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Zhang J, Zhang X, Wang R, Wang W, Zhao H, Yang S, Dong Z, Wang DY, Pan YT. Cyclodextrin-based host-guest hierarchical fire retardants: Synthesis and novel strategy to endow polylactic acid fire retardancy and UV resistance. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 341:122313. [PMID: 38876722 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) with a cage-like supramolecular structure possesses the hydrophobic internal ring and external hydroxyl groups, which are beneficial for intramolecular interactions known as "host-guest" chemistry. This study presents a β-CD-based three-functions-in-one and host-guest fire retardant (βCD-MOF@Schiff base), which incorporates self-crosslinking Schiff base into its cavity and modification of its surface by metal-organic framework (MOF). With the presence of 5 wt% of βCD-MOF@Schiff base, the LOI value of PLA composites increased to 29 % and showed 15 %, 17 % and 62 % reductions in peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), and the yield of hazard gas carbon monoxide, respectively. The mode action of FR on fire retardation of PLA showed that the FR promoted the char formation with higher thermal stability and graphitization, and modified the decomposition path of PLA. Additionally, the PLA composites exhibited enhanced UV resistance in the UVA and UVB areas with improved UV absorbance and the UPF values improving and doubling. This work develops a new approach to preparing biodegradable FR, which simultaneously endows fire safety and anti-UV properties for PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Wenqing Wang
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenfeng Dong
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ye-Tang Pan
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Li Z, Liu Q, Tang S, Feng D, Zhao W, Li B, Xie D, Mei Y. Dual modification of EVA by long chain phosphaphenanthrene grafted MXene and black phosphorene nanosheets for simultaneously enhanced thermal stability and flame retardancy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Chen Q, Zhang J, Li J, Sun J, Xu B, Li H, Gu X, Zhang S. Synthesis of a novel triazine-based intumescent flame retardant and its effects on the fire performance of expanded polystyrene foams. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Alvarado N, Abarca RL, Linares-Flores C. Two Fascinating Polysaccharides: Chitosan and Starch. Some Prominent Characterizations for Applying as Eco-Friendly Food Packaging and Pollutant Remover in Aqueous Medium. Progress in Recent Years: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1737. [PMID: 34073343 PMCID: PMC8198307 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The call to use biodegradable, eco-friendly materials is urgent. The use of biopolymers as a replacement for the classic petroleum-based materials is increasing. Chitosan and starch have been widely studied with this purpose: to be part of this replacement. The importance of proper physical characterization of these biopolymers is essential for the intended application. This review focuses on characterizations of chitosan and starch, approximately from 2017 to date, in one of their most-used applications: food packaging for chitosan and as an adsorbent agent of pollutants in aqueous medium for starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Alvarado
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel 8900000, Chile
| | - Romina L. Abarca
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Cristian Linares-Flores
- Grupo de Investigación en Energía y Procesos Sustentables, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel 8900000, Chile;
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Compression Molding of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Foam Sheets with Beads Expanded by Supercritical CO 2 Foaming. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040656. [PMID: 33671823 PMCID: PMC7926550 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanded thermoplastic polyurethane (ETPU) beads were prepared by a supercritical CO2 foaming process and compression molded to manufacture foam sheets. The effect of the cell structure of the foamed beads on the properties of the foam sheets was studied. Higher foaming pressure resulted in a greater number of cells and thus, smaller cell size, while increasing the foaming temperature at a fixed pressure lowered the viscosity to result in fewer cells and a larger cell size, increasing the expansion ratio of the ETPU. Although the processing window in which the cell structure of the ETPU beads can be maintained was very limited compared to that of steam chest molding, compression molding of ETPU beads to produce foam sheets was possible by controlling the compression pressure and temperature to obtain sintering of the bead surfaces. Properties of the foam sheets are influenced by the expansion ratio of the beads and the increase in the expansion ratio increased the foam resilience, decreased the hardness, and increased the tensile strength and elongation at break.
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Esterification modified starch by phosphates and urea via alcohol solvothermal route for its potential utilization for urea slow-releasing. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:2448-2456. [PMID: 32987076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The natural starch (NS) is modified by an esterification process which is accomplished by reacting the NS and phosphate together with urea via a facile alcohol solvothermal method. After modification, a series of obvious variations can be easily confirmed for the resulted starch phosphate carbamides (denoted as SPC) compared with that of NS, such as the introduction of new groups of CO, PO, P-O-C and P-O-H together with new elements of N and P in starch molecular structure unit confirmed in FT-IR and XPS analyses and the decreased crystallinity along with formed surface defect demonstrated in XRD and SEM measurements. Furthermore, the formed SPC has a higher viscosity of 480 mPa.s-1 and lower gelatinization temperature of under 10 °C than that of the NS. More importantly, when the SPC is utilized as outer coating material together with ethylcellulose (EC) as inner coating material for preparing double-layer slow-release urea (denoted as EC/SPC based SRU), the EC/SPC based SRU has a desirable slow-release behavior with release percentages of 40.9% for 12 h in water and merely 59.6% for 20 day together with even exceeding 30 days in soil. Conclusively, this work provides a facile preparation approach for the SPC and its creative application for the preparation of SRU.
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Baby A, Tretsiakova-McNally S, Arun M, Joseph P, Zhang J. Reactive and Additive Modifications of Styrenic Polymers with Phosphorus-Containing Compounds and Their Effects on Fire Retardance. Molecules 2020; 25:E3779. [PMID: 32825185 PMCID: PMC7504409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polystyrene, despite its high flammability, is widely used as a thermal insulation material for buildings, for food packaging, in electrical and automotive industries, etc. A number of modification routes have been explored to improve the fire retardance and boost the thermal stability of commercially important styrene-based polymeric products. The earlier strategies mostly involved the use of halogenated fire retardants. Nowadays, these compounds are considered to be persistent pollutants that are hazardous to public and environmental health. Many well-known halogen-based fire retardants, regardless of their chemical structures and modes of action, have been withdrawn from built environments in the European Union, USA, and Canada. This had triggered a growing research interest in, and an industrial demand for, halogen-free alternatives, which not only will reduce the flammability but also address toxicity and bioaccumulation issues. Among the possible options, phosphorus-containing compounds have received greater attention due to their excellent fire-retarding efficiencies and environmentally friendly attributes. Numerous reports were also published on reactive and additive modifications of polystyrene in different forms, particularly in the last decade; hence, the current article aims to provide a critical review of these publications. The authors mainly intend to focus on the chemistries of phosphorous compounds, with the P atom being in different chemical environments, used either as reactive, or additive, fire retardants in styrene-based materials. The chemical pathways and possible mechanisms behind the fire retardance are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloshy Baby
- Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Svetlana Tretsiakova-McNally
- Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Malavika Arun
- Institute of Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Victoria, Australia; (M.A.); (P.J.)
| | - Paul Joseph
- Institute of Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Victoria, Australia; (M.A.); (P.J.)
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.B.); (J.Z.)
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