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Liu A, Wu H, Dong Z, Fan Q, Huang J, Jin Z, Xiao N, Liu H, Li Z, Ming L. Recent trends in nanocellulose: Metabolism-related, gastrointestinal effects, and applications in probiotic delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 343:122442. [PMID: 39174123 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanocellulose, a versatile and sustainable nanomaterial derived from cellulose fibers, has attracted considerable attention in various fields due to its unique properties. Similar to dietary fibers, nanocellulose is difficult to digest in the human gastrointestinal tract. The indigestible nanocellulose is fermented by gut microbiota, producing metabolites and potentially exhibiting prebiotic activity in intestinal diseases. Additionally, nanocellulose can serve as a matrix material for probiotic protection and show promising prospects for probiotic delivery. In this review, we summarize the classification of nanocellulose, including cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), highlighting their distinct characteristics and applications. We discuss the metabolism-related characteristics of nanocellulose from oral ingestion to colon fermentation and introduce the prebiotic activity of nanocellulose in intestinal diseases. Furthermore, we provide an overview of commonly used nanocellulose-based encapsulation techniques, such as emulsification, extrusion, freeze drying, and spray drying, as well as the delivery systems employing nanocellulose matrix materials, including microcapsules, emulsions, and hydrogels. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with nanocellulose metabolism, prebiotic functionality, encapsulation techniques, and delivery systems using nanocellulose matrix material for probiotics. This review will provide new insight into the application of nanocellulose in the treatment of intestinal diseases and probiotic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hailian Wu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zishu Dong
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qimeng Fan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhengji Jin
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongning Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zhe Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Liangshan Ming
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China.
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Huang L, Xu C, Gao W, Rojas OJ, Jiao W, Guo S, Li J. Formulation and stabilization of high internal phase emulsions via mechanical cellulose nanofibrils/ethyl lauroyl arginate complexes. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121541. [PMID: 37985062 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the quest for biocompatibility, we report on oil-in-water (O/W), high-internal-phase Pickering emulsions stabilized via complexes of mechanical cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and food-grade cationic surfactant ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE). The complexation of oppositely charged CNF and LAE can be held together by electrostatic interaction. Their effect on suspensions electrostatic stabilization, heteroaggregation state, and emulsifying ability was studied and related to properties of resultant interfacial tension between oil and water and 3D printing of emulsions. The Pickering system with adjustable droplet diameter and stability against creaming and oiling-off during storage was achieved resting with LAE loading. Complexes formed by LAE adjustment act as Pickering stabilizers and three-dimensional networks in emulsion system, forming a scaffold with elastoplastic rheological properties that flows above critical stress while, without any additional treatment, exhibiting the required self-standing properties for 3D printing. By understanding the properties of CNF/LAE behavior in bulk and on interfaces, printing edible functional foods of CNF/LAE-based emulgel inks has been demonstrated to enable regulation of oil release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenhua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Wenjuan Jiao
- Sericulture & Agri-food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Shasha Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Wang H, Lin X, Zhu J, Yang Y, Qiao S, Jiao B, Ma L, Zhang Y. Encapsulation of lutein in gelatin type A/B-chitosan systems via tunable chains and bonds from tweens: Thermal stability, rheologic property and food 2D/3D printability. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113392. [PMID: 37803730 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Lutein could be stabilized in gelatin type A/B-chitosan systems by different polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters (tweens) via tunable chains and bonds, and the homogeneous system held potential in food 2D/3D printing. During encapsulation of lutein in gelatin-chitosan matrix complexes, tween 40, tween 60 and tween 80 assisted in the excellent centrifugation stability, freeze-thaw stability, chemical stability as well as thermal stability. The tweens contained systems also possessed excellent rheological properties, including shearing thinning property, self-supporting characteristics, and favorable thixotropy. Especially, tween 80 performed well in facilitating the stability and rheological properties of systems with uniform micromorphology due to its long alkyl chains and carbon-carbon double bonds (two sp2 hybridized C-atoms) (from FTIR, XRD, SEM, etc.); and gelatin type B illustrated higher protection effects on lutein because of its strong electrostatic interaction with chitosan. The optimal systems could work as edible ink for 2D/3D printing on food with great UV-irradiation stability and high definition. Surimi could be modified by the optimal complex and possessed excellent shear-thinning property, proper yield stress, low dependence on frequency and stable structure, which was successfully applied for innovative 3D printing with sophisticated shapes. The practical food 2D/3D printing (like bread and surimi) demonstrated high potential in food creation and food innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, P.R China; Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xianyou Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Juncheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shihao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, P.O. Box 5109, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, P.R China; Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, P.R China; Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Ouyang Z, Zhu J, Cheng Y, Chen L, Yang Y, Ma L, Zhu H, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Wang H. Triple-induced gardenia fruit extract-enriched gelatin/polysaccharides microgels for O/W emulsions, and food 3D printing. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Wang H, Hu L, Du J, Peng L, Ma L, Zhang Y. Development of rheologically stable high internal phase emulsions by gelatin/chitooligosaccharide mixtures and food application. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hobisch MA, Zabler S, Bardet SM, Zankel A, Nypelö T, Eckhart R, Bauer W, Spirk S. How cellulose nanofibrils and cellulose microparticles impact paper strength-A visualization approach. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117406. [PMID: 33357893 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellulosic nanomaterials are in the focus of academia and industry to realize light-weight biobased materials with remarkable strength. While the effect is well known, the distribution of these nanomaterials are less explored, particularly for paper sheets. Here, we explore the 3D distribution of micro and nanosized cellulosic particles in paper sheets and correlate their extent of fibrillation to the distribution inside the sheets and subsequently to paper properties. To overcome challenges with contrast between the particles and the matrix, we attached probes on the cellulose nano/microparticles, either by covalent attachment of fluorescent dyes or by physical deposition of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. The increased contrast enabled visualization of the micro and nanosized particles inside the paper matrix using multiphoton microscopy, X-ray microtomography and SEM-EDX. The results indicate that fibrillary fines enrich at pores and fiber-fiber junctions, thereby increasing the relative bonded area between fibers to enhance paper strength while CNF seems to additionally form an inner 3D network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias A Hobisch
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Zabler
- Fraunhofer IIS, Josef-Martin-Weg 63, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia M Bardet
- CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, Université Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Armin Zankel
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology and Centre for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tiina Nypelö
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rene Eckhart
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bauer
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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