). The purpose of the study was to control the surface properties of ACC-CNFs by selectively acetylating their surfaces at the oil/water interfaces of a Pickering emulsion. Localized interfacial reactions occurred when the ACC-CNFs were adsorbed onto the surfaces of oil droplets containing the reaction reagents. Such acetylation reactions were achieved whilst maintaining the crystallinity and fibrous morphology of the original CNFs. The surfaces of films cast from the acetylated ACC-CNFs described herein had unique self-aggregation properties that contrasted markedly with those of films cast from acetylated ACC-CNFs prepared in homogenous dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Ishida
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Shingo Yokota
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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21
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Relaxation phenomenon and swelling behavior of regenerated cellulose fibers affected by organic solvents. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117656. [PMID: 33673982 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Regenerated cellulose fibers are extremely sensitive to water. In particular, their mechanical properties are greatly affected by water. Recently, it was clarified that the glass transition temperatures of regenerated cellulose over 500 K can be shifted to room temperature, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) showed the maxima and shoulders on the equator line in the wet state. In this study, glass transition caused by organic solvents was observed, although the peak heights of tangent δ (tan δ) were low, which suggested the regions affected by organic solvents were small. SAXS showed the maxima and shoulders, suggesting that organic solvents decreased the density of the amorphous region, i.e., widened space between cellulose molecules, creating sufficient space for the micro-Brownian motion of cellulose main chains. However, alkanes with molecular weight larger than n-nonane did not show tan δ peaks, which suggests that the solvent is hard to enter between microfibrils.
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22
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Li Q, Wu Y, Fang R, Lei C, Li Y, Li B, Pei Y, Luo X, ShilinLiu. Application of Nanocellulose as particle stabilizer in food Pickering emulsion: Scope, Merits and challenges. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Yokota S, Tagawa S, Kondo T. Facile surface modification of amphiphilic cellulose nanofibrils prepared by aqueous counter collision. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Tsuji T, Tsuboi K, Yokota S, Tagawa S, Kondo T. Characterization of an Amphiphilic Janus-Type Surface in the Cellulose Nanofibril Prepared by Aqueous Counter Collision. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:620-628. [PMID: 33415976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils, which attract extensive attention as a bio-based, sustainable, high-performance nanofibril, are believed to be predominantly hydrophilic. This study aimed to prove the presence of an amphiphilic "Janus-type fiber surface" in water with hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces in a cellulose nanofibril (ACC-CNF) that was prepared by the aqueous counter collision method. We clarified the surface characteristics of the ACC-CNF by confocal laser scanning microscopy with a carbohydrate-binding module and congo red probes for the hydrophobic planes on the cellulose fiber surfaces and calcofluor white as hydrophilic plane probes. The results indicated the presence of both characteristic planes on a single ACC-CNF surface, which verifies an amphiphilic Janus-type structure. Both hydrophobic probes adsorbed onto ACC-CNFs for the quantitative evaluation of the degree of ACC-CNF surface hydrophobicity by Langmuir's adsorption theory based on the optimal maximum adsorption amounts for various starting raw material types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Tsuji
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd., 282, Yonejima, Takaoka, Toyama 933-8533, Japan
| | - Kunio Tsuboi
- Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd., 282, Yonejima, Takaoka, Toyama 933-8533, Japan
| | - Shingo Yokota
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satomi Tagawa
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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25
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Sulbarán-Rangel B, Hernández Díaz JA, Guzmán González CA, Rojas OJ. Partially acetylated cellulose nanofibrils from Agave tequilana bagasse and Pickering stabilization. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1858855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry and, Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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26
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Liu Z, Geng S, Jiang Z, Liu B. Fabrication and characterization of food-grade Pickering high internal emulsions stabilized with β-cyclodextrin. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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27
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Yi T, Zhao H, Mo Q, Pan D, Liu Y, Huang L, Xu H, Hu B, Song H. From Cellulose to Cellulose Nanofibrils-A Comprehensive Review of the Preparation and Modification of Cellulose Nanofibrils. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5062. [PMID: 33182719 PMCID: PMC7697919 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the preparation methods of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and the progress in the research pertaining to their surface modification. Moreover, the preparation and surface modification of nanocellulose were comprehensively introduced based on the existing literature. The review focuses on the mechanical treatment of cellulose, the surface modification of fibrillated fibers during pretreatment, the surface modification of nanocellulose and the modification of CNFs and their functional application. In the past five years, research on cellulose nanofibrils has progressed with developments in nanomaterials research technology. The number of papers on nanocellulose alone has increased by six times. However, owing to its high energy consumption, high cost and challenging industrial production, the applications of nanocellulose remain limited. In addition, although nanofibrils exhibit strong biocompatibility and barrier and mechanical properties, their high hydrophilicity limits their practical application. Current research on cellulose nanofibrils has mainly focused on the industrial production of CNFs, their pretreatment and functional modification and their compatibility with other biomass materials. In the future, with the rapid development of modern science and technology, the demand for biodegradable biomass materials will continue to increase. Furthermore, research on bio-based nanomaterials is expected to advance in the direction of functionalization and popularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Yi
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China; (T.Y.); (H.Z.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (L.H.); (H.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Hanyu Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China; (T.Y.); (H.Z.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (L.H.); (H.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Qi Mo
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China; (T.Y.); (H.Z.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (L.H.); (H.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Donglei Pan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China; (T.Y.); (H.Z.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (L.H.); (H.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China; (T.Y.); (H.Z.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (L.H.); (H.X.); (B.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lijie Huang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China; (T.Y.); (H.Z.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (L.H.); (H.X.); (B.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China; (T.Y.); (H.Z.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (L.H.); (H.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Bao Hu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China; (T.Y.); (H.Z.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (L.H.); (H.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Hainong Song
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., 12 Kexing Road, High-tech Zone, Nanning 530012, China;
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28
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Li DD, Jiang JZ, Cai C. Palladium nanoparticles anchored on amphiphilic Janus-type cellulose nanocrystals for Pickering interfacial catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9396-9399. [PMID: 32676633 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03892j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Developing green and sustainable Pickering interfacial catalysts for organic reactions in water is of great importance to both the environment and human health. In this study, Janus-type amphiphilic cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were synthesized by the surface modification of hydrophilic CNCs with hydrophobic alkyl chains for efficient Pickering emulsion stabilization. Further deposition of palladium nanoparticles on amphiphilic CNCs provides catalytic activity for organic reactions in water, which occur at the interface of water and the organic reactant phase. Different reactions, hydrogenation and C-C coupling, were performed using the obtained Pickering interfacial catalyst. Excellent results were achieved in both reactions. The catalyst developed in our study is expected to advance the field of environment-friendly catalyst systems for green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Li
- Chemical Engineering College, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
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29
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Wang Y, Zhu L, Zhang H, Huang H, Jiang L. Formulation of pH and temperature dual-responsive Pickering emulsion stabilized by chitosan-based microgel for recyclable biocatalysis. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Chen L, Ao F, Ge X, Shen W. Food-Grade Pickering Emulsions: Preparation, Stabilization and Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E3202. [PMID: 32674301 PMCID: PMC7397194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Pickering emulsions have emerged as a new method and have attracted much attention in the fields of food sciences. Unlike conventional emulsions, Pickering emulsions are stabilized by solid particles, which can irreversibly adsorb on the oil-water interface to form a dense film to prevent the aggregation of droplets. The research and development of food-grade solid particles are increasingly favored by scientific researchers. Compared with conventional emulsions, Pickering emulsions have many advantages, such as fewer using amounts of emulsifiers, biocompatibility and higher safety, which may offer feasibility to have broad application prospects in a wide range of fields. In this article, we review the preparation methods, stabilization mechanism, degradation of Pickering emulsions. We also summarize its applications in food sciences in recent years and discuss its future prospects and challenges in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Fen Ao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710000, China;
| | - Xuemei Ge
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Wen Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710000, China;
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31
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Tominaga M, Kuwahara K, Tsushida M, Shida K. Cellulose nanofiber-based electrode as a component of an enzyme-catalyzed biofuel cell. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22120-22125. [PMID: 35516605 PMCID: PMC9054564 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03476b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of flexible, wearable, and disposable electronic devices have been developed as chemical and physical sensors, and many solar cells contain plastics. However, because of environmental pollution caused by microplastics, plastic use is being reduced worldwide. We have developed an enzyme-catalyzed biofuel cell utilizing cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as an electrode component. The electrode was made conductive by mixing multi-walled carbon nanotubes with the CNF. This prepared biofuel cell was wearable, flexible, hygroscopic, biodegradable, eco-friendly, and readily disposable like paper. The CNF-based enzyme-catalyzed biofuel cell contained a flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase bioanode and laccase biocathode. The maximum voltage and maximum current density of the biofuel cell were 434 mV and 176 μA cm−2, respectively, at room temperature (15–18 °C). The maximum power output was 27 μW cm−2, which was converted to 483 (±13) μW cm−3. Cellulose nanofiber-based biofuel cell with flexible, biodegradable, eco-friendly.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tominaga
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry
- Saga University
- Saga 840-8502
- Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kuwahara
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry
- Saga University
- Saga 840-8502
- Japan
| | | | - Kenji Shida
- Faculty of Engineering
- Kumamoto University
- Kumamoto 860-8555
- Japan
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